Projects, Publications, and Meetings of the Academy

Home , Albert Carnesale, Broad Institute, Carl Pforzheimer, Eliza Griswold, Huda Zoghbi, James Duderstadt

2018 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD With Appreciation . . .

Academy projects, publications, and meetings are supported by gifts and grants from Members, friends, foundations, corporations, Affiliates, and other funding agencies. The Academy expresses its deep appreciation for this support and to the many Members who contribute to its work.

Published by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, September 2018 CONTENTS

From the President 3 Projects, Publications & Meetings AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD Overview 4 Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship 5 Making Justice Accessible 9 EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE Overview 11 Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education 12 GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Overview 20 New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War 21 Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses 25 The Global Nuclear Future 34 Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age 37 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY Overview 40 The Public Face of Science 41 The Alternative Energy Future 46 Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships 50 THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE Overview 55 Commission on Language Learning 56 The Humanities Indicators 57 Commission on the Arts 60

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 64 LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES 70 MEMBER EVENTS 73 AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 88 Academy Leadership 91

FROM THE PRESIDENT

cademy projects and publications address issues critical to our country and Athe wider world. Over a 239-year history, we have earned the public’s trust as an independent, non- partisan institution dedicated to applying evidence to policy and engaging civil discourse. We honor this trust by ensuring that our work has impact and that it is effective in advancing the public good–by fostering scholarship, offering advice and recommendations about matters of public interest, and providing a neutral forum for the discussion of important and new ideas. The Academy has increased its efforts to follow up on the recommendations of its commission and project reports. With support from Morton Mandel and the Jack, Joseph & Morton Mandel Foundation, we have added a staff position dedicated to tracking the impact and influence of the Academy’s work. You will notice we have given more attention to follow-up activities in this publication. We hope that Members of the Academy will support the recommendations of the Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education, the Commission on Language Learn- ing, and forthcoming work on building public trust in science, improving the legal services system, and strengthening the preparation for citizenship in our democracy. The pages that follow document an increasing connection between the substan- tive work of Academy projects and publications and meetings of Members around the country. Our Members provide their expertise, write for our publications, participate in project meetings, and connect us to partner organizations and broader audiences. And it is through their efforts that our projects make a difference. In a 1944 address on “The Future of the Academy,” Academy President Howard Mumford Jones stated: “I believe it to be true that neither the President, nor the Council, nor the whole administrative body of the organization taken together, can work out a destiny worthy of our [ideals] unless the lively and continuing interest of a great majority of the fellows is awakened.” This volume is a record of the many ways in which the “lively and continuing interest” of our Fellows has been awakened–and put to good use. As always, I welcome your thoughts about the Academy’s projects and publications, and your suggestions for maintaining and improving their reach and impact. American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good

ince its founding, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences has worked to Spromote a “strong and virtuous” nation. Today this effort involves projects designed to advance the state of scholarship about the nation’s institutions and to develop innovative solutions to challenges facing American society. Projects in this area interpret the term “institution” broadly, focusing on all of the constituent el- ements of government and civil society. These projects seek to examine the impact of institutions on broad sectors of American society. They address how individual citizens interact with social structures, how these experiences prepare people to make a positive contribution to a diverse America, and how these institutions are changing and might operate differently in the twenty-first century. The Acade- my shares this research through publications, conferences, and active outreach to Members, policy-makers, and the public at large.

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AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD Program Advisory Group

Danielle Allen Lee Epstein Antonia Hernández Frances McCall Rosenbluth Harvard University Washington University California Community Yale University in St. Louis Foundation Thomas Bender James Stone New York University Susan Hanson William Poorvu Plymouth Rock Assurance Clark University Harvard Business School Corporation Alan Dachs The Fremont Group Kenneth Prewitt Columbia University

PROJECT COMMISSION ON THE PRACTICE OF DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP

The Academy was founded to serve as a resource to the citizens The Commission plans to hold four or five meetings over the and leaders of a new nation, promoting the spread of useful course of two years. These meetings will explore the areas knowledge. described above, as well as lead to at least two publications. The first will be a primer on current data on civic engage- The founders of the Academy and the country recognized that ment. The second will be the Commission’s final report with the engagement of a well-informed citizenry was essential to the recommendations for how schools, nonprofit organizations, future of the democracy. However, both the nation’s citizenry religious institutions, business, and government can help and the world it inhabits have changed and, as a result, it is nec- Americans develop the skills and values that will lead to a life- essary to re-examine our ideas of what defines a “good citizen.” time of engaged citizenship. The Commission will also pro- duce a set of online indicators of civic engagement that will The Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship be maintained over time and can serve as a resource for those has a single aim: to enable more Americans to obtain the interested in questions related to civic engagement. values, knowledge, and skills needed for participation in a democratic society. The Commission will create a working The Academy plans to make use of its Local Program Com- definition of effective citizenship, compile data on current mittees to help discuss the ongoing work of the Commission, practices, identify the factors that impede or advance civic gather insight and recommendations from leaders across the engagement, highlight promising local initiatives around the country, and disseminate the Commission’s work to diverse country, and make recommendations for action that commu- audiences. The Commission will also hold a series of round- nities can implement. The Commission’s work will be ani- table discussions and other conversations across the country, mated by four broad questions: in both rural and urban areas, to gain a better understanding of what engaged citizenship looks like and to learn about suc- 1) What are the primary points of citizens’ interaction with cessful efforts to cultivate civic engagement. Ultimately, the the institutions of civil society, and what determines their Commission will lay out a plan of action for encouraging civic level of civic participation? engagement. These recommendations will be rooted in the 2) Which forms of engagement best exemplify and help indi- belief that affording opportunities for the practice of demo- viduals develop the practices of effective citizenship? cratic citizenship are just as important as classroom education in civics, and that such recommendations should approach 3) How will these practices change as the demographic com- good citizenship as a set of habits and skills acquired over a position of the nation changes? lifetime rather than as a body of knowledge. 4) How have technological and media transformations altered opportunities for and the experience of civic engagement?

AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD 5 American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good

COMMISSION ON THE PRACTICE OF DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP, continued

Commission Chairs Dee Davis Yuval Levin Marcelo Suárez-Orozco Center for Rural Strategies National Affairs University of California, Danielle Allen Los Angeles Harvard University Jonathan F. Fanton Carolyn Lukensmeyer American Academy of Arts National Institute for Civil Ben Vinson Stephen Heintz and Sciences Discourse George Washington University Rockefeller Brothers Fund Sam Gill Martha McCoy Diane P. Wood Eric Liu John S. and James L. Knight Everyday Democracy U.S. Court of Appeals, Citizen University; Aspen Institute Foundation Seventh Circuit Citizenship and American Identity Lynn Nottage Program Marie Griffith Columbia University Judy Woodruff Washington University PBS NewsHour Steven Olikara in St. Louis Commission Members Millennial Action Project Ethan Zuckerman Sayu Bhojwani Hahrie Han Center for Civic Media, Norman Ornstein The New American Leaders University of California, Massachusetts Institute American Enterprise Institute Project Santa Barbara of Technology Bob Peck Danah Boyd Antonia Hernández FPR Partners Project Staff Data & Society California Community Foundation Pete Peterson Paul Erickson Philip Bredesen Pepperdine University former Governor of Tennessee Wallace Jefferson Gabriela Farrell Alexander Dubose Jefferson & Alejandro Portes Caroline Brettell Julian Kronick Townsend University of Miami Southern Methodist University Natoschia Scruggs Joseph Kahne Miles Rapoport David Brooks University of California, Riverside Harvard University The New York Times Funder Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg Michael Schudson Lisa Conn Center for Information & Columbia University S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation Facebook Research on Civic Learning and Sterling Speirn Alan Dachs Engagement, Tufts University National Conference on Fremont Group Citizenship

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PROJECT MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON THE PRACTICE OF DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP Citizenship in a Global Digital Era Democratic Citizenship and Civic Engagement October 25, 2017 Stanford University October 26, 2017 Stanford, CA James Irvine Foundation San Francisco, CA Academy Members and staff gathered with leaders of social media campaigns to learn about new forms of online civic The Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation hosted a roundta- engagement and how they connect to different aspects of ble discussion for Academy Members, foundation staff, and political engagement. guests on the varied dimensions of civic engagement in an increasingly diverse nation. Panelists Matt Mahan Brigade Thomas Ehrlich Brittan Heller Panelists Stanford University Anti-Defamation League Adrian Reyna Deborah Cullinan United We Dream Yerba Buena Center for the Arts Joseph Kahne University of California, Riverside

Meeting of the Commission

April 2–3, 2018 American Academy Cambridge, MA

The first meeting of the Commission on the Practice of Dem- civic engagement, filling gaps in representation on the Com- ocratic Citizenship provided an opportunity for the Chairs mission, and discussing the intended outcomes and outreach and Commissioners to discuss several key questions before for the work. The meeting ended with a solid plan for further- the Commission moved forward in its work. These items ing the Commission’s work. included the group’s working definitions of citizenship and

Workshop Chairs Philip Bredesen Jonathan F. Fanton Joseph Kahne former Governor of Tennessee American Academy of Arts University of California, Riverside Danielle Allen and Sciences Harvard University Caroline Brettell Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg Southern Methodist University Sam Gill Center for Information & Stephen Heintz John S. and James L. Knight Research on Civic Learning and Rockefeller Brothers Fund David Brooks Foundation Engagement, Tufts University The New York Times Eric Liu Hahrie Han Julian Kronick Citizen University; Aspen Institute Alan Dachs University of California, American Academy of Arts Citizenship and American Identity Fremont Group Santa Barbara and Sciences Program Dee Davis Antonia Hernández Yuval Levin Center for Rural Strategies Participants California Community National Affairs Paul Erickson Foundation Sayu Bhojwani Carolyn Lukensmeyer American Academy of Arts The New American Leaders Wallace Jefferson National Institute for and Sciences Project Alexander Dubose Jefferson & Civil Discourse Townsend

AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD 7 American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good

MEETING OF THE COMMISSION, continued

Martha McCoy Pete Peterson Sterling Speirn Diane P. Wood Everyday Democracy Pepperdine University National Conference on U.S. Court of Appeals, Citizenship Seventh Circuit Steven Olikara Miles Rapoport Millennial Action Project Harvard University Robert Townsend Ethan Zuckerman American Academy of Arts Center for Civic Media, Norman Ornstein Michael Schudson and Sciences Massachusetts Institute American Enterprise Institute Columbia University of Technology Ben Vinson Bob Peck Natoschia Scruggs George Washington University FPR Partners American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Danielle Allen, Eric Liu, and Stephen Heintz

Norman Ornstein and Philip Bredesen

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PROJECT MAKING JUSTICE ACCESSIBLE

On November 11–12, 2015, the American Academy hosted a future policy shifts. The group might also propose methods for symposium on the state of legal services for low-income Amer- future data collection and identify one or two communities that icans. Symposium participants–including federal and state may be suitable subjects of new data-collection pilot programs. judges, legal scholars, and social scientists–agreed that the legal community does not have enough reliable and accessible Dædalus data to be able to address adequately the scope and variety of An issue of Dædalus on “Access to Justice,” to be published in the crisis in legal services. The participants also agreed that the Spring 2019, will be organized around three topics: Delivery, American Academy, with its diverse membership and its his- Interests, and the Meaning of Access to Justice. The volume will tory of data collection projects in the humanities, could con- explore the importance of civil legal aid and representation to tinue to be a valuable partner by organizing an issue of Dædalus the American justice system and the rule of law. Drawing from on the topic, creating a research agenda for future data-collec- multiple disciplines within legal scholarship, the collection will tion efforts on unrepresented civil litigants, and curating solu- shed light on what access to justice really means, enumerate the tions piloted around the country in order to advance a set of multiple parties and interests with a stake in equal access to civil clear, national recommendations for closing the justice gap. justice, and educate the broader public about current efforts to deliver quality civil legal representation. Data Collection and Legal Services for Low-Income Americans Designing Legal Services for the 21st Century Currently, data on unrepresented civil litigants is hard to find, This phase of the project will provide a national overview of incomplete, and inconsistent. Collection and reporting require- the challenges in legal services by focusing on three of the most ments vary from state to state, jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and common categories of civil legal problems: family, housing, even court to court. The first phase of the project will therefore and health care. By addressing these issues in detail, as case identify, to the degree possible, all of the potential sources of studies within the larger context of legal services, the project existing data on legal services and unrepresented civil litigation will identify practical recommendations to address challenges nationwide. After an initial survey to gauge the availability and specific to particular court systems as well solutions to prob- structure of existing data, the Academy will convene a group lems that are common across the civil legal spectrum. of subject-area experts to identify research questions that are currently answerable given the available data, and discuss how The project’s final report will provide actionable steps that best to aggregate it for use by researchers. could be pursued by the variety of communities reflected in the Academy’s membership, including business, the profes- Once the available data have been identified, the Academy will sions, the media, and academia. The report will help to devise convene a group of legal scholars, social scientists, and other benchmarks of progress that will indicate whether outcomes experts to assess the information and discuss what more can be for individuals are improving–perhaps focusing on data like the done with the currently available resources. Study participants number of low-income Americans who are receiving the advice will propose questions for further analysis and specify which data and assistance they need, the number who seek assistance, and will need to be collected in order to advance discussions about the number of would-be litigants who resolve their issues with- civil legal aid and pro se litigation, and to inform debates about out initiating legal proceedings.

Project Chairs for Data Planning Committee for Lance Liebman James Sandman Collection and Legal Designing Legal Services Columbia Law School Legal Services Corporation Services for Low-Income for the 21st Century Martha Minow Diane P. Wood Americans David F. Levi Harvard University U.S. Court of Appeals, Mark Hansen American Law Institute Seventh Circuit Rebecca Sandefur University of Chicago John G. Levi University of Illinois at Rebecca Sandefur Legal Services Corporation; Urbana-Champaign Funder University of Illinois at Sidley Austin LLP David M. Rubenstein Urbana-Champaign Enhancement Fund

AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD 9 American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ MAKING JUSTICE ACCESSIBLE

Legal Services Planning Committee Meeting

February 8, 2018 American Academy Cambridge, MA

The planning committee met to discuss the current state of the basis of the Academy’s work on Designing Legal Services for Academy’s projects in legal services and to begin ideating on the 21st Century. further work. The discussions from this meeting formed the

Participants John G. Levi Rebecca Sandefur John Tessitore Legal Services Corporation; University of Illinois at American Academy of Arts Jonathan F. Fanton Sidley Austin LLP Urbana-Champaign and Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences Lance Liebman James Sandman Diane P. Wood Columbia Law School Legal Services Corporation U.S. Court of Appeals, David F. Levi Seventh Circuit Duke Law School; Martha Minow American Law Institute Harvard Law School

Making Justice Accessible: Data Collection and Legal Services for Low-Income Americans

June 26–27, 2018 American Academy Cambridge, MA

The project committee met to discuss the first phase of the and problems in the collection of that data, and what the data Legal Services data project, which includes the state of cur- tell researchers today. rently available data on unrepresented civil litigants, patterns

Workshop Chairs Tonya Brito Bonnie Rose Hough Shelley Spacek Miller University of Wisconsin Center for Families, Children & Research Division, National Rebecca Sandefur Law School the Courts, Judicial Council of Center for State Courts University of Illinois at California Urbana-Champaign Anna Carpenter Erika Rickard Lobeck-Taylor Community Natalie Knowlton A2J Lab, Harvard Law School Mark Hansen Advocacy Clinic, University Institute for the Advancement University of Chicago Tanina Rostain of Tulsa College of Law of the American Legal System, Center for the Study of the Legal University of Denver Participants Elizabeth Chambliss Profession, Georgetown University NMRS Center on Professionalism, James Lynch Law Center Catherine Albiston University of South Carolina Maryland Data Analysis Center, Betty Balli Torres University of California, School of Law University of Maryland Berkeley School of Law Texas Access to Justice Foundation April Faith-Slaker Carlos Manjarrez David Udell Katherine Alteneder A2J Lab, Harvard Law School Office of Data Governance National Center for Access Self-Represented Litigation and Analysis, Legal Services Margaret Hagan to Justice Network Corporation Stanford Legal Design Lab

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rojects in the Education and the Development of Knowledge program area P inform policy and practice in support of high-quality, lifetime educational opportunities for all Americans. The program area continues the Academy’s enduring focus on the vital role education and knowledge development play in our nation and in our world. From advancing equitable educational outcomes to le- veraging new developments in the learning sciences and digital technologies to questioning how domestic and international scholarly work may be affected by advances in machine learning, the Education and the Development of Knowledge program area–through commissions, projects, convenings, and publications– draws upon scholars and practitioners from various fields and disciplines to explore the conditions that foster the creation, transfer, and preservation of knowledge in a global context.

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 11 Education and the Development of Knowledge

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE Program Advisory Committee

Lawrence Bacow Howard Gardner Kathleen McCartney Paul Sagan Harvard University Harvard Graduate School Smith College Akamai Technologies of Education Deborah Ball Paula D. McClain Marcelo Suárez-Orozco University of Michigan David L. Lee Duke University University of California, Clarity Partners, LP Los Angeles Philip Bredesen Michael McPherson former Governor of Tennessee Richard Light formerly, Spencer Foundation Beverly Tatum Harvard Graduate School Spelman College Roland G. Fryer Arthur Rock of Education Harvard University Arthur Rock & Company

PROJECT COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION

Following two years of sustained deliberations grounded Following the release of the final report in Washington, D.C., in reviews of innovative practices, policies, and studies and the report was covered in The Chronicle of Higher Education and informed by meetings with state and federal policy-mak- Inside Higher Education; in a letter to the editor published in The ers, students and faculty members, and scores of experts New York Times; and in interviews with Commission members from around the country, the Commission on the Future of on nationally syndicated radio shows on stations wamu and Undergraduate Education released its final report–The Future wgbh. Cochair Roger Ferguson was also interviewed at length of Undergraduate Education, The Future of America–in late for The Wall Street Journal’s “The Future of: Education” event. November 2017. In the report, the Commission offers a comprehensive national strategy that encompasses three broad Commission members have discussed the report with aca- recommendations: demic leaders and policy-makers across the country, including with 21 Congressional offices; with the Department of Educa- 1) Ensure that all students have high-quality educational ex- tion; at the annual meetings of the Association of American periences; Colleges and Universities (aac&u) and the American Council 2) Increase overall completion rates and reduce inequities on Education (ace); at the Yale Higher Education Leadership among different student populations at every level of un- Summit; with the National Science Board; with the U.S. Senate dergraduate education; and Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions; at tiaa’s Annual Client Forum; at the Arizona State University + Global 3) Manage college costs and improve the affordability of un- Silicon Valley (asu+gsv) Summit; at the Kentucky Council dergraduate education. on Postsecondary Education’s Annual Student Success Sum- In the fourth and final section of the report, the Commis- mit; at the Fish Family Foundation; at the Andrew W. Mellon sion takes a more speculative approach, looking to the future Foundation; at the Enrollment Planning Network’s annual through the lens of several factors, including the country’s meeting; at the National Science Foundation Advisory Meet- level of social cohesion; the characteristics of the working; and at a Wisconsin-focused meeting hosted by University force; the level of access to information and educational of Wisconsin-Madison Chancellor Rebecca Blank. Other pre- technologies; and unforeseen natural or human-generated sentations and state-focused meetings are planned for the year global challenges. The report ends by suggesting topics for ahead. Additional content is also being developed to further further research as we work toward a strengthened and more discussions with various audiences, including report briefs affordable undergraduate education for a greater share of for state policy-makers and higher education institutions and Americans. a forthcoming issue of Dædalus on undergraduate education.

