Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Some Other Invertebrates from the Managed Nature Reserves “Dolna Topchiya”
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ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2017, Vol. 9, Issue 1 June 2017 pp. 63-77 Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Some Other Invertebrates from the Managed Nature Reserves “Dolna Topchiya” and “Balabana” (Lower Valley of the River of Tundzha, Bulgaria) Teodora M. Teofilova* Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, BULGARIA * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. The invertebrate fauna of the “Balabana” and “Dolna Topchiya” managed nature reserves is studied, with particular consideration to the ground beetles. The area of study is interesting from a biological point of view, as the Tundzha River constitutes a corridor of penetration of southern and thermophilic elements. On the other hand, the specifics of the territory predetermine the presence of many typically forest and some mountain species, as well as a lot of inhabitants of open biotopes, in particular – steppe forms. During the study, altogether 2041 specimens of carabid beetles belonging to 88 species are captured, as well as 76 other invertebrate species, some of which are with a conservation significance – new, endemic, rare, protected or endangered. Forty-six carabid species are reported for the first time for the Sakar-Tundzha region. Ground beetles are characterized and classified according to their zoogeographical belonging and the life forms they refer to. Key words: Carabidae, invertebrates, “Balabana”, “Dolna Topchiya”, Tundzha River, Bulgaria. Introduction state of the environment and as economic The investigation of the biota of the biological agents can be successful only if a protected natural areas is an important sufficient amount of information about their component of their functioning and allows structure and functioning in the different the assessment of the value of the given habitats is available. This fact underlines the territory and its representativeness as a need for further studies, especially at repository for the gene pool of the particular regional and national levels, and also ecosystems. The work concerning the emphasizes the importance of this study. invertebrates at European level lies in the Up to this point only partial and principles of Natura 2000 and consists in insufficient investigations on the monitoring and conservation of a number of invertebrate fauna in the territory of the species and, on the other hand, those “Balabana” and “Dolna Topchiya” managed animals are used as indicator group in the nature reserves have been conducted. monitoring programs of the targeted Complete and profound studies are lacking, habitats. which premises the aim of the present Efforts in protecting the communities of research. The main objective of the study is invertebrates as potential indicators for the to determine the species composition of © Ecologia Balkanica Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv http://eb.bio.uni-plovdiv.bg University of Plovdiv Publishing House Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Some Other Invertebrates from the Managed ... Carabidae, existing in the research area. The (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are known so far study will be a preliminary step in order to (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV 1995). A large detect the Coleoptera fauna of the Lower part of them are typical hygrophilous and valley of the Tundzha River, where this mesophilous forms, attached to coastal and group is poorly studied. The additional forest habitats (mostly representatives of the notes about the other established genera Bembidion, Chlaenius, Agonum, invertebrates supplement the faunistic Carabus, etc.). knowledge about the region. Material and Methods Study area. “Balabana” and “Dolna Topchiya” managed nature reserves are situated in south-eastern Bulgaria, near the town of Elhovo, along the Lower valley of the river of Tundzha (Fig. 1). The reserves are under the jurisdiction of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water – Stara Zagora. The coordinates of the considered reserves’ centers are: 42˚08’48’’N, 26˚32’23’’E (average altitude 104 m a.s.l.) for “Balabana” and 42˚12’07’’N, 26˚33’58’’E (average altitude 107 m a.s.l.) for “Dolna Topchiya”. Geographical location, climate features and natural landscapes in the region are a prerequisite for the great faunistic diversity. The combination of relatively high annual average temperatures with high humidity predetermines the shaping of longose habitats with high conservation significance along the banks of the river. The valley of the Tundzha River in turn represents an original corridor for the penetration of some Mediterranean and Neareastern Fig. 1. Map of the location of the two invertebrate