RAPPORTS ET PROCES-VERBAUX DES REUNIONS

VOLUME 191

THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF J The Third ICES Symposium, Bergen, 3-5 October 1988

Edited by

J. H. S. BLAXTER, J. C. GAMBLE, AND H. v. WESTERNHAGEN

UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK § HANNOVER 1 TECHN'SCHE INFORMATIONSOiBUOTHEKj

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA

CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR L'EXPLORATION DE LA MER

ISSN 0074-4336 December 1989

TIB/UB Hannover 89 130 594 776 RPV 191 THE EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF FISH ISSN 0074-4336 December 1989

Contents

J H S Blaxter Introduction and background

J Hunter In memory of Dr Reuben Lasker Organization of the Symposium

Full Papers I Spawning studies J Alheit Comparative spawning biology of anchovies, sardines, and sprats 7

H J L Heessen and Investigations on egg production and mortality of cod ( morhua 15 A D Rijnsdorp L ) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L ) in the southern and eastern North Sea in 1987 and 1988

B R Howell and A P Scott Ovulation cycles and post-ovulatory deterioration of eggs of the turbot 21 (Scophthalmus maximus L)

in two marine 27 A Sabates and M P Olivar Comparative spawning strategies of mesopelagic systems with different productivity 34 C E Zastrow, E D Houde, and Quality of striped bass (Morone saxattlis) eggs in relation to river source E H Saunders and female weight

II Field investigations - distribution and transport M J N Bergman, Transport mechanisms of larval plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L ) from 43 H W van der Veer, A Stam, and the coastal zone into the Wadden Sea nursery area D Zuidema

S E Campana, S J Smith, and An age-structured index of cod larval drift and retention in the waters 50 P C F Hurley off southwest Nova Scotia E J Chesney and M Alonso-Noval Coastal upwelhng and the early life history of sardines (Sardma 63 pilchardus) along the Gahcian coast of Spain southwest of 70 M J Doyle and T A Ryan Spatial patterns in a coastal ichthyoplankton community Ireland

M Heath Transport of larval herring (Clupea harengus L ) by the Scottish Coastal 85 Current 92 T Herra Larval redfish drift migration in relation to hydrographic features S A Holt, G J Holt, and Tidal stream transport of larval fishes into non-stratified estuaries 100 C R Arnold

Atlantic menhaden 105 D E Hoss, D M Checkley, and Diurnal buoyancy changes in larval (Brevoortia L R Settle tyrannus) 112 E D Houde, P B Ortner, Test of a camera-net system to determine abundance and heterogeneity L Lubbers, and S R Cummings in anchovy egg distributions 119 Y Iwatsuki, H Nakata, and The thermohahne front in relation to fish larvae R Hirano

S Kim and A W Kendall, Jr Distribution and transport of larval walleye (Theragra 127 Gulf of in relation to water chalcogramma) in Shehkof Strait, Alsaka, movement of 137 Y de Lafontaine and D Gascon Ontogenetic variation in the vertical distribution of eggs and larvae Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) J B Marliave Epibenthic associations of Merluccius productus larvae with fjord walls 146 153 H Nakata Transport and distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the vicinity of coastal fronts 160 J H Nichols and K M Brander Herring larval studies in the west-central North Sea W J Richards, T Leming, Distribution of fish larvae in relation to hydrographic features of the 169 M F McGowan, J T Lamkin, and Loop Current boundary in the Gulf of Mexico S Kelley-Fraga

R L Stephenson and M J Power Observations on herring larvae retained in the Bay of Fundy variability 177 in vertical movement and position of the patch edge

C T Taggart K F Dnnkwater, Larval fish, zooplankton community structure, and physical dynamics at 184 K T Frank, J McRuer, and a tidal front P LaRouche

T Westgard Two models of the vertical distribution of pelagic fish eggs in the 195 turbulent upper layer of the ocean

III Field investigations - growth and feeding

R Eckmann and M Pusch The influence of temperature on growth of young coregonids 201 (Coregonus lauaretus L ) in a large prealpme lake B Ellertsen P Fossum, P Solemdal, Relation between temperature and survival of eggs and first-feeding 209 and S Sundby larvae of northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L )

L Haldorson, A J Paul, D Sterntt, Annual and seasonal variation in growth of larval walleye pollock and 220 and J Watts flathead sole in a southeastern Alaska bay

