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Home , Adventure travel, Ajloun Forest Reserve, Dead Sea salt, European Express Tour, Excursion, Fuheis

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union under the ENI CBC Mediterranean

Sea Basin Programme. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Official Chamber of Commerce,

Industry, Services and of and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union or the Programme management structures.

The European Union is made up of 28 Member States who have decided to gradually link together their know-how, resources and destinies. Together, during a period of enlargement of 50 years, they have built a zone of stability, democracy and sustainable development whilst maintaining cultural diversity, tolerance and individual freedoms. The

European Union is committed to sharing its achievements and its values with countries and peoples beyond its borders.

The 2014-2020 ENI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme is a multilateral Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) initiative funded by the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI). The Programme objective is to foster fair, equitable and sustainable economic, social and territorial development, which may advance cross-border integration and valorise participating countries’ territories and values. The following 13 countries participate in the Programme: Cyprus, ,

France, Greece, , , Jordan, , Malta, Palestine, Portugal, , Tunisia. The Managing Authority (JMA) is the Autonomous Region of Sardinia (Italy). Official Programme languages are , English and French. For more information, please visit: www.enicbcmed.eu

MEDUSA project has a budget of 3.3 million euros, being 2.9 million euros the European Union contribution (90%). Contents 1. Executive summary...... 4 2. Attraction inventory for adventure ...... 6

2.1 Attraction List and Mapping ...... 7

2.1.1 Summary ...... 7

2.1.2 Natural Resources ...... 7

2.1.3 Cultural Resources...... 11

2.1.4. Adbventure Activities...... 15

2.2 Attraction List and Mapping in Pilot Areas ...... 39

2.2.1 IRBID...... 39

2.2.2 ...... 44

2.2.3 MADABA...... 50

2.2.4 KARAK...... 55

2.2.5 TAFILEH...... 59

2.2.6 ...... 65

3. Adventure Tourism Ecosystem ...... 73

3.1 Infrastructure and Mobility...... 74

3.1.1Arriving in Jordan...... 74

3.1.2 Getting Around...... 77

3.2 Service offered to visitors...... 79

3.3 Destination Management and Marketing Entities...... 80

3.4 Stakeholders and tour operators involved in Adventure Tourism...... 81

4. Conclusion ...... 82

4.1 Final Recommendations...... 86

Annexes ...... 88

Annex 1: Tourism and COVID-19...... 88

Annex 2: General Revision of Adventure Tourism...... 92

5. RESOURCES...... 104

ACRONYMS...... 110 1. Executive summary Adventure describes trips that adventure tourism. Served by a robust provide experiences (both mental and national airline, well-developed tourism physical) to places which are novel infrastructure and hallmark hospitality, or unique to the traveler, emphasize Jordan is in a position to exploit the strong the natural environment, and provide potential that Adventure Tourism has to challenge through experiences of offer. , activities that promote physical health, and excitement. In 2019, the Key findings of this research show that global Adventure Tourism market size Jordan is currently still in its infancy in was US$988.8 million and it is expected terms of adventure tourism. However, the to reach US$3150.3 million by the end of Kingdom has the potential to embrace 2026, with an expected compound annual the lucrative adventure tourism niche. growth rate (CAGR) of 17.8% between The proposed route to growth will include 2021-2026.1 ¬The development of the detailed mapping and addressing travel & tourism sector fosters the growth gaps, while building on past successes, for adventure tourism market demand. experiences and best practices by key These above projections will naturally stakeholders and relevant bodies, and have been impacted by the effects of focusing on sustainable destination Covid-19. However, 46% of those asked, management and marketing with sound who traveled for adventure in the past environmental and local community year said their first trip post-COVID would engagement practices as the key be an adventure trip. Adventure travelers development principles of adventure are 33% more likely than non-adventure tourism. travelers, to say they’ll travel again “as An in-depth review of the legal framework, soon as possible”. When tourism bounces business enabling environment including back, is likely to be one investment mobilisation, is recommended. of the first to recover and grow. Dedicated focused professionals are Jordan is a blossoming tourist destination needed to build an effective, sustainable and is well known for The Rose Red of and resilient product and to unleash its , the , the lowest point on full potential. Effective measures and earth, as well as several unique UNESCO frameworks will allow Jordan to both Heritage sites, including Desert. compete as well as collaborate, with With its rich culture, welcoming people, and other, fast developing adventure tourism an abundance of diverse and beautiful destinations, as partner countries within natural vistas, adventure tourism has the MEDUSA Southern Mediterranean been picking up speed in recent years. The region. country boasts a myriad of attractions Jordan has a significant opportunity to and experiences, endless miles of trails, become a first-class adventure tourism wadis and canyons, a distinctive natural destination regionally as well as on a beauty and a rich cultural history which global scale. are the main elements of