species. Weak exploration work reserves. in the area, however, does not allow the evaluation of its conservational value and Field work and determination of the the degree of the influence of the human material. Field work was carried out in the factors. The territory of the two reserves periods: 8 – 12 May, 9 – 14 June and 1 – 5 includes variety of natural habitats, September 2014. It included: 1) transect maintaining diverse animal species method with observations in situ or composition and faunistic complexes collection of material; 2) stationary method (TEOFILOVA et al., 2016). with „pitfall“ traps made of plastic bottles, The area has not been subjected to buried at the level of the ground surface, detailed faunistic investigations. The lack of with a 4% solution of formaldehyde as a reliable faunistic studies impedes the overall fixation fluid; this method is suitable for assessment of the species abundance, size of ecological research on adult beetles, and the populations, nature of their spatial mainly reflects their activity (LÖVEI & distribution, biodiversity and extent of SUNDERLAND, 1996); there are no reasonable anthropogenic impact. alternatives to this type of traps in the study For the whole Tundzha-Sakar region of epigeic arthropod communities (SPENCE & around 80 species of ground beetles NIEMELA, 1994); it is considered that the 64 Teodora M. Teofilova application of this method allows were separated in zoogeographical approximately 95% of the species active in categories and faunal types according to radius of 50 m around the traps to be caught VIGNA TAGLIANTI et al. (1999) with some (BAARS & VAN DIJK, 1984); 3) handpicking changes (KODZHABASHEV & PENEV, 2006): I. and shaking of branches, capturing with a Northern Holarctic and Euro-Siberian faunal standard entomological sack; 4) collection of type: OLA – Holarctic; PAL – Palaearctic; W- standard hydrobiological samples (ISO PAL – Western Palaearctic; E-SI – 10870, 2012) for determining the taxonomic Eurosiberian; E-WSI – Euro-Westsiberian. II. composition of the benthic fauna in the European faunal type: EUR – European; E- Tundzha River and the channel Dipsiza. PAS – European-Neareastern; CE-PAS – Sampling areas in the “Balabana” Central European and Neareastern; CE-E – Reserve were three: (I) Mesophilous oak Central and Eastern European; BAL-K – (Quercus spp.) forest (12 traps); (II) Open Balkan-Carpathian. III. Euroasiatic faunal type: habitat – meadow (8 traps); (III) Humid E-AS – Euroasiatic steppe complex; E-CAS – coastal forest with dominant tree species European and Central Asian; B-CAS – from the genera Ulmus and Fraxinus (11 Balkan and Central Asian; B-PAS – Balkan- traps). Sampling areas in the “Dolna Neareastern (+ Balkan-Anatolian). IV. Topchiya” Reserve were also three: (I) Open Mediterranean (sensu lato) faunal type (species habitat – meadow (6 traps); (II) Ecotone (8 of the Ancient Mediterraneum): E-CA-M – traps); (III) Humid coastal forest with European-Centralasian-Mediterranean; E- dominant tree species from the genera PA-M – European-Neareastern-Mediterra- Ulmus and Fraxinus (11 traps). nean; CA-MED – Mediterranean- Captured animals were determined Centralasian; MED-PA – Mediterranean- with the help of several main literary Neareastern; MED – Mediterranean; E- sources (BEI-BIENKO, 1965; HŮRKA, 1996; MED – Eastmediterranean; NMED – HARDE, 2000; MARINOV et al., 2000; REITTER, Northmediterranean; NM-CAS – 2006; PEHLIVANOV et al., 2010; ARNDT et al., Northmediterranean-Centralasian. V. Ende- 2011; STERI, 2000; Kryzhanovskij, 2017, mic complex: BAL - Balkan endemic. unpublished data), and with the kind Categorization of the species in respect assistance of relevant specialists in the of their life forms follows the classification individual groups of invertebrates: of SHAROVA (1981). The following codes Lyubomira Lyubomirova (aquatic were used: Life form class 1. Zoophagous. Life invertebrates; Sofia University, Sofia), Dr. form subclass: 1.2 – Epigeobios; 1.3 – Dragan Chobanov (Orthoptera), Dr. Toshko Stratobios;. 1.4 – Geobios. Life form groups: Ljubomirov (Hymenoptera) (Institute of 1.2.2 – large walking epigeobionts; 1.2.2(1) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research – large walking dendroepigeobionts; 1.2.3 – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia), Dr. running epigeobionts; 1.2.4 – flying Nikolay Kodzhabashev (Forestry University, epigeobionts; 1.3(1) – series crevice-dwelling Sofia) and Dr. Mihail Danilevskiy stratobionts; 1.3(1).1 – surface & litter- (Cerambycidae; Institute of Ecology and dwelling; 1.3(1).2 – litter-dwelling; 1.3(1).3 – Evolution – Russian Academy of Sciences, litter & crevice-dwelling; 1.3(2) – series Moscow). digging stratobionts; 1.3(2).1 – litter & soil- Materials are deposited in the dwelling; 1.4.2(1) – small digging geobionts; collections of the Institute of Biodiversity 1.4.2(2) – large digging geobionts.