T Haug H Bj0rke, and The distribution size composition, and feeding of larval Greenland 226 I -B Falk-Petersen halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossotdes Walbaum) in the eastern Norwegian and Barents Seas

M Heath A modelling and field study of grazing by herring larvae 233 F Hovenkamp Within-season variation in growth of larval plaice (Pleuronectes platessa 248 L) S Skreslet Spatial match and mismatch between larvae of cod (Gadus morhua L ) 258 and their principal prey, naupln of Calanm finrnarchwus (Gunnerus)

K Thonsson The food of larvae and pelagic juveniles of cod (Gadus morhua L ) in 264 the coastal waters west of Iceland

IV Field investigations - late larvae and juveniles O R God0, J Gj0sster, Spatial distribution of 0-group gadoids off mid-Norway 273 K Sunnana, and O Dragesund C Koutsikopoulos, M Karakin, Response of juvenile sole (Solea solea (L )) to environmental changes 281 Y Desaunay, and D Dorel investigated by otolith microstructure analysis J Marchand and G Masson Process of estuanne colonization by 0-group sole (Solea solea) 287 hydrological conditions, behaviour, and feeding activity in the Vilaine estuary S Olsen and A V Soldal Observations on inshore distribution and behaviour of 0-group northeast 296 Arctic cod

M Tanaka, T Goto, M Tomiyama, Lunar-phased immigration and settlement of metamorphosing Japanese 303 H and M Azuma Sudo, flounder larvae into the nearshore nursery ground

V Recruitment studies

T Johannessen and S Tveite of Influence various physical environmental factors on 0-group cod 311 recruitment as modelled by partial least-squares regression E G Lukmanov and N V Mukhina Some aspects of saithe [ L ) abundance dynamics 319 during early life stages in relation to the effect of biotic and abiotic environmental factors during the formation of year classes P Pepin Using growth histories to estimate larval fish mortality rates 324 H R SkjoldalandW Melle Nekton and plankton some comparative aspects of larval ecology and 330 recruitment processes

P Solemdal and M Sinclair Johan Hjort - founder of modern Norwegian fishery research and 339 pioneer in recruitment thinking D K Stevenson, K M Sherman, Abundance and population dynamics of the 1986 year class of herring 345 and J J Giaham along the Maine coast S Sundby, H Bj0rke, A V Soldal, Mortality rates during the early life stages and year-class strength of 351 and S Olsen northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L ) VI Experimental studies L A Fuiman and J C of larvae Gambit Influence experimental manipulations on predation of herring 359 bv ju\enik herring in large enclosures

J C Gamble and S J Hav Predation b\ the scvphomedusan Amelia aunta on herring larvae in 366 large enclosures effects of predator size and pre\ starvation

M Karakin and Daifv growth patterns in otoliths of larval and juvenile plaice 376 H von Westernhagen (Phuronectes platessa L ) influence of temperature sahnitv and light conditions

T Kierboe Growth m fish larvae

F Lagardere Influence of feeding conditions and temperature on the growth rale and 390 otolith-increment deposition of larval Dover sole (Solea solea (L ))

C Macquart Moulin C Caslelbon The role of barosensitivitv in the control of migrations of larval and 400 G Champalbert D Chikhi juvenile sole (Solea solea (L )) influence of pressure variations on L Le Diredch Boursier and swimming activity and orientation G Pdtnti

T Pedersen J E Eliassen reeding growth lipid composition and survival of larval cod (Gadus 409 H C Eilertsen, K S Tande and morhua L ) in relation to environmental conditions tit an enclosure at R E Olsen 70" in northern Norway

K Pittman, A B Skiftesvik and Effect of temperature on growth rates and organogenesis in the larvae 421 T Harboc of halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L )

D H Secor, J M Dean and Comparison of otolith growth and somatic growth in larval and juvenile 431 R B Baldevarona fishes based on otolith length/fish length relationships

Abstracts of all papers and pasters other than those published in full in this Volume

I Spawning studies

K M Brander The location and timing of cod spawning in the Irish Sea and central 439 North Sea

R C Chambers W C Leggett, and Egg size, maternal effects, and the correlations between early life 439 J A Brown history traits of capelin (Mallows vtllosus) (Pisces Osmendae) an appraisal at the individual level from 440 I -B Falk-Petersen, S Falk-Petersen, Lipids tn Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L ) eggs T Haug, E Kj0rsvik, and J Sargent planktonic samples in northern Norway T Haug and E Kj0rsvik Comparative studies of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L ) 440 spawning in different areas 441 S Hinckley Aspects of variation in egg size of walleye pollock (Theragra of size chalcogramma) with a preliminary examination of the effect egg on larval size