1. https://www.marketreportsworld.com/global-adventure-tourism-market-14316948

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 5 2. Attraction inventory for adventure Aqaba each of which is unique in climate, 2.1 Attraction List and biodiversity, , topography and Mapping history, all of which come together to make Jordan such a mystical destination. Jordan is a blossoming tourist destination, The elements have been mapped out and with its rich culture, welcoming people, identified throughout this report, however and an abundance of diverse and so much potential within the country beautiful natural vistas. The country is remains unrealized. Once thoroughly and in no shortage of potential for a myriad sustainably addressed Jordan has the of attractions and experiences, with capacity to be a unique and powerful adventure tourism picking up speed in player in the global adventure tourism recent years. However, it is in need of a playfield. drizzle of attention and support in order to flourish. 2.1.2 Natural Resources This report focuses on six out of Jordan is buzzing with a rich biodiversity and twelve governorates, highlighting and boasts an abundance of natural wonders. exploring the great adventure tourism The remarkable biodiversity is a result of potential within them as pilot areas. its diverse physical characteristics which These include: Irbid, Balqa, Madaba, have yielded an unusual case of richness Karak, Tafileh and Aqaba. The aim in landforms and biological diversity in is to obtain useful, operational and terms of , ecosystems and implementable steppingstones to help species. At the intersection of three nourish the future of adventure tourism continents, Jordan encapsulates four bio- in the country, independently, and more geographical regions: Mediterranean, broadly in conjunction with efforts in the Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Arabian, and the Mediterranean region. Sudanian Penetration. All four transform into 13 vegetation types which, in turn, 2.1.1 Map Summary embrace over 4,000 species of terrestrial, Jordan currently boasts a great deal of freshwater, and marine fauna and flora. natural and cultural assets, as well as a wide range of adventure activities and experiences. In addition to an array of tourist services and accommodations on offer for a variety of needs and desires, Jordan is home to many unique destinations. These have been mapped out accordingly, first on a national level and then specific to the six pilot areas; Irbid, Balqa, Madaba, Karak, Tafileh and

2. The Royal Society for Conservation of (RSCN)

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 7 NATURAL ASSETS JORDAN

In Jordan, there is no evidence of categorising national parks, nature reserves and protected areas separately. Over the years, RSCN has established and is managing twelve nature reserves in Jordan.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 8 No. Name of protected area Year established Area – km sq.

1 Shaumari Wildlife reserve 1975 22

2 1978 72

3 Mujib Biosphere Reserve 1985 212

4 Ajloun Forest Reserve 1987 12

5 1989 320

6 Wadi Rum UNESCO World Heritage Site 1997 729

7 Aqaba Marine Park 1997 2.5

8 Dibeen Forest Reserve 2004 8.5

9 Yarmouk Forest Reserve 2010 21

10 Fifa Nature Reserve 2011 26

11 Burqu Nature Reserve 2018 906

12 Dahik Nature Reserve 2018 265

Of these reserves, the following are Other Natural Resources within the pilot located in the pilot areas: area include:

