Two New Species and a Key to Passiflora Subg. Astrophea

LINDA K. ESCOBAR' Department of Biology, Universityof Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan,Puerto Rico 00931-3360 'Deceased 15 December 1993. See ASPT Newsletter 8(1): 13-14. January1994.

ABSTRACT. Two new species,Passiflora amoena and Passifloracallistemma, were discovered during a taxonomicrevision of subgenus Astrophea.The firstis placed in section Botryastrophea,the second in section Astrophea.A key is provided for all the species of Passiflorasubgenus Astrophea.

PassifloraL. subgenus Astrophea(DC.) Masters base, entire at margins,subcoriaceous to cori- is composed of 50 species of trees, shrubs, or aceous, lustrous,drying dark brown on adaxial lianas confinedto tropicalareas of South Amer- surface,glaucous and dryingolive-green on ab- ica, with two species ranging north into Me- axial surface, with 5-8 pairs of major lateral soamerica. As did Killip (1938), I recognize six veins; petioles stout,1.5-2.8 (5.2) cm long, 1.0- sections in the subgenus. Members of sect. Bot- 1.6 mm diam., 2-glandular on adaxial surface, ryastrophea(Harms) Killip, are lianas with strong at apex of petiole,with raised oval nectaries1.5- axillarytendrils, anomalous secondary growth, 2.3 mm long and 1.0-1.2 wide; stipules seta- and brightlycolored, orange to purple flowers ceous, ca. 0.3 mm long, deciduous. Flowering with an elongated hypanthium. Flowers are branches to 4 cm long, mostly on thick stems borne on very short to very long racemes pro- close to base of plant; peduncles stout,2.0-3.5 duced fromthick stems close to the forestfloor, mm long, 1.3-1.7 mm diam.; bracts triangular, or at the edge of forestvegetation, and are prob- 1.0-1.3 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide. Flowers sal- ably pollinated by hummingbirds.Species of verform,4.5-8.5 cm long, (including sepals) 3.5- sect. AstropheaDC., are treesor lianas with con- 4.0 cm wide, fleshy-coriaceous,borne erect or centricrings of secondary xylem and white to horizontally,pink; floralstipe stout, 8-22 mm greenish-whiteflowers with mostlyyellow co- long, 1.4-1.8 mm diam.; hypanthiumcylindri- ronal filaments.The floralhypanthium is short, cal, 3.0-4.9 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, ventricose and the species are probablypollinated by large at base, sepals oblong, 14-26 mm long, 8-16 mm bees. wide, petals 12-18 mm long, 4-6 mm wide; co- More than 50 years have passed since the last rona in 3-5 series, fleshy,the outer series lat- comprehensive taxonomic treatmentof subge- erallycompressed, ca. 7 mmlong, ca. 1 mmwide nus Astrophea,(Killip 1938), and many new spe- at base, straighton outer margin,dilated to 1.6 cies have been published since that time. To mm wide 1-2 mm from base, then tapering facilitateidentification of plants in this large obliquely ca. 5 mm to apex on inner margin, and difficultgroup, a key is provided forall the pink at base, yellow above, the second series species of the subgenus. tuberculate or laterally compressed, to 1 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm wide, the third series tuber- 1. Passiflora amoena L. Escobar sp. nov. (Fig. culate or laterallycompressed, to 0.5 mm long, 1)-TYPE: French Guiana, Kaw Mountain, the remaining series (if any) tuberculate;oper- Route D6, 26 km E of Roura at Camp Cai- culum erect, at base of hypanthium,ca. 5 mm man, 11 Nov 1986, D. E. Stone 3962B (ho- long, slightlyplicate at base, terminatingfrom lotype, DUKE!). ca. midpoint in laterally compressed ligules at P. fuchsiifloraeHemsley similis sed floribus margin;ovary ellipsoidal, 4.0-4.5 mm long, ca. valde coriaceis roseis corona externa carnosa 2.5 mm wide (pressed), glabrous, pink; styles triangulariflava differt. stout, 2.0-2.5 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm diam., gla- Glabrous lianas with anomalous secondary brous,pink. Fruitsellipsoidal, 6-9 cm long, 3.5- xylem and strong tendrils.Leaf blades elliptic 5.0 cm wide, with coriaceous pericarp, green, to ovate, 9.4-13.0 cm long, 4.0-7.5 cm wide, ob- with pink bloom; seeds obliquely obovate, ca. tuse then abruptlyacuminate, acute, or obtuse 5 mm long, ca. 3 mmwide, with finelyreticulate and emarginate at apex, obtuse to rounded at testa,dark brown at maturity. 203 204 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY [Volume 19

FIG. 1. Passifloraamoena. a. sterile branch; b. stem with inflorescence; c. longitudinal section of the flower,illustrating the thickhypanthium and the placement and shape of the corona and operculum (drawn fromphotograph on type specimen); d. section of the stem with floweringbranch, illustratingthe short peduncles borne in the axils of unexpanded leaves; e. fruit. 1994] ESCOBAR: PASSIFLORA 205