B R Howell, A R Child, and Fertilization rate m a natural population of the common sols (Solea 441 R G Houghton solea (L)) 442 E Kj0rsvik, A M Jensen, and Egg quality in marine fishes I Holmefjord

I Meneses and P Re" Infection of sardine eggs by a parasitic dinoflagellate (lchthyodimum 442 chabelardi) off Portugal I Palomera and A Sabates Spawning habits of two clupeiform fishes (Engraults encrasicalus (L ) 443 and Sardinella aunta Val) in the northwestern Mediterranean and 443 T S Rass Regularity in the increase of egg size among marine fishes invertebrates polewards from the equator to high latitudes P R6, A Fannha, and I Meneses Sardine diel spawning time off Portugal 444 five 445 A Sivertsen, L Jgrgensen, Nucleic acid content of plaice eggs (Pleuronectes platessa L ) at G Rosenlund, and O Vadstein different developmental stages the 1976-1988 445 P Solemdal The spawning of Arcto-Norwegian cod during years D M Ware and R W Tanasichuk Biological basis of maturation and wave spawning in Pacific herring 446 (Clupea harengus Pallasi)

II Field investigations - distribution and transport

J T Anderson and I Webster Ichthyoplankton sampling error associated with its non-constant depth 447 distribution in two layered systems E Beall and C Marty Dispersal patterns of Atlantic salmon fry at emergence under different 447 conditions of stocking densities

G W Boehlert, W Watson, and Distribution of larval fishes around an isolated oceanic island and the 448 L C Sun role of larval retention in population maintenance

of west I V Borkin Ichthyoplankton in the coastal waters Spitsbergen 448 D M Checkley, G L Maillet, and Winter storm effects on Atlantic menhaden 449 K M Mason

abundance of in coastal 449 M J Doyle Patterns in distribution and ichthyoplankton waters, southwest of Ireland, in relation to oceanographic conditions distribution and patterns in zooplankton

J Dunn, R B Mitchell, New opening and closing nets for sampling fish larvae 450 G G Urquhart, and B J Ritchie K T Frank, J E Carscadden, and Comparative analysis of factors underlying retention of capehn and 450 W C Leggett flatfish larvae on the southern Grand Banks J A Gagne and L Fortier Larval herring dispersion and survival in the St Lawrence estuary an 451 evaluation of the match/mismatch and member/vagrant hypotheses

M Heath, K Richardson, P Munk, Biological investigations during the autumn circulation experiment 451 K Brander, and E Moksness (ACE) in the North Sea, 1987-1988 A G Miskiewicz The distribution of tropical/coral reef fish larvae in temperate waters 452 along the New South Wales coast of Australia

J D Neilson and R I Perry Diel vertical migrations in young fish a facultative or obligate 452 phenomenon9 B L Norcross Transport and recruitment of spot (Lewstomus xanthurus) into 453 Chesapeake Bay, USA

M P Ohvar and M Barange Vertical distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the noithern Benguela 454 region

SMC Robinson Early life history of Pacific herring larvae in the Strait of Georgia, 454 British Columbia hydrodynamics, dispersal, and analysis of growth rates

A V Shevchenko, N A Isaev, and Some results of ichthyoplankton and hydrographic investigations to the 455 S V Behkov west and northwest of the British Isles in 1983-1987

III Field investigations - growth and feeding

J T Anderson Feeding of redfish larvae (Sebastes sp ) during two years dependent on 456 the timing of spring production and its effect on growth and survival of 456 S M Bollens, B W Frost, and Seasonal abundance patterns in the ichthyoplankton and zooplankton H R Schwaninger a temperate fjord, with comments on the match/mismatch hypothesis M E Clarke, M Eakin, C Dowd, Age of recruitment of bicolour damselfish (Pomacentrus partitas) to 457 and M Schmale reefs in southern Florida M J Costello Diet of juvenile (L ) and Gobiusculus flavescens 457 (Fabr ) in the Plymouth area I -B Falk-Petersen, T Haug, and Observations on the occurrence, size, and feeding of pelagic larval 458 E Moksness common wolf-fish (Anarhicas lupus) in western Finnmark, northern Norway P Fossum The condition of herring larvae off western Norway during the period 458 1985-1987