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COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION, continued

The full body of the Commission’s work seeks to elevate and at other organizations and institutions; and help lead toward influence the national dialogue about undergraduate educa- a series of changes over time. The Academy is grateful for Var- tion; bring attention to the priorities identified in the final tan Gregorian’s encouragement and for support from Carne- report; act in concert with and support the efforts underway gie Corporation of New York.

Commission Chairs Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. J. Michael Locke Sandy Baum Purdue University formerly, Rasmussen, Inc. Urban Institute Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. TIAA John J. DeGioia Monica Lozano Ronald G. Ehrenberg Georgetown University College Futures Foundation Cornell University Michael S. McPherson formerly, Spencer Foundation Jonathan F. Fanton Gail O. Mellow Bridget Terry Long American Academy of Arts LaGuardia Community College Harvard Graduate School and Sciences of Education Commission Members Diana Natalicio Joseph E. Aoun Robert Hormats University of Texas at El Paso Judith Scott-Clayton Northeastern University Kissinger Associates; formerly, Teachers College, Hilary Pennington U.S. Department of State Columbia University Deborah Loewenberg Ball Ford Foundation University of Michigan Freeman A. Hrabowski III Beverly Daniel Tatum University of Maryland, Project Staff Sandy Baum Spelman College Baltimore County Francesca Purcell Urban Institute Shirley M. Tilghman Jennifer L. Jennings Natoschia Scruggs Princeton University Rebecca M. Blank New York University University of Wisconsin-Madison Beth Niegelsky Michelle Weise Jeremy Johnson John Seely Brown Strada Education Network Andela Funder formerly, Xerox PARC Research Sherry Lansing Data Advisory Group Carnegie Corporation Wesley G. Bush Sherry Lansing Foundation Members of New York Northrop Grumman Nicholas Lemann Tom Bailey Carl A. Cohn Columbia University Graduate Teachers College, California Collaborative for School of Journalism Columbia University Educational Excellence

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION

A Primer on the College Student Journey (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

The Complex Universe of Alternative Postsecondary Credentials and Pathways, Jessie Brown and Martin Kurzweil, Ithaka S+R (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

Undergraduate Financial Aid in the United States, Judith Scott-Clayton, Columbia University (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 13 Education and the Development of Knowledge

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS, continued

The Economic Impact of Increasing College Completion, Sophia Koropeckyj, Chris Lafakis, and Adam Ozimek, Moody’s Analytics; Foreword by Michael S. McPherson (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

Policies and Practices to Support Undergraduate Teaching Improvement, Aaron Pallas, Anna Neumann, and Corbin Campbell (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

The Future of Undergraduate Education, The Future of America (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION Higher Expectations, Priorities for Progress: Advancing Higher Education Higher Education in America

September 26, 2017 October 26, 2017 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of California, Berkeley Chapel Hill, NC Berkeley, CA

Commission Cochair Michael McPherson (formerly, Spen- The Academy hosted a Stated Meeting at the University of Cal- cer Foundation) spoke on the topics of accountability, acces- ifornia, Berkeley on “Priorities for Progress: Advancing Higher sibility, and affordability in higher education at the “Higher Education in America.” The meeting featured remarks about Expectations, Higher Education” conference at the Univer- higher education and the Academy’s work on The Lincoln sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This conference brought Project: Excellence and Access in Public Higher Education together educators from around the country to discuss the and The Future of Undergraduate Education, The Future of America status of higher education since the release of the Spellings from Commission Cochair Michael McPherson (formerly, Commission report in 2006. Spencer Foundation), Commission member Monica Lozano (College Futures Foundation), Lincoln Project Cochair Rob- ert J. Birgeneau (University of California, Berkeley), and Bob Member Reception Jacobsen (University of California, Berkeley).

September 26, 2017 Duke University Durham, NC

Chair of the Academy’s Board of Directors Nancy C. Andrews (Duke University) welcomed Academy Members to a reception at Duke University, which featured remarks about the future of undergraduate education from Commission Cochair Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation).

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Jonathan Fanton, Michael McPherson, Monica Lozano, Bob Jacobsen, and Robert Birgeneau

From Enrollment to Excellence: New Opportunities for American Undergraduate Education

November 28, 2017 Century Association New York, NY

The 2063rd Stated Meeting, held in New York, focused on new the nation. The featured speakers included Vartan Gregorian opportunities for U.S. undergraduate education. The meet- (Carnegie Corporation of New York), Michael McPherson ing, which served as the Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture, (formerly, Spencer Foundation), Nicholas Lemann (Colum- provided an opportunity for Members to hear from several bia University), and Gail Mellow (LaGuardia Community Commissioners, share opinions, and discuss how we can real- College). Diana Natalicio (University of Texas at El Paso) ize the promise of undergraduate education for students and offered remarks at the dinner following the meeting.

Vartan Gregorian, Nicholas Lemann, Gail Mellow, and Michael McPherson

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 15 Education and the Development of Knowledge

Release of the Commission’s Final Report: The Future of Undergraduate Education, The Future of America

November 28–30, 2017 Washington, D.C.

Official Release and Public Symposium Mary Sue Coleman (Association of American Universities), At a meeting held at the National Press Club, the Commission Peter McPherson (Association of Public and Land-grant Uni- on the Future of Undergraduate Education released its final versities), Mary Heiss (American Association of Community report. Commission Cochairs Roger Ferguson, Jr. (tiaa) Colleges), Tammy Reichelt (American Association of Com- and Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) and munity Colleges), George Mehaffy (American Association Commission members Jonathan F. Fanton (American Acad- of State Colleges and Universities), Richard Ekman (Council emy of Arts and Sciences), John DeGioia (Georgetown Uni- of Independent Colleges), David L. Warren (National Asso- versity), Mitchell Daniels (Purdue University), and Deborah ciation of Independent Colleges and Universities), Terrell Loewenberg Ball (University of Michigan) discussed the main Rhodes (Association of American Colleges and Universities), themes and recommendations contained in the report, which and Josh Wyner (The Aspen Institute). Celeste Ford (Carne- focus on the quality of the student educational experience, gie Corporation of New York) also joined the group. increasing completion rates, and improving affordability. Congressional Meetings Meetings with National Higher Education Commission members Jonathan F. Fanton (American Acad- Organizations emy of Arts and Sciences), Jennifer Jennings (Princeton Uni- Commission Cochairs Roger Ferguson, Jr. (tiaa) and versity), J. Michael Locke (formerly, Rasmussen), Deborah Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) and Ball (University of Michigan), Sandy Baum (Urban Institute), Commission members Jonathan F. Fanton (American Acad- Rebecca Blank (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Jeremy emy of Arts and Sciences), Deborah Ball (University of Mich- Johnson (Andela), Nicholas Lemann (Columbia University), igan), Jennifer Jennings (Princeton University), Jeremy Michelle Weise (Strada Education Network), and Hilary Johnson (Andela), Nicholas Lemann (Columbia Univer- Pennington (Ford Foundation) met with twenty-one mem- sity), J. Michael Locke (formerly, Rasmussen), Gail Mellow bers of Congress and/or their key legislative advisors to dis- (LaGuardia Community College), Hilary Pennington (Ford cuss the report’s recommendations, such as simplifying the Foundation), and Michelle Weise (Strada Education Network) fafsa-based student aid application process, refocusing the met with leaders from several national higher education orga- Pell Grant Program to focus on completion, and designing a nizations and discussed initiatives taking place to strengthen single income-driven repayment plan in which students are undergraduate education. The Commissioners met with automatically enrolled.

Mitchell Daniels, Roger Ferguson, Jr., Michael McPherson, Deborah Ball, and John DeGioia

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RELEASE OF THE COMMISSION’S FINAL REPORT, continued

White House Visit Commission Cochairs Roger Ferguson, Jr. (tiaa) and Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) and Commission members Jonathan F. Fanton (American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences) and Sandy Baum (Urban Institute) met with Jim Manning, Acting Under Secretary of Education, to discuss the report and relevant policy recommendations around college affordability, access, and completion.

Washington, D.C. Program Committee Reception and Dinner The Washington, D.C. Program Committee, led by Steven Knapp (George Washington University), hosted a dinner for Academy Members and guests following the public release of The Future of Undergraduate Education, The Future of America. The Hilary Pennington, Senator Tammy Baldwin, and dinner featured remarks from Commission members Rebecca Rebecca Blank Blank (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Nicholas Lemann (Columbia University Graduate School of Journal- ism), and the discussion focused on how to realize the promise of undergraduate education for students and the nation.

Annual Meeting of the Association of Reauthorizing the Higher Education American Colleges and Universities Act: Improving College Affordability

January 25, 2018 February 6, 2018 Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

At the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Commission member Sandy Baum (Urban Institute) testified Colleges and Universities, Commission Cochair Michael before the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) spoke about how and Pensions on “Reauthorizing the Higher Education Act: colleges and universities can commit to making systematic Improving College Affordability.” She recommended that Con- changes to improve college teaching. gress should help make college more affordable for students and families by simplifying the aid application process, making Pell Grants more predictable and reliable, eliminating institu- Higher Education Summit tions with very poor outcomes from federal aid programs and holding institutions accountable for student success, providing January 30, 2018 better information and guidance for students, and improving Yale University the income-driven system for student-loan repayment. New Haven, CT

At the Yale School of Management’s Higher Education Sum- mit, Commission member Joseph Aoun (Northeastern Uni- versity) and Ron Pressman (tiaa Institutional Financial Services) discussed the final report, especially the blend of academic, practical, and civic knowledge and skills students need to be successful for careers and for life.

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 17 Education and the Development of Knowledge

Meeting of the National Science Board Boston-Area Members Discussion

February 21–22, 2018 April 19, 2018 Alexandria, VA Boston, MA

Commission members Sandy Baum (Urban Institute) and Lawrence K. Fish (Citizen’s Bank) hosted at the Fish Fam- Deborah Loewenberg Ball (University of Michigan) and ily Foundation a discussion for Boston-area Members on the program director Francesca Purcell (American Academy future of higher education, public perceptions of colleges and of Arts and Sciences) presented the Commission’s findings universities in a time of growing skepticism of American insti- on improving educational quality, increasing completion tutions, and the intersections between colleges and industry rates, and making college more affordable at a meeting of the in developing the country’s talent. David Oxtoby (Pomona National Science Board. College) presented opening remarks.

The Future of Undergraduate TIAA Annual Forum Education, The Future of Kentucky April 25, 2018 April 9–10, 2018 Scottsdale, AZ Louisville, KY The Commission’s final report set the stage fortiaa ’s Annual Commission Cochair Michael McPherson (formerly, Spen- Forum. Commission Cochairs Michael McPherson (for- cer Foundation) delivered the opening plenary at the Ken- merly, Spencer Foundation) and Roger Ferguson, Jr. (tiaa) tucky Council on Postsecondary Education’s Annual Student opened the three-day event, which celebrated tiaa’s 100- Success Summit and provided a comprehensive overview of year anniversary, with a panel that provided an overview of the final report. Commission memberSandy Baum (Urban the key themes from the report, as well as in-depth discussions Institute) led sessions on the question of “What does college focused on the Commission’s recommendations to improve affordability really mean?” The summit, entitled The Future college teaching and increase completion rates. The audi- of Undergraduate Education, The Future of Kentucky, was named ence included approximately 450 chief business and human after the Commission’s final report. resource officers from colleges and universities around the country. The Forum concluded with an executive roundtable session with college and university presidents that focused on The Future of Undergraduate how to work more effectively with state legislators as well as Education how to regain the public’s trust in higher education.

April 18, 2018 San Diego, CA The Future of Undergraduate Education Commission member J. Michael Locke (formerly, Rasmussen Inc.) moderated a panel at the annual asu + gsv Summit. May 22, 2018 The panel, entitled “The Future of Undergraduate Education,” South Bend, IN featured a debate on the role of postsecondary education and drew on topics highlighted in the Commission’s final report. Commission Cochair Michael McPherson (formerly, Spen- cer Foundation) delivered a keynote address on the future of undergraduate education at the annual meeting of the Enroll- ment Planning Network.

18 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Education and the Development of Knowledge

A Dialogue on the Future of Higher Education in Wisconsin

May 31, 2018 University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI

Rebecca Blank (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and the Academy hosted a statewide meeting with higher education, government, and business leaders from across Wisconsin that focused on how the higher education community in Wiscon- sin can best improve college access and completion for students from low-income families and how higher education can best respond to recent criticisms. Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) delivered opening remarks and along with Commission member Sandy Baum (Urban Institute) moderated the event.

National Conference of the Network of STEM Education Centers

June 6–8, 2018 Columbus, OH

Commission member Deborah Loewenberg Ball (Univer- sity of Michigan) delivered a keynote address at the national conference of the Network of stem Education Centers that highlighted the work of the Commission related to improving undergraduate stem teaching and teacher preparation on college campuses.

The AI Disruption of Work– Educational Responses

June 15, 2018 University of Wyoming Jackson Hole, WY

Commission member Joseph Aoun (Northeastern Univer- sity) spoke at The AI Disruption of Work–Educational Responses Summit about the influence of artificial intelligence both in education and in work and highlighted some of the findings from the Commission’s final report, especially the blend of academic, practical, and civic knowledge and skills students need to be successful in their careers and in their lives.

EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 19 Global Security and International Affairs

he Global Security and International Affairs program area draws on the exper- Ttise of policy-makers, practitioners, and scholars to foster knowledge and inform innovative and more sustainable policies to address critical issues affecting the global community. To achieve this goal, our projects engage with pressing strategic, development, and moral questions that underpin relations among people, communities, and states worldwide. Each of our initiatives embraces a broad conception of security as the interaction among human, national, and global security imperatives. Our recommendations seek to move beyond the idea of security as the absence of war toward higher aspirations of collective peace, development, and justice.

20 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Committee on International Security Studies

Committee Chair Christopher Chyba Rita Hauser Barry Posen Princeton University The Hauser Foundation Massachusetts Institute Scott D. Sagan of Technology Stanford University Karl Eikenberry Robert Legvold Stanford University Columbia University Adam Roberts University of Oxford Committee Members Tanisha Fazal Rose McDermott Nicholas Burns University of Minnesota Brown University Kathryn Sikkink Harvard University Harvard University Martha Finnemore Steven E. Miller Antonia Chayes George Washington University Harvard University Paul Wise Tufts University Stanford University

PROJECT NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR

The project on New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War the need to think of emerging technologies not only as explores the ethical and legal issues created by changes in mil- potential tools for warfare, but more importantly as tools itary technology and the evolving character of warfare. This both for the de-escalation of conflict and for peace. study follows from the observation that although technological innovations and political developments are altering the con- The project has produced two issues of Dædalus that, together ventional way in which warfare is conducted, efforts to align the with an extensive, ongoing outreach strategy, are influencing international legal framework with this evolving context have and shaping policy debates by identifying and disseminating lagged behind. The rise of nonstate actors and the deployment key lessons learned and policy recommendations that might of new military technology, such as drones and cyber weapons, be of value to policy-makers and military strategists. Through have eroded and undermined the ethical and legal fabric tradi- meetings and discussions, the project has engaged with more tionally provided by the International Law of Armed Conflict. than eight hundred students, scholars, and policy-makers, including Congressional staff in the United States as well as the One of the most notable impacts of this project has been in leadership from the un Department of Peacekeeping Opera- the policy realm, where the gap between law and policy con- tions, Department of Political Affairs, and High Commissioner tinues to widen, largely justified by national security concerns. for Refugees. Organizations ranging from the U.S. National The project has shed light on the nefarious consequences of Security Council and Office of the Secretary of the Air Force to delivering policies divorced from legal obligations and ethi- the un Department of Field Support have requested copies of cal considerations. Scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers the Dædalus issues or have distributed select essays internally. have found many of the project’s findings of particular inter- At least six universities and military staff colleges, including est. These include: Stanford University, Columbia University, the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, and the U.S. the principle of necessity in nuclear targeting, which Military Academy at West Point, have adopted the Dædalus would require the United States to pledge not to use nucle- volumes as part of their curriculum. ar weapons when a target can be destroyed using conven- tional capabilities; In addition, the project has initiated new discussions and fos- the inclusion of the indirect human costs of war–which tered collaborations with military academies as well as formed a usually far exceed the direct costs–in considerations of number of strong partnerships with international organizations. whether a proposed attack complies with the principles of proportionality; and

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 21 Global Security and International Affairs

NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR, continued

To complement the New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and the changing nature of conflict necessitates new approaches War project, the Academy established a new project on Civil from the international community. More information about Wars, Violence, and International Responses to explore how the Civil Wars project is available on page 25.

Project Chair Tanisha Fazal Janne Nolan Project Staff University of Minnesota George Washington University Scott D. Sagan Francesca Giovannini Stanford University Jennifer Leaning Barry Posen Kathryn Moffat Harvard University Massachusetts Institute Steering Committee of Technology Gilman Louie Funders Norman R. Augustine Alsop Louie Partners; Nancy Sherman Humanity United Lockheed Martin Corporation, ret. formerly, In-Q-Tel Georgetown University John D. and Catherine T. Lloyd Axworthy David Luban Michael Walzer MacArthur Foundation University of Waterloo; formerly, Georgetown University Institute for Advanced Study Department of Foreign Affairs, Mark Martins Jennifer Welsh The Rockefeller Foundation Trade, and Development, U.S. Army, Judge Advocate European University Institute Government of Canada General’s Corps James Ellis Aryeh Neier Stanford University; Institute of Paris School of International Nuclear Power Operations, ret.; Affairs of Sciences Po U.S. Navy, ret.

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR

“Ethics, Technology & War,” Dædalus (Fall 2016)

“The Changing Rules of War,” Dædalus (Winter 2017)

22 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ NEW DILEMMAS IN ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND WAR Briefings with International Waging Just Wars in the 21st Century? Organizations and NGOs September 2, 2017 July 5–7, 2017 San Francisco, CA Geneva, Switzerland The New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War project Project contributor Paul Wise shared the findings of his Dæda- convened a panel discussion during the 2017 Annual Meeting lus essay, which discusses how technology can help us better of the American Political Science Association. Selected Dæda- understand the full human costs of war, with representatives lus contributors discussed some of the ethical questions raised of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the by the use of new military technology, and explored whether a un Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the new normative and legal framework for warfare in the twenty- World Health Organization, the International Committee of first century is possible. the Red Cross, and Médecins San Frontières. Participants Michael C. Horowitz Kathryn Moffat University of Pennsylvania Participants Neta C. Crawford American Academy of Arts Paul Wise Boston University Scott D. Sagan and Sciences Stanford University Stanford University David Fidler Indiana University Michael Walzer Institute for Advanced Study Francesca Giovannini American Academy of Arts and Sciences

At the podium, Francesca Giovannini; seated, left to right: Neta Crawford, Michael Walzer, Scott Sagan, Michael Horowitz, and David Fidler

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 23 Global Security and International Affairs

Objects of Wonder: The Face of Battle without the Rules of War

December 5, 2017 Washington, D.C.

