DOCSLIB.ORG

Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Plotting for Peace With Britain by late 1916 facing the prospect of an economic crisis and being increasingly dependent on the United States, rival factions in Asquith’s government battled over whether or not to seek a negotiated end to the First World War. In this riveting new account, Daniel Larsen tells the full story for the first time of how Asquith and his supporters secretly sought to end the war. He shows how they supported President Woodrow Wilson’s efforts to convene a peace conference and how British intelligence, clandestinely breaking American codes, aimed to sabotage these peace efforts and aided Asquith’s rivals. With Britain reading and decrypting all US diplomatic telegrams between Europe and Washington, these decrypts were used in a battle between the Treasury, which was terrified of looming financial catastrophe, and Lloyd George and the generals. This book’s findings transform our understanding of British strategy and international diplomacy during the war. Daniel Larsen is College Lecturer in History at Trinity College, University of Cambridge. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Plotting for Peace American Peacemakers, British Codebreakers, and Britain at War, 1914–1917 Daniel Larsen University of Cambridge © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108486682 DOI: 10.1017/9781108761833 © Daniel Larsen 2021 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2021 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ Books Ltd, Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Larsen, Daniel, 1985– author. Title: Plotting for peace : American peacemakers, British codebreakers, and Britain at war, 1914–1917 / Daniel Larsen, University of Cambridge. Other titles: American peacemakers, British codebreakers, and Britain at war, 1914–1917 Description: Cambridge ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020037949 (print) | LCCN 2020037950 (ebook) | ISBN 9781108486682 (hardback) | ISBN 9781108708197 (paperback) | ISBN 9781108761833 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: World War, 1914–1918–Peace. | World War, 1914–1918– Diplomatic history. | United States–Foreign relations–Great Britain. | Great Britain–Foreign relations–United States. | United States–Foreign relations– 1913–1921. | Great Britain–Foreign relations–1910–1936. | World War, 1914–1918–Economic aspects–Great Britain. | World War, 1914–1918– Cryptography. Classification: LCC D619 .L39 2021 (print) | LCC D619 (ebook) | DDC 940.3/120941–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037949 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037950 ISBN 978-1-108-48668-2 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information For Mom and Dad © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Contents List of Figures page viii List of Maps ix List of Graphs and Tables x Dramatis Personae xi Preface xv Acknowledgements xxiv Introduction 1 1 The First Year of War: August 1914–August 1915 24 2 Strategy: August–December 1915 48 3 Negotiations: January–March 1916 71 4 Deliberations: March–May 1916 104 5 The Gamble: June–August 1916 137 6 The Knock-Out Blow: September–October 1916 159 7 The Fall of Asquith: October–December 1916 188 8 Peace Moves: December 1916–January 1917 246 9 The Zimmermann Telegram and Wilson’s Move to War: February–April 1917 280 Conclusion 307 Appendix I The Gold Standard and the Fixed Exchange Rate 321 Appendix II GDP of the United States, Britain, and France, 1914–1918 325 Notes 327 Bibliography 389 Index 411 vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Figures 1 Edward M. House and Woodrow Wilson, c. 1915 page 10 2 Sir Edward Grey 12 3 Captain Reginald Hall 19 4 David Lloyd George 27 5 Headquarters of J. P. Morgan & Co. 31 6 Reginald McKenna 39 7 British war loan poster from 1915 42 8 Triangular arbitrage 50 9 Herbert Henry Asquith 53 10 Recruitment poster for the Derby Scheme, 1915 65 11 Arthur James Balfour 79 12 Austen Chamberlain 84 13 William Robertson and Douglas Haig 113 14 Lord Curzon 129 15 Charles Hardinge 144 16 A British field dressing station in France during the Battle of the Somme, 1916 146 17 Lord Northcliffe (Alfred Harmsworth) 167 18 Edwin Montagu 178 19 Lord Lansdowne 202 20 Edward Carson and Andrew Bonar Law 208 21 The illumination of the Statue of Liberty, drawn by Charles Graham 