• • Dana Biosphere Reserve (south- Hot Springs central), Jordan’s largest biosphere reserve Jordan is rich in hot springs along the rift • • Mujib Biosphere Reserve(Eastern shore valley. Tourists and wellness travelers of the Dead Sea), lowest biosphere bathe in the springs to treat chronic reserve in the world physical ailments, including circulation, bone, joint, muscle, skin and back pains. • • Wadi Rum Reserve (south of Jordan), It is also said that the mineral-rich UNESCO World Heritage Site waters help with the treatment of many • • Fifa Nature Reserve(southwest of chronic diseases including rheumatism, Jordan). arteriosclerosis, anemia, the treatment of • • Yarmouk Forest Reserve – (far fertility and other conditions. northwest part of Jordan to the South of Yarmouk River, at the border with the Golan Heights)

• • Aqaba Marine Park – (south of Jordan) One of the main attractions in Aqaba is the pristine coral reef, which is all part of the well- protected Marine Park.

3. http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/geo_env1.html

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 9 Dead Sea high levels of , , , and bromine and 12 of these Located at 400 meters below sea level, minerals are found in no other body of the Dead Sea is the lowest point on earth. water in the world. Studies have shown Reaching temperatures of close to 40°C the combination of the Dead Sea water in the summertime.3 The Dead Sea is and the rich black mud found along effectively a lake and is located in the the shoreline to have significant health Great Rift Valley which runs from Ethiopia benefits including increasing circulation, to Turkey. easing discomfort from arthritis, healing allergies, and revitalizing skin.4 The name of the Dead Sea is due to the uniquely salty water. Virtually no marine Being the lowest site on earth, the Dead life is able to live in these conditions. Sea is distinguished by natural oxygen Where usual seawater is made up of enrichment, low humidity, high barometric around three to four per cent ; The pressure (800 mm Hg), and temperature Dead Sea is about ten times saltier at with increased bromide and magnesium thirty per cent. The River Jordan feeds into concentrations in the inspired air. The the Dead Sea as it flows south from the air is also dry, virtually allergen free and Sea of Galilee. The lake has no outflow. The the high concentration of bromine and water evaporates at a number of millions magnesium in the air relaxes and relieves of liters a day. This leads to crusts of salt 5 tension. deposits on the shoreline as well as a thick balmy haze that appears to filter out the harmful UVB rays of the sun, allowing people to tan but without burning.

Wellness travelers seek the medical benefits of the Dead Sea water as well as the mud, which have proven benefits. The salt content of the water is 31.5% making the water so buoyant that it is impossible for the visitor to sink. The water also contains 21 minerals including

4. http://international.visitjordan.com/whattodo/LeisureWellness.aspx 5. https://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149(98)00873-X

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 10 2.1.3 Cultural Resources

Jordan has a rich and vibrant history engage in tours, cultural and and culture, thus some of Jordan’s rural community experiences including significant tourist experiences include interactive culinary activities, arts and visiting cultural, historical and religious crafts, and others that showcase the sites. Along with an array of various renowned hospitality of Jordanians fully. museums and exhibitions, tourists can

Cultural activities jordan

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 11 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

Given its rich and diverse history Jordan The online database, MEGA Jordan, is home to many ancient sites, from boasts an extensive inventory of prehistory through to the Ottoman period. ancient sites of Jordan, lists over 14420 Some historic sites are well known as archaeological sites in the country. From spectacular tourist destinations like Petra. an Adventure Tourism perspective, there Others have yet to fulfill their potential as is an incredible abundance of locations cultural and economic assets. to explore.6

Historic Buildings

The ancient lands of the country have been historic buildings set against magical captivating travelers and civilizations desert landscapes make Jordan one of for centuries. This is evidenced in the the most unique and alluring places in numerous historical sites and buildings the world, with its buildings and structures that are scattered throughout. Roman embodying a deep history and heritage. amphitheaters, crusader castles, and