Representative specimens examined. FRENCH brown. Plants glabrous except forovaries. Leaf- GUIANA. Kaw Mountain,Camp Caiman, 13 Nov 1983, blades oblong, (4.7) 10.2-12.5 cm long, (2.1) 5.3- Billiet& Jadin2008 (CAY); SE de Cayenne, Route de 6.0 cm wide, acute or abruptlyacuminate at apex, l'Est, 500 m apres le Pont sur la Comte, 6 Jun 1980, rounded at base, entire at margins,coriaceous, Cremers6328 (CAY); ca. 45 km SE de Saul, Alentours dryingyellow-green, with 9-12 pairs of major de la DZ 1, 19 Aug 1980,Cremers 6343 (CAY, US); Saul, lateral veins; foliar nectaries 2-4, oblong, scar- Trace "Roche Bateau," crique Nouvelle France,3 May along 1972, de GranvilleB 4460 (CAY); Bellevue de l'Inini like, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, Mountain, 21 Aug 1985, de Granvilleet al. 7710 (CAY); midribon abaxial surface,distal to base of leaf- coastal road to Petit Saut, near Kourou, Km 4, 26 Oct blade; petioles (1.2) 1.7-2.4 cm long, (0.6) 1.3- 1991, Escobaret al. 9869 (UPRRP); Montagne de Kaw, 1.5 mm diam.; stipules not seen. Peduncles 31 Oct 1991, Escobar& Feuillet9914 (UPRRP); Pic du paired or grouped in fascicles,10-13 mm long, Grand Croissant,9 Dec 1984, Feullet 1322 (CAY); Kaw 0.8-0.9 mm diam., bracts linear, 1.3 mm long, Mountain, Degrad Lalanne, 52?4'33"N, 21 Mar 1986, 0.3 mm wide, yellow-brown. Flowers ca. 6 cm Feuillet3606 (CAY); Route de 1' Est, PK 42, 18 Mar long,ca. 4 cm diam.,borne erect,greenish-white; 1982, Fournet157 (CAY); forestnear St. Georges de floralstipe 4-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm diam., glau- l'Oyapock, 18 Mar 1981,Prevost & Grenand2055 (CAY); cous; hypanthiumcylindrical, ca. 9 mm long, 6 Saul, Monts L Fumee, 17 Oct 1982, Pranceet al. 15108 sepals oblong, ca. 2 cm long, (CAY); Fleuve Approuague, RiviereArataye, Saut Par- mmwide (pressed); ar6, 10 Aug 1977, Sastre5575 (CAY); Montagne des ca. 7 mm wide, subcoriaceous, greenish-white; Singes a Kourou, 13 Oct 1984, Sauvain M. S. 194 (3) petals oblong, subequal to sepals, ca. 6 mmwide, (CAY). delicately membranaceous,white; corona in 4 GUYANA. Groete Creek, Essequibo River, 17 Feb series, filamentous, yellow; the outer series 1944, ForestDepartment of BritishGuiana 4454 (K). wavy, ca. 3 cm long, with filamentsslightly the second series This spectacular species is found in lowland dilated to 0.4 mmwide at apex; mm dilated to ca. 0.7 mm at apex; forestof Guyana and French Guiana at 200-750 ca. 5 long, mm ca. 0.2 mm wide, meterselevation. It differsfrom the mostsimilar the thirdseries ca. 3 long, at base; the innerseries ca. 2.5 mm long, species, Passifiorafuchsiifiora Hemsley, by its reddish mm reddish at apex; operculum stronglycoriaceous pink flowerswith a fleshy, ca. 0.1 wide, above apex of hypanthium,ca. triangular,yellow outer corona. erect, exserted 1 cm long, reddish; ovary ovoid, ca. 3.6 mm long, ca. 2.1 mm wide, densely pubescent,with 2. Passiflora callistemma L. Escobar sp. nov. flattened,transparent, reddish trichomesto 0.2 (Fig. 2)-TYPE: Colombia. Bolivar,Morales, mm long; styles slender, 6.2 mm long, 0.8 mm cerros rocosos, calcareos, ca. 80 m alt., 22 wide, pubescent. Fruitsunknown. Apr 1966, E. Forero& R. 487 (ho- jaramillo Passifloracallistemma is known only fromthe lotype, COL!; isotype,COL!). type specimen collected in semi-arid north- Passifloraovatae Martin ex DC. similis oper- westernColombia growing on rockycalcareous culo florisexserto rubello et filamentiscoronae soils. It most closely resemblesP. ovata Masters tenuibus sed hypanthiotubulari et inflorescen- by virtue of the exserted,reddish floral oper- tia caulifloradiffert. culum and slender coronal filaments.It differs Liana with concentricrings of secondary xy- from that species by the tubular hypanthium lem and weak tendrils. Young stems reddish and cauliflorousinflorescence.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PASSIFLORA SUBG. ASTROPHEA

Foliar nectaries at apex of petiole, below margin of leaf blade. 2. Flowers cauliflorous;sepals and petals usually white or whitish;sepals mostlylonger than or equal to hypanthium. 3. Floral hypanthiumcylindrical, more than 1 cm long, or if less than 1 cm long, corona in more than 3 series; operculum erect, tubular around gynophore, reaching apex of hypanthium except in P. quelchii. 4. Leaf blades membranaceous. 5. Flowers (including sepals) less than 3 cm long; hypanthiumca. 10 mm long; operculum 2.6-5.0 mm long. French Guiana ...... P. plumosa