As part of a lecture series drawing on items in the National of the Little Bighorn–also known as Custer’s Last Stand– Museum of Natural History’s Objects of Wonder exhibition, vividly and candidly portrayed the unrestrained brutality of Scott Sagan delivered a lecture drawing on his Dædalus essay, the battle and its aftermath. Professor Sagan discussed how “The Face of Battle without the Rules of War: Lessons from this artwork not only helps us gain insight into what warfare Red Horse & the Battle of Little Bighorn.” In a series of draw- was like without the laws of armed conflict to constrain vio- ings now housed in the National Anthropological Archives lence, but also understand better contemporary warfare in the at the National Museum of Natural History, Red Horse, a age of fast-paced technology. Minneconjou Sioux warrior who fought at the 1876 Battle

Speakers Scott D. Sagan Jake Homiak Stanford University National Anthropological Archives

The Nuclear Posture Review, North Korea, and Nuclear Use

March 23, 2018 Washington, D.C.

The New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War project which was published in one of the issues of Dædalus produced convened a private, off-the-record discussion on Capitol Hill as part of the project. Janne Nolan (George Washington Uni- with Congressional staffers and other D.C.-based experts. versity), also a Dædalus contributor for the Ethics project, led Hosted in collaboration with the Nuclear Security Working the discussion that focused on the ethical and legal aspects of Group, the discussion featured General C. Robert Kehler considerations around nuclear use, challenges to stability and (usaf, ret.), former commander of United States Strategic nonproliferation, and the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. Command and author of “Nuclear Weapons & Nuclear Use,”

Speakers C. Robert Kehler U.S. Air Force, ret. Janne Nolan George Washington University

Janne Nolan and Robert Kehler listen to a question from the audience.

24 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

PROJECT CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES

The Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses project Project participants traveled to Nigeria in November 2017 and builds and expands on the work of the New Dilemmas in Eth- met with Nigerian and U.S. government officials, un repre- ics, Technology, and War project. Civil wars are endemic in the sentatives, and nongovernmental organization leaders, among international system and all historical ages have in some form others, to discuss early findings and develop policy recommen- borne the costs resulting from internal violence, weak state- dations. Several contributors participated in closed-door brief- hood, and ethnic and religious hatred. ings at the U.S. Department of Defense in January 2018 and met with the National Security Council in April 2018. Future out- The risks and threats associated with civil wars and state disor- reach activities will include meetings with government lead- der affect more than just the state in question; civil wars often ers, decision-makers, academics, heads of nongovernmental carry adverse consequences for regional and global stability. organizations, and journalists in Ethiopia and Colombia, The project has therefore identified six threats that emerge among other strategically chosen locations. These discussions from civil wars and intrastate violence: pandemic diseases, will help shape an occasional paper, to be published in early transnational terrorism, migration, regional instability, great 2019, that will be used to inform policy-makers in Washington, power conflict, and criminality. Some existing approaches, D.C., as well as the international community. such as the “standard treatment” model–meaning un peacekeeping plus some foreign assistance–have worked well, but Several departments within the United Nations and the U.S. only under very specific and often restrictive conditions. Other government as well as the United States Institute of Peace and more robust approaches, involving deep economic investments domestic and international academic institutions have con- and the presence of external actors and international organiza- sulted with the project participants and used the findings of tions, have drained already scarce international resources and the project to inform their work. For example, project mem- brought about limited results. bers participated in workshops with high and mid-level staff at the United Nations and were involved in conversations lead- The project has produced two issues of Dædalus that explore ing up to the publication of the 2017 Pathways to Peace report how civil wars and state disorder are situated currently in the released jointly by the World Bank and the United Nations. international system; highlight some of the most pressing Project contributors also engaged with experts from the World challenges emerging from civil wars and state disorder; pre- Health Organization on new methodologies for responding sent several case studies, such as the Western Balkans, Sri to civil wars and health issues. Military and civilian staff in Lanka, Colombia, and Ethiopia; and offer various policy the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the responses to civil wars, more generally. Department of Defense drew on the ideas and expertise of the project during an internal reexamination of their counterinsur- One of the primary observations that has emerged from the gency strategy. And several project participants met with the project is that approaches for preventing, mitigating, and U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor and with members of resolving civil wars and intrastate violence are often far too her team to discuss the project’s recommendations. ambitious. They frequently overpromise stability, security, peace, democracy, and development to countries experiencing high levels of violence and instability.

Project Chairs Project Members Stephen D. Biddle Susanna Campbell Columbia University American University Karl W. Eikenberry Michele Barry Stanford University; Stanford University Tanja A. Börzel Martha Crenshaw U.S. Army, ret. Freie Universität Berlin Stanford University Abdeta D. Beyene Stephen D. Krasner Centre for Dialogue, Research, Charles Call Lyse Doucet Stanford University and Cooperation, Ethiopia American University BBC News

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 25 Global Security and International Affairs

CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES, continued

Tanisha Fazal Jean-Marie Guéhenno Aila M. Matanock Stephen Stedman University of Minnesota International Crisis Group University of California, Berkeley Stanford University James Fearon Joseph Hewitt Seyoum Mesfin Eric Stollenwerk Stanford University United States Institute of Peace Institute for Advanced Research, Freie Universität Berlin Ethiopia Vanda Felbab-Brown Stephen Heydemann Paul H. Wise Brookings Institution Smith College Stewart Patrick Stanford University Council on Foreign Relations Francis Fukuyama Bruce Jones Stanford University Brookings Institution Barry Posen Project Staff Massachusetts Institute Francesca Giovannini Sumit Ganguly Stathis Kalyvas of Technology Indiana University Yale University Summers Hammel William Reno Miguel García-Sánchez Nancy Lindborg Northwestern University Universidad de los Andes, United States Institute of Peace Funders Colombia Thomas Risse Sarah Kenyon Lischer Humanity United Freie Universität Berlin Richard Gowan Wake Forest University Smith Richardson Foundation New York University Hendrik Spruyt Clare Lockhart Northwestern University Oak Foundation Sonja Grimm Institute for State Effectiveness University of Konstanz, Germany

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES

“Civil Wars & Global Disorder: Threats & Opportunities,” Dædalus (Fall 2017)

“Ending Civil Wars: Constraints & Possibilities,” Dædalus (Winter 2018)

26 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES

Meeting on Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses

September 13, 2017 New York, NY

The un Assistant Secretaries-General for Peacekeeping and project. The meeting focused on strategic challenges to multi- Political Affairs hosted a discussion with selected contribu- lateral efforts to resolve conflict as well as the evolving role of tors to the Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses the United Nations given shifts in the global balance of power.

Speakers Stephen Krasner Stephen Stedman Tayé-Brook Zerihoun Stanford University Stanford University United Nations Department Jonathan F. Fanton of Political Affairs American Academy of Arts Izumi Nakamitsu El Ghassim Wane and Sciences United Nations Office United Nations Department of Disarmament Affairs of Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno International Crisis Group

Stephen Krasner, Assis- tant Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations El Ghassim Wane, Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs Tayé-Brook Zerihoun, and Under-Secretary-General of Disarmament Affairs Izumi Nakamitsu listen to project contributor Jean-Marie Guéhenno.

Participants at the panel discussion.

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 27 Global Security and International Affairs

Civil Wars and International Order

September 13, 2017 New York, NY

At the first in a series of three workshops hosted in collab- discussed possible trends in future civil wars, how un peace oration with the un Department of Political Affairs and operations can play a useful role, and the success criteria for Department of Peacekeeping Operations, project contributors peace operations.

Speakers Michèle Griffin Graham Maitland Cris Stephen Executive Office of the United United Nations Department United Nations Department Renata Dwan Nations Secretary-General of Political Affairs of Peacekeeping Operations United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations Sarah Kenyon Lischer Stephen Stedman Wake Forest University Stanford University James Fearon Stanford University

Graham Maitland, Michèle Griffin, Renata Dwan, Stephen Stedman, and James Fearon participate in the workshop.

Participants in the workshop.

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Institution-Building and Governance The Evolution of Armed Groups: in Areas of Limited Statehood Crafting Effective Responses

October 18, 2017 November 17, 2017 New York, NY New York, NY

At the second workshop hosted in collaboration with the At the final workshop in the series organized in collaboration United Nations, project participants shared findings from with the United Nations, the discussion focused on interdisci- their Dædalus essays and explored alternative approaches to plinary approaches to thinking about how armed groups affect developing improved governance and state/society relation- international order. ships in the wake of conflict. Speakers Stathis Kalyvas Steven Heydemann University of Oxford; Speakers Richard Atwood Smith College formerly, Yale University Susanna Campbell International Crisis Group American University David Marshall Thomas Kontgeorgos Martha Crenshaw Office of the United Nations High United Nations Department Adedeji Ebo Stanford University Commissioner for Human Rights of Peacekeeping Operations United Nations Department of Tanisha Fazal Peacekeeping Operations Eric Stollenwerk Teresa Whitfield University of Minnesota Freie Universität Berlin United Nations Department Richard Gowan of Political Affairs New York University; European Katy Thompson Council on Foreign Relations United Nations Development Programme David Haeri United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations

Susanna Campbell, Adedeji Ebo, David Haeri, and Katy Martha Crenshaw (center) answers a question from a par- Thompson participate in the workshop. ticipant during the workshop.

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 Global Security and International Affairs

Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses Capitol Hill Briefing

January 23, 2018 Washington, D.C.

At a briefing for junior- and senior-level Congressional staff- dations based on their work and research on civil wars and ers hosted by the Academy and Stanford University’s Hoover intrastate violence. Institution, several project participants presented recommen-

Participants Summers Hammel Nancy Lindborg Paul Wise American Academy of Arts United States Institute of Peace Stanford University Stephen Biddle and Sciences Columbia University Stephen Stedman Stephen Krasner Stanford University Karl Eikenberry Stanford University Stanford University

Karl Eikenberry (center) speaking at the briefing. Left to right:Stephen Stedman, Paul Wise, Nancy Lindborg, Stephen Krasner, and Stephen Biddle

Briefings at the U.S. Department of Defense

January 23, 2018 Washington, D.C.

A small group of project contributors, led by project cochairs included a general session attended by more than thirty Karl Eikenberry and Stephen Krasner, met with staff mem- mid-level Department of Defense personnel and a smaller, bers from the office of the Secretary of Defense and the office closed-door session that focused on counter-terrorism and of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The briefings counter-insurgency strategies.

Participants Summers Hammel Clare Lockhart Paul Wise American Academy of Arts Institute for State Effectiveness Stanford University Stephen Biddle and Sciences Columbia University Stephen Stedman Stephen Krasner Stanford University Karl Eikenberry Stanford University Stanford University

30 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

Briefing with the National Security Council (NSC)

April 13, 2018 Washington, D.C.

Several project contributors participated in a briefing with offered short- and long-term strategic policy planning recom- Nadia Schadlow, Deputy National Security Advisor to the mendations for preventing, mitigating, and helping countries President of the United States, and more than ten other nsc recover from civil violence. staff and regional specific directors. The project participants

Participants Francesca Giovannini Stephen Krasner Barry Posen American Academy of Arts Stanford University Massachusetts Institute Stephen Biddle and Sciences of Technology Columbia University Nancy Lindborg Summers Hammel United States Institute of Peace Karl Eikenberry American Academy of Arts Stanford University and Sciences

Civil Wars and Development Models

April 13, 2018 Washington, D.C.

In collaboration with the United States Institute of Peace, the intrastate violence using mediation, peacekeeping operations, Academy co-hosted a small lunch discussion on development and development programs aimed at creating good gover- models for conflict-ridden states. The speakers included proj- nance and economic growth. The participants discussed the ect cochair Stephen Krasner as well as representatives from strengths and weaknesses of various development models in usaid and the World Bank. The discussion centered on the light of the current geopolitical landscape and lessons learned observation that during the post–Cold War era, governments from past interventions. and international institutions designed approaches to treat

Participants Karl Eikenberry Stephen Krasner Barry Posen Stanford University Stanford University Massachusetts Institute Stephen Biddle of Technology Columbia University Joseph Hewitt Nancy Lindborg United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace Kate Somvongsiri Franck Bousquet USAID World Bank

Karl Eikenberry, Nancy Lindborg, Stephen Krasner, Kate Somvongsiri, and Franck Bousquet

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 31 Global Security and International Affairs

Ending Civil Wars

April 13, 2018 Washington, D.C.

The Academy co-hosted a panel discussion with the United project participants discussed how the United States could States Institute of Peace that featured the issue of Dædalus on respond better to intrastate conflict and promote both devel- “Ending Civil Wars: Constraints & Possibilities,” which was opment and stability to create lasting peace. published in connection with the project. The authors and

Participants Stephen Biddle Columbia University Karl Eikenberry Stanford University Stephen Krasner Stanford University Nancy Lindborg United States Institute of Peace Clare Lockhart Institute for State Effectiveness Barry Posen Massachusetts Institute Nancy Lindborg, Stephen Biddle, Stephen Krasner, Clare Lockhart, Barry Posen, and of Technology Karl Eikenberry

Meetings with International Organizations in Geneva

May 14 and 16, 2018 Geneva, Switzerland

In collaboration with the British Academy, the American tarian Demining, and the un Development Programme. The Academy organized a series of briefings and discussions with participants discussed key findings of two Academy projects– representatives of several international organizations and New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War and Civil ngos in Geneva, including the Centre of Competence on Wars, Violence, and International Responses–as well as the Humanitarian Negotiation, the International Committee of British Academy’s work on violence. the Red Cross, the Geneva International Centre for Humani-

Participants Philip Lewis Christina Moorhouse Eric Stollenwerk British Academy British Academy Freie Universität Berlin Christine Bell University of Edinburgh Kathryn Moffat Stephen Stedman Charles Tripp American Academy of Arts Stanford University British Academy; Tanisha Fazal and Sciences University of London University of Minnesota

32 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

The Future of International Responses to Civil Wars and Conflict

May 15, 2018 Geneva, Switzerland

The American Academy, the British Academy, and the Centre can Academy’s projects on New Dilemmas in Ethics, Tech- on Conflict, Development, and Peacebuilding at The Grad- nology, and War and Civil Wars, Violence, and International uate Institute of International and Development Studies Responses. The participants discussed how international hosted a workshop that brought Geneva-based scholars and responses to civil wars are continuing to evolve. They also practitioners together with experts who are contributing to deepened their understanding about how different disciplines the British Academy’s work on violence and to the Ameri- and organizations are approaching these issues.

Participants Sonja Grimm Brian McQuinn Rhitu Siddharth University of Konstanz International Committee UN High Commissioner Salman Bal of the Red Cross; for Refugees Office of the Director-General, Thomas Guerber The Graduate Institute United Nations Office at Geneva Geneva Centre for the Democratic Anki Sjöberg of International and Control of Armed Forces Geneva Call Christine Bell Development Studies University of Edinburgh Daniel Hyslop Hugo Slim Kathryn Moffat Interpeace International Committee Sebastian Brack American Academy of Arts of the Red Cross Kofi Annan Foundation Nora Keller and Sciences ETH Zurich Stephen Stedman Christine Chinkin Christina Moorhouse Stanford University London School of Economics Keith Krause British Academy The Graduate Institute Eric Stollenwerk Eleanor Davey Vanessa Parada González of International and Freie Universität Berlin University of Manchester World Health Organization Development Studies Charles Tripp Alan Doss Sandra Reimann David Lanz British Academy; Kofi Annan Foundation The Graduate Institute Swisspeace University of London of International and Tanisha Fazal Philip Lewis Development Studies Emmanuel Tronc University of Minnesota British Academy Conflict Dynamics International Tuesday Reitano Adrian Foster Gianluca Maspoli Global Initiative Against Achim Wennmann Geneva Center for Security Geneva International Centre for Transnational Organized Crime Geneva Peacebuilding Platform; Policy; formerly, UN Department Humanitarian Demining The Graduate Institute of Peacekeeping Operations; Sara Sekkenes of International and formerly, British Army United Nations Development Development Studies Programme Florence Foster Quaker United Nations Office Francesca Giovannini American Academy of Arts and Sciences Maria Ottavia Guicciardini The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Catriona Gourlay PeaceNexus Foundation Brian McQuinn, Tanisha Fazal, Charles Tripp, Eleanor Davey, and Salman Bal participate in a panel discussion at the workshop in Geneva.

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 33 Global Security and International Affairs

PROJECT THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUTURE

The Global Nuclear Future (gnf) Initiative is an interdisci- The gnf Initiative has focused its work in three main areas: plinary and multinational project that is seeking to engage nuclear newcomers in conversations on nuclear safety, secu- 1) developing regional networks of knowledge in Southeast rity, and nonproliferation. Asia and the Middle East that could assist nuclear newcomers and nuclear aspirant countries in establishing a As an increasing number of countries today explores the safe, secure, and proliferation-resistant program; possibility of establishing nuclear power plants to meet the 2) identifying the best strategies and policies to manage the mounting energy needs of a growing population, it is impor nuclear fuel cycle, including the back-end of the nucle- tant for the nuclear policy community worldwide to assist ar fuel cycle and the transfer and governance of dual-use these countries in developing responsible nuclear programs technology; and in accordance with international standards of regulation and governance. The gnf project brings together diverse commu- 3) identifying possible strategies to minimize the risks of in- nities, including leading experts from academia, government, sider threats within nuclear laboratories and power plants. nongovernmental organizations, and the nuclear industry, to foster dialogue and debate with and among nuclear newcom- Some of the project’s activities include convening nuclear ers and encourage transparency and international cooperation. experts and scholars to promote dialogue among regional players; hosting policy briefings and consultations with government officials and representatives of the nuclear industry; and commissioning papers and publications, often co-au- thored by regional experts, to enhance academic cooperation and nurture interstate intellectual exchanges.

Project Chairs Project Advisors William Potter Funders Middlebury Institute of Steven E. Miller Richard A. Meserve Carnegie Corporation International Studies at Monterey Harvard Kennedy School Covington & Burling LLP; of New York formerly, Carnegie Institution for John W. Rowe Robert Rosner Flora Family Foundation Science Exelon Corporation, ret. University of Chicago The William and Flora Hewlett Sam Nunn George P. Shultz Foundation Senior Advisor Nuclear Threat Initiative Stanford University The Kavli Foundation Scott D. Sagan George Perkovich Project Staff Stanford University Carnegie Endowment for John D. and Catherine T. International Peace Francesca Giovannini MacArthur Foundation William J. Perry Kathryn Moffat Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Stanford University

34 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUTURE

Main project publications: The Back-End of the Nuclear Shared Responsibilities for Fuel Cycle: An Innovative Nuclear Disarmament: A Governance of Dual-Use Tech- Storage Concept, Stephen M. Global Debate, essay by Scott nologies: Theory and Practice, Goldberg, Robert Rosner, D. Sagan, with responses by edited by Elisa D. Harris and James P. Malone (Amer- James M. Acton, Jayantha (American Academy of Arts ican Academy of Arts and Dhanapala, Mustafa Kibaro- and Sciences, 2016) Sciences, 2012) glu, Harald Müller, Yukio Satoh, Mohamed I. Shaker, A Worst Practices Guide to Nuclear Energy in the Middle and Achilles Zaluar (Amer- Insider Threats: Lessons from East: Implications, Challeng- ican Academy of Arts and Past Mistakes, Matthew es, Opportunities (American Sciences, 2010) Bunn and Scott D. Sagan Academy of Arts and Scienc- (American Academy of Arts es, 2010) “On the Global Nuclear and Sciences, 2014) Future,” vols. 1–2, Dædalus, Multinational Approaches edited by Steven E. Miller Nuclear Collisions: Discord, to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, and Scott D. Sagan (Fall 2009 Reform & the Nuclear Non- Charles McCombie & and Winter 2010) proliferation Regime, essay Thomas Isaacs, Noramly by Steven E. Miller, with Bin Muslim, Tariq Rauf, responses by Wael Al-Assad, Atsuyuki Suzuki, Frank von Jayantha Dhanapala, C. Raja Hippel, and Ellen Tauscher Mohan, and Ta Minh Tuan (American Academy of Arts (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2010) and Sciences, 2012)

A full list of all of the Global Nuclear Future project publications may be found on the Academy’s website at https://www.amacad.org/gnf.