6. http://megajordan.org

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 12 Museums

Jordan boasts historical, military, museum. Furthermore there are several cultural, artistic and community specialized museums that are spread museums that showcase its importance across the country that showcase the across consecutive historical eras ancient and the modern history of and civilizations. These museums also Jordan, artefacts, traditional and military document the path of prosperity and costumes, weaponry and machinery achievements in Jordan since the used in battles, as well as ancient coins establishment of the state under the and banknotes, jewellery, artwork and Hashemite leadership. Generally, each certificates of scientific achievements.7 archaeological site hosts at least one

Architectural Treasures

The architectural treasures within the have been transformed into museums. country and the pilot areas are mainly More recent architectural remains historical and have been included under however are highly visible in the old town archaeological sites or religious sites or of As-Salt city dating to the end of the

7. https://rhc.jo/en/jordan-and-jordanians/jordan%E2%80%99s-museums

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 13 19th and early 20th century as well as various tourism related projects, however in parts of the capital . Many of different parts of the country hold witness these buildings are still in use today either to many scattered buildings that date to by their owners or are being re-used for the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Religious Sites

Throughout history, Jordan has been religion freely. Jordan is a land of religious the site of notable events in Islam coexistence, and as a result, the country and Christianity. Although Islam is the protects and maintains sites for faith- national religion, Jordan has a native based travelers as well as those with Christian population who practice their historical and cultural interest in the sites.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Jordan counts five places listed as world located in the governorate of Aqaba, Umm heritage sites, which are Petra, Umm ar-Rasas, located in the governorate ar-Rasas, Wadi Rum, the Baptism Site of Madaba and The Baptism Site in the (Bethany) and Qusseir Amrah. Within the governorate of Balqa. pilot areas, there are three UNESCO World Heritage sites; Wadi Rum Protected Area,

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 14 Additionally, the historical city of As- Reserve, Mujib Biosphere Reserve, Shobak Salt in Balqa has been nominated for a Castle and Pella, to name a few.8 UNESCO status. There are also 15 sites on the tentative list including Dana Biosphere

2.1.4. Adbventure Activities

With all its mystical deserts, glistening seas, Adventure tourism has recently picked rocky and canyons, Jordan up speed in Jordan, with the country offers an abundance of opportunities for successfully placing itself on the global adventure and for all levels of and regional adventure tourism map. fitness, skills and interests.

Cultural activities jordan

8. https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jo

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 15 top 5 activities

HIKING / TREKKING

Hiking is defined as walking a long self-guided hikes and different difficulty distance, especially in nature as a levels. recreational activity. To hike is to engage in a leisure-like activity on pre-made Dana Biosphere reserve is a hotspot for trails and/or roads9. some of the most intriguing and awe- inspiring trails, ranging from easy to Hiking is considered the broadest and extremely difficult, appeasing all interest most prominent adventure tourism and fitness levels. The natural reserves activity in Jordan. Jordan’s nature offers include trails such as the White Dome hiking trails to suit all levels of fitness Trail, the Feynan Plants hike, the Nawatef and experience and a huge diversity of Trail, the Archaeological Treasures hike, landscapes from mountains, to deserts, the Wadi Dana Trail and the full day forests and fields. For nature lovers Jordan Wadi Dathneh and Wadi Ghwair Trails offers a variety of options inside and among others. Hiking is also a crowd outside nature reserves allowing for the favorite in the other reserves as well, with immersive experience of the stories the options such as the Ibex Trail in the Mujib landscape has to offer from scenic views, Biosphere Reserve, and the Arqoub Romi, biodiversity and historical significance. Al-Shreif and Muntamra Valley Trails in the Yarmouk Forest Reserve. All The RSCN offers numerous hiking trails in of which enable the visitor to experience all of its reserves, ranging from short trips and engage with Jordan’s rich and varied (2-4 hours) that can easily fit into any natural landscapes and biodiversity. itinerary or longer ones that can span from 6 hours to several days. These hikes Trekking on the other hand is going on are a great opportunity to experience a long demanding journey, typically by the country’s natural landscape and foot. At the most basic level, hiking is biodiversity in the most immersive way walking a long-distance while trekking possible. These include both guided and is a multi-day activity and requires