J L Hakanson The condition of larval anchovy (Engraults mordax) in the southern 459 California Bight, as measured through lipid analysis P J Hopkins Herring predation on fish eggs and larvae in the North Sea 459 G Hubold and W Ekau Trophic interactions of post-larval and juvenile notothemoids in the 460 southern Weddell Sea 460 K Matsushita The microdistnbution of food organisms in larval visual fields 460 K Matsushita The role of water turbulence in larval feeding success 461 T Minami, M Tanaka, Recruitment and temporal variations in larval size during the settling M Nakamura, R Nakamura, and stage of Japanese flounder (Parahchthys olwaceus) T Seikai

P Munk and B Skaarup Differences in life history traits of northerly and southerly spawned 461 herring larvae in the North Sea E. and T. Raid Ojavecr Role ni reproduction in Balnc herring population differentiation 4(,2 P. Re Ecology of the planktonic phase of the anchovy (Eneraulis encrasicolns 462 (L.)). within the- Mira estuary, Portugal A. Ropke Day and night variability in the calculation of growth of larval mackerel 463 [Scomber scombrus) during a patch study in the- Celtic Sea R. J. Shields Growth and condition of larval sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the Irish 463 Sea

IV. Field investigations - late larvae and juveniles R. Berghahn Environmentally induced biological tags in otoliths of 0-group plaice 464 (Pleuroneaes platessa L.) confirmed by daily increment readings

D. R. Gunderson and Patterns of estuanne use by juvenile English sole (Parophrys vetulus) 464 D. A. Armstrong and Dungeness crab (Cuncer magister) O. Hamerlynck, C. R. Janssen. and Fasting and feeding in late larval and early post-larval plaice 465 E. Van Landtschoote [Pleuroneaes platessa L.) J. V. Magnusson and O. K. Palsson The feeding habits of cod and redfish in East Greenland waters, with 465 special emphasis on predation on juvenile redfish K. Nedreaas and G. Na-vdal Identification of (I- and 1-group redfish by electrophoresis 465

to 466 S. I. Rogers and J. Jinadasa Prey partitioning among juvenile flatfish with particular reference the Soleidae

I. M. Suthers and K. T. Frank Dispersal, growth, and condition of juvenile pelagic cod (Gadus morhua 466 L.) in southwestern Nova Scotia

V. Recruitment studies

S. Alshuth Relationship between seasonal larval production and back-calculated 468 birthdate distribution of juvenile sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) K. Asano Simulation study of the stock-recruitment relationship of Japanese 468 common mackerel (Scomber japonicus H.) J. E. Beyer The stock and recruitment problem 469 H. I. Browman The biology and behavioural ecology of ontogenetic critical periods in 469 fish

G. C. Laurence Towards a consensus paradigm of early life stages survival of fishes and 470 recruitment: research in the face of variability and uncertainty 470 N. V. Mukhina and E. A. Dvinina Dynamics of cod abundance in early ontogeny and assessment of 3-year- olds by their eggs and larvae G. P. Nizovtsev On the relationship between recruitment and the maternal stock of 471 Greenland halibut in the Barents and Norwegian Seas P. Pepin Biological correlates of recruitment variability in North Sea fish stocks 472 J. Reinert Revised indices of the abundance of cod and haddock in the 0-group 472 surveys in Faroese waters, 1974-1988 V. P. Serbryakov Population fecundity and year-class strength of some commercial fish 473 species for 473 A. B. Thompson and M. Hilden Relationship between March sea temperature and year-class strength selected North Sea fish stocks, 1960-1984

VI. Experimental studies - feeding, growth, and metabolism rate in larval and 474 T. Andersen and E. Moksness Estimation of age in days and daily growth juvenile otoliths marine fishes based upon reading daily increments in their 474 G. P. Arnold and B. H. Holford The reactive perceptive field of the larval plaice (Pleuroneaes-platessa L.): a three-dimensional analysis of visual feeding larvae of Chilean sardine 475 F. Balbontin and A. Cannobbio Growth and mortality in laboratory-reared (Sardinops sagax musica) enriched 475 S. Bolla Fatty acid composition of Atlantic halibut larvae fed on Brachlonus, Artemia, or collected plankton in larvae of Dover sole 476 M. Boulhic and J. Gabaudan Histological criteria for determining starvation (Solea vulgaris Quensel) and critical tensions in relation 476 M. C. Burdass and M. Morgan Standard oxygen consumptions oxygen to size during early development of teleosts life traits of winter flounder R C Chambers and W C Leggett Parental influence on early history 477 (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

