Tuning SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server on IBM Eserver Xseries Servers

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Tuning SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server on IBM Eserver Xseries Servers

Front cover Tuning SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server on IBMM Eserver xSeries Servers Describes ways to tune the operating system Introduces performance tuning tools Covers key server applications David Watts Martha Centeno Raymond Phillips Luciano Magalhães Tomé ibm.com/redbooks Redpaper International Technical Support Organization Tuning SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server on IBM Eserver xSeries Servers July 2004 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page vii. First Edition (July 2004) This edition applies to SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 8 and 9 running on IBM Eserver xSeries servers. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2004. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . vii Trademarks . viii Preface . ix The team that wrote this Redpaper . ix Become a published author . .x Comments welcome. xi Chapter 1. Tuning the operating system. 1 1.1 Disabling daemons . 2 1.2 Shutting down the GUI . 4 1.3 Compiling the kernel . 6 1.4 Changing kernel parameters. 7 1.5 V2.4 kernel parameters. 9 1.6 V2.6 kernel parameters. 12 1.7 Tuning the processor subsystem . 14 1.8 Tuning the memory subsystem . 15 1.9 Tuning the file system . 16 1.9.1 Hardware considerations before installing Linux. 16 1.9.2 ReiserFS, the default SUSE LINUX file system . 19 1.9.3 Other journaling file systems. 20 1.9.4 File system tuning in the Linux kernel. 20 1.9.5 The swap partition. 26 1.10 Tuning the network subsystem . 27 Chapter 2. Tuning tools . 31 2.1 uptime . 33 2.2 dmesg . 33 2.3 top . 34 2.3.1 Process priority and nice levels. 35 2.3.2 Zombie processes. 36 2.4 iostat . 36 2.5 vmstat . 37 2.6 sar . 38 2.7 KDE System Guard. 39 2.7.1 Work space . 40 2.8 free . 44 2.9 Traffic-vis. 44 2.10 pmap . 46 2.11 strace . 47 2.12 ulimit . 48 2.13 mpstat . 49 Chapter 3. Analyzing performance bottlenecks . 51 3.1 Identifying bottlenecks. 52 3.1.1 Gathering information . 52 3.1.2 Analyzing the server’s performance . 54 3.2 CPU bottlenecks . 55 3.2.1 Finding CPU bottlenecks . 55 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2004. All rights reserved. iii 3.2.2 SMP . 55 3.2.3 Performance tuning options . 56 3.3 Memory bottlenecks . 56 3.3.1 Finding memory bottlenecks . 56 3.3.2 Performance tuning options . 58 3.4 Disk bottlenecks . 58 3.4.1 Finding disk bottlenecks . 58 3.4.2 Performance tuning options . 61 3.5 Network bottlenecks . 61 3.5.1 Finding network bottlenecks . 61 3.5.2 Performance tuning options . 63 Chapter 4. Tuning Apache . 65 4.1 Gathering a baseline . 66 4.2 Web server subsystems . 66 4.3 Apache architecture models . 68 4.4 Compiling the Apache source code . 69 4.5 Operating system optimizations . 69 4.6 Apache 2 optimizations . 70 4.6.1 Multi-processing module directives. 73 4.6.2 Compression of data. ..

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