9. https://www.britannica.com/sports/hiking

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 16 planning ahead. This is a more rigorous Byzantine monastery ruins at Tel Mar Elias, outdoor experience that is meant to test traditional birthplace of the prophet Elijah, your ability and sanity. The Jordan Trails is Community tourism and rural scenery in the country’s most extensive trek, offering the Al-Ayoun villages and the Medieval a unique experience of its natural and mountaintop site of Ajloun Castle. cultural assets. Ajloun to As- Salt - The 62.4 km trail taking The Jordan Trail is a 730 km trail, divided approximately 4 days to complete, makes into 8 segments starting in the very north its way through Burma village, King Talal of Jordan from Umm Qais to Aqaba, in Dam, Rmeimeen village, Town of Fuheis the very south. Offering 40 days of hiking and finally the City of As-Salt. over more than 650 kilometers of trail and travelling through 52 villages and towns As-Salt to Wadi Zarqa Ma’in- The 84.4 km on its way. The trail traverses the diverse routes taking around 4 days, start of in the landscapes and vistas of the country, from city of As-Salt and makes its way through the rolling wooded hills of the north, the Fuheis, Iraq Al-Ameer, Roman Road before rugged wadis and cliffs overlooking the ending at The Dead Sea canyons of Wadi Jordan Rift Valley, the rose rock of Petra, the Zarqa Main and Wadi Wala. dramatic sands and towering mountains Three Wadis to Karak- This 75km trail, in Wadi Rum, to the crystal waters of the taking about 4 days to complete, passes Red Sea. For thousands of years, ancient through , and the Ruins of paths and trade routes have cut across Magdelina before ending at the Karak the land that today constitutes the state Castle. of Jordan. Jordan was the center of the King’s Highway, a trade route stretching Karak to Dana - around 83.2 from Egypt to Aqaba, and then north to km this trail starts at the Karak Castle Damascus. Divided into eight separate and makes its way through Khirbet sections, the trail leads through Jordanian Ainun village, Tor al Taboun crags, Wadi forests, canyons, deserts, and along the Hasa, Mi’tan and Buseira villages and shores of the Red Sea offering overnight Edomite ruins, Dana Village and the Dana stays in guesthouses, home stays, and Biosphere Reserve. The trail takes about 4 Bedouin . It’s believed that days to complete. Jesus, Moses, and Mohammed all walked this path. The Jordan Trail was chosen Dana to Petra - Taking around 4 days to in 2018 by National Geographic as one complete, this 84.5 km trail starts off at of the places you ‘Must Visit’. These trails the Dana Biosphere Reserve and makes beautifully intersect with the RSCN’s its way through countless other natural reserves allowing for a truly immersive wonders such as the Feynan ruins and experience of the country’s biodiversity. ancient copper mines, Feynan ecolodge, the hidden stream and waterfall in Wadi Umm Qais to Ajloun - Spanning 80km and Feid, Little Petra, and finally ending in taking approximately 4 days to complete Petra, the ancient Nabatean capital and this part of the trail runs through Ruins wonder of the world. of Roman Decapolis at Umm Qais and Pella , ecopark at Wadi Ziglab,

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 17 Petra to Wadi Rum - This route which spans route starts out at Wadi Rum (World 90.6km taking 5 days to complete starts Heritage site) making its way through of in Petra crosses through Jebel Haroun some dramatic desert scenery – (mountaintop burial place of Aaron, off- sandstone domes and granite and basalt route), Humeima, ancient Umayyad ruins, striated mountains, changing color Sandstone mountain “islands” in a sea of constantly throughout the day, Bedouin sand, ending in Wadi Rum. encampment the Village of Titen and

Wadi Rum to Aqaba - The longest finally making its way to the Red Seain 10 segment of the trail at 112 km and taking Aqaba. approximately 6 days to complete this