A J Fraser and J H Vandermeulen A hpid-based condition index for the larvae of marine fish and lobster 477

R Froese The use of video-based measurements in connection with discriminant 478 functions for identification of fish larvae

O Garatun-Tjeldsttf, I Huse, Some observations on survival and gut bacteria during start-feeding of 478 A Jelmert P G Kruger, and cod larvae (Gadus morhua L ) with artificial diets I Opstad I Holmetjord S Bolla and Start-feeding of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L ) on 479 K 1 Reitan enriched rotifers and Arterma compared with collected plankton

E Houde Comparative growth and energetics of marine fish larvae 479 E Kjgrsvik and I Opstad Morphological development of the digestive system in larval cod (Gadus 480 morhua L ) during start-feeding on artificial and live diets E Kj0rsvik H Kryvi, Gut development and gut content during the start-feeding period of 480 L in a T van der Meeren, and P Kvenseth larval cod (Gadus moihua ) reared pond T Malmstr0m Histological examination of the abdominal cavity of larval halibut 481 (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L ), with special reference to the morphology of the liver and the gut NAN Navaluna Starvation of larval walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) based on 481 histological and morphological evaluation

V Oiestad Specific application of meso- and macrocosms for solving problems in 481 fisheries research

B H Pedersen Secretion of proteases into the gut of herring larvae digesting copepods 482 K S Tande, H C Eilertsen, A concept for intensive production of cod larvae 482 P K Krogstad, and S L0ken J C Wallace, A B Amm, and The histology and physiology of the transfer from yolk absorption to 483 A M Gudmundsson exogenous feeding in Arctic charr (Salvehnus alpmus (L ))

VII Experimental studies - predation, locomotion

R S Batty Responses of marine fish larvae to visual stimuli 484

J H S Blaxter and L A Fuiman The role of the sensory systems of hernng laivae in predator avoidance 484

E Brannas Effects of predation and territory on survival of early and late emerging 485 Baltic salmon (Salmo salai L ) a laboratory study

C L Brownell Factors affecting agonistic behaviour in reared juvenile dolphin 485 (Coryphaena hippurus)

G Champalbert, C Castelbon, Locomotory activity rhythms in juvenile Solea vulgaris and 486 L Le Direach-Boursier, and Scophthalmus maxtmus L A Bourdillon

C E Dowd and M E Clarke An experimental investigation of cannibalism in hatchery-reared 486 juveniie redfish (Sciaenops ocellata) and snook (Centropomus undecimahs)

Y de Lafontaine and W C Leggett Macroinvertebrate predation on larval fish an in situ mesocosm 487 approach

C Macquart-Mouhn, G Patnti, Reactions locomotnces des juv6mles de soles (Solea vulgaris) a la 487 G Champalbert, and D Chikhi lumiere P J Williams Development of predator avoidance and feeding behaviour of larval cod 488 (Gadus morhua L )

VIII Experimental studies - osmoregulation, endoennes, albinism G J Holt and M A Banks Salinity tolerance and development of osmoregulation in larval sciaenids 489

T Seikai Albinism of hatchery-reared flounder (Parahchthys olwaceus) as a result 489 of deformation of asymmetrical development of skin structure

P Solemdal and O S Kjesbu Buoyancy of cod eggs from individually spawning cod (Gadus morhua 490 L)

M Tanaka, J B Tanangonan, Ontogenetic changes in thyroid hormone concentrations related to 490 M Tagawa, and T Hirano morphological and ecological events during the early life history of fish 491 P Tytler and M V Bell A study of diffusional permeability in marine fish larvae IX. Pollution

station on larval fish 492 C. H. Dempsey and S. I. Rogers The influence of a duett cooled coastal power mortality 492 A. P. Duarte and E. Mcndnnca The study of ichthyoplankton in a coastal area influenced by pulp industry effluents I.-B. Falk-Petersen and E. Kjorsvik Histological and ultrastructural effects due to hydrocarbon exposure in 493 larval cod [Gadus morhua L.) 493 M. D. Paine and W. C. Leggett Sublethal effects of Hibernia crude oil on capelin [Mallotus mllosus) embryos

in the Baltic 493 L. Urho Fin damage in larval and adult fishes in a polluted inlet

the Northern in 494 L. Urho and R. Hudd Sublethal effects ot an oil spill on fish larvae in Quark, the Baltic 495 J. H. S. Blaxter Concluding remarks