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The 8Th MAFF International Workshop on Genetic Resources: Integration of Biodiversity and Genome Technology for Crop Improvement

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The 8Th MAFF International Workshop on Genetic Resources: Integration of Biodiversity and Genome Technology for Crop Improvement Integration of Biodiversity and GenomeTechnology for Crop Improvement Edited by K. Oono, T. Komatsuda, K. Kadowaki and D. Vaughan Integration of Biodiversity and Genome Technology for Crop Improvement Proceedings of the Joint International Workshop 2000 International Workshop Molecular Plant Breeding and Utilization of Genetic Resources sponsored by Science and Technology Agency (STA) and Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center (JISTEC) & 8th MAFF International Workshop on Genetic Resources sponsored by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) November 28 - December 1, 2000 Tsukuba, Japan Printed in Japan by Sato Printing Co., Ltd , Tsukuba Published by National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Japan ISBN 4-93151 1-04-X November 28, 2000 PREFACE Crop improvement using conventional varieties or wild species as genetic resources has successfully brought increases to agricultural production worldwide. To respond to the demand for increased agricultural production research efforts have focused on development of efficient breeding methods and finding new gene sources in conserved genetic resources. Recent rapid developments in biotechnology are changing both breeding methods and the concept of genetic resources. All the functional genes of organisms are potential genetic resources for crop improvement by direct gene introduction. The developments in genome technology and the accumulation of genome information are so rapid that the complete genome sequences of 150 organisms - microorganisms, higher plants, animals and manwill have been elucidated within two years. Conservation and use of biodiversity are fundamental to sustaining agriculture and the environment. The application of genome technology to the analysis and use of biodiversity is most useful for the development of new breeding methods and identifying new gene sources for crop breeding. Using comparative genomics to understand variation in biological function, morphological characteristics and physiological responses to stresses will enable newplateaus to crop improvement to be reached. Research into the genetic components of species and populations, genetic variation and genetic differentiation between crops and their wild relatives and evolutionary processes and relationships among plants will support crop improvement. Enhanced linkages between plant breeding, biotechnology and biodiversity scientists are to be encouraged. Research on organisms and their environments based on new perspectives at the gene, genome, individual, population level will require specialists to integrate the results for practical use. I hope this workshop will promote such integration by bringing together scientists with expertise in biodiversity and biotechnology. I hope such integration will facilitate development of more efficient plant breeding in the 21 st century. Kiyoharu OONO Organizing Committee Organizing Committee Kiyoharu Oono, Chairperson Koh-ichi Kadowaki, Secretary Duncan Vaughan, Secretary Takao Komatsuda Norihiko Tomooka Masao Iwamoto Toshiyuki Wako Advisory Board Ronald L. Phillips, USA Gerhard Wenzel, Germany Masaru Iwanaga, Japan Shoji Miyazaki, Japan Hiromi Kobayashi, Japan Ill CONTENTS Pre fac e i Organizing Committees ii Proceedings of oral presentations Comparative genetic and physical mapping in the Oryzeae R. Phillips, S. A. Jackson, P. Imle, W.C. Kennard and R. A. Porter Retrotransposons as a tool for functional analysis of plant genes H.Hirochika Genomics as a tool for an efficient utilization of genetic resources using potato and wheat as examples G. Wenzel, A. Lossl, U. Frei, V. Mohler, £ L K. Hsam,X Q. Huang, F. Thummler andF. J. Zeller Tracking alien introgression into the rice genome through molecular approaches D. S. Brar, F. M.Abbasi, J. Talag, E. Enriquez, Z Li, M.Jones and G. S. Khush Genetic architecture and complexity as revealed at the molecular levels in wild and cultivated rices Y. Sano The introgression of QTL from Oryza rufipogon to IR64 MSugiono, E. M.Septiningsih and S. R. McCouch Evolutionary relationships among Oryza species inferred from transposable elements associated with the catalase gene CatA M.Iwamoto The construction and identification of plant BAC library B. Wang Rice centromere structure with repetitive sequences and construction of rice artificial chromosome (RAC) N.Kurata DNA marker-based estimates of coancestry and parental contributions in rice D. A. A. Tabanao, A, L. Carpena, R. N. Bernardo andL. S. Sebastian Genetic analysis and breeding improvement of a single tiller mutant (stl) in rice Q. Qian, X. Li, D. Zeng, J. Ouyang, S. Teng and J. Li IV Evaluation and utilization of genetic resources: A case study for salt tolerance in barley K. Takeda Sourcing, evaluating and utilizing biodiversity in crop genomes P. Heslop-Harrison and T. Schwarzacher Genomeanalysis in barley and its impact on the utilization of genetic resources A. Graner, D. Smilde, A. Drescher, K.