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUTURE

Multilateral Approach in Spent Fuel Management

September 26, 2017 Seoul, South Korea

The Global Nuclear Future Initiative co-convened a panel dis- including regionally and nationally specific issues–that will cussion during the 2017 global International Nuclear Fuel need to be overcome in order to identify new ways forward for Cycle conference that examined the status of multilateral multilateral spent fuel management. approaches to spent fuel management and the key challenges–

Speakers William D. Magwood IV Robert Rosner Man-Sung Yim OECD Nuclear Energy Agency University of Chicago Korea Advanced Institute Yongsoo Hwang of Science and Technology Korea Atomic Energy Research Andrew Newman Institute Nuclear Threat Initiative

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 35 Global Security and International Affairs

Solving the Unsolvable: Nuclear Waste Solutions for the New Millennium

April 6, 2018 Washington, D.C.

Managing spent fuel is one of the most significant challenges son Center and the American Academy convened experts from surrounding the use of nuclear energy. Although the techni- academia, government, ngos, and the nuclear industry to cal means to build repositories exist, disposal attempts have discuss the existing interim storage facility proposals as well often faced strong political and societal pushback. The Stim- as the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.

Speakers Mark Hibbs Andrew Newman Yea-Jen Tseng Carnegie Endowment for Nuclear Threat Initiative Southern Taiwan University Francesca Giovannini International Peace of Science and Technology American Academy of Arts Daniel B. Poneman and Sciences Tom Isaacs Centrus Energy Corp. Cindy Vestergaard Lawrence Livermore National Stimson Center Geordan Graetz Robert Rosner Laboratory Department of State University of Chicago Development, Government Jacqueline Kempfer Robert Sloan of South Australia Stimson Center Tulane Law School Carlyn Greene Charles McCombie UxC ARIUS Association

Tom Isaacs, Yea-Jen Tseng, and Andrew Newman Geordan Graetz

36 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

PROJECT MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE

Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age will examine Two cochairs, a small steering committee, and a larger work- the challenges and opportunities presented by the changing ing group lead the project. Six nuclear experts, with in-depth nuclear age. The global nuclear order is evolving today along knowledge of nuclear issues, serve on the steering committee. three main dimensions: 1) the nuclear posture of several nuclear They are helping to identify ways in which the project can have weapons states has changed because of the possible use of policy impact as well as how the project can engage interna- nuclear weapons in war fighting; 2) technological innovations tionally with nuclear communities beyond the United States. (in the space and cyber realm in particular, although not exclu- sively) are impacting existing nuclear arrangements (including Members of the working group include established scholars, the extended deterrence architecture and strategic stability); rising scholars, former policy-makers, and diplomats. The and 3) the changes in the current global nuclear order affect the inclusion of rising scholars is particularly significant. The prospects for nuclear arms control in a multipolar world. working group serves as the main body for intergenerational and multidisciplinary discussions on current nuclear issues. This initiative is working to articulate a new framework for The involvement of rising scholars brings fresh perspectives governing relations among the existing nine nuclear weapons and innovative methodologies to the fore and greatly expands states (with particular attention to strengthening strategic the capacity of the project to propose cutting-edge solutions to stability within the two critical nuclear triangles: China, the enduring nuclear risks. United States, and Russia as well as India, Pakistan, and China). In the past year, the working group has discussed five com- In order to achieve this goal, the project will: missioned papers on key questions related to the current role that nuclear weapons play in global security. Among the top- 1) identify the four or five major dangers generated by the dy- ics discussed in the papers are the prospects for future arms namics of a multipolar nuclear world–dangers that pose control agreements between Russia and the United States; the the greatest threat of inadvertent nuclear war; conditions that make the use of nuclear weapons increasingly 2) offer alternative approaches to addressing each of these plausible in today’s world; and the increased complexity of dangers and then facilitate discussions with relevant com- nuclear deterrence among multiple nuclear weapons states. munities in the United States and abroad; and These essays appear in a series of occasional papers published in 2018. 3) encourage and assist policy-makers, Congress, the ana- lytical community, and the media to think systematically about a world that is now multipolar.

Project Chairs Janne Nolan Linton Brooks Michael Krepon George Washington University Center for Strategic and Stimson Center Christopher Chyba International Studies; formerly, Princeton University Scott D. Sagan Hans Kristensen U.S. Department of Energy and Stanford University Federation of American Scientists Robert Legvold U.S. National Nuclear Security Columbia University Jon Wolfsthal Administration Jessica Tuchman Mathews Nuclear Crisis Group Carnegie Endowment for M. Taylor Fravel International Peace Steering Committee Massachusetts Institute of Working Group Members Thomas J. Christensen Technology Nicholas Miller Dartmouth College Princeton University James M. Acton Sumit Ganguly Carnegie Endowment for Lynn Eden Indiana University, Bloomington Steven E. Miller International Peace Harvard Kennedy School Stanford University Francis J. Gavin Mark Bell Steven E. Miller Johns Hopkins School of Vipin Narang University of Minnesota Harvard Kennedy School Advanced and International Massachusetts Institute Studies of Technology

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 37 Global Security and International Affairs

MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE, continued

Janne Nolan William Potter Nina Tannenwald Funders George Washington University James Martin Center for Brown University Louise Henry Bryson and Nonproliferation Studies, Olga Oliker Jane Vaynman John E. Bryson Middlebury Institute of Center for Strategic and Temple University International Studies at Monterey John F. Cogan, Jr. International Studies Keren Yarhi-Milo Mira Rapp-Hooper Lester Crown George Perkovich Princeton University Yale Law School Carnegie Endowment for Alan M. Dachs International Peace Scott D. Sagan Project Staff Stanford University Bob and Kristine Higgins Steven Pifer Francesca Giovannini Brookings Institution; formerly, Michael Swaine Kenneth L. and Susan S. Wallach U.S. Department of State Carnegie Endowment for Kathryn Moffat International Peace

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE

Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: U.S. and Russian Nuclear Concepts, Past and Present, Linton Brooks, Alexei Arbatov, and Francis J. Gavin (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2018)

Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: Emerging Risks and Declin- ing Norms in the Age of Technological Innovation and Changing Nuclear Doctrines, Nina Tannenwald and James M. Acton, with an Introduction by Jane Vaynman (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2018)

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW NUCLEAR AGE

Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: Working Group Meeting

December 18–19, 2017 Cambridge, MA

Members of the working group met to discuss some of the cur- new technological developments. They also talked about pos- rent nuclear challenges facing the international community, sible policy responses and the best ways for the project to con- including the implications of the decline or collapse of arms tribute to those discussions. The meeting helped to inform the control agreements, the consequences of a multipolar nuclear selection of topics for forthcoming project publications and world, and the potential risks for nuclear escalation created by future convenings with international experts.

38 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Global Security and International Affairs

WORKING GROUP MEETING, continued

Participants M. Taylor Fravel Kathryn Moffat Peter Robinson Massachusetts Institute American Academy of Arts American Academy of Arts James M. Acton of Technology and Sciences and Sciences Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Sumit Ganguly Janne E. Nolan Scott D. Sagan Indiana University, Bloomington George Washington University Stanford University Mark Bell University of Minnesota Francesca Giovannini Olga Oliker Michael D. Swaine American Academy of Arts Center for Strategic and Carnegie Endowment for Leyatt Betre and Sciences International Studies International Peace Princeton University Summers Hammel George Perkovich Nina Tannenwald Linton F. Brooks American Academy of Arts Carnegie Endowment for Brown University Center for Strategic and and Sciences International Peace International Studies; formerly, Jane Vaynman U.S. Department of Energy; Robert Legvold Steven Pifer Temple University formerly, National Nuclear Columbia University Brookings Institution Kristin Ven Bruusgaard Security Administration David C. Logan William Potter Stanford University Thomas J. Christensen Princeton University James Martin Center for Jon Wolfsthal Princeton University Nonproliferation Studies, Jessica Tuchman Mathews Harvard University Middlebury Institute of Christopher Chyba Carnegie Endowment for International Studies at Monterey Princeton University International Peace Jonathan F. Fanton Steven E. Miller American Academy of Arts Harvard Kennedy School and Sciences

Linton Brooks, Mark Bell, Nina Tannenwald, Jane Vaynman, Sumit Ganguly, and Leyatt Betre

GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 39 Science, Engineering, and Technology

cademy projects in Science, Engineering, and Technology seek to strength- Aen the capacity of science and engineering to improve the human condition. This goal has never been more important for the nation or for the world. Global challenges increasingly require collaboration across disciplinary, professional, and national boundaries, while rapid advances in information processing and trans- mission raise new issues for both the management of scientific and technical information and for the ability of individuals and institutions to assimilate and act on new discoveries. Drawing on the broad expertise of its membership and outside experts, Academy studies in Science, Engineering, and Technology analyze the impact of advances in these areas and develop policy recommendations that are made available to government, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector. Activ- ities focus on increasing public understanding of current research and technological change, and on helping society adapt effectively and make meaningful use of new scientific and technical knowledge. Areas of interest include U.S. productivity in science and engineering; public understanding of, and trust in, science, engineering, and medicine; and how the adoption of new technologies shapes, and is shaped by, societal values and individual and institutional decision-making.

40 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY Program Advisory Group

Program Advisory Group Mary Beckerle Gerald Chan Leah Jamieson Chairs University of Utah The Morningside Group Purdue University Alan Leshner Arthur Bienenstock David Clark Cora Marrett formerly, American Association Stanford University Massachusetts Institute formerly, National Science for the Advancement of Science of Technology Foundation Emery Brown Geraldine L. Richmond Massachusetts Institute Wayne Clough James Simons University of Oregon of Technology; Georgia Institute of Technology; Euclidean Capital Harvard Medical School; formerly, Smithsonian Institution Jeannette Wing Massachusetts General Hospital Program Advisory Group Robert Horvitz Columbia University Members Claude Canizares Massachusetts Institute Nancy C. Andrews Massachusetts Institute of Technology Duke University School of Technology of Medicine

PROJECT THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE

The Academy’s initiative on the Public Face of Science on the current understanding of how Americans view science, addresses various aspects of the complex and evolving rela- scientists, and the impacts of scientific research. The report tionship between scientists and the public, and examines how has been incorporated into teaching materials for university trust in science is shaped by individual experiences, beliefs, courses in science communication and outreach, and has been and engagement with science. The project is also looking at distributed and discussed at training workshops for science the role of science in the legal system and the coordination communicators. The report is being used by professional soci- and deployment of scientific teams as part of crisis response. eties; governmental organizations; science advocacy groups; The initiative has brought together a broad range of experts in and the university community–including provosts, vice pres- communication, law, humanities, the arts, journalism, public idents and vice chancellors of research, science communica- affairs, and the physical, social, and life sciences. While this tion faculty, and public engagement specialists. project does not directly address scientific literacy inK -12 and adult education, it will inform such efforts by fostering a Subsequent reports will highlight the numerous ways that greater understanding of the public’s attitude toward science. individuals encounter science in their everyday lives and present recommendations for improving the practice of science The first project report,Perceptions of Science in America, was communication and engagement. published in February 2018 and summarizes the existing data

Project Chair Steering Group Members Ellen Futter Rush D. Holt, Jr. American Museum of American Association for the Richard Meserve Emilio Bizzi Natural History Advancement of Science Covington & Burling LLP; Massachusetts Institute of formerly, Carnegie Institution Technology Sylvester James Gates, Jr. Kathleen Hall Jamieson for Science Brown University University of Pennsylvania Geoffrey Cowan University of Southern California Robert Hauser Venkatesh Narayanamurti American Philosophical Society Harvard University

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 41 Science, Engineering, and Technology

THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE, continued PROJECT PUBLICATION \\ THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE

Nora Newcombe Project Staff Perceptions of Science in America Temple University John Randell (2018) Geneva Overholser Erica Kimmerling Formerly, The Democracy Fund; formerly, USC Annenberg School Gregory Savageau for Communication and Journalism Kenneth Prewitt Funders Columbia University Gordon and Betty Moore Rebecca Rimel Foundation Pew Charitable Trusts Rita Allen Foundation Cristián Samper Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Wildlife Conservation Society Samuel Thier Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE

Roundtable Discussion with Academy Members on the Public Face of Science

September 11, 2017 Cornell University Ithaca, NY

Participants discussed a preliminary draft of Perceptions of Sci- pretations, and takeaways. The draft was revised in response ence in America and focused on the data presentations, inter- to the feedback received at the roundtable.

Featured Speaker Leonard Gross G. Peter Lepage John D. Reppy Cornell University Cornell University Cornell University Diane Ackerman Ithaca, NY Martha Patricia Haynes Paul L. McEuen Gretchen Ritter Cornell University Cornell University Cornell University Participants Peter Uwe Hohendahl Fred Warren McLafferty Fred B. Schneider Nancy C. Andrews Cornell University Cornell University Cornell University Duke University School of Paul Lyon Houston Jerrold Meinwald† Steven H. Strogatz Medicine Georgia Institute of Technology Cornell University Cornell University Barbara A. Baird Erica Kimmerling Malden C. Nesheim Saul A. Teukolsky Cornell University American Academy of Arts Cornell University Cornell University Jonathan Culler and Sciences Don M. Randel Sandra L. Vehrencamp Cornell University Carol L. Krumhansl Ithaca, NY Cornell University Stephen T. Emlen Cornell University John Randell Benjamin Widom Cornell University Sidney Leibovich American Academy of Arts Cornell University Thomas D. Gilovich Cornell University and Sciences † Deceased Cornell University

42 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

Roundtable Discussion with Academy Members on the Public Face of Science

November 1, 2017 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI

Following an introduction from Arthur Lupia, Academy Members discussed the final draft of Perceptions of Science in America and identified key takeaways from the report.

Featured Speaker Arthur Lupia (third from left) speaking at a roundtable discussion in Ann Arbor. Arthur Lupia University of Michigan Philip Gingerich Shinobu Kitayama Mark Schlissel University of Michigan University of Michigan University of Michigan Participants David Ginsburg Juanita Merchant George Tsebelis Hyman Bass University of Michigan University of Michigan University of Michigan University of Michigan Linda Gregerson James Morrow Joseph Vining John Carethers University of Michigan University of Michigan University of Michigan University of Michigan James Stephen House John O’Shea Marina von Neumann James Duderstadt University of Michigan University of Michigan Whitman University of Michigan University of Michigan Mary Kelley John Randell David L. Featherman University of Michigan American Academy of Arts University of Michigan and Sciences

Roundtable Discussion with Academy Members on Perceptions of Science in America

February 14, 2018 University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX

This roundtable discussion followed the release of Perceptions cating and engaging with the public. Insights from this discus- of Science in America. The discussion focused on the implica- sion shaped the early outreach activities and provided context tions of the data for the current dialogue around support for for the forthcoming project reports. evidence-based policy and the role of scientists in communi-

Participants Larry R. Faulkner Xiaoquin Li Michael Joseph Ryan University of Texas at Austin University of Texas at Austin University of Texas at Austin Rainer Assé American Academy of Arts George Georgiou Nicholas A. Peppas Kenneth I. Shine and Sciences University of Texas at Austin University of Texas at Austin University of Texas System Allen Joseph Bard Erica Kimmerling John Randell University of Texas at Austin American Academy of Arts American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Sciences

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 43 Science, Engineering, and Technology

Roundtable Discussion on Perceptions of Science in America with MIT Knight Science Journalism and Rita Allen Science Communication Fellows

March 6, 2018 American Academy Cambridge, MA

Perceptions of Science in America was discussed in a roundtable the key takeaways for science writers from the report, partic- setting with a group of professional journalists associated ipants discussed how the data presented in the report might with the mit Knight Science Journalism program. Following influence their work as journalists. The discussion helped to an introductory presentation by Erica Kimmerling, Hellman shape the early outreach efforts by identifying the primary Fellow in Science and Technology Policy at the Academy, on areas of interest for science journalists.

Participants Adam Falk Ehsan Masood Kelsey Tsipis Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fortnight Science Writing Graduate Student Deborah Blum at MIT MIT Knight Science Journalism Jonathan F. Fanton Jane Qiu Program American Academy of Arts Knight Science Journalism Fellow Adnaan Wasey and Sciences Rita Allen Science Teresa Carr John Randell Communication Fellow Knight Science Journalism Fellow Sujata Gupta American Academy of Arts Knight Science Journalism Fellow and Sciences Caroline Winter Laura Castañón Bloomberg Businessweek Science Writing Graduate Student Joshua Hatch Gregory Savageau at MIT Knight Science Journalism Fellow American Academy of Arts and Sciences David Corcoran Rowan Jacobsen MIT Knight Science Journalism Knight Science Journalism Fellow Kolawole Talabi Program; Undark Knight Science Journalism Fellow Erica Kimmerling Caty Enders American Academy of Arts Mićo Tatalović Knight Science Journalism Fellow and Sciences Knight Science Journalism Fellow

PROJECT PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE: SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM

Scientific and technological advances have increased the over- in-depth conversations with selected scientific and legal lap between scientific learning and legal issues. Yet leading experts. The goal is to learn what motivates scientists to par- scientists often express reluctance to engage with the legal ticipate or to refuse to participate in legal processes and to rec- system or difficulties in communicating their knowledge. ommend ways to improve the science-law relationship. The Despite the importance of the issue, there are few system- Fall 2018 issue of Dædalus on “Science and the Legal System” atic studies of how scientists view the legal system and of contains a series of essays by leading scientists and lawyers their experiences as consultants to lawyers or judges or as and a summary of the survey of Academy Members designed expert witnesses. The American Academy is studying these to understand better how scientists and engineers perceive issues through a survey of its scientist members and through and interact with the legal system.

Project Chairs Shari Seidman Diamond Richard Lempert Northwestern University Pritzker University of Michigan School of Law

44 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

PROJECT MEETING \\ PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE: SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM

Dædalus Authors’ Workshop on Science and the Legal System

July 20–21, 2017 American Academy Cambridge, MA

The Academy convened the Dædalus authors to review initial drafts of their essays and identify ways to share the issue effectively with the legal and scientific communities.

Participants Linda Greenhouse Richard Lempert Daniel Rubinfeld Yale Law School University of Michigan University of California, Berkeley; Huda Akil New York University University of Michigan Susan Haack Elizabeth Loftus University of Miami University of California, Irvine Michael Saks Robert Cook-Deegan School of Law Arizona State University Sandra Duke Global Health Institute Anne-Marie Mazza Day O’Connor College of Law Valerie Hans National Academies of Sciences, Shari Seidman Diamond Cornell Law School Engineering, and Medicine Joseph Sanders Northwestern University Pritzker University of Houston Law School of Law Sheila Jasanoff Jennifer Mnookin Harvard Kennedy School University of California, Patti Saris Rebecca Eisenberg Los Angeles School of Law United States District Court for University of Michigan School Jay Kadane the District of Massachusetts of Law Carnegie Mellon University John Randell American Academy of Arts Keerthi Shetty Nancy Gertner Erica Kimmerling and Sciences American Academy of Arts Harvard Law School; United American Academy of Arts and Sciences States District Court for the and Sciences Jed Rakoff District of Massachusetts, ret. United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

Richard Lempert and Shari Seidman Diamond at the Science and the Legal System Dædalus authors’ workshop.

