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Impact of Large Scale Wind Power Integration on Ethiopian Power System Transient Stability

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Impact of Large Scale Wind Power Integration on Ethiopian Power System Transient Stability IMPACT OF LARGE SCALE WIND POWER INTEGRATION ON ETHIOPIAN POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENT STABILITY By: Mesfin Megra Advisor: Dr. In. Getachew Biru A thesis submitted to the school of electrical engineering and computing of Adama Science and Technology university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in electrical power engineering ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING March 22, 2017 Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis work is my original work, has not been presented for a degree in this or any other universities, and all sources of materials used for the thesis work have been fully acknowledged. Name: Mesfin Megra Student name signature Place: Adama This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisor. Dr.-Ing. Getachew Biru Advisor name signature ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING ”IMPACT OF LARGE SCALE WIND POWER INTEGRATION ON ETHIOPIAN POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENT STABILITY” By: Mesfin Megra APPROVAL BY BOARD OF EXAMINERS Department of Electrical power engineering Signature Advisor Signature Internal examiner Signature External examiner Signature School dean Signature Abstract Ethiopian power system is a hydro dominant system where 84.19% of the electricity generation is hydro based. But in recent year Ethiopia electric power corporation is using wind power to solve electric power shortage. Currently 14.07% (153MW from Adama II wind farm, 120MW from Ashegoda wind farm and 51MW from Adama I wind farm) of the country’s power is generated from wind. Integration of large scale wind farm in to a power system presents some challenges that must be addressed, such as system operation and control, stability and power quality. Therefore, currently several wind impact studies have been carried out in different countries. From these studies it was understood that the level of wind power penetration and intermittent nature of wind have major impact on a power system. This study focuses on the impact of wind power integration on the transient stability performance of a power system and different scenarios have been investigated. The analysis and modeling has been done using DIgSILENT simulation software based on data obtained from EEP and Adama II wind farm. A very large wind power plant may contain hundreds of Megawatt-size wind turbines. These turbines are interconnected by an intricate collector system. While the impact of individual turbines on the the larger power system network is minimal, collectively, wind turbines can have a significant impact on a power system during a sever disturbance such as nearby fault. since it is not practical to represent all individual wind turbines to conduct simulations, a simplified equivalent representation is required . In this study, Adama II wind farm is aggregated from 102 wind turbines to single turbine representation and the model developed has been verified for its accuracy. The simulation has given 0.066% (0.1 MW)of active power flow and 0.081% (0.04 MVAR) of reactive power flow difference between full turbine representation and single turbine representation of Adama II wind farm. The transient stability impact has been analyzed for different aspects like location of fault and generator technology. As per the result of this study, wind power integration has a positive impact on the the critical fault clearing time (CCT) of the power system for example, for a fault near to Ashegoda wind farm the CCT of Tekeze power plant has been improved by 226 ms and for a fault far from any of the wind farms the CCT has been improved by only 44 ms. Key words: Transient stability, DIgSILENT, DFIG, PMSG, Wind turbine, Aggregation of wind farm, Critical fault clearing time i Acknowledgments First and for most, I would take this opportunity to give glory to almighty God without which the completion of this work would have been impossible. Next to that I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. In Getachew Biru for his expert guidance and constructive comments, encouragement and suggestions. And also I would like to thank Mr. Thagos Andomariam for his assistance in doing this study. Finally I would like to give credit to Mr. Mikias Wondimu from EEP load dispatch center for his assistance and helps in providing with the necessary data for conducting this study. And also I would like to take time to thank my girlfriend Rahel Brhane, my parents and colleagues for their support and encouragement. Mesfin Megra ii Contents Abstracti Acknowledgments ii List of figures vii List of tables viii Acronyms ix 1 Introduction1 1.1 Background.................