Assessment Report on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Integrated Risk Management (IRM) AssessmentPractices in ReportSix Municipalities on Climate of the ChangeAjara Autonomous Adaptation (CCA)Republic and Integrated Risk Management (IRM) Practices in Six Municipalities of the Ajara Autonomous Republic This publication has been prepared by a coalition of NGOs: Black Sea Eco Academy (BSEA), Environment and Development (ED) and Bridge – Innovation and Development, with the support from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). Its contents are the sole responsibility of its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNDP and SDC. Tbilisi, 2018 Tbilisi, 2018 Contents Definition of Terminology 4 Executive Summary 6 Introduction 7 1. Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Risk Management Practice Assessment Methodology 8 2. Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Disaster Risk Management Practice in the Ajara Autonomous Republic 9 2.1 Overview of Legal Framework, Current Policy and Activities 9 2.1.1 Climate Change Adaptation 9 Overview of Institutional Framework, Current Policy and Activities 19 2.1.2 Climate Change Adaptation 19 2.2 Disaster Risk Management 21 2.2.1 Risk Assessment (Risk Identification, Analysis, Calculation) 21 2.2.2 Risk Operation (Preparedness, Response, Recovery) 23 3. Conclusions and Recommendations 30 3.1 Conclusions 30 3.1.1 Climate Change Adaptation 30 3.1.2 Disaster Risk Management 31 3.2 Recommendations 31 3.2.1 Climate Change Adaptation 31 3.2.2 Disaster Risk Management 32 Sources 33 Appendix 1. Current and Planned Projects on the Territory of the Ajara Autonomous Republic 34 Acronyms EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ED Environment and Development BSEA Black Sea Eco Academy CTVA Common Tools for Vulnerability Assessment ICCAMGR Institutionalization of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures in the Regions of Georgia ISO International Standardization Organization KfW German Development Bank NALAG National Association of Local Authorities of Georgia UNDP United Nations Development Program USAID United States Agency for International Development SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SFDRR Sendai Framework Program for Disaster Risk Reduction 3 Definition of Terminology Adaptation – to adjust natural or anthropological systems to actual or expected climatic impacts or their results which might result in a reduction of damage or a chance to use a favorable opportunity (ISDR, 2009). Climate Change Adaptation – strengthening the adaptation capacity of natural systems against the harmful effects of climate change and implementing measures for neutralizing these effects. Climate Change Mitigation – limitation of CO2 emissions and strengthening of gas absorbers. Disaster Risk – the potential loss of life, injury or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity (ISDR, 2009). Disaster Risk Reduction – disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and, therefore, to the achievement of sustainable development (ISDR, 2009). Early Warning System – an integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, disaster risk assessment, communication and preparedness activities systems and processes that enables individuals, communities, governments, businesses and others to take timely action to reduce disaster risks in advance of hazardous events (ISDR, 2009). Emergency − is sometimes used interchangeably with the term disaster as, for example, in the context of biological and technological hazards or health emergencies which, however, can also relate to hazardous events that do not result in the serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society (ISDR, 2009). Emergency Management – is also used, sometimes interchangeably, with the term disaster management, particularly in the context of biological and technological hazards and for health emergencies. While there is a large degree of overlap, an emergency can also relate to hazardous events that do not result in the serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society (ISDR, 2009). Geological Hazard – originates from internal earth processes. Examples are earthquakes, volcanic activity and emissions and related geophysical processes such as mass movements, landslides, rockslides, surface collapses and debris or mud flows. Hydro meteorological factors are important contributors to some of these processes. Tsunamis are difficult to categorize: although they are triggered by undersea earthquakes and other geological events, they essentially become an oceanic process that is manifested as a coastal water-related hazard (ISDR, 2009). Hazard – a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazards may be natural, anthropogenic or socio-natural in origin. Natural hazards are predominantly associated with natural processes and phenomena. Anthropogenic hazards, or human-induced hazards, are induced entirely or predominantly by human activities and choices (ISDR, 2009). Assessment Report on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 4 Integrated Risk Assessment – a broad concept that has various definitions by different agencies; e.g., the Asian Development Bank includes the integration of disaster risk mitigation in development projects, strategies and plans as well as a crossover between disaster risk management and climate change adaptation and the assurance of financial support for risk mitigation and management (ADB, 2014). The fundamental purpose of integrated risk management is to ensure that the risks to human health and the environment are brought to a minimum. According to ISO 31000, integrated risk management is a systematic process which encompasses a risk assessment component (risk identification, analysis, calculation) as well as risk operation (preparedness, response, recovery). Natural Hazard – a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. They are predominantly associated with natural processes and phenomena (ISDR, 2009). Preparedness – the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current disasters (ISDR, 2009). Prevention – activities and measures to avoid existing and new disaster risks (ISDR, 2009). Recovery – the restoring or improving of livelihoods and health as well as economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets, systems and activities of a disaster-affected community or society, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and “build back better” to avoid or reduce future disaster risk (ISDR, 2009). Response – actions taken directly before, during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected (ISDR, 2009). Technological Hazard – originates from technological or industrial conditions, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities. Examples include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires and chemical spills. Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event (ISDR, 2009). Vulnerability – the conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards (ISDR, 2009). 5 Executive Summary The increased frequency of geological and hydro-meteorological disasters on the territory of the Ajara Autonomous Republic in the last few years have significantly damaged vulnerable buildings- structures, infrastructure and the natural environment. Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction are one of the most important challenges that the region currently faces. Therefore, the Black Sea Eco Academy (BSEA), Environment and Development (ED) and Bridge – Innovation and Development conducted the Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Risk Management Practice Assessment in Six Municipalities of the Ajara Autonomous Republic study under the UNDP Inception Phase of the project: Strengthening Climate Adaptation Capacities in Georgia funded by the Swiss Development and Cooperation Agency (SDC). The assessment of climate change adaptation and integrated disaster risk management practices in the Ajara Autonomous Republic and its territorial units was done on the basis of a review of the current institutional and legal framework and a review of documents (legal acts, policy documents, strategies, project materials, etc.) retrieved as a part of the activities of the research. Together with a desk review of the available documentation, an analysis was conducted of the information gained as a result of consultation meetings with stakeholders. As a result of an institutional and legal framework assessment, it