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Study on the Competitiveness of the EU Gas Appliances Sector

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Ref. Ares(2015)2495017 - 15/06/2015 Study on the Competitiveness of the EU Gas Appliances Sector Within the Framework Contract of Sectoral Competitiveness Studies – ENTR/06/054 Final Report Client: Directorate-General Enterprise & Industry Rotterdam, 11 August 2009 Disclaimer: The views and propositions expressed herein are those of the experts and do not necessarily represent any official view of the European Commission or any other organisations mentioned in the Report ECORYS SCS Group P.O. Box 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam Watermanweg 44 3067 GG Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0)10 453 88 16 F +31 (0)10 453 07 68 E [email protected] W www.ecorys.com Registration no. 24316726 ECORYS Macro & Sector Policies T +31 (0)31 (0)10 453 87 53 F +31 (0)10 452 36 60 Table of contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Objectives and policy rationale 5 3 Main findings and conclusions 7 4 The gas appliances sector 11 4.1 Introduction 11 4.2 Definition 11 4.3 Overview of sub-sectors 16 4.3.1 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) 16 4.3.2 Domestic appliances 18 4.3.3 Fittings 20 4.4 The application of statistics 22 4.5 Statistical approach to sector and subsectors 23 5 Key characteristics of the European gas appliances sector 29 5.1 Introduction 29 5.2 Importance of the sector 30 5.2.1 Output 30 5.2.2 Employment 31 5.2.3 Demand 32 5.3 Production, employment, demand and trade within EU 33 5.3.1 Production share EU-27 output per country 33 5.3.2 Employment 39 5.3.3 Demand by Member State 41 5.3.4 Intra EU trade in GA 41 5.4 Industry structure and size distribution of firms 46 5.5 Companies' behaviour 50 5.5.1 Tendencies in market strategies 50 5.5.2 Research strategies 53 5.5.3 Procurement strategies 53 5.6 Selected 11 Member States analysis 56 5.6.1 Czech Republic 56 5.6.2 Denmark 56 5.6.3 France 57 5.6.4 Germany 59 5.6.5 Italy 62 5.6.6 Netherlands 64 5.6.7 Poland 65 5.6.8 Slovakia 67 5.6.9 Slovenia 68 5.6.10 Spain 69 5.6.11 United Kingdom 71 5.7 Notified bodies and their role in the sector 74 5.7.1 Role of notified bodies 74 5.7.2 Czech Republic 77 5.7.3 Denmark 78 5.7.4 France 79 5.7.5 Germany 81 5.7.6 Italy 82 5.7.7 Netherlands 84 5.7.8 Poland 85 5.7.9 Slovakia 86 5.7.10 Slovenia 87 5.7.11 Spain 88 5.7.12 United Kingdom 89 6 Regulatory and framework conditions 91 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 Regulatory scheme of the Gas Appliance Sector (GAS) 92 6.2.1 Essential aspects of directives of importance for the GAS 95 6.2.2 Transposition of directives of relevance for GA into national law 98 6.2.3 Assessment of the EU regulatory scheme 100 6.2.4 Environmental aspects and energy efficiency of GA 101 6.2.5 The scope of the GAD 103 6.3 Analysis and assessment of framework areas for the GAS 105 6.3.1 Distribution channels for gas appliances 105 6.3.2 Market environment in gas appliance service markets 109 6.3.3 Access to input markets 114 6.3.4 Access sales markets 117 6.4 Impact of energy markets on the perspectives for gas appliances 117 6.4.1 Overview of the present situation and outlook for gas sales in the EU 117 6.4.2 Overview of natural gas supply in the EU 118 6.4.3 The issue of gas quality 120 6.4.4 Natural gas grid access 121 6.4.5 Non-grid gas access 123 6.4.6 Price competitiveness of gas 124 6.4.7 Comparison of energy prices 125 7 Competitive position of the European gas appliances sector 133 7.1 Introduction 133 7.2 The European gas appliances sector in the EU-27 133 7.2.1 Size and evolution of the EU GA production 133 7.2.2 Regional structure of the sector in the EU GA production 135 7.2.3 Size and evolution in the demanded values for gas and non-gas appliances 136 7.2.4 Regional structure of the sector in the EU Demand 137 7.3 The European gas appliances sector in the world 137 7.3.1 Key players in world market and their strategies (including global value chains) 137 7.3.2 Characteristics of the Turkish GAS 139 7.3.3 The Chinese GAS 141 7.3.4 