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 45 Science, Engineering, and Technology

PROJECT THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

Extensive studies of energy and climate have concluded that Building on the 2011 Academy report Beyond Technology: Strength- the energy system in the United States must undergo a sub- ening Energy Policy through Social Science and two special issues stantial transformation to address economic, environmen- of Dædalus on the Alternative Energy Future, the Academy is tal, and geopolitical challenges. As this transformation takes undertaking a two-year research project to understand better place, both individuals and public- and private-sector institu- the factors that contribute to policy durability and flexibility. tions will need to adapt to the profound societal change that The study draws on lessons from the Clean Air Act (caa), which will accompany the adoption of new energy technologies. The is a prominent example of a policy that has persisted for decades Alternative Energy Future project is developing a cohesive while adapting continuously to new scientific, technological, understanding of the social and regulatory factors that can and economic information. The Academy study uses five spe- either inhibit or facilitate transformative change in the U.S. cific components of the caa as case studies to facilitate identi- energy system. The project objectives are: 1) to demonstrate fication of crucial design attributes that promote or detract from the value of social science in designing and adopting innova- both policy durability and flexibility and positive program out- tions in the physical energy system; and 2) to create a research comes. The case studies and their conclusions will be published program aimed at understanding how governing institutions in a forthcoming book from Cambridge University Press. The and policy design must adapt to the demands of a changing book will serve as a resource for policy-makers who seek to cre- energy infrastructure. ate effective energy policies at all levels of government, as well as for university programs in sustainability and public policy.

Project Chairs STUDY GROUP ON DURABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY Project Staff IN ENERGY POLICY Granger Morgan John Randell Carnegie Mellon University Study Group Chairs William Boyd Gregory Savageau University of California, Maxine L. Savitz Dallas Burtraw Los Angeles School of Law Honeywell, Inc., ret. Resources for the Future Funders Eric Patashnik Ann Carlson Brown University Alfred P. Sloan Foundation University of California, Los Angeles School of Law Barry Rabe The Kresge Foundation University of Michigan Study Group Members Hannah Wiseman Joseph Aldy Florida State University Harvard University College of Law

PUBLICATIONS \\ THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

Lessons from the Clean Air Act: Building Durability and Adaptability into U.S. Climate and Energy Policy (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming)

“The Alternative Energy Future,” vols. 1–2, Dædalus (Spring 2012 and Winter 2013)

Beyond Technology: Strengthening Energy Policy through Social Science (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011)

46 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

With support from the Kresge Foundation, the Academy New England. The Academy plans to publish the proceedings convened three workshops with state and municipal policy- from these workshops as a companion occasional paper to the makers and practitioners to discuss how the conclusions forthcoming edited volume from Cambridge University Press from the Academy study could be integrated into existing to illustrate the potential implications of this research for and new policies and programs. These workshops focused on subnational energy policy. three regions of the country: California, the Great Lakes, and

Strengthening Energy Policy in the Great Lakes Region

November 1, 2017 Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy Ann Arbor, MI

The first of the three regional workshops organized by the Academy examined the integration of municipal and state policies in the Great Lakes region.

Participants James Clift Hoon-Yung Hopgood Daniel Raimi Michigan Environmental Council Michigan Senate Environmental Resources for the Future; Joseph Aldy Quality Subcommittee of the University of Michigan Harvard Kennedy School Anne Evens Appropriations Committee Elevate Energy John Randell Janice Beecher Chris Kolb American Academy of Arts Michigan State University Luke Forrest Michigan Environmental Council and Sciences Michigan Municipal League Valerie Brader Mary Maupin Sean Reed Michigan Agency for Energy Douglas George Department of Environmental Clean Energy Coalition Consul General of Canada Stephen Brooks Quality, State of Michigan in Detroit Gregory Savageau University of Windsor Sarah Mills American Academy of Arts Kristine Hartman Kathryn Buckner University of Michigan and Sciences National Conference of Council of Great Lakes Industries State Legislatures Matthew Naud Andy Stocking Dallas Burtraw City of Ann Arbor, MI Principal Business Enterprises, Catie Hausman Resources for the Future Inc. University of Michigan Barry Rabe Liesl Clark University of Michigan Frank Szollosi Melissa Greene Hopfer 5 Lakes Energy National Wildlife Federation Lucas County Commissioner’s Office

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 47 Science, Engineering, and Technology

Strengthening Energy Policy in the Northeast Region

December 4, 2017 American Academy Cambridge, MA

The second regional workshop convened by the Academy study group focused on the development and implementation of energy policy in New England.

Participants Kelly Sims Gallagher Kristen McCormack Dan Sosland Tufts University Harvard University Acadia Center Joseph Aldy Harvard Kennedy School Joseph Goffman Tom McShane Will Space Harvard Law School Dewey Square Group Massachusetts Department of Jacquie Ashmore Environmental Protection Boston University Paul Hibbard John Randell Analysis Group American Academy of Arts Jordan Stutt Janet Gail Besser and Sciences Acadia Center Northeast Clean Energy Council Bruce Ho Natural Resources Defense Stephen Russell Sharon Weber Laurie Burt Council Department of Energy Resources, Massachusetts Department of Laurie Burt LLC Commonwealth of Massachusetts Environmental Protection Judson Jaffe Dallas Burtraw U.S. Department of the Treasury; Gregory Savageau Matthew Willner Resources for the Future formerly, Analysis Group, Inc. American Academy of Arts Ceres David Cash and Sciences Barbara Kates-Garnick University of Massachusetts Tufts University Nancy L. Seidman Boston Regulatory Assistance Project Amelia Keyes Robert Ethier Resources for the Future ISO New England

Bryson Symposium on Climate and Energy Policy

Thursday, March 1, 2018 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA

The Bryson Symposium on Climate and Energy Policy drew on new research and innovations in both public policy and sci- the diverse experiences of several California leaders in climate entific research are contributing to the mitigation of climate and energy, as well as the Academy’s research program on change, and how local, state, and regional action can drive Durability and Adaptability in Energy Policy, to explore how progress toward national climate and energy goals.

Speakers Nathan S. Lewis Ronald O. Nichols Thomas F. Rosenbaum California Institute of Technology Southern California Edison California Institute of Technology Dallas Burtraw Resources for the Future Mary Nichols John Randell Maxine L. Savitz California Air Resources Board American Academy of Arts formerly Honeywell, Inc. Ralph Cavanagh and Sciences NRDC Robert B. Weisenmiller California Energy Commission

48 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

Strengthening Energy Policy in California

March 2, 2018 University of California, Los Angeles School of Law Los Angeles, CA

On March 2, 2018, the third regional workshop convened under the Academy’s study on Durability and Adaptability in Energy Policy was held in Los Angeles, California.

Participants Cara Horowitz Amber Mace Tanya Peacock University of California, California Council on Science Southern California Gas Eric Biber Los Angeles School of Law and Technology University of California, Carla Peterman Berkeley School of Law Laurel Hunt Timothy Malloy California Public Utilities Los Angeles Regional University of California, Commission William Boyd Collaborative for Climate Los Angeles School of Law University of Colorado Deepak Rajagopal Action and Sustainability Law School Daniel Melling University of California, Amelia Keyes University of California, Los Angeles Sarah Brady Resources for the Future Los Angeles School of Law California Council on Science John Randell and Technology Alexandra Klass Peter Miller American Academy of Arts University of Minnesota Natural Resources Defense and Sciences Dallas Burtraw Law School Council Resources for the Future Casandra Rauser Daniel Lashof George Minter University of California, Ann Carlson NextGen Policy Southern California Gas Los Angeles University of California, Los Angeles School of Law Nathaniel Logar Mary Nichols Daniel Sanchez University of California, California Air Resources Board American Association for the Linda Cohen Los Angeles School of Law Advancement of Science University of California, Irvine School of Law J. R. DeShazo University of California, Los Angeles Luskin School of Public Affairs Anthony Eggert ClimateWorks Foundation Ethan Elkind University of California, Los Angeles School of Law; University of California, Berkeley School of Law Meredith Hankins University of California, Los Angeles School of Law Sean Hecht University of California, Los Angeles School of Law California Energy Commissioner Carla Peterman addresses project workshop participants.

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 49 Science, Engineering, and Technology

STRENGTHENING ENERGY POLICY IN CALIFORNIA, continued

Gregory Savageau Adam Smith Gerald Torres Alex Wang American Academy of Arts Southern California Edison Cornell University University of California, and Sciences Los Angeles School of Law Nancy Sutley David Vogel Maxine Savitz Los Angeles Department of University of California, Honeywell, Inc., ret. Water and Power Berkeley Haas School of Business

PROJECT CHALLENGES FOR INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PARTNERSHIPS

This project is articulating the benefits of international assess the success of such partnerships. The project is also research collaborations and exploring solutions to ongoing highlighting evolving trends among a range of types of inter- challenges associated with their design and execution. The national research collaborations. The Academy is conducting project is examining a range of types of international scien- consultations with key practitioners and policy-makers in tific collaborations involving university-affiliated research- international science to identify successful and unsuccessful ers, government and international research agencies, and/or case studies that could be particularly informative for the final nongovernment organizations. The first phase of the project project reports. In the second phase of the project, the Acad- is evaluating the organizational dynamics and institutional emy will establish working groups to develop recommenda- support structures that enable successful collaboration across tions and best practices for the implementation of various borders, and elaborating the key metrics and strategies to types of international scientific partnerships.

Project Chairs Matthias Hentze Venkatesh Narayanamurti Project Staff European Molecular Harvard University Arthur Bienenstock John Randell Biology Laboratory Stanford University Olufunmilayo Olopade Rainer Assé John Hildebrand University of Chicago Peter Michelson University of Arizona Gregory Savageau Stanford University Geraldine Richmond David Korn University of Oregon Harvard Medical School Funders Project Steering Group Vaughan Turekian Gordon and Betty Moore Claude Canizares William Lee National Academies of Sciences, Foundation Massachusetts Institute Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale Engineering, and Medicine of Technology and Dorr Caroline Wagner William and Flora Hewlett Foundation David Fidler Shirley Malcom The Ohio State University Indiana University Maurer American Association for the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation School of Law Advancement of Science Project Advisor Cherry Murray Kerri-Ann Jones Harvard University Pew Charitable Trusts

50 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ CHALLENGES FOR INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PARTNERSHIPS

Roundtable Discussion

March 28, 2018 Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA

The first in a series of roundtable discussions that were held in Spring 2018, the Atlanta meeting convened a multidisciplinary group of Academy Members and experts in international science. The discussion characterized the current landscape of global science in terms of research collaborations that are exe- cuted across institutional borders as well as institutional and disciplinary boundaries. Participants identified key capacities Academy Members, guests, and project staff discuss the and factors necessary for American researchers to succeed in challenges and opportunities presented by international the current global science landscape. research collaborations.

Discussion Leaders Michael Cassidy Paul Goldbart Robert Nerem Georgia Research Alliance Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Arthur Bienenstock Stanford University Wayne Clough Seymour E. Goodman W. Ronald Schuchard Georgia Institute of Technology; Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University Peter Michelson formerly, Smithsonian Institution Stanford University E. Brooks Holifield Philip Wainwright James W. Curran Candler School of Theology, Emory University Emory University Emory University Participants James Weyhenmeyer Maryam Alavi Zvi Galil Kaye Husbands Fealing Georgia State University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Larry Young Rafael Bras Aris Georgakakos Nicholas Kovacs Emory University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology

Meeting on Medical and Public Health Research

March 28, 2018 Emory University Atlanta, GA

Leaders and practitioners in global health met to discuss emerging international collaborations for research and management of communicable diseases and global pandemic threats. Partic- ipants highlighted the capacity-building and data governance models that are needed in order to create shared systems across countries for tackling these health challenges.

James W. Curran with project cochairs Arthur Bienenstock and Peter Michelson, Roslyn Bienenstock, and project staff Rainer Assé and Gregory Savageau.

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 51 Science, Engineering, and Technology

MEETING ON MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH, continued

Participants Susanna Fletcher Greer Vikas Kapil Dean G. Sienko American Cancer Society U.S. Centers for Disease Control Health Programs at the Rainer Assé and Prevention Carter Center American Academy of Arts Angela Hilmers and Sciences Training Programs in Gregory Savageau Serena Vinter Epidemiology and Public American Academy of Arts U.S. Centers for Disease Control James W. Curran Health Interventions Network - and Sciences and Prevention Rollins School of Public Health, TEPHINET Emory University Philip Wainwright Emory University

Workshop

April 25, 2018 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL

A workshop with faculty and administrators from the Uni- challenges of these collaborations exemplified the topics that versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign highlighted interna- the Academy project is addressing through case studies involv- tional collaborations in engineering, agriculture, health, and ing a broad range of international scientific collaborations. technology at the University of Illinois. The successes and

Moderators Gene Robinson* Peter Beak Martin Burke University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois John Katzenellenbogen* at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign May Berenbaum* Andreas Cangellaris Participants University of Illinois University of Illinois Jeffrey Moore* Rainer Assé at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois American Academy of Arts at Urbana-Champaign Arthur Bienenstock Jianjun Cheng and Sciences Stanford University University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Project codirector Arthur Bienenstock Monica Uddin describes an international collaboration on social stress and epigenetics in Rwanda.

52 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Science, Engineering, and Technology

WORKSHOP, continued

W. Jerry Dávila Anthony Leggett Ralph Nuzzo Petros Sofronis University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign Elif Ertekin Reitu Mabokela* Don Ort Monica Uddin University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign Jonathan F. Fanton Susan Martinis John Randell Alex Winter-Nelson American Academy of Arts University of Illinois American Academy of Arts University of Illinois and Sciences at Urbana-Champaign and Sciences at Urbana-Champaign Peter Goldsmith Paul McNamara Jay Roloff Martin Wong University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign at Urbana-Champaign Robert Jones Peter Michelson Gregory Savageau University of Illinois Stanford University American Academy of Arts *Planning Committee Members at Urbana-Champaign and Sciences

Roundtable Discussion

April 26, 2018 Rice University Houston, TX

A group of Academy Members and other experts discussed ing on historical perspectives, international collaborations in American leadership in global science as well as the value of space science and biomedical science were presented as mod- international scientific collaborations as a vehicle for improv- els of how high-quality science can contribute to diplomacy. ing diplomatic relations among participating countries. Draw-

Discussion Leaders Robert Curl Neal Lane Peter Rossky Rice University Rice University Rice University Arthur Bienenstock Stanford University Edward Djerejian David Leebron Gregory Savageau Rice University Rice University American Academy of Arts Peter Michelson and Sciences Stanford University Ethan Dmitrovsky Kirstin Matthews National Institute of Health Rice University Geeta Singhal Bayor College of Medicine Participants Kenny Evans Ricardo Quninonez David Alexander Rice University Bayor College of Medicine Pol Spanos Rice University Rice University Martin Gruebele John Randell Rainer Assé University of Illinois at American Academy of Arts American Academy of Arts Urbana-Champaign and Sciences and Sciences

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 53 Science, Engineering, and Technology

Roundtable Discussion

June 18, 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA

This meeting brought together leaders in the physical and change as well as policies that would serve to better support life sciences to discuss the changing landscape of global sci- international collaborations and science diplomacy. ence. Participants highlighted the factors that are driving this

Discussion Leaders Bruno Coppi David Korn Anne Stevenson Massachusetts Institute Harvard Medical School Harvard T.H. Chan Arthur Bienenstock of Technology School of Public Health; Stanford University David Latham The Broad Institute Nina Dudnik Harvard University Peter Michelson Seeding Labs Kevin Struhl Stanford University Venkatesh Narayanamurti Harvard Medical School Merton Flemings Harvard University Massachusetts Institute Bruce Tidor Participants John Randell of Technology Massachusetts Institute American Academy of Arts Rainer Assé of Technology American Academy of Arts Edward Hackett and Sciences and Sciences Brandeis University Krystyn Van Vliet Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen Massachusetts Institute Linden Hu The Broad Institute Duane Boning of Technology Massachusetts Institute Tufts University School Gregory Savageau of Technology of Medicine Sarah White American Academy of Arts The Multi-Regional Clinical Steven Hyman and Sciences Claude Canizares Trials Center of Brigham and Massachusetts Institute The Broad Institute Diane Souvaine Women’s Hospital and Harvard of Technology Daniel Kleppner Tufts University Massachusetts Institute of Technology

54 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

he American Academy was founded to promote the pursuit of knowledge and Tthe education of citizens in all fields of knowledge. Since 1780, the Academy has advocated for the importance of the humanities, arts, and culture in American society, and has called on both private citizens and the nation’s government to help foster advances in these areas. Today, the Academy conducts research and develops policy recommendations to advance the humanities in academic scholarship and in the public sector, to dis- play the importance of the arts in society, and to enrich the nation’s cultural life. By bringing together scholars, artists, and leaders from both the public and private sectors, Academy programs in the Humanities, Arts, and Culture put practitioners and scholars in conversation with individuals from other disciplines, ensuring that the arts and humanities are valued in all areas of civic life. Projects in this area demonstrate the value of the humanities, arts, and culture to the nation’s security and prosperity, and call attention to the role played by work in these fields to enriching the health of communities and the daily lives of its citizens.

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 55 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE Program Advisory Group

Richard Brodhead Tom Gunning Mary Kelley Oscar Tang Duke University University of Chicago University of Michigan New York, NY Colin Dayan Gish Jen Jane McAuliffe Maria Hummer Tuttle Vanderbilt University Cambridge, MA Library of Congress J. Paul Getty Trust Johanna Drucker Jacqueline Jones Jahan Ramazani Pauline Yu University of California, University of Texas at Austin University of Virginia American Council of Los Angeles Learned Societies

PROJECT COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING

In 2014, a bipartisan group of members of Congress asked the On February 28, 2017, the day of the public release of Ameri- American Academy of Arts and Sciences to undertake a new ca’s Languages, Representative David Price (D-North Carolina) study of the nation’s language education needs. Four mem- introduced the World Language Advancement and Readiness bers of the United States Senate–Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis- Act, a bill cosigned by eighteen of his colleagues. The act pro- consin), Mark Kirk (R-Illinois), Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), and poses three-year competitive grants to support local and state Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii)–and four members of the House of school districts that want to establish, improve, or expand Representatives–Rush Holt (D-New Jersey), Leonard Lance innovative programs in world language learning. Subse- (R-New Jersey), David Price (D-North Carolina), and Don quently, the Commission’s final report has influenced several Young (R-Alaska)–signed two letters requesting that the additional federal bills and has been cited in Congressional Academy provide answers to the following questions: “Dear Colleague” letters in defense of federal funding for Title VI education programs and Fulbright-Hays Fellowships. It has How does language learning influence economic inspired curricular reviews on college and university campuses growth, cultural diplomacy, the productivity of future and is providing an intellectual foundation for the Lead with generations, and the fulfillment of all Americans? What Languages public campaign organized by the American Coun- actions should the nation take to ensure excellence in cil on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. Representatives of all languages as well as international education and language and learned societies, education advocacy organi- research, including how we may more effectively use zations, government agencies, and international business are current resources to advance language attainment? now collaborating as the America’s Language Working Group In response to this request, the Academy created the Commis- to advance the Commission’s recommendations. The group’s sion on Language Learning. The Commission’s final report, first product, a call-to-action called “Bridging America’s Lan- America’s Languages: Investing in Language Education for the 21st guage Gap,” has been endorsed by nearly two hundred leaders Century, offers concrete recommendations to improve access and institutions from a variety of sectors. The call-to-action is to as many languages as possible, for people of every age, eth- posted on the Commission’s website. nicity, and socioeconomic background.