250 22 Karl I of Austria-Hungary 281 23 Signing the British War Loan, 1917 284 24 Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma in 1914 304 25 ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ exhibition at the Tower of London, November 2014 319 viii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Map 1 Map of First World War Europe page xxvi ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Graph and Table Graph 1 Price of Anglo-French five-year bonds, January 1915–April 1917 page 56 Table 1 US, British, and French GDP, 1914–1918 page 325 x © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information Dramatis Personae August 1914–April 1917 (Arranged in alphabetical order, may exclude offices not mentioned in the text) British † Liberal Party Politician * Conservative Party Politician H. H. Asquith† Prime Minister (to December 1916) Leader of the Opposition (from December 1916) Arthur J. Balfour* First Lord of the Admiralty (May 1915– December 1916) Foreign Secretary (from December 1916) Francis Bertie Ambassador to France Andrew Bonar Law* Leader of the Conservative Party Colonial Secretary (May 1915– December 1916) Chancellor of the Exchequer (from December 1916) John Bradbury Permanent Secretary to the Treasury Edward Carson* First Lord of the Admiralty (from December 1916) Robert Cecil* Foreign Office Parliamentary Undersecretary (from May 1915) Blockade Minister (from February 1916) Austen Chamberlain* Secretary of State for India Manpower Distribution Board Chair (August–December 1916) Winston Churchill† First Lord of the Admiralty (to May 1915) Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (May– November 1916) xi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48668-2 — Plotting for Peace Daniel Larsen Frontmatter More Information xii Dramatis Personae Lord Crawford* President of the Board of Agriculture (July– December 1916) Lord Crewe† Lord President of the Council (May 1915– December 1916) Lord Cunliffe Governor of the Bank of England Lord Curzon* Lord Privy Seal (May 1915–December 1916) Shipping Control Committee Chair (January–December 1916) President of the Air Board (May 1916– January 1917) War Cabinet Minister without Portfolio (from December 1916) Lord Derby* Director General of Recruiting (October 1915–May 1916) Eric Drummond Private Secretary to the Foreign Secretary (from 1915) Sir Edward Grey† Foreign Secretary (to December 1916) Douglas Haig Commander-in-Chief, British Expeditionary Force (from December 1915) Reginald Hall Director of Intelligence Division, Admiralty (from October 1914) Maurice Hankey Secretary to the War
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HEBEELE, Gerald Clarence, 1932- the PREDICAMENT of the BRITISH UNIONIST PARTY, 1906-1914
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 68-3000 HEBEELE, Gerald Clarence, 1932- THE PREDICAMENT OF THE BRITISH UNIONIST PARTY, 1906-1914. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1967 History, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Gerald Clarence Heberle 1968 THE PREDICAMENT OF THE BRITISH UNIONIST PARTY, 1906-1914 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gerald c / Heberle, B.A., M.A, ******* The Ohio State University 1967 Approved by B k f y f ’ P c M k ^ . f Adviser Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Philip P. Poirier of the Department of History, The Ohio State University, Dr. Poirier*s invaluable advice, his unfailing patience, and his timely encouragement were of immense assistance to me in the production of this dissertation, I must acknowledge the splendid service of the staff of the British Museum Manuscripts Room, The Librarian and staff of the University of Birmingham Library made the Chamberlain Papers available to me and were most friendly and helpful. His Lordship, Viscount Chilston, and Dr, Felix Hull, Kent County Archivist, very kindly permitted me to see the Chilston Papers, I received permission to see the Asquith Papers from Mr, Mark Bonham Carter, and the Papers were made available to me by the staff of the Bodleian Library, Oxford University, To all of these people I am indebted, I am especially grateful to Mr, Geoffrey D,M, Block and to Miss Anne Allason of the Conservative Research Department Library, Their cooperation made possible my work in the Conservative Party's publications, and their extreme kindness made it most enjoyable.