The US GAS 142 7.3.5 The Japanese GAS 144 7.3.6 Comparison of the EU-27 with important competing nations 145 7.3.7 Comparison with important competing nations, GA versus other goods 149 7.3.8 Revealed Comparative Advantage intra EU-27 (RCA) 150 7.3.9 EU-27 Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) at global level 152 7.4 General trends in product-design and product features 152 7.4.1 Technologies for HVAC 153 7.4.2 Domestic appliances 159 8 Strategic outlook 161 8.1 Market developments and trends for the EU gas appliance market 161 8.1.1 Economic development 161 8.1.2 European housing market 163 8.1.3 Energy market development 166 8.1.4 Gas appliance market development 167 8.2 SWOT-analysis 173 9 ANNEXES 183 Tables Table 4.1 List of gas appliances under GAD per category: cooking 13 Table 4.2 List of gas appliances under GAD per category: heating 14 Table 4.3 List of gas appliances under GAD per category: hot water production 14 Table 4.4 List of gas appliances under GAD per category: refrigeration 15 Table 4.5 List of gas appliances under GAD per category: washing 15 Table 4.6 List of gas appliances under GAD per category: lighting 15 Table 4.7 List of fittings under GAD 15 Table 4.8 Statistical definition GA, Prodcom database 24 Table 4.9 Statistical definition non-GA, Prodcom database 24 Table 4.10 Statistical definition GA, market dataset 27 Table 5.1 Indexed development of GA production in EU-27, 1995-2007 (current prices) 31 Table 5.2 Employment indicators for EU-27 and EU-15 32 Table 5.3 Market demand indexed at 1995 levels 33 Table 5.4 Average annual production share of GA per country in 1995, 2001 and 2007 36 Table 5.5 GDP share of GA production values, average annual development over time. 39 Table 5.6 Employment indicators for the selected Member States 40 Table 5.7 Export specialisation in intra EU trade, 1999 to 2007 43 Table 5.8 Industry structure in the EU-25 and EU-15 in 2006 46 Table 5.9 List of Notified Bodies established for the GAD 76 Table 5.10 List of Czech notified body in accordance with the GAD 78 Table 5.11 List of Danish Notified Bodies in accordance with the GAD 79 Table 5.12 List of French notified bodies in accordance with the GAD 81 Table 5.13: List of German Notified Bodies in accordance with the GAD 82 Table 5.14 List of Italian notified bodies in accordance with the GAD 83 Table 5.15 Dutch notified body in accordance with the GAD 84 Table 5.16 List of Polish notified bodies in accordance with the GAD 85 Table 5.17 : List of Slovakian Notified Body in accordance with the GAD 86 Table 5.18: List of Slovenian Notified Body in accordance with the GAD 88 Table 5.19 List of Spanish notified bodies in accordance with the GAD 88 Table 5.20 List of UK notified bodies in accordance with the GAD 90 Table 6.1: Ranking of regulatory and framework factors on the GAS’s competitiveness 91 Table 6.2 Categorization of boilers by the Boiler Efficiency Directive 96 Table 6.3 Regulatory framework for gas appliance services 110 Table 6.4 Developments in the number of domestic customers and distribution grid lengths in the EU from 1995 to 2006 122 Table 6.5 Electricity prices for households in EURO/ 100 kWh, all taxes included 126 Table 6.6 Natural gas prices for households in EURO/ Gigajoule, all taxes included 127 Table 6.7 Heating oil prices for households in EURO/ 1000 litres, all taxes included 129 Table 6.8 Consumer LPG motor fuel prices in EURO/ 1000 litres, including all taxes. 130 Table 7.1 Average annual growth rates from 1995 to 2007 134 Table 7.2 Per country share of global GA trade 139 Table 7.3 Turkish trade with EU-27 in gas appliances (millions Euros at current prices) 140 Table 7.4 Chinese trade with EU-27 with gas appliances (millions Euros at current prices) 142 Table 7.5 Market shares of specific gas appliances in the US 143 Table 7.6 US trade with the EU-27 with GA (millions Euros at current prices) 143 Table 7.7 Japanese trade with EU-27 in GA (millions Euros at current prices) 145 Table 7.8 Export and import ratios: Extra EU GA trade 1999-2007 147 Table 7.9 Export specialization 1999-2007 of GA -trade 148 Table 7.10 RCA at national level 151 Table 7.11 RCA