Commission Chair Commission Members Mark Aronoff David Chu Stony Brook University Institute for Defense Analyses Paul LeClerc Martha G. Abbot Columbia Global Center-Paris, American Council on the Teaching Jessie “little doe” Baird Dan E. Davidson Columbia University of Foreign Languages Wôpanâak Language American Councils for Reclamation Project International Education; Bryn Mawr College

56 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING, continued

Nicholas B. Dirks Carol Gluck Marta Tienda Project Staff University of California, Berkeley Columbia University Princeton University John Tessitore Brian T. Edwards Nancy McEldowney Kenneth L. Wallach Julian Kronick Northwestern University Foreign Service Institute, Central National Gottesman Inc. U.S. Department of State Esha Senchaudhuri Karl Eikenberry Diane P. Wood Stanford University; Philip Rubin U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. Army, ret. Haskins Laboratories; formerly, Seventh Circuit Funders White House Office of Science Rosemary G. Feal Pauline Yu Henry Luce Foundation and Technology Policy Modern Language Association American Council of The Andrew W. Mellon of America Rubén G. Rumbaut Learned Societies Foundation University of California, Irvine

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING

America’s Languages: Investing in Language Education for the 21st Century (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

The State of Languages in the U.S.: A Statistical Portrait (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

PROJECT THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS

Part II. Undergraduate and Graduate Education in the Human- The Humanities Indicators are descriptive statistics that ities: The Indicators in this section focus on the types of chart trends over time in aspects of the humanities that are of courses undergraduate and graduate students take and the interest to a wide audience and for which there are available degrees they receive, and consider both preparedness for data. The Indicators provide data on a diverse array of topics graduate school and the conditions of graduate education. pertaining to the role of the humanities in the contemporary United States. These topics are organized into five major parts: Part III. The Humanities Workforce: These Indicators describe employment in humanistic settings and occupations, with Part I. Primary and Secondary Education in the Humanities: emphasis on postsecondary faculty, and also the career These Indicators cover national measures of achievement paths of those with undergraduate and graduate degrees in at the primary and secondary school levels; high school the humanities. course-taking; and the characteristics of primary and secondary faculty. Part IV. Humanities Funding and Research: These Indicators include data on federal, state, and private funding for the humanities, as well as on support for academic research.

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 57 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS, continued

Part V. The Humanities in American Life: The topics currently humanities in community colleges (reported in fall 2018) and treated in this section include humanistic skills and prac- a survey of humanities activities in the general public. Over tices, such as reading and multilingualism; support for the course of 2017, material from the Indicators was cited more and utilization of various humanistic institutions, such as the 70 times in the media, in publications ranging from Inside libraries and museums; and public attitudes toward the Higher Ed and The Chronicle of Higher Education to The Wall Street humanities. Journal and Time.

In addition to regular updates to the existing content, the proj- The Humanities Indicators are accessible at www.humanities ect also develops original research, including a survey of the indicators.org.

Project Director Felice J. Levine Funders American Historical Association American Educational Research Norman M. Bradburn The William and Flora Hewlett American Philosophical Association NORC at the University Foundation Association of Chicago Esther Mackintosh The Andrew W. Mellon American Political Science Federation of State Humanities Foundation Association Advisory Committee Councils National Endowment College Art Association Jack Buckley Judith Tanur for the Humanities American Institutes for Research Stony Brook University Federation of State Humanities Peck Stacpoole Foundation Councils Jonathan R. Cole Steven Wheatley Columbia University American Council of The Rockefeller Foundation History of Science Society Learned Societies John Dichtl Sara Lee Corporation Linguistic Society of America American Association for State Project Staff The Teagle Foundation Modern Language Association and Local History of America Paul Erickson Ronald G. Ehrenberg With advice and National Communication Cornell University Carolyn Fuqua assistance from: Association Michael Hout Robert B. Townsend American Academy of Religion National Humanities Alliance New York University American Council of Society for Biblical Literature Learned Societies

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS \\ THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS

The State of the Humanities 2018: Graduates in the Workforce & Beyond (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2018)

The State of the Humanities: Higher Education 2015 (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2015)

The State of the Humanities: Funding 2014 (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2014)

58 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ THE HUMANITIES INDICATORS

Planning a Survey of the Humanities and the Public

December 5, 2017 New York, NY

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation asked the Humanities and Washington, D.C., to discuss potential topics and ques- Indicators project to design a survey of public opinion regard- tions, which were developed subsequently into a test survey ing the humanities. The project convened two meetings with for cognitive interviews. leaders from the humanities communities in New York City

Participants Carolyn Fuqua David Laurence Kathy Rosa American Academy of Arts Modern Languages Association American Library Association Norman Bradburn, Chair and Sciences NORC at the University Alan Liu Judy Tanur of Chicago John Garnett 4Humanities; University of Stony Brook University American Academy of Arts California, Santa Barbara John Paul Christy Robert Townsend and Sciences American Council of Hunter O’Hanian American Academy of Arts Learned Societies Christine Henseler College Art Association and Sciences 4Humanities; Union College Paul Erickson Valerie Paley Steven Wheatley American Academy of Arts Paula Krebs New York Historical Society American Council of and Sciences Modern Languages Association Learned Societies

Planning a Survey of the Humanities and the Public

December 7, 2017 Washington, D.C.

Participants Sunil Iyengar Jane McAuliffe Jeffrey Thomas National Endowment for the Arts Library of Congress National Endowment Norman Bradburn, Chair for the Humanities NORC at the University Stephen Kidd Lynn Pasquarella of Chicago National Humanities Alliance American Association of Ann Wise Colleges and Universities Phi Beta Kappa Amy Ferrer Elise Lipkowitz American Philosophical National Science Board William Rivers Association Joint National Committee for Esther Mackintosh Languages—National Council Jim Grossman Federation of State Humanities for Languages and International American Historical Association Councils Studies

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 59 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

Advisory Committee Meeting

January 13, 2018 Washington, D.C.

At the annual meeting of the Advisory Committee for the dations related to upcoming projects, such as the National Humanities Indicators project, the participants reviewed the Inventory of Humanities Organizations, the survey of the previous year’s updates to the website and the news coverage humanities in community colleges, and the upcoming third the project received. The committee also discussed planned iteration of the Humanities Department Survey. revisions to the site for the coming year and made recommen-

Participants Ronald G. Ehrenberg Felice J. Levine Jeffrey Thomas Cornell University American Educational National Endowment for the Norman M. Bradburn Research Association Humanities NORC at the University Paul Erickson of Chicago American Academy of Arts Esther Mackintosh Robert Townsend and Sciences Federation of State American Academy of Arts Jack Buckley Humanities Councils and Sciences American Institutes for Research Carolyn Fuqua American Academy of Arts Judith Tanur Steven Wheatley Jonathan R. Cole and Sciences Stony Brook University American Council of Columbia University Learned Societies Michael Hout John Dichtl New York University American Association for State and Local History

PROJECT COMMISSION ON THE ARTS

In February 2016, the Academy began holding a series of con- cities (or on the nation), or track changes in school attendance versations on the possibility of forming a national Commis- and graduation rates relative to the number of art classes avail- sion on the Arts. Since then, the Academy has held twelve able. But participants in the sounding meetings stressed that conversations in eleven cities around the country with groups there was no national conversation taking place about what of arts leaders, funders, and practicing artists. These conver- the arts can do that other forms of communication cannot, sations engaged a range of Academy Members with an interest and about why that matters, both for the health of individuals in the arts. and our communities.

The consensus among participants in these meetings was that Overall, these sounding conversations made clear that artists the Academy could play an important role in the national con- and arts institutions play a crucial role in building resilient versation on the arts, as long as the Commission was given a communities, fostering cultural empathy, overcoming social tightly focused mandate and that it made an affirmative case isolation, and cultivating creativity and innovation. They also for the importance of the arts in the life of a twenty-first-cen- play an enormously important role in individual lives. Every- tury democracy. day Americans find solace and meaning through making music, or writing poetry, or painting–indeed, the scope and The most salient recommendation from the sounding meet- the significance of individual participation in the arts in the ings was that an Academy commission ought to focus on the course of daily life are crucial to maintaining cultural tradi- role of the arts in American life rather than on the state of the tions and simply creating joy. These factors are more difficult arts. Numerous studies exist that chart attendance at art muse- to measure than economic impact or school attendance, but ums, measure the economic impact of the arts on particular they are areas where the arts play a distinctive role.

60 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

COMMISSION ON THE ARTS, continued

The Academy convened a planning committee to evaluate feed- a proposal for the full Commission. The Academy’s Council and back from the sounding meetings, craft a clear mandate for the Board approved the proposal in April 2018, and the Commission Commission, and identify potential outcomes that would inform will be moving forward over the course of the coming year.

Planning Committee John Lithgow Project Staff Funders Actor Louise Bryson Paul Erickson The Ford Foundation J. Paul Getty Trust Kevin Young Julian Kronick The Getty Foundation Schomburg Center for Research Julie Burros in Black Culture at the New York Natoschia Scruggs The John S. and James L. Department of Arts and Culture, Public Library Knight Foundation City of Boston, MA Esha Senchaudhuri Laura Zabel The Kresge Foundation Katherine Farley Springboard for the Arts Lincoln Center for the Roger and Victoria Sant Performing Arts

PROJECT MEETINGS \\ COMMISSION ON THE ARTS

Planning Committee Meetings

August 3, 2017 October 5, 2017 March 28, 2018 American Academy American Academy teleconference meeting Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA

The Planning Committee reviewed feedback from the sound- provided suggestions on the Commission’s leadership, mem- ing meetings, discussed areas of focus for the Commission, bership, and timeline. responded to drafts of the proposal for the Commission, and

Sounding Meeting

January 19, 2018 Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art Bentonville, AR

Academy staff traveled to Bentonville for a conversation education in a rural area. This discussion added to the Acad- hosted by the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art. Par- emy’s understanding of the role of the arts and the place of ticipants discussed the role of the arts in Northwest Arkansas artists in communities outside of major metropolitan areas, and the particular challenges facing the arts, artists, and arts which informed the final proposal for the Commission.

Participants Megan Bolinder Charlotte Buchanan-Yale Simone Cottrell NorthWest Arkansas Museum of Native American Artist’s Laboratory Theatre Rod Bigelow Community College History Crystal Bridges Museum Paul Erickson of American Art John Brown III Diane Carroll American Academy of Arts Windgate Charitable Foundation Crystal Bridges Museum and Sciences of American Art

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 61 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

SOUNDING MEETING, continued

Bernice Hembree Jeannie Hulen Peter B. Lane Joe Randel Musician, Smokey & The Mirror University of Arkansas Walton Arts Center and Walton Family Foundation Walmart AMP Bryan Hembree Steve Jenkins Michael Riha Musician, Smokey & The Mirror NorthWest Arkansas Mary Ley University of Arkansas Community College Arkansas Arts Academy Katy Henriksen Paul Savas “Of Note,” KUAF; Debbie Jones Octavio Logo Trike Theatre “Ozarks at Large” Bentonville Schools Artist Eve Smith Matt Herren Sharon Killian Peter MacKeith Artist; Arts Center of the Ozarks Symphony of Northwest Arkansas Art Ventures NWA University of Arkansas Erin Hogue Julian Kronick Martin Miller The Walmart Foundation American Academy of Arts TheatreSquared and Sciences

Sounding Meeting

January 22, 2018 New Orleans Center for the Gulf South at Tulane University New Orleans, LA

This sounding meeting served as another opportunity to hear mission by providing perspectives on the complex interplay from artists, scholars, and arts administrators in smaller com- between commercial pressures and political engagement in munities and those outside of major coastal metropolitan artists’ careers, the role of individuals and institutions in the areas. This meeting enriched the final proposal for the Com- arts, and the importance of arts education.

Participants Denise Frazier Deborah Luster Ama Rogan New Orleans Center for the Gulf Photographer A Studio in the Woods, A Program Bruce Sunpie Barnes South at Tulane University of Tulane University Musician, Ethnographer Stephanie McKee Gia Hamilton Junebug Productions Maurice Carlos Ruffin Willie Birch Joan Mitchell Center Author Artist Elsie B Michie Julian Kronick Louisiana State University Nick Slie Rachel Breunlin American Academy of Arts Performer, Producer, and Cultural University of New Orleans Aurora Nealand and Sciences Organizer from Mondo Bizarro Musician Courtney Bryan Zachary Lazar Rebecca Snedeker Tulane University Mónica Ramirez-Montagut Tulane University New Orleans Center for the Gulf Newcomb Art Museum of Tulane Joel Dinerstein South at Tulane University Bryan Lee Jr. Tulane University Kathy Randels Colloqate Design; Monique Verdin ArtSpot Productions Paul Erickson Arts Council of New Orleans Documentarian American Academy of Arts Sonya Robinson and Sciences Arts Learning Consultant

62 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

Sounding Meeting

January 29, 2018 Neubauer Family Foundation Philadelphia, PA

This sounding meeting focused primarily on the role of K-12 the Neubauer Family Foundation. The meeting, with its focus arts education in an urban environment, using as a case study on K-12 education, added a valuable dimension to the Com- a framework for the presentation of arts content in the Phila- mission’s proposal and to the program staff’s understanding delphia Public Schools that was developed in partnership with of the issues surrounding arts education.

Participants Carolyn Fuqua Pheng Lim Mike O’Bryan American Academy of Arts Folk Arts Cultural Treasures The Village of Arts Dan Berkowitz and Sciences Neubauer Family Foundation John Lithgow John Orr Naomi Gonzalez Actor ArtReach Sarah Cooper The Philadelphia Orchestra Pennsylvania Ballet Frank Machos Jean-Michel Rabate Liz Grimaldi Office of Arts and Academic University of Pennsylvania Becky Cornejo Fleisher Art Memorial Enrichment, School District of Neubauer Family Foundation Christine Witkowski Philadelphia Robert Hauser ArtistYear Paul Erickson American Philosophical Society Lisa Murch American Academy of Arts Mural Art and Sciences

Previous Sounding Meetings

February 5, 2016 May 11, 2016 September 26, 2016 January 13, 2017 Los Angeles, CA Chicago, IL (two meetings) Cambridge, MA Miami, FL

March 28, 2016 September 12, 2016 November 17, 2016 February 10, 2017 New York, NY Washington, D.C. San Francisco, CA St. Louis, MO

THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE 63 Exploratory Initiatives

THE EXPLORATORY FUND

he Exploratory Fund was established in 2015 to support Members who Twish to work together, and with other scholars, experts, and practitioners, to look over the horizon for issues and opportunities not well understood, to think of problems in a fresh way, and to search for connections between research and policy that advance the common good. Through the Exploratory Fund, the Academy is committed to encouraging forward-thinking collaborations that incorporate diverse perspectives and bring together creative thinkers and leaders representing a range of disciplines, career stages, backgrounds, and experiences. Proposals are accepted on a rolling basis and awarded funds to cover the costs associated with an Exploratory Meeting. The Exploratory Fund has supported proposals on a wide array of topics, from The Future of Jazz in America to Under- standing the New Nuclear Age. Members are encouraged to contact the Academy President and staff to discuss their ideas for Exploratory Meetings. The Exploratory Fund is made possible through the generous support of the Arnhold Foundation, John F. Cogan, Jr., Michael E. Gellert, Bob and Kristine Higgins, Carl and Betty Pforzheimer, William Poorvu, and Kenneth L. and Susan S. Wallach.

RECENT EXPLORATORY MEETINGS

Technology and the Future of Work

February 20–21, 2018 Cambridge, MA

In partnership with the Royal Society and the U.K. Science and of fields: from sociology, business, and public policy to labor, Innovation Network, the Academy held an exploratory meet- computer science, and economics. Keynote speakers included ing on “Technology and the Future of Work.” Led by cochairs Earl Lewis, President of The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Peter Donnelly, Margaret Levi, and Moshe Vardi, the par- Antony Phillipson, Her Majesty’s Trade Commissioner to the ticipants discussed how ai-enabled automation will affect the United States, and Megan Smith, ceo of shift7 and formerly workforce, what can be learned from history, and the use of ai Third U.S. Chief Technology Officer. for the social good. The participants represented a wide range

64 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Exploratory Initiatives

TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE OF WORK, continued

Chairs Mary L. Gray Jess Montgomery Daniela Rus Microsoft Research; Royal Society Massachusetts Institute Peter Donnelly Harvard University of Technology University of Oxford Alondra Nelson Barbara Grosz Social Science Research Council; Juliet Schor Margaret Levi Harvard University Columbia University Boston College Stanford University Wendy Hall, frs David Parkes Kristin Sharp Moshe Vardi University of Southampton Harvard University New America Rice University Andrew Hopper, frs Alex Pentland Megan Smith Participants University of Cambridge Massachusetts Institute shift7 of Technology Daron Acemoglu Louis Hyman Alfred Z. Spector Massachusetts Institute Cornell University Nancy Peretsman Two Sigma Investments of Technology Allen & Company, Inc. Jeff Inglis James M. Stone Andrew Blake, frs The Conversation Carl Pforzheimer Plymouth Rock Companies Alan Turing Institute Carl H. Pforzheimer & Co. Anita Jivani John Van Reenen Brad Burnham Envision Business Consulting Antony Phillipson Massachusetts Institute Union Square Ventures U.K. Government of Technology Frank Kelly, frs James Caldwell University of Cambridge Ronit Prawer Michelle Weise University of Wyoming U.K. Science & Innovation Strada Education Network Will Knight Network Luke Clarke MIT Technology Review Irving Wladawsky-Berger Royal Society Jason Resnikoff Massachusetts Institute of Bruce Laurie Columbia University Technology; Wall Street Journal University of Massachusetts, Gail Cohen CIO Journal National Academies of Sciences, Amherst Dan Restuccia Engineering, and Medicine Burning Glass Technologies Earl Lewis Christina Colclough The Andrew W. Mellon Alex Rosenblat UNI Global Union Foundation Data & Society Research Institute Claire Craig Nelson Lichtenstein Royal Society University of California, Santa Barbara Marcus du Sautoy, frs University of Oxford J. Michael Locke formerly, Rasmussen Inc. Juan Enriquez Excel Venture Management James Manyika McKinsey Global Institute Jonathan F. Fanton American Academy of Arts Robert Margo and Sciences Boston University Richard B. Freeman Ehsan Masood Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Howard Gardner Harvard Graduate School Angela McLean, frs of Education University of Oxford Katherine Gorman Jamie Merisotis Talking Machines Lumina Foundation Wendy Hall and Howard Gardner

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 65 Exploratory Initiatives

Moving Toward Equality: Mapping Women’s Achievements and Challenges around the World

December 15–16, 2017 Cambridge, MA

On December 15–16, 2017, Academy Members Nannerl Keo- including politics, economics, gender studies, public policy, hane and Frances McCall Rosenbluth convened a meeting at human rights activism, history, law, and more. The discus- the Academy that explored the social, political, and economic sions focused on five major areas: Work and the Economy; realities for women across multiple and diverse contexts– the Care Agenda; Vulnerability and Resilience; Innovation considering, for example, how women exercise influence as in Global Development; and Feminism and Inclusion. The leaders, managers, mothers, and citizens to make changes in meeting grew out of an exploratory meeting on Women and their communities, and how women relate to power. The par- Equality, held at the Academy in 2016. ticipants represented numerous fields of study and practice,

Chairs Rafaela Dancygier Anne Marie Goetz Sara Lowes Princeton University New York University Bocconi University Nannerl O. Keohane Princeton University Paula England Darlene Clark Hine Catharine Alice MacKinnon New York University Michigan State University University of Michigan Frances McCall Rosenbluth Law School Yale University Yassine Fall Mala Htun African Women Millennium Initia University of New Mexico Rose McDermott tive on Poverty and Human Rights Brown University Participants Anita Jivani Tithi Bhattacharya Jonathan F. Fanton Deloitte Anne Patterson Purdue University American Academy of Arts formerly, U.S. Department Anne E. Lacsamana and Sciences of State Kamala Chandrakirana Hamilton College Musawah Nancy Folbre Marshanda Smith Jieyu Liu University of Massachusetts, Michigan State University SOAS China Institute Martha Chen Amherst Harvard Kennedy School Marta Tienda Princeton University

Participants at the conference on Moving Toward Equality: Mapping Women’s Achievements and Challenges around the World

66 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Exploratory Initiatives

Constraints on Revising National Memories Planning Meeting

December 4, 2017 Cambridge, MA

In too many countries today one hears comments about how findings also extend to the latest research in neuroscience on people in power feel entitled to rewrite history. At a time how various areas of the brain work. Academy Members Henry when nationalist and populist leaders are emerging across the Roediger and James Wertsch convened a small group of schol- globe, this issue takes on especially ominous overtones. Recent ars from psychology, history, and sociology to begin planning research in cognitive psychology has shown that people inter- a larger interdisciplinary exploratory meeting on the implica- pret current events and imagine events in the future based on tions of psychological and neuroscientific research on collec- how they recollect similar events from the past. Some of these tive memories held by people in nation-states and their leaders.