-P.Pleissner, K Ordon and W.Michalek Molecular diversity and evolution in the genus Hordeum T. Komatsuda Preservation, evaluation and utilization of economically valuable plant germplasm in Bulgaria -present and future prospects /. Atanassov and A. Atanassov 57 Germplasm diversity in its evolutionary context: U.S. maize as a case study J. Labate, S. Kresovich andK. R. Lamkey 59 Diversity of Garcinia spp. and interspecific relationships by DNA analyses S. Te-Chato, M.Lim and M.Masahiro 63 Population diversity analyses using different molecular techniques to determine strategies for in-situ conservation - examples from the genera Glycine, Oryza and Vigna D. Vaughan, N. Tomooka, A. Kaga, A. Shcherban, R. Q. Xu, Y.Jinno, K. Doi andK. Kashiwaba 69 Howto control biodiversity of crops by means of biotechnology? Some approaches to overcoming breeding barriers T. Adachi, L Chen, S.-H Woo,J. Alt andM. Nagano 73 Genomics and biodiversity management: opportunities and challenges A Karp 77 RNA editing in plant mitochondria, cytoplasmic male sterility and plant breeding S. Litvak, A. Mouras andA. Araya 81 Mitochondrial genome diversity among plant species: is the gene encoded by mitochondrial genome or nuclear genome? K.Kadowaki 85 Genetic diversity of endosperm storage mutants in rice H Sato 89 Problems of genetic and molecular approaches to the hereditary improvement of the qualitative characters of crops V.A. Dragavtsev 93 Integration of genomics and biodiversity research at the Wheat Genetic Resources Center B. S. Gill, G. Brown-Guedira and W.John Raupp 96 Expansion of available genetic resources for wheat improvement by super-wide hybridization K Tsujimoto 100 Development of novel wheat starches by the use of germplasm diversity M.Yamamori 103 Rapid and simple method for purity test in radish hybrid seeds using RAPD marker S. T. Kwon andS. M. Oh 107 The molecular biology of the oil palm flowering H.Kulaveerasingam, Z Rahmat, T. S. Hee, L C. Ching, C. M.Chooi, L Y.PingandS. R. S. Alwee 1 1 1 On the synteny among grass genomes Y.Nagamura 1 15 SNP, genetic diversity and genepools for germplasm enhancement K Watanabe 1 18 Diversity of plant genomes revealed by analysis of gene sequences and microsatellites R. Henry 122 Genomefusion for crop improvement, a new style of breeding D.Shibata 126 Proceedings of poster presentations In alphabetical order of author Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in East Asia and South Asian melons based on isozyme and microsatellite polymorphisms Y Akashi, T. Wako, M.Masudaand K.Kato 129 DNA sequence data and phylogeny: The genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis a case study K. Doh A. Kaga, N. Tomooka andD. A. Vaughan 131 Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Zoysia for improvement of indigenous grazing grassland MEbina, A. Abe, M.Kobayashi, S. Kasugu, H. Araya andK Nakagawa 133 Screening of allelopathic activity from rice cultivars Y. Fujii andD. R. Gealy 135 VI Structural variation of waxy gene and differentiation in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. K.Fukunaga, M.Kawase and K. Kato 137 Core collections, DNA markers and bio-informatics: new tools for "mining" plant genetic resources held in gene banks - Sorghum as an example C. GrenLr, P. J. Bramel, P. Hamon, J. Chantereau, M Deu, M.Noirot, V. G. Reddy, S. Kresovich, K E. Prasada Rao, V.Mahalakshmi, J. H. Crouch andR. Ortiz 139 Application of heavy-ion bombardment to mutate wheat and barley 7. Honda, M.Wada,T. Abe, T. Asami andS. Yoshida 141 Development of DNA marker linked to fruit skin color in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). E. Inoue, K. Amano, M.Kasumi, F. Sakuma, K Hara and T. Tsukihashi 143 Intra-specific genetic differentiation in East Asian Vigna species (subgenus Ceratotropis) revealed by AFLP markers. A. Kaga, K.Doi, M.S. Yoon,N. TomookaandR A. Vaughan 145 Morphological and biochemical variations in radiation mutants of rice H.Kajiwara, T. Kaneko and M.Nishimura 147 The search for and analysis of new sources of resistance to legume storage pests K. Kashiwaba, N. Tomooka, A. Kaga andD. A. Vaughan 149 Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in East Asian wheat landraces and its possible association with adaptation to abiotic stresses K Kato andK Matsumoto 151 Molecular cloning and structural characterization of a receptor-like protein kinase gene from rice {Oryza sativa L.) MKawata, T. Oikawa, Y.Matsumura, F. Fukumoto, S. Kawasaki, F. Takaiwa andS. Kuroda 153 Gene organization of sugar beet mitochondrial genome T. Kubo, S. Nishizawa, A. Sugawara, K Itchoda, A. Estiati and T. Mikami 155 The relationship between intron splicing
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