at Global level 152 Table 8.1: The economic framework conditions for the EU-27 163 Table 8.2: The European market for residential construction 165 Table 8.3: The European housing stock and completions 165 Table 8.4 Forecasted average annual growth rates from 2007 until 2013 169 Table 8.5 EU-27 average annual growth rates from 1995 to 2007 and from 2007 to 2013 172 Table 8.6 The SWOT-analysis for the GAS 175 Figures Figure 4.1 General classification of fittings for gas appliances 21 Figure 5.1 Production value per identified GA subsector (in Million EUR) 31 Figure 5.2 Market demand in the EU-27, (in million Euros) 32 Figure 5.3 Per country share of total EU-27 GA production for 1995, 2001 and 2007 34 Figure 5.4 GA production per country in million Euros at current prices for 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007 37 Figure 5.5 GDP share of GA production values for 2007 38 Figure 5.6 Employment shares 40 Figure 5.7 Market demand per household in the EU-27 Member States in thousand Euros at current prices 41 Figure 5.8 Intra EU-27 trade between old and new Member States 42 Figure 5.9 Intra EU-27 trade between old and new Member States 42 Figure 5.10 Intra EU trade GA balance per country 1999-2007 (millions Euros) 45 Figure 5.11 Number of companies with more than 250 employees in selected countries in 2006 48 Figure 5.12 Number of companies with less than 250 employees in selected countries in 2006 48 Figure 5.13 Total number of employees within selected firms and countries in 2006 and 2005 49 Figure 5.14 Production per employee within selected countries in 2006 and 2005 50 Figure 6.1 Distribution channels in Germany 106 Figure 6.1 Distribution channels in United Kingdom 107 Figure 6.1 Distribution channels in France 107 Figure 6.2: Gas related accidents in the EU 113 Figure 6.3 The European natural gas networks in 2002 119 Figure 7.1 Real production volume developments of sub-sectors’ production values in the EU-27 countries, compared to similar non-gas products from 1995-2007, indexed at 1995 production values.
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    Annual Report Karaağaç Caddesi No: 2-6, Sütlüce, Beyoğlu 34445 İstanbul | Türkiye Telefon: +90 212 314 34 34 Faks: +90 212 314 34 63 www.arcelikas.com /arcelikas 1 I live and prosper with my country. As long as democracy exists and thrives, so do we. We shall do our utmost to strengthen our economy. As our economy prospers, so will democracy and our standing in the world. Vehbi KOÇ 1 CONTENTS I ARÇELİK A.Ş. ANNUAL REPORT 2018 CONTENTS Sustainable Growth Corporate Responsibility Vision 2 Environmental Approach to Products and Almanac 2018 4 Production 70 Report of the Board of Directors and Message Environment-Friendly Applications 73 from the Chairman 6 Environment-Friendly Products 74 Message from the General Manager Social Responsibility Arçelik Group's vision of “Respecting The World, 8 76 Auditor’s Report on Annual Report 12 Awards and Achievements in 86 Respected Worldwide” aims to achieve profitable Financial Statement Summary 2018 16 and sustainable growth; to increase market share Financial Indicators 17 Corporate Governance Five-Year Consolidated Financial Review in its target market; the globe; to reach more 18 Shareholders 19 Corporate Governance Principles Compliance consumers in a fast-changing world with innovative Dividends Paid 20 Report 90 products and services; to safeguard the future with Share Performance 21 Statement of Compliance with Corporate corporate responsibility; and to integrate and Risk Management 22 Governance Principles 90 optimize the components of the global organization The Target Market; the Globe Global Organization while becoming a global group. Brands 28 Global Organization 118 Global Operational Network 29 Business Excellence 125 International Markets 30 Turkish Market 40 Consolidated Financial Statements and Independent Auditors’ Report Innovation Board of Directors 2018 128 Innovative and Superior Technology 48 Management 2018 130 Innovative Products 54 Independent Auditor's Report and Innovative Applications 60 Consolidated Financial Statements 139 2 3 ALMANAC 2018 I ARÇELİK A.Ş.