Chairs Participants Carol Gluck Roger Petersen Columbia University Massachusetts Institute Henry L. Roediger III David Blight of Technology Washington University in Yale University Jeffrey Olick St. Louis University of Virginia Daniel Schacter Amy Corning Harvard University James V. Wertsch University of Michigan Institute Washington University in for Social Research St. Louis

Science and the Legal System

July 20–21, 2017 Cambridge, MA

As the overlap between scientific learning and legal issues Shari Diamond and Richard Lempert, who are guest editing increases, leading scientists have reportedly shied away from an issue of Dædalus on “Science and the Legal System,” con- involvement with the legal system or have had difficulties vened leading scientists, lawyers, and legal scholars to learn communicating their knowledge. Despite the importance of what motivates scientists to participate in legal processes and this issue, there are few systematic studies on how scientists to recommend ways to improve the relationship between sci- view the legal system or on their experiences as consultants to ence and the law. lawyers or judges or as expert witnesses. Academy Members

Chairs Robert Cook-Deegan Susan Haack Anne-Marie Mazza Arizona State University University of Miami National Academies of Sciences, Shari Diamond Engineering, and Medicine Northwestern University Rebecca Eisenberg Valerie Hans University of Michigan Cornell Law School Jennifer L. Mnookin Richard Lempert Law School University of California, University of Michigan Sheila Jasanoff Los Angeles School of Law Nancy Gertner Harvard Kennedy School Harvard Law School; Jed Rakoff Participants Jay Kadane U.S. District Court for the U.S. District Court for the Carnegie Mellon University Huda Akil District of Massachusetts, ret. Southern District of New York University of Michigan Elizabeth Loftus Linda Greenhouse University of California, Irvine Yale Law School

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 67 Exploratory Initiatives

SCIENCE AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM, continued

Daniel Rubinfeld Michael Saks Joseph Sanders Patti Saris University of California, Sandra Day O’Connor College of University of Houston Law U.S. District Court for the Berkeley School of Law; Law, Arizona State University District of Massachusetts New York University

Valerie Hans and Jennifer Mnookin Patti Saris, Linda Greenhouse, and Anne-Marie Mazza

Huda Akil and Joseph Sanders Nancy Gertner and Daniel Rubinfeld

68 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Exploratory Initiatives

PREVIOUS EXPLORATORY MEETINGS

Nationalism, Populism, and the Preserving Intellectual Legacies in a Digital Age Future of Global Governance September 22–23, 2016 June 12, 2017 Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA Native Americans and Academia The Future of Public Media August 21–23, 2016 June 5, 2017 Cambridge, MA New York, NY The Future of Jazz in America The Children of Immigrants May 19, 2016 in New Places of Settlement Cambridge, MA April 20–21, 2017 Cambridge, MA Bridging the Gap between Area and Global Studies Building and Strengthening the Joint March 7, 2016 Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Cambridge, MA February 5–6, 2017 Cambridge, MA Collaborative on Autism and Sign Language December 12–13, 2015 Women and Equality Cambridge, MA December 10, 2016 Cambridge, MA Making Justice Accessible November 11–12, 2015 R2P: Cultural Heritage Cambridge, MA November 29–December 1, 2016 London, England Understanding the New Nuclear Age June 19, 2015 Best Practices in Philanthropic Funding Cambridge, MA October 17–18, 2016 Cambridge, MA

EXPLORATORY INITIATIVES 69 Local Program Committees

LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES

he Academy’s Local Program Committees bring local Members together to Texplore topics of interest at the local or national level; to provide opportunities for social and intellectual connection; to advise on current Academy projects; and to elevate the impact of Academy reports and publications. During the 2017–2018 fiscal year, 153 Members served on 14 committees and hosted 26 events around the country. The Academy is working to establish committees in additional locations, as well as identify local representatives in smaller communities.

BERKELEY Susan Paine Shari Diamond Edward P. Djerejian PROGRAM COMMITTEE formerly, Museum of Fine Arts Northwestern University Rice University Boston Jesse H. Choper, Chair Mark Hansen Neal Lane University of California, Katharine Park University of Chicago Rice University Berkeley School of Law Harvard University Carol Lee David. W. Leebron David A. Hollinger Steven Pinker Northwestern University Rice University University of California, Berkeley Harvard University John W. McCarter, Jr. Ruth Simmons Randy W. Schekman William Poorvu Field Museum of Natural History Brown University University of California, Berkeley; Harvard Business School Eric Neilson Edwin Thomas Howard Hughes Medical Institute Gigliola Staffilani Northwestern University Rice University Massachusetts Institute James W. Pellegrino of Technology BOSTON-CAMBRIDGE University of Illinois at Chicago Mriganka Sur LOS ANGELES PLANNING COMMITTEE Lucia B. Rothman-Denes Massachusetts Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE David E. Bloom University of Chicago of Technology Louis Geoffrey Cowan, Chair Harvard T. H. Chan School Diane Wood Sherry Turkle University of Southern California of Public Health United States Court of Appeals, Massachusetts Institute Frances Hamilton Arnold Richard E. Cavanagh Seventh Circuit of Technology California Institute of Technology Harvard Kennedy School Austin Beutner Felton Earls HOUSTON Vision to Learn Harvard T. H. Chan CHICAGO PROGRAM COMMITTEE School of Public Health; PROGRAM COMMITTEE Gene D. Block Harvard Medical School Lee H. Rosenthal, Cochair University of California, Natasha Trethewey, Cochair United States District Court, Los Angeles Lawrence K. Fish Northwestern University Southern District of Texas formerly, Citizens Bank Louise Henry Bryson Patrick G. Ryan, Cochair John Mendelsohn, Cochair J. Paul Getty Trust Sally Haslanger Ryan Specialty Group; World University of Texas MD Anderson Massachusetts Institute Sport Chicago Albert Carnesale Cancer Center; Rice University of Technology University of California, Amanda Woodward, Cochair Ernest H. Cockrell Los Angeles Arthur Jaffe University of Chicago Cockrell Interests, Inc.; Harvard University James Cuno Cockrell Foundation J. Paul Getty Trust

70 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Local Program Committees

LOS ANGELES Robert Ellickson Kenneth L. Wallach, Cochair PRINCETON PROGRAM COMMITTEE, Yale Law School Central National Gottesman Inc. PROGRAM COMMITTEE CONTINUED Alan Gerber Diane Ackerman Stanley Katz, Chair Louis M. Gomez Yale University Ithaca, NY Princeton University University of California, Linda Greenhouse Thomas Bender Peter Brooks Los Angeles Yale Law School New York University Princeton University Maria D. Hummer-Tuttle Henry Hansmann Martin L. Leibowitz Michael A. Cook J. Paul Getty Trust Yale Law School Morgan Stanley Princeton University Steven S. Koblik Roger Howe Nicholas Lemann Janet Currie The Huntington Library, Yale University Columbia University Graduate Princeton University Art Collections, and School of Journalism Botanical Gardens John Langbein Jill Dolan Yale Law School Daniel Rose Princeton University Sherry Lansing Rose Associates, Inc. Sherry Lansing Foundation Joseph Lapalombara Carol Greenhouse Yale University Matthew Santirocco Princeton University John Lithgow New York University Los Angeles, CA Mary Ellen Miller Arthur Levine Yale University Deborah Spar Princeton University Chrysotomos L. Max Nikias New York, NY University of Southern California Peter Perdue Nolan McCarty Yale University Princeton University David W. Oxtoby Pomona College Thomas Pollard PHILADELPHIA Harold Poor Yale University Princeton University Thomas F. Rosenbaum PROGRAM COMMITTEE California Institute of Technology Douglas Rae Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Marta Tienda Yale University Cochair Princeton University University of Pennsylvania Judith Resnik Michael Wood NEW HAVEN Yale Law School Nora S. Newcombe, Cochair Princeton University PROGRAM COMMITTEE Temple University John Roemer Froma Zeitlin Frances McCall Rosenbluth, Yale University Philip P. Betancourt Princeton University Chair Temple University Yale University Alan Schwartz Yale Law School Nancy Bonini Thomas Appelquist University of Pennsylvania PROVIDENCE Yale University Ian Shapiro PROGRAM COMMITTEE Yale University Jonathan A. Epstein Seyla Benhabib University of Pennsylvania, Jill Pipher, Chair Yale University John Tully Perelman School of Medicine Brown University Yale University John Carlson Martha Farah Rose McDermott Yale University Megan Urry University of Pennsylvania Brown University Yale University Kang-I Chang Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. Yale University University of Pennsylvania RESEARCH TRIANGLE Margaret Clark NEW YORK J. Larry Jameson PROGRAM COMMITTEE Yale University PROGRAM COMMITTEE University of Pennsylvania Terry Magnuson, Cochair Stephen Darwall Carol Gluck, Cochair Perelman School of Medicine University of North Carolina Yale University; Columbia University Jean-Michel Rabate at Chapel Hill University of Michigan Mark Kaplan, Cochair University of Pennsylvania Paula D. McClain, Cochair Michael Donoghue Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Nathan Sivin Duke University Yale University Flom LLP & Affiliates University of Pennsylvania

LOCAL PROGRAM COMMITTEES 71 Local Program Committees

SAN DIEGO Geoffrey M. Wahl A’Lelia Bundles PROGRAM COMMITTEE Salk Institute for Washington, D.C. Biological Studies Gordon N. Gill, Chair Mary Sue Coleman University of California, John B. West Association of American San Diego School of Medicine University of California, Universities San Diego School of Medicine Shu Chien John J. Degioia University of California, Georgetown University San Diego ST. LOUIS Donald Graham Patricia Churchland PROGRAM COMMITTEE Graham Holdings Co. University of California, Sanford D. Greenberg San Diego Gerald Early, Chair Washington University in TEI Industries, Inc. Michael Cole St. Louis Irene Hirano Inouye University of California, U.S.-Japan Council San Diego Lee Epstein Washington University in Alan I. Leshner Fred H. Gage St. Louis American Association for the Salk Institute for Advancement of Science Biological Studies Kenneth Ludmerer Washington University in Richard Meserve Benedict H. Gross St. Louis School of Medicine Covington & Burling LLP; Harvard University Emily Pulitzer formerly, Carnegie Institution Theodore Groves The Pulitzer Foundation for Science University of California, for the Arts Erin K. O’Shea San Diego Peter Raven Howard Hughes Medical Institute Tony Hunter Missouri Botanical Garden Earl A. Powell III Salk Institute for National Gallery of Art Biological Studies Robert E. Ricklefs University of Missouri at St. Louis Rebecca W. Rimel Harvey J. Karten Pew Charitable Trusts University of California, Larry Shapiro University Health Partners San Diego School of Medicine Roger Sant of Hawaii The Summit Foundation David A. Lake James Wertsch University of California, Victoria P. Sant Washington University in San Diego The Summit Foundation St. Louis Thomas Levy Margaret C. Simms Mark Wrighton University of California, Center on Labor, Human Washington University in San Diego Services, and Population at the St. Louis Urban Institute J. Andrew McCammon University of California, David J. Skorton San Diego WASHINGTON, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Donald A. Norman PROGRAM COMMITTEE Patty Stonesifer University of California, Steven Knapp, Chair Martha’s Table San Diego George Washington University Jerrold M. Olefsky Norman Augustine University of California, Lockheed Martin Corporation San Diego School of Medicine David B. Brooks Susan S. Taylor New York Times Company University of California, San Diego School of Medicine

72 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

MEMBER EVENTS, 2017–2018

he annual program of Academy events held around the country as well as Tinternationally is designed to connect Members, experts, and audiences in diverse geographic locations; promote civic discourse on topics of national and global concern from multidisciplinary perspectives; and gather feedback on, raise awareness of, and amplify the impact of the Academy’s work. During the 2017–2018 fiscal year, the Academy held events in 31 cities with nearly a thousand Members attending at least one event in person.

CALIFORNIA PASADENA

BERKELEY March 1, 2018 California Institute of Technology October 26, 2017* Bryson Symposium on Climate and Energy Policy University of California, Berkeley Featured Speakers: Dallas Burtraw (Resources for the Future), Priorities for Progress: Ralph Cavanagh (nrdc), Nathan S. Lewis (California Advancing Higher Education in America Institute of Technology), Mary Nichols (California Air Featured Speakers: Robert J. Birgeneau (University of Cali- Resources Board), Ronald Nichols (Southern California fornia, Berkeley), Bob Jacobsen (University of California, Edison), Thomas Rosenbaum (California Institute of Tech- Berkeley), Monica Lozano (College Futures Foundation), nology), Maxine L. Savitz (Honeywell, Inc., ret.), Robert Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) Weisenmiller (California Energy Commission)

LOS ANGELES SAN DIEGO

July 18, 2017* September 25, 2017* Los Angeles, CA University of California, San Diego Los Angeles Program Committee Meeting San Diego Program Committee Meeting

October 22, 2017* October 23, 2017* Los Angeles, CA Sanford Consortium Creativity: What Is It and Can It Be Taught? Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture How Are Humans Different from Other Great Apes? Featured Speakers: Dianne Newman (California Institute of Technology), John Seely Brown (University of South- Featured Speakers: Fred H. Gage (The Salk Institute; carta), ern California; Deloitte Center for Edge Innovation), Leo Margaret J. Schoeninger (University of California, San Braudy (University of Southern California). Moderator: Diego; carta), Pascal Gagneux (University of California, Louis Gomez (University of California, Los Angeles) San Diego; carta), Ajit Varki (University of California, San Diego; carta)

May 29, 2018* Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles Program Committee Meeting * Activity of a Local Program Committee or Representative

MEMBER EVENTS 73 Member Events, 2017–2018

February 1, 2018* CONNECTICUT University of California, San Diego San Diego Local Program Committee Meeting NEW HAVEN

September 8, 2017* February 13, 2018* Yale University University of California, San Diego Why are American Politics Polarized? Investment and Matching: The Economics of Specialized Markets Featured Speakers: Gary C. Jacobson (University of Califor- nia, San Diego), Thad Kousser (University of California, San Featured Speaker: Larry Samuelson (Yale University) Diego). Moderator: Peter Alexis Gourevitch (University of California, San Diego) November 3, 2017* Yale University SAN FRANCISCO Why Study Close Relationships? Featured Speaker: Margaret Clark (Yale University) October 26, 2017 The James Irvine Foundation December 1, 2017* Democratic Citizenship and Civic Engagement Yale University Featured Speakers: Deborah Cullinan (Yerba Buena Center Gains from Trade and Inequality for the Arts), Thomas Ehrlich (Stanford University), Joseph Featured Speaker: Samuel S. Kortum (Yale University) Kahne (University of California, Riverside)

February 2, 2018* STANFORD Yale University October 23, 2017 Does Agency Structure Affect Stanford University Decisionmaking? Civil Wars, Global Disorder, and the Future of the Featured Speaker: Roberta Romano (Yale University) International System Featured Speakers: Michael McFaul (Stanford University), April 6, 2018* Michele Barry (Stanford School of Medicine), Karl W. Yale University Eikenberry (Stanford University), James D. Fearon (Stan- The Practice of Democratic Citizenship ford University), Francis Fukuyama (Stanford University), Featured Speaker: Stephen Heintz (Rockefeller Brothers Stephen D. Krasner (Stanford University), Stephen Sted- Fund) man (Stanford University), Paul Wise (Stanford University)

April 27, 2018* October 25, 2017 Yale University Stanford University Who Is Elite Higher Education For? Some Data Citizenship in a Global Digital Era Points from the History of an Answer Featured Speakers: Brittan Heller (Anti-Defamation League), Featured Speaker: Richard H. Brodhead (Duke University) Matt Mahan (Brigade), Adrian Reyna (United We Dream) May 4, 2018* Yale University The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin’s Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World Featured Speaker: Richard O. Prum (Yale University)

74 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Pascal Gagneux, Fred Gage, Margaret Schoeninger, Ajit Varki, and Gordon Gill Steven Beckwith and Carol Mimura

Scott Sagan and Francisco Wong-Diaz Michael McPherson, Kenneth Wachter, and Randy Schekman

Louis Gomez, Leo Braudy, Dianne Newman, and John Seely Brown Member Events, 2017–2018

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GEORGIA

WASHINGTON, D.C. ATLANTA

November 30, 2017 March 27, 2018 National Press Club Georgia Institute of Technology Report Launch and Discussion: The Future of Roundtable Discussion: Challenges for Undergraduate Education, The Future of America International Scientific Partnerships Featured Speakers: Deborah Loewenberg Ball (University of Featured Speakers: Wayne Clough (Georgia Institute of Tech- Michigan); Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. (Purdue University); nology), Arthur Bienenstock (Stanford University), Peter John J. DeGioia (Georgetown University); Roger W. Fergu- Michelson (Stanford University) son, Jr. (tiaa); Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) ILLINOIS November 30, 2017* The Cosmos Club CHAMPAIGN Member Dinner and Discussion: The Future of April 25, 2018 Undergraduate Education, The Future of America University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Featured Speakers: Rebecca Blank (University of Wisconsin- Madison), Steven Knapp (George Washington University), Roundtable Discussion: Challenges for Nicholas Lemann (Columbia University Graduate School International Scientific Partnerships of Journalism) Featured Speakers: Arthur Bienenstock (Stanford University), Robert Jones (University of Illinois at Urbana- December 5, 2017 Champaign), John Katzenellenbogen (University of Illinois National Museum of Natural History at Urbana-Champaign), Reitu Mabokela (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Peter Michelson (Stanford Objects of Wonder: The Face of Battle without the University), Gene Robinson (University of Illinois at Rules of War Urbana-Champaign) Featured Speakers: Jake Homiak (National Museum of Natu- ral History), Scott D. Sagan (Stanford University) CHICAGO

