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Lesson G15 En. Red Hat Linux Operation System

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Lesson G15 En. Red Hat Linux Operation System Leonardo da Vinci Programme – Project RO/03/B/P/PP175006 LESSON G15_EN. RED HAT LINUX OPERATION SYSTEM Parent Entity: IPA SA, Bucharest, Romania, 167 bis, Calea Floreasca, e-mail: [email protected];Fax: + 4021 316 16 20 Authors: Mariana Bistran, Principal Researcher, IPA SA, Bucharest, Romania, 167 bis, Calea Floreasca, Fax: + 4021 318 00 51 Professor Gheorghe Mincu Sandulescu, PhD, IPA SA, Bucharest, Romania, 167 bis, Calea Floreasca, e-mail: [email protected]; Fax: + 4021 318 00 51, Consultations: Every working day from 9.00 a.m. to 12.00 p.m.. After studying this lesson, you will acquire the following knowledge: To work with the application programs of the Linux graphical interfaces The main steps to install and configure the Red Hat Linux To find commands for Internet access for both systems Linux and Unix CONTENT OF THE LESSON 1. INTRODUCTION IN RED HAT LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM 2. HOW TO PERFORM THE INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION OF RED HAT LINUX 9.0 3. HOW TO WORK WITH RED HAT LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM? 4. WHICH IS THE COMMON STRUCTURE OF THE GRAPHICAL INTERFACES OF LINUX? 5. MAIN DIFFERENCES AND RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN LINUX AND MICROSOFT WINDOWS 6. HOW TO WORK IN TEXT MODE WITH RED HAT LINUX 7. HOW TO FIND THE MAIN COMMANDS FOR INTERNET ACCESS IN LINUX AND UNIX OPERATING SYSTEMS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After covering the lesson you will obtain knowledge about: The main components as free, open source programs of the distribution of Red Hat Linux Starting the installation and configuration processes of Linux How can we use the programs for configuration of Linux operating system and their graphical interfaces GNOME and KDE Starting work in text mode with Linux Main commands for Internet access in Linux and in Unix operating systems 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE RED HAT LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM LINUX is the kernel of Operating System, multi-user, which can be obtained for free from Internet. It is distributed Open Source and it can be modified and redistributed under the license GPL – General Public License. LINUX is the follower of Operating System UNIX and is designed mainly for networking, and it can be used as: Web server for navigation and for emails, Router, Firewall, Server for file hosting, DNS and proxy server. The internet world is based on open source, free, reliable and powerful programs and the most important program for Internet web servers is the open source, free program Apache. The Operating Systems, containing LINUX as kernel are named distributions; some of the main ones are the following: o Red Hat, which is the most spread; o Fedora; o Slackware; o TurboLinux; o Caldera, etc. The main differences from UNIX are that all the LINUX distributions use the same Kernel LINUX, in English, under the management of its author Linus Torvalds. Bi-monthly a new version of Linux kernel appears which can be downloaded for free from the address:http://www.kernel.org LINUX modern distributions can be easily installed with the help of graphical interface. It appears and works like Windows. The user interface is accessible in many languages, also in Romanian. 191 Leonardo da Vinci Programme – Project RO/03/B/P/PP175006 There are some differences between the Linux distributions, related to the installation programs such as: o graphical and interactive interface with the user, o user interface with text messages, o automatic installation of directories and files without user information; o on each version of distribution there are differences between the directories and the files, etc.. Each of LINUX distributions can be used in both operating modes: o text mode (only for the professionals) and o graphic mode recommended especially for the beginners. The real power of Linux consists in the text mode interface and it resembles the MS – DOS operating system. The main components of the distribution Red Hat of Linux contain the following programs: o graphical program for easy installation of Linux, named Anaconda, which detects the hardware components and produces the automatic resources partitioning; o 2 graphical and interactive user interfaces, very simple and practical to use, named GNOME and KDE; o many multimedia applications; o applications for users administration, for equipment control and for easy access to Internet; o free suites like Microsoft Office: OpenOffice, KOffice, GNOME; o assurance of special security; o for the reduction of the risk of data loss on power off failures, it contains a system with files as journals; o it contains two file managers, very accurate, entitled: Nautilus in GNOME and Konqueror in KDE; o an utilitarian RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) to store information about the program packets and their files. The version downloaded for free of the distribution Red Hat 9.0 contains: 