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • Walter Runciman and the Decline of the Liberal Party
    WaltER RUNCIMAN AND thE DECliNE of thE LIBERal PARTY Historians remain divided about the contribution that biography can make to their craft. Those who believe that the study of individuals is important because the decisions of those individuals affect the course of events and that the replacement of one key player in the historical mosaic can significantly change the way in which history evolves are matched by others who argue that biography inevitably exaggerates the role and significance of the individual and distorts the reality of the historical narrative. By David Dutton.1 26 Journal of Liberal History 84 Autumn 2014 WaltER RUNCIMAN AND thE DECliNE of thE LIBERal PARTY etween someone like parliament alongside his own father seafaring family. Two of his great- Thomas Carlyle, who and even of having preceded him grandfathers fought as midshipmen Bwrote that ‘history is the there. A governmental colleague at Trafalgar, while his father, also essence of innumerable biogra- offered a very fair assessment of him called Walter, rose from humble phies’, and the committed Marxist in 1912. ‘Runciman,’ he wrote, ‘is beginnings to own a major ship- who views the individual as a help- able, honest, hard-working, coura- ping company in the north-east. less cork bobbing up and down on geous, but while a good speaker, The traditional Liberal commit- the remorseless tides of economic just lacks that touch of genius which ment to free trade was part of the determinism, there can be no meet- Churchill has got, and that charm young Walter’s thinking as a pros- ing of minds.2 But somewhere which Lloyd George abounds in.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Admiralty War Staff and Its Influence on the Conduct of The
    ‘The Admiralty War Staff and its influence on the conduct of the naval between 1914 and 1918.’ Nicholas Duncan Black University College University of London. Ph.D. Thesis. 2005. UMI Number: U592637 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592637 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CONTENTS Page Abstract 4 Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Introduction 9 Chapter 1. 23 The Admiralty War Staff, 1912-1918. An analysis of the personnel. Chapter 2. 55 The establishment of the War Staff, and its work before the outbreak of war in August 1914. Chapter 3. 78 The Churchill-Battenberg Regime, August-October 1914. Chapter 4. 103 The Churchill-Fisher Regime, October 1914 - May 1915. Chapter 5. 130 The Balfour-Jackson Regime, May 1915 - November 1916. Figure 5.1: Range of battle outcomes based on differing uses of the 5BS and 3BCS 156 Chapter 6: 167 The Jellicoe Era, November 1916 - December 1917. Chapter 7. 206 The Geddes-Wemyss Regime, December 1917 - November 1918 Conclusion 226 Appendices 236 Appendix A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservatives in British Government and the Search for a Social Policy 1918-1923
    71-22,488 HOGAN, Neil William, 1936- THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Neil William Hogan, B.S.S., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by I AdvAdviser iser Department of History PREFACE I would like to acknowledge my thanks to Mr. Geoffrey D.M. Block, M.B.E. and Mrs. Critch of the Conservative Research Centre for the use of Conservative Party material; A.J.P. Taylor of the Beaverbrook Library for his encouragement and helpful suggestions and his efficient and courteous librarian, Mr. Iago. In addition, I wish to thank the staffs of the British Museum, Public Record Office, West Sussex Record Office, and the University of Birmingham Library for their aid. To my adviser, Professor Phillip P. Poirier, a special acknowledgement#for his suggestions and criticisms were always useful and wise. I also want to thank my mother who helped in the typing and most of all my wife, Janet, who typed and proofread the paper and gave so much encouragement in the whole project. VITA July 27, 1936 . Bom, Cleveland, Ohio 1958 .......... B.S.S., John Carroll University Cleveland, Ohio 1959 - 1965 .... U.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Pigou- Mckenna School'?
    On Britain’s Return to the Gold Standard: was there a ‘ Pigou - McKenna School’ ? Rogério Arthmar and Michael McLure * Abstract: On 17 March 192 5, Britain’s Chancellor of the E xchequer, Winston Churchill, held what is now regarded as a famous dinner with Sir Reginald McKenna, John Maynard Keynes, Sir John Bradbury and Sir Otto Niemeyer to discuss the merits, or otherwise, of Britain returning to the gold standard . Following that dinner, it has become popular to refer to the ‘Keynes - McKenna school’, with those two men being characterised as the ‘antagonists’ to the proposal for Britain to return to gold . However, in light of A. C. Pigou’s reading of McKenna’s evidence to the 1924 - 25 Chambe rlain - Bradbury Committee, and Pigou’s September 1924 draft of that Committee’s report, it is evident that Pigou’s views on the subject largely align ed with those of McKenna. As a result, it is suggested in this paper that historical r eference to the ‘Pigou - McKenna s chool’ as a school of thought that was supportive of Britain returning to the gold standard in principle , but not supportive of doing so prematurely, is a meaningful notion – and perhaps more meaningful than reference to the ‘Keynes - McKenna schoo l’, which incorrectly implies that McKenna was opposed to Britain returning to the gold standard . For Presentation at HETSA 2015 1. Introduction In his volume of reminiscences entitled Prejudice and Judgement (1948), Sir P. J. Grigg carefully chronicled the discussion at Winston Churchill’s dinner on 17 March 1925 with Sir Reginald McKenna, John Maynard Keynes, Sir John Bradbury and Sir Otto Niemeyer .