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem..........................1 1.3 Objective of the Study...........................2 1.3.1 General Objective.........................2 1.3.2 Specific Objective.........................2 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study.....................2 1.5 Thesis Outline................................3 2 Theoretical Background and Literature Review4 2.1 Theoretical Background...........................4 2.1.1 History of Wind Power Generation.................4 2.1.2 Wind Power Generation in Ethiopia................4 2.2 Literature Review..............................5 2.2.1 Impact of Wind Power Integration on Power System Stability..6 3 Methodology8 3.1 Introduction to Power System Stability...................8 3.1.1 Transient Stability.........................9 3.2 Wind Turbine Modeling........................... 11 iii Impact of large scale wind power integration on Ethiopian power system transient stability 3.2.1 Modeling of Type 3 Wind Turbine (DFIG)............. 13 3.2.2 Modeling of Type 4 Wind Turbine (PMSG)............ 17 3.3 Wind Farm Aggregation.......................... 22 3.3.1 Steps for Wind Farm Aggregations................. 24 4 Result Analysis and Discussion 28 4.1 Adama II Wind Farm Modeling...................... 28 4.1.1 Adama II Cluster 1 Aggregation.................. 29 4.2 Transient Stability of Ethiopian National Grid Without Wind Power Inte- gration (Base Case Scenario)........................ 42 4.2.1 Case One: Fault at 230 KV Koka to Kalitti Line.......... 43 4.2.2 Case Two: Fault at 230KV Alamata to Kombolcha Line..... 47 4.2.3 Case Three: Fault at 230KV Fincha to Ghedo Line........ 50 4.3 Transient Stability of Ethiopian National Grid With Wind Power Integra- tion (Present Case Scenario)........................ 53 4.3.1 Case One: Fault at 230 KV Koka to Kaliti Line.......... 53 4.3.2 Case Two: Fault at 230KV Alamata to Kombolcha Line..... 54 4.3.3 Case Three: Fault on 230KV Fincha to Ghedo Line........ 56 4.4 Transient Stability of Ethiopian National Grid if All the Wind Power Plants Use PMSG Technology (Third Case Scenario)............... 58 4.4.1 Case One: Fault on 230KV Koka to Kaliti Line.......... 58 4.4.2 Case Two: Fault on 230KV Alamata to Kombolcha Line..... 60 4.4.3 Case Three: Fault on 230KV Fincha to Ghedo Line........ 61 5 Conclusion, Recommendation and Future Work 67 5.1 Conclusion................................. 67 5.2 Recommendations.............................. 68 5.3 Future Work................................. 69 References 70 iv Impact of large scale wind power integration on Ethiopian power system transient stability A Micro Sitting of Adama II Wind Farm 72 B Adama II Wind Farm All Clusters Parameters 73 C Ethiopian High Voltage Grid Data 77 v List of Figures 3.1 Classification of power system stability [1].................8 3.2 A single generator feeding an inductive load [1,7].............9 3.3 Single machine connected to an infinite bus [8].............. 10 3.4 Rotor angle response for different values of fault clearing time [1].... 11 3.5 Typical power curve of single 1.5MW DFIG wind turbine........ 12 3.6 Components of doubly feed induction generator [9]............ 13 3.7 Equivalent electrical circuit of the DFIG [9]................ 16 3.8 Components of permanent magnet synchronous generator [12]...... 18 3.9 Equivalent electrical circuit of the PMSG [12]............... 20 3.10 Generic wind power plant topology [15, 16]................ 23 3.11 Single turbine representation of a wind power plant (STR) [15]...... 23 3.12 a)Three turbine system and b) Single turbine representation [17]..... 24 3.13 Equivalent circuit of a transmission line [15]................ 25 3.14 Wind turbines connected in a daisy chained string and equivalent circuit [15] 26 4.1 Adama II wind power plant representation................. 29 4.2 Single turbine representation of cluster one of Adama II WPP....... 33 4.3 Full turbine representation of Adama II wind farm............. 36 4.4 8 turbine and single turbine representation of Adama II wind farm.... 37 4.5 Schematic representation of hydro power plants in Ethiopian power system 42 4.6 Ethiopian national grid........................... 44 4.7 Rotor angle and speed of generators for case 1 without wind....... 45 4.8 Terminal voltage & reactive power of generators case 1 without wind... 46 4.9 Rotor angle for out of step condition for case 1 without wind....... 46 4.10 Active power for out of step condition for case 1 without wind...... 47 4.11 Rotor angle and speed of generators for case 2 without wind....... 48 4.12 Terminal voltage & reactive power of generators case 2 without wind... 48 vi Impact of large scale wind power integration on Ethiopian power system transient stability 4.13 Rotor angle for out of step condition for case 2 without wind....... 49 4.14 Active power for out of step condition for case 2 without wind...... 49 4.15 Rotor angle and speed of generators for case 3 without wind....... 50 4.16 Terminal voltage & reactive power of generators case 3 without wind... 51 4.17 Rotor angle for out of step condition for case 3 without wind....... 52 4.18 Active power for out of step condition for case 3 without wind.....
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