November 5, 2017 FLORIDA University of Chicago Reception Honoring Alan Alda and HOBE SOUND Edward O. Wilson January 14, 2018* Featured Speakers: Mark Hansen (University of Chicago), Hobe Sound, FL John McCarter (Field Museum of Natural History) Member Luncheon November 5, 2017 Rockefeller Memorial Chapel PALM BEACH Chicago Humanities Festival: The Humanities, January 14, 2018* Sciences, and the Origins of Creativity Palm Beach, FL Featured Speakers: Alan Alda (New York, NY), Edward O. Member Dinner Wilson (Harvard University), Natasha Trethewey (North- western University)

76 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Francis Fukuyama, Stephen Stedman, James Fearon, Karl Eikenberry, Stephen Krasner, Michele Barry, and Paul Wise

Bryson Symposium on Climate and Energy Policy: Dallas Burtraw, Nathan S. Lewis, Maxine L. Savitz, Robert B. Weisenmiller, Ralph Cavanagh, Louise Bryson, Ronald O. Nichols, and Mary Nichols

Loren Rothschild, Jonathan Fanton, Thomas Rosenbaum, and Steven Koblik Natasha Trethewey Member Events, 2017–2018

April 23, 2018 September 22, 2017 University of Chicago House of the Academy Roundtable Discussion: Stability and Instability in An Evening with the Holberg Prize the Nuclear Age Featured Speakers: Sigmund Grønmo (University of Ber- Featured Speakers: Robert Rosner (University of Chicago), gen), Manuel Castells (University of Southern California), Francesca Giovannini (American Academy of Arts and Stephen Greenblatt (Harvard University), Eliza Griswold Sciences) (New America Foundation)

April 23, 2018 October 6, 2017 Chicago, IL House of the Academy Member Dinner A Celebration of the Arts and Humanities Featured Speaker: Diane Wood (United States Court of Featured Speakers: Elizabeth Broun (Smithsonian American Appeals, Seventh Circuit) Art Museum), Brenda L. Hillman (St. Mary’s College of California), Greil Marcus (Oakland, CA), Lynn Nottage EVANSTON (Columbia University), Faith Ringgold (University of Cali- fornia, San Diego), Mark S. Slobin (Wesleyan University), April 24, 2018 Arthur C. Sze (Institute of American Indian Arts) Northwestern University Roundtable Discussion: An Africa Story October 7, 2017 Harvard University Featured Speaker: Natasha Trethewey (Northwestern University) Induction Ceremony Featured Speakers: Ursula Burns (Xerox Corporation), James P. Allison (University of Texas md Anderson Cancer Cen- MARYLAND ter), Heather K. Gerken (Yale Law School), Jane Mayer (The New Yorker), Gerald Chan (Morningside) BALTIMORE October 8, 2017 January 24, 2018 House of the Academy Johns Hopkins University Annual David M. Rubenstein Lecture Roundtable Discussion: Public Health and Looking at Earth: An Astronaut’s Journey Local Communities Featured Speakers: Kathryn D. Sullivan (Smithsonian Institu- Featured Speakers: Paul Spiegel (Center for Humanitarian tion National Air and Space Museum), David M. Rubenstein Health), Paul Wise (Stanford University) (The Carlyle Group; Smithsonian Institution)

October 17, 2017* MASSACHUSETTS House of the Academy Social Reception CAMBRIDGE Featured Speakers: Laurence Senelick (Tufts University), David Gullete (The Poets’ Theatre), Robert Scanlon (The August 29, 2017 Poets’ Theatre) House of the Academy A Discussion of Current Events

78 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Robert Gallucci, Richard Meserve, and Alan Leshner Rebecca Blank, Steven Knapp, and David Ward

Jonathan Fanton, Roger Ferguson, Jr., Michael McPherson, Mitchell Daniels, Deborah Ball, and John DeGioia

Mary Sue Coleman and Jane McAuliffe Alice Eagly and Jonathan Holloway Member Events, 2017–2018

November 3, 2017 December 8, 2017 House of the Academy House of the Academy Exit: The Endings That Set Us Free The Collapse of Ancient Civilizations Featured Speaker: Sarah Lawrence-Lightfoot (Harvard Featured Speaker: Malcolm Wiener (Institute for Aegean University) Prehistory; Harvard University)

November 8, 2017 February 2, 2018 House of the Academy House of the Academy Redistricting and Representation Who Was Elizabeth Bishop? Featured Speakers: Gary King (Harvard University), Patti B. Featured Speaker: Lloyd Schwartz (University of Massachu- Saris (United States District Court for the District of setts Boston) Massachusetts), Jamal Greene (Columbia Law School), Moon Duchin (Tufts University) February 2, 2018 House of the Academy November 9, 2017 Music of South America and Spain House of the Academy Chamber series in collaboration with the Cantata Singers Conversation with Robert Kraft Featured Speaker: Robert Kraft (The Kraft Group) February 6, 2018 House of the Academy November 17, 2017 Jefferson, Race, and Democracy House of the Academy Featured Speakers: Annette Gordon-Reed (Harvard Univer- Mozart, Beethoven, and Haydn sity), Peter Onuf (American Antiquarian Society; University Chamber series in collaboration with the Cantata Singers of Virginia)

December 1, 2017 February 22, 2018* House of the Academy House of the Academy American Philosophy: A Love Story Boston-Cambridge Planning Committee Meeting Featured Speaker: John Kaag (University of Massachusetts Lowell) February 23, 2018 House of the Academy December 5, 2017 The Leadership Challenges of Artificial House of the Academy Intelligence The Origins of Creativity Featured Speaker: Jonathan Zittrain (Harvard University) Featured Speaker: Edward O. Wilson (Harvard University) April 6, 2018 December 6, 2017 House of the Academy House of the Academy Dying in America Winter Concert featuring the Boston Symphony Featured Speaker: Marcia Angell (Harvard Medical School) Orchestra Horn Quartet April 6, 2018 House of the Academy Music of the Baltic Nations Chamber series in collaboration with the Cantata Singers

80 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Jonathan Fanton and Daniel Diermeier Gene Robinson and John Katzenellenbogen

A Celebration of the Arts and Humanities, featuring Arthur C. Sze, Lynn Nottage, Mark S. Slobin, Faith Ringgold, Elizabeth Broun, Greil Marcus, and Brenda L. Hillman

2017 Induction Ceremony Class speakers: Jane Mayer, Ursula M. Burns, James P. Allison, Heather K. Gerken, and Gerald Chan Member Events, 2017–2018

April 12, 2018 June 18, 2018 House of the Academy Massachusetts Institute of Technology Annual Awards Ceremony: A Celebration of the Roundtable Discussion: Challenges for Arts and Sciences International Science Partnerships Featured Speakers: Martha C. Nussbaum (University of Chicago), Barbara J. Meyer (University of California, Berkeley) MICHIGAN

April 19, 2018* ANN ARBOR Fish Family Foundation November 1, 2017 Luncheon and Discussion: The Future of Higher University of Michigan Education Member Breakfast and Discussion: Featured Speakers: David W. Oxtoby (Pomona College), The Public Face of Science Lawrence K. Fish (Fish Family Foundation) Featured Speakers: Arthur Lupia (University of Michigan); Mark Schlissel (University of Michigan) May 3, 2018 House of the Academy Member Luncheon MISSOURI

May 3, 2018 ST. LOUIS House of the Academy Songs of Love and Death: Sonnets by Petrarch April 16, 2018* and others set by Cipriano de Rore in “I madrigali Washington University in St. Louis a cinque voci” (Venice, 1542) St. Louis Program Committee Meeting Featured Speaker: Jessie Ann Owens (University of California, Davis). Introduction: Jane A. Bernstein (Tufts University). Performance by Blue Heron NEW JERSEY

PRINCETON May 11, 2018 House of the Academy February 21, 2018* The City in Film: How Watching Movies Princeton University Taught Me To Read Cities Research, Truth, and Academic Freedom Featured Speaker: Ezra Haber Glenn (Massachusetts Institute Featured Speakers: Anne A. Cheng (Princeton University), Jill of Technology) Dolan (Princeton University), Hendrik Hartog (Princeton University), Joan Wallach Scott (Institute for Advanced June 13, 2018 Study). Moderator: Peter Brooks (Princeton University) House of the Academy Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the May 10, 2018* Cafeteria? And Other Conversations About Race Princeton University Featured Speaker: Beverly Daniel Tatum (Spelman College) Princeton Program Committee Meeting

82 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Kathryn S. Fuller and John Lithgow, reading from the 2017 David M. Rubenstein Lecture – Looking at Earth: An Astronaut’s letters of John and Abigail Adams Journey, featuring David M. Rubenstein and Kathryn D. Sullivan

Jamal Greene, Moon Duchin, Gary King, and Patti B. Saris Gigliola Staffilani, Tomasz Mrowka, and Irene Greif

Lee Rosenthal, Edward Djerejian, and Huda Zoghbi Winter concert, featuring the Boston Symphony Orchestra Horn Quartet Member Events, 2017–2018

NEW MEXICO NORTH CAROLINA

SANTA FE DURHAM

March 21, 2018 September 26, 2017 Santa Fe, NM Duke University Member Dinner Member Reception: The Future of Undergraduate Education Featured Speakers: Nancy C. Andrews (American Academy of NEW YORK Arts and Sciences), Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) ITHACA RALEIGH September 11, 2017* Cornell University September 29, 2017 Roundtable Discussion: The Public Face of Science Stough Elementary School Featured Speakers: Diane Ackerman (Ithaca, NY); America’s Languages in North Carolina Nancy C. Andrews (Duke University) Featured Speakers: Nancy C. Andrews (American Academy of Arts and Sciences); Jeffrey Braden (North Carolina State NEW YORK CITY University); Karl W. Eikenberry (Stanford University); David E. Price (U.S. House of Representatives, North Caro- September 7, 2017* lina’s Fourth District); Frederick Rick Van Sant (Go Global New York, NY NC); Randy Woodson (North Carolina State University) New York Program Committee Meeting

November 28, 2017 OHIO New York, NY Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture CLEVELAND From Enrollment to Excellence: August 24, 2017 New Opportunities for American Cleveland, OH Undergraduate Education Member Breakfast Featured Speakers: Vartan Gregorian (Carnegie Corporation of New York), Nicholas Lemann (Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism), Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation), Gail O. Mellow TEXAS (LaGuardia Community College) AUSTIN

June 4, 2018 February 14, 2018 New York, NY University of Texas at Austin Reception for New Members Roundtable Discussion: Featured Speakers: Jonathan F. Fanton (American Academy), Perceptions of Science in America Stephen Heintz (Rockefeller Brothers Fund) Featured Speaker: Larry R. Faulkner (University of Texas at Austin)

84 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Stephen Heintz, James Cuno, and Pauline Yu Edward O. Wilson and Jonathan Fanton

Peter Onuf and Annette Gordon-Reed Venkatesh Narayanamurti, Larry Shapiro, and Gordon Gill

Marcia Angell and Robert Rotberg Lucia Rothman-Denes and Don Randel Member Events, 2017–2018

HOUSTON INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

September 26, 2017* CANADA Rice University Genomics in Medicine May 29, 2018 Vancouver, British Columbia Featured Speakers: Huda Zoghbi (Baylor College of Medicine), Richard Gibbs (Baylor College of Medicine), Brendan Lee Member Breakfast (Baylor College of Medicine), Andrew Futreal (The Univer- sity of Texas md Anderson Cancer Center). Moderator: John UNITED KINGDOM Mendelsohn (The University of Texas md Anderson Cancer Center) June 18, 2018 The British Academy April 26, 2018 Member Reception and Dinner Houston, TX Roundtable Discussion: Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships

WASHINGTON

SEATTLE

May 30, 2018 University of Washington Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture How to Make Citizens Featured Speaker: Eric Liu (Citizen University)

WISCONSIN

MADISON

May 31, 2018 University of Wisconsin-Madison A Dialogue on the Future of Higher Education in America Featured Speakers: Rebecca Blank (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Michael McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation)

86 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Member Events, 2017–2018

Jonathan Fanton, Francis Amory Prize recipient Barbara Meyer, Martha Nussbaum accepting the Don M. Randel Nancy Andrews, and David Page Award for Humanistic Studies

Thomas Bender Members of Blue Heron

Vartan Gregorian, Ruth McLaughlin, David McLaughlin, and Jean Taylor Jessie Ann Owens and Jane Bernstein Affiliates of the American Academy

AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY

he Affiliates program is a partnership between the Academy and leading col- Tleges, universities, and cultural and scientific organizations. The Affiliates collaborate with the Academy by participating in its studies and by helping to support its efforts to advance the common good.

Carnegie Institution Amherst College Emory University for Science Carolyn A. “Biddy” Martin, Claire E. Sterk, Eric D. Isaacs, President President President

City University Arizona State University Georgetown University of New York Michael M. Crow, John J. DeGioia, James B. Milliken, President President Chancellor

George Washington Boston University Columbia University Robert A. Brown, Lee C. Bollinger, University Thomas J. LeBlanc, President President President

Brandeis University Cornell University The J. Paul Getty Trust Ronald D. Liebowitz, Martha E. Pollack, James Cuno, President President President and CEO

Brown University Dartmouth College Harvard University Christina Hull Paxson, Philip J. Hanlon, Lawrence S. Bacow, President President President

California Institute Duke University Hebrew University of Technology Vincent E. Price, of Jerusalem Thomas F. Rosenbaum, President Asher Cohen, President President

88 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Affiliates of the American Academy

Pennsylvania State Indiana University Stanford University Michael A. McRobbie, University Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Eric J. Barron, President President President

Johns Hopkins University Pomona College Syracuse University Ronald J. Daniels, G. Gabrielle Starr, Kent D. Syverud, President President Chancellor and President

Lowell Observatory Princeton University Texas A & M University W. Lowell Putnam IV, Christopher L. Eisgruber, Michael K. Young, Trustee President President

Massachusetts Institute Rice University Tufts University of Technology David W. Leebron, Anthony P. Monaco, L. Rafael Reif, President President President

Rutgers, The State Michigan State University University of Arizona University of New Jersey John Engler, Robert C. Robbins, Robert L. Barchi, Interim President President President

Rutgers University– University of California, New York University Newark Berkeley Andrew D. Hamilton, Nancy Cantor, Carol T. Christ, President Chancellor Chancellor

University of California, Northeastern University Smithsonian Institution Davis Joseph Aoun, David J. Skorton, Gary S. May, President Secretary Chancellor

University of California, Northwestern University Spelman College Irvine Morton O. Schapiro, Mary Schmidt Campbell, Howard Gillman, President President Chancellor

AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 89 Affiliates of the American Academy

University of California, University of Southern University of Miami Los Angeles California Julio Frenk, Gene D. Block, C. L. Max Nikias, President Chancellor President

University of California, University of Michigan University of Virginia Riverside Mark S. Schlissel, Teresa A. Sullivan, Kim A. Wilcox, President President Chancellor

University of California, University of University of Minnesota San Diego Wisconsin-Madison Eric W. Kaler, Pradeep Khosla, Rebecca M. Blank, President Chancellor Chancellor

Virginia Commonwealth University of Chicago University of University Robert J. Zimmer, Nebraska-Lincoln Michael Rao, President Ronnie D. Green, Chancellor President

University of North Virginia Polytechnic Institute University of Florida and State University W. Kent Fuchs, Carolina at Chapel Hill Carol L. Folt, Timothy D. Sands, President Chancellor President

University of Illinois Washington University at Urbana-Champaign University of Notre Dame in St. Louis Robert J. Jones, Rev. John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., Mark S. Wrighton, Chancellor President Chancellor

University of Maine University of Pennsylvania Yale University Susan J. Hunter, Amy Gutmann, Peter Salovey, President President President

University of Maryland University of Pittsburgh Wallace D. Loh, Patrick D. Gallagher, President Chancellor

90 PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY \\ 2018 Academy Leadership

BOARD OF DIRECTORS COUNCIL COUNCIL, continued TRUST, continued Nancy C. Andrews, Diane P. Wood, Chair Nancy C. Andrews, ex officio Steven S. Koblik Chair of the Board U.S. Court of Appeals, Duke University School of The Huntington Library, Duke University School of Medicine Seventh Circuit Medicine Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Jonathan F. Fanton, President Helen M. Blau Alan M. Dachs, ex officio American Academy of Arts Stanford University Fremont Group Tom Leighton and Sciences School of Medicine Akamai Technologies; Carl H. Pforzheimer III, Massachusetts Institute Diane P. Wood, Chair of the Emery N. Brown ex officio of Technology Council; Vice Chair of the Board Massachusetts Institute Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. U.S. Court of Appeals, of Technology; Richard A. Meserve Geraldine L. Richmond, Seventh Circuit Harvard Medical School; Covington & Burling LLP; ex officio Massachusetts General Hospital formerly, Carnegie Institution Alan M. Dachs, Chair of the University of Oregon for Science Trust; Vice Chair of the Board David D. Clark Jonathan F. Fanton, ex officio Fremont Group Massachusetts Institute David Oxtoby American Academy of Arts of Technology Pomona College Geraldine L. Richmond, and Sciences Secretary James Cuno Susan Woods Paine University of Oregon The J. Paul Getty Trust TRUST Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Carl H. Pforzheimer III, Paula Giddings Alan M. Dachs, Chair Carl H. Pforzheimer III Treasurer Smith College Fremont Group Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Gordon N. Gill Philip Bredesen Anne Litle Poulet Kwame Anthony Appiah University of California, Nashville, Tennessee Frick Collection New York University San Diego School of Medicine Louise H. Bryson Jerry Speyer Louise H. Bryson Carol Gluck The J. Paul Getty Trust Tishman Speyer The J. Paul Getty Trust Columbia University Louis W. Cabot Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco John Mark Hansen Annette Gordon-Reed Sarasota, Florida University of California, University of Chicago Harvard University Los Angeles Ernest Cockrell Ira Katznelson Linda Greenhouse Cockrell Foundation; Samuel O. Thier Columbia University; Yale Law School Cockrell Interests, Inc. Harvard Medical School Social Science Research Council John Mark Hansen John F. Cogan, Jr. Kenneth L. Wallach Nannerl O. Keohane University of Chicago Pioneer Investment Management Central National-Gottesman, Inc. Princeton University Mary-Claire King USA, Inc. Nancy C. Andrews, ex officio John Lithgow University of Washington Mark Fishman Duke University School of Los Angeles, California Medicine Anthony A. Long Harvard University Cherry A. Murray University of California, Berkeley Arthur Gelb Jonathan F. Fanton, ex officio Harvard University American Academy of Arts Richard A. Meserve Four Sigma Corporation and Sciences Venkatesh Narayanamurti Covington & Burling LLP; Michael E. Gellert Harvard University formerly, Carnegie Institution Windcrest Partners Geraldine L. Richmond, for Science ex officio Larry Jay Shapiro Arthur L. Goldstein University of Oregon University Health Partners of Steven E. Miller Ionics, Inc. Hawaii Harvard Kennedy School Diane P. Wood, ex officio Rita Hauser U.S. Court of Appeals, Natasha Trethewey Venkatesh Narayanamurti The Hauser Foundation Seventh Circuit Northwester University Harvard University Stephen Heintz Walter B. Hewlett, emeritus Pauline Yu Frances McCall Rosenbluth Rockefeller Brothers Fund William and Flora Hewlett American Council of Yale University Antonia Hernández Foundation Learned Societies Robert Rosner California Community E. John Rosenwald, Jr., Louis W. Cabot, Chair University of Chicago Foundation emeritus Emeritus Alfred Z. Spector Alberto Ibargüen J.P. Morgan Sarasota, Florida Two Sigma Investments John S. and James L. Knight Foundation

ACADEMY LEADERSHIP 91

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