    [Show full text]
  • Asquith and Lloyd George: Common Misunderstandings the Rivalry Between Asquith and Lloyd George Grew out of the Great War
    George, was more to blame for the party’s demise. In fact his such potentially Liberal issues as the attempt to introduce position is more complicated. Whilst recognising the abilities of conscription to Ireland, or to support the Lansdowne negotiated both men, he points out that neither were at their best when it peace initiative. Similarly Lloyd George acts in March to came to piloting the Liberal Party through the war years. Asquith prevent a Coalition Liberal being run against an official Liberal at is presented as wishing to remain in office at any price, and making the Aberdeen South byelection. As late as , Wilson considers a series of debilitating concessions to Unionist opinion throughout that Lloyd George could have put his weight behind Liberal the final period of his premiership – though other commentators, reconciliation, as the party was not split into two hostile camps at notably Roy Jenkins, have seen this as skilful politicking on that point in either Parliament or the country. The war was Asquith’s part. Neither does Wilson have any plaudits for Lloyd therefore not something that split the party irrevocably, but rather George. His political manoeuvring is described as hopeless – for an event which destroyed long-standing Liberal verities and example, alienating Bonar Law in when he favoured removed the party’s self-confidence that it had a role to play in McKenna rather than the Tory leader for the post of Chancellor postwar Britain – only partially restored by free trade in and of the Exchequer. Wilson’s view is that if Lloyd George had been We Can Conquer Unemployment in .
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Guardian Archive Women's Suffrage Catalogue Compiled by Jane
    Guardian Archive Women’s Suffrage Catalogue Compiled by Jane Donaldson March 2017. Archive Reference: GDN/118/63 Title: Letter from Lydia Becker to C. P. Scott Extent: 1 sheet Scope and Content: Letter from Lydia Becker (1827–1890), suffragist leader, thanking Scott for his comments, which she shall not publish without his permission. She asks if she can use his name and publish his letter among the others she has received, as it is important to obtain various opinions. [This may relate to an article, ‘Female Suffrage’, for the magazine, the Contemporary Review, written after seeing Barbara Bodichon, artist and women’s activist, speak in 1886]. Date: 28 Jun 1886 Archive Reference: GDN/123/54 Title: Letter from A. Urmston to C. P. Scott Extent: 1 sheet Scope and Content: Letter from A. Urmston, Secretary of Leigh Co-operative Women's Guild asking, if Scott was returned [as a member of parliament?], would he vote for a Bill for Women’s Suffrage and support the extension of the Parliamentary franchise to women who already possess the various local franchises? Date: [Oct] 1900 Archive Reference: GDN/123/55 Title: Letter from C. P. Scott to A. Urmston Extent: 1 sheet Scope and Content: Letter from C. P. Scott to A. Urmston, Secretary of Leigh Co-operative Women's Guild, in reply to GDN/123/54, saying that he is in favour of extending the Parliamentary franchise to women on the same grounds as men, and that municipal and Parliamentary registers should be identical. [This last point is scored through]. Date: 6 Oct 1900 1 Archive Reference: GDN /124/149 Title: Letter from W.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Lewis Harcourt's Journal of the 1914 War Crisis Edited and Introduced by John W. Young, University of Nottingham Lewis Harco
    Lewis Harcourt’s Journal of the 1914 War Crisis Edited and Introduced by John W. Young, University of Nottingham Lewis Harcourt (1863-1922), known as ‘Loulou’, was the son of the prominent Liberal politician, William Harcourt. The bond between them was particularly strong, possibly because Loulou’s mother died immediately after his birth, and after school at Eton he became secretary to his father, who held the positions of Home Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer and, in 1896-98, Leader of the Opposition. Although frequently involved intrigue, notably when Sir William tried to succeed Gladstone as premier in 1894, Loulou did not enter Parliament until 1904. Cooler-tempered, subtler and less domineering than his father, if also less driven and passionate, he spent most of his career in government, becoming First Commissioner of Works in 1905, promoted to the Cabinet in 1907 and, the following year, taking up the more significant post of Colonial Secretary, which he held until 1915.1 Despite his privileged background – one of his great-grandfathers