  • Complaint : U. S. V. AB Electrolux, Et

    Complaint : U. S. V. AB Electrolux, Et

    Case 1:15-cv-01039 Document 1 Filed 07/01/15 Page 1 of 15 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, 450 Fifth Street NW, Suite 4000, Washington, DC 20530, Plaintiff, v. AB ELECTROLUX, S:t Goransgatan 143, Stockholm, Sweden 10545, ELECTROLUX NORTH AMERICA, INC., 10200 David Taylor Drive, Charlotte, NC 28262, and GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, 3135 Easton Turnpike, Fairfield, CT 06828, Defendants. COMPLAINT The United States of America, acting under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States, brings this civil action to enjoin the proposed acquisition by Defendants AB Electrolux and Electrolux North America, Inc. (collectively “Electrolux”) of Defendant General Electric Company’s assets relating to its appliance business unit. The United States alleges as follows: Case 1:15-cv-01039 Document 1 Filed 07/01/15 Page 2 of 15 I. INTRODUCTION 1. General Electric and Electrolux, which owns the “Frigidaire” brand, have long competed to sell major cooking appliances (ranges, cooktops, and wall ovens), which are an essential part of the American household and among consumers’ most significant purchases. Electrolux, through the proposed acquisition, would stop that competition and take out an important rival in General Electric. If not enjoined, the proposed acquisition would combine two of the leading suppliers of major cooking appliances sold in the United States. The result likely would be less competition, higher prices, and fewer options for millions of Americans who buy major cooking appliances each year. 2. The proposed acquisition would create a duopoly in the supply of major cooking appliances to American home builders, property managers, and other contract-channel appliance purchasers.
  • AMBA 660 Case Study Haier's North America

    AMBA 660 Case Study Haier's North America

    AMBA 660 Case Study Haier’s North America Expansion Mohamed Ezz, MD, DM (UMUC) Collegiate Professor, Business and Management Department University of Maryland University College Haier Group www.haier.com Reuters: “Haier Group said it would buy General Electric Co.'s appliance business for $5.4 billion, the Chinese company's latest attempt to boost its presence in the lucrative United States market. Haier, which made an abortive attempt in 2008 to buy the business, has a negligible presence in the U.S. white goods market, dominated by Whirlpool Corp, Sweden's Electrolux AB and GE. The news comes weeks after GE walked away from a deal to sell the business to Electrolux for $3.3 billion, following months of opposition from U.S. antitrust regulators. The deal with Haier is unlikely to draw intense antitrust scrutiny, according to some antitrust experts, but may get a hard look from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)” (Ajmera, 2016, para 1-4) Chinese Companies Going Global China is rising as a globally influential economic and political power. China has achieved an average growth rate of almost 10% over the past 20 years, making it one of the world’s largest economies and trading powers. This rapid economic development has enhanced China’s international competitiveness. Chinese blue chip companies have realized the limitations of their local market, and worked on becoming global players. Many of these companies have quietly started their own international expansion; examples include Haier, HiSense, ad Gree. And while the Chinese government encourages the global expansion of Chinese companies, it has not yet developed policies and frameworks to govern such expansion.