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Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan

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Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan DRAFT REPORT Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan for U.S. Forest Service December 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview......................................................................................................1 1.2 Management Context...................................................................................1 1.3 Restoration & Management Elements .........................................................2 2.0 Setting and History ................................................................................................4 2.1 Setting ..........................................................................................................4 2.2 Land Use History .........................................................................................4 2.2.1 Pre-1850...........................................................................................4 2.2.2 1850 to Present.................................................................................5 3.0 Existing Conditions..............................................................................................10 3.1 Climate.......................................................................................................10 3.2 Geology and Geomorphology....................................................................10 3.2.1 Meeks Meadow..............................................................................10 3.2.2 Meeks Creek ..................................................................................11 3.3 Hydrology ..................................................................................................12 3.4 Soils............................................................................................................12 3.5 Biological Resources .................................................................................13 3.5.1 Vegetation......................................................................................13 3.5.2 Wildlife ..........................................................................................16 4.0 Desired Future Condtions ...................................................................................19 4.1 Vegetation Communities ...........................................................................20 4.2 Terrestrial Wildlife.....................................................................................20 5.0 Restoration and Management Strategies...........................................................22 5.1 Vegetation Management ............................................................................22 5.1.1 Overview........................................................................................22 5.1.2 Lodgepole Pine Encroachment/Invasion Management Strategies........................................................................................22 5.1.3 Aspen & Cottonwood Reintroduction ...........................................25 5.1.4 Fuels Reduction in Surrounding Areas..........................................26 5.2 Reestablish Washoe Land Management/Cultural Practices ......................28 5.2.1 WCP Restoration Goals and Objectives ........................................29 5.2.2 WCP Desired Conditions and Restoration Recommendations..........................................................................29 5.2.3 Culturally Significant Plant Species ..............................................31 Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan i Draft Report (December 2008) 6.0 Restoration and Management Actions...............................................................32 6.1 RESTORATION PROJECTS - REGION A .............................................33 6.1.1 Lodgepole Pine Management ........................................................33 6.1.2 Other Restoration and Management Actions.................................37 6.2 RESTORATION PROJECTS - REGION B..............................................38 6.2.1 Lodgepole Pine Management ........................................................38 6.2.2 Other Restoration and Management Actions.................................39 6.3 RESTORATION PROJECTS - REGION C..............................................39 6.3.1 Lodgepole Pine Management ........................................................39 6.3.2 Other Restoration and Management Actions.................................41 6.4 RESTORATION PROJECTS - REGION D .............................................41 6.4.1 Camp Wasiu Clean-up...................................................................41 7.0 Monitoring and Adaptive Management.............................................................43 7.1 Monitoring .................................................................................................43 7.1.1 Vegetation......................................................................................43 7.1.2 Wildlife ..........................................................................................44 7.1.3 Hydrology ......................................................................................45 7.1.4 Photo Monitoring...........................................................................45 7.2 Adaptive Management...............................................................................45 7.2.1 Vegetation......................................................................................46 7.2.2 Wildlife ..........................................................................................46 7.2.3 Climate Change..............................................................................48 8.0 Conclusion ............................................................................................................49 9.0 References.............................................................................................................50 List of Figures 1-1 Oblique aerial view of Meeks Creek watershed and Meeks Meadow restoration area 2-1 Meeks Creek watershed location map showing study areas from Ecological Assessment Report 2-2 Meeks Meadow and selected project landmarks 2-3 Former landfill area showing barren, disturbed, hummocky soils/fill and lodgepole pine invasion 2-4 Historical photos of Highway 89 bridges 2-5 Photographs of select remnant structures from Wasiu Girl Scout Camp 2-6 U.S. Forest Service map showing Quail Vegetation & Fuels Treatment Project Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan ii Draft Report (December 2008) 3-1 Correlation of local paleoclimatic and cultural sequence in the Tahoe Sierra 3-2 Map of Geomorphic landforms in the lower portion of Meeks Creek Watershed from Ecological Assessment Report. 3-3a-b Soils in Meeks Meadow 3-4 Vegetation map of Meeks Meadow and Shoreline Zone from Ecological Assessment Report 3-5 Photographs of select vegetation communities common in Meeks Meadow 3-6 Large Vernal Pool developed on edge of Dry Graminoid Meadow environment. 3-7 Water impounded by recessional moraines and beaver dams enhances vegetation and wildlife habitats in meadow and riparian environments. 3-8 Beaver activity observed in Meeks Meadow 4-1 Historical photograph of the Meeks Bay shoreline 6-1 Aerial photograph of Meeks Meadow showing proposed restoration and management regions and lodgepole pine treatment units. 6-2 Photos of management Unit A-1 6-3 Photos of management Unit B-1 6-4 Photos of management Unit C-2 and vicinity. Appendices Appendix A Beaver Activity Survey in Meeks Meadow (2007) Appendix B Washoe Tribe Culturally Significant Plants Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan iii Draft Report (December 2008) 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW The Meeks Creek watershed comprises approximately 8.1 square miles of subalpine and montane terrain along the eastern crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California (Figure 1-1). Originating at elevations over 9,000 feet, Meeks Creek courses 7.5 miles through high mountain lakes, steep rocky terrain, and montane meadows in a broad U-shaped valley before passing beneath Highway 89 and emptying into the Meeks Bay Marina and Bay on Lake Tahoe at 6,625 feet elevation. Within the broad valley upstream of Highway 89 lies a 500-acre “meadow” (herein Meeks Meadow or Site) comprised of mixed conifer forest interspersed with graminoid meadows, riparian scrub and diverse wetland features. The ecological conditions in Meeks Meadow have been altered as a result of Comstock era1 disturbances (i.e., logging and grazing), cessation of the natural and indigenous fire regimes, and climate change. What was once a complex mosaic of riparian, meadow and late successional forest environments has been converted to broad expanses of early seral forest communities dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana). The actions described in this Restoration & Management Plan (RMP) intend to hasten successional processes in an effort to restore late-seral meadow, riparian and forest habitats in the context of the current and future climate regime. 1.2 MANAGEMENT CONTEXT The environmental conditions in Meeks Creek watershed are detailed in the Ecological Assessment Report (EAR) prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service (USFS) Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit (LTBMU) (LTBMU, 2006a). Based upon the conclusions of the scientific studies presented in the EAR, the following restoration actions were recommended to restore ecosystem function in the
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