3 CDs with the installation Kit and 2CDs with the source code. 2. HOW TO PERFORM THE INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION OF RED HAT LINUX 9.0 Firstly it is necessary to assure the minimal hardware features for working in Red Hat Linux 9.0 such as: o Processor with a frequency of minimum 200 MHz; o RAM memory of minimum : 64 MB in text mode and 128 MB in graphical mode; o Free space on HDD: from 650 MB to 5 GB; o CD-Rom unit and the possibility to boot the system from the CD. For users which have PCs under these features, they can only use the old versions of Red Hat Linux for small memory. The easy installation of the operating system named Linux Red Hat 9.0 is performed with the help of a wizard program on CD-ROM, having a graphical user interface; during the installation process many windows appear with explanations and selection options for choosing the preferred options. If you are not sure if you can start from the CD-ROM it is necessary to verify in the computer BIOS if the CD-ROM is the first bootable driver. Striking the keys DEL or F2 it is possible to access the BIOS setup utility and to enable booting from a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM. To start the process of installation it is necessary to input the 1st CD (of the 3 CDs) from the Red Hat Linux 9.0 kit in the CD- ROM unit and to reboot the PC. The 3 CDs can be provided for free from some IT magazines or from Internet from the address http://www.redhat.com. The installation process can be performed over 2-3 hours, and it is graphically represented indicating: Number of packages remaining to be installed, how much time remains until finishing the installation process, name, dimension, short description of the installing packet. All the applications programs built for working in Linux are components of the operating system and will be installed together at the operating system installation. How can we perform the Linux installation process ? The main Steps of Linux Installation Process are the following: Step 1. Selection of control of the installing process as “expert + ENTER” followed by the answer “No” to the question “Do you have a driver disk?”; 192 Leonardo da Vinci Programme – Project RO/03/B/P/PP175006 Step 2. Selection of dialogue language “English+Ok” in the list “Choose a language”; Step 3. Introduction of the type of keyboard “US+Ok” in the list “Keyboard type”; Step 4. Specifying “Local CD-ROM + Ok” as disk driver on which the installation kit of Linux is situated, in the window entitled Installation Mode, followed by pressing the Skip option at the program question “To begin testing the CD media before installation”; As a result the Anaconda program will be launched for automatic detection of the hardware features of the computer, and it will continue with the following actions of the installation process : Step 5. Press Next option into the introductive window Welcome to Red Hat Linux; Step 6. Selection of the “type of mouse” + press Next button, in the window named Mouse Configuration; Step 7. Selection of the option “Perform a New Red Hat Linux installation”+ Next in the window Upgrade Examine; Step 8. Selection of the option “Custom” + Next in the window Installation Type for the following types: • Personal Desktop for individuals, • Workstation for networks, • Server; • Custom for personalized installation. Step 9. Selection of the option “Manual partition with Disk Druid”+Next in the window Disk Partitioning for the following partitioning modes : a. Automatic partition, with possible loss of hard disk data; b. Manual partition with Disk Druid. Step 10. Pressing the button “New” + Next to create a new partition in the window Partitioning is recommended to create the following 3 partitions on the hard disk for Linux operating system: Partition1. Partition of 100 Mb for the kernel Linux, placed in the zone named /boot of the type ext3; Partition2. Partition of type swap, dimensioned as double value of the virtual RAM memory; Partition3. Partition of 5 Gb for the Operating System, placed in the zone named / of the type ext3. Step 11. Selection of the GRUB program, in the window Boot Loader Configuration for configuration of boot manager, followed by pressing the option “Configure advanced boot loader options” + Next; Step 12. Selection of the option “First sector of boot partition” + Next , in the window Install Boot Loader record on, for establishing the place for the boot manager program; Step 13. Selection of the security level “High” + Next in the window Firewall Configuration; Step 14. Other settings may be introduced in their correspondent windows such as: • Additional Language Support, • Time Zone Selection, • Set Root Password. Step 15. Anaconda program will open the window Package Group Selection in which the selection “Everything”+Next will be introduced for selecting the categories of programs to be installed; the beginning of the installation is indicated in the window About to Install and in the window entitled Installing Packages begins the real partitions formatting process, followed by the installation of the entire Linux operating system.
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