was an Archbishop of York, another the First Earl of Clarendon, a Cabinet minister under George III – he followed his father in aligning with radical causes like the introduction of death duties, scepticism about Imperial expansion, support for Irish Home Rule and opposition to the Boer War. But his was a traditional form of radicalism that made him sceptical about women’s suffrage and Lloyd George’s ‘People’s Budget’ of 1909. Having criticised increased naval spending and, when these were disclosed in 1911, military talks with France, it was predictable that he would oppose involvement in European 1 For biographies see: Patrick Jackson, ‘Lewis Harcourt’, Journal of Liberal History, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY This biography aims to list the major sources of information about the history of the British Liberal, Social Democrat and Liberal Democrat parties. It concentrates on published books. Some references are made to archival sources for major figures but a guide to archive sources can be found elsewhere on the website and the books listed will guide towards collections of articles. It is organised in four sections: § The philosophic and policy background § The history of the party and Liberal governments § Elections § Biographies and autobiographies of leading party members The list does not attempt to be comprehensive but most of the major works included in this list will contain references to other relevant works. Those new to the subject are referred to our shorter reading list for an introduction to the subject. Unless otherwise indicated, the place of publication is usually London. THE PHILOSOPHIC AND POLICY BACKGROUND GENERAL R Bellamy, Liberalism and Modern Society: An Historic Argument, (Cambridge University Press, 1992) Duncan Brack and Tony Little (eds) Great Liberal Speeches (Politico’s Publishing, 2001) Duncan Brack & Robert Ingham (eds) Dictionary of Liberal Quotations (Politico’s Publishing, 1999) Alan Bullock (ed), The Liberal Tradition from Fox to Keynes, (Oxford University Press, 1967). Robert Eccleshall (ed) British Liberalism: Liberal thought from the 1640s to 1980s (Longman, 1986) S Maccoby (ed), The English Radical Tradition 1763-1914, (1952) Conrad Russell An Intelligent Person’s Guide to Liberalism (Duckworth,
    [Show full text]
  • A Century of Premiers: Salisbury to Blair
    A Century of Premiers Salisbury to Blair Dick Leonard A Century of Premiers Also by Dick Leonard THE BACKBENCHER AND PARLIAMENT (ed. with Val Herman) CROSLAND AND NEW LABOUR (ed.) THE ECONOMIST GUIDE TO THE EUROPEAN UNION ELECTIONS IN BRITAIN: A Voter’s Guide (with Roger Mortimore) GUIDE TO THE GENERAL ELECTION PAYING FOR PARTY POLITICS THE PRO-EUROPEAN READER (ed. with Mark Leonard) THE SOCIALIST AGENDA: Crosland’s Legacy (ed. with David Lipsey) WORLD ATLAS OF ELECTIONS (with Richard Natkiel) A Century of Premiers Salisbury to Blair Dick Leonard © Dick Leonard 2005 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Churchill and Eugenics
    Churchill and Eugenics winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour-extras/churchill-and-eugenics-1 May 31, 2009 By Sir Martin Gilbert CBE Abstract: When he was Home Secretary (February 1910-October 1911) Churchill was in favor of the confinement, segregation, and sterilization of a class of persons contemporarily described as the “feeble minded.” The most significant letter Churchill wrote in support of eugenics was not, however, deliberately left out of the official biography by Randolph Churchill for reasons of embarrassment, but simply through oversight. -Ted Hutchinson The author (www.martingilbert.com) is an honorary member and trustee of The Churchill Centre, is the official biographer of Sir Winston Churchill and the author of more than eighty books, on the two World Wars, the Holocaust and 20th century history as well as Churchill. Randolph Churchill has been accused of deliberately omitting from his narrative volumes and from the companion volumes-because he was ashamed of it-a letter from Churchill to Asquith, written in December 1910, stating that “The unnatural and increasingly rapid growth of the Feeble-Minded and Insane classes, coupled as it is with a steady restriction among all the thrifty, energetic and superior stocks, constitutes a national and race danger which it is impossible to exaggerate.” I can state without fear of contradiction that Randolph never saw this letter, of which there was no copy in the Churchill papers. Here is the story of that letter, and its context. “The improvement of the British breed is my aim in life,” Winston Churchill wrote to his cousin Ivor Guest on 19 January 1899, shortly after his twenty-fifth birthday.
    [Show full text]