CYCLING /

Cycling is one of the unique and The trail begins with rolling hills, olive adventurous ways to experience some groves, and farms in the North; continues of Jordan’s most beautiful sights. This is across the dramatic canyons of the available to do either solo, by the most Dead Sea region; meanders through the experienced and adventurous riders or remarkable landscapes of Dana, Petra, assisted/guided by local service providers and Wadi Rum – before finally splashing in the pilot areas. In addition, RSCN offers into the Red Sea. The trails’ difficulty range biking and cycling experiences in most of between easy to very difficult, noting its reserves. that most of the trails in the cycling and mountain biking trails in the pilot areas is a 730km, mixed- The Jordan Bike Trail are rated at difficult (4/5) to very difficult surface bike route that crosses the entire (5/5) by the Jordan Bike Trail length of the beautiful Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Starting from the North in Umm Qais and ending in the Southern port of Aqaba, it passes through an impressive variety of historical and natural wonders.

10. https://jordantrail.org/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 18 Example biking trails in the pilot areas before the long ascent out of Wadi Hidan include: to Dhiban. 4/5 Challenge – 60,1 km 5,5-7 hours Umm Qais to Kufr Rakeb - Starting from from the remains of the Decapolis city Karak to Ais - Starting from Karak and of Gadara (today, Um Qais) moving to encountering the impressive views of a bracing descent toward Al Arab Dam. the city’s castle on the way out of town. From there, the trail offers a climb on The trail continues along a number of paved and dirt roads through a number kilometers of dirt road through small of smaller villages, before another long Jordanian villages and shepherds’ tents descent to the Jordan Valley — at -200m on the way to Wadi Al Hasa, the last of the low point of the trip. The trail rolls for the major wadis on the journey. The long a few easy kilometers along the King descent to the wadi bottom prepares the Abdullah Canal before to Pella, rider for a long ascent to the canyon’s far where one encounters the remains of rim. 4/5 Challenge – 70km – 5-6.5 hours.11 another Decapolis city. From Pella, it’s a long, slow climb to Kufr Rakeb. 4/5 Challenge – 63,2 km, 5-6 hours.

Madaba to Diban - This trail presents a challenge of crossing two of Central Jordan’s major wadis: Wadi Zarqa-Ma’in and Wadi Hidan. While the route sounds difficult, one will actually encounter less total elevation gain today than any other day up to this point. The trail starts descending from Madaba through Wadi Zarqa-Ma’in, before embarking on a steep (but paved) climb to Makawer and Jabal Bani Hamida. From there, it heads straight back down into Wadi Hidan — allowing one to stop and enjoy the views on the way down. Shade trees in the wadi bottom offer a break (or camp) spot,

11. https://jordanbiketrail.com/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 19 / Wet Canyoning

Consisting of venturing into dry wet reserve make it an experience that should canyons, jumping, swimming and be on the top of your canyoning bucket abseiling. Canyoning is the perfect way for list. The all year river flow hosts immense thrill seekers to experience the challenges biodiversity endemic to Jordan. The Mujib and beauty of Jordan’s best and most Biosphere Reserve has 300 plant species spectacular canyons carved by rivers and and several species of migratory birds other offbeat nature experiences. and carnivores animals. Adventurers will hike, scramble, wade, abseil, climb and Wadi Bin Hammad - Adventurers can swim through the breathtaking sandstone explore hidden gorges, rappel, jump and canyons of Wadi Mujib Biosphere Reserve, slide down waterfalls as well as the hot the lowest natural bio reserve on Earth. streams of this beautiful Wadi north of Karak. It ranges in altitude between 800 m The Siq Trail; The trail starts at the Visitor a.s.l. and 380 m. b.s.l.12 Rocky mountainous Center near the Mujib Bridge, taking the slopes are cut by a wadi running to the cantilevered walkway over the dam and Dead Sea at Ghor Haditha. These allow the following the of the river between area to support many threatened plant towering sandstone cliffs to the base of species including Epipactis veratrifolia a large waterfall. Depending on seasonal as well as Moringa peregrina. The area rainfall levels, the gorge may contain pools supports a number of rare animals like deep enough for swimming. This is an the Hyena and Blanford Fox. The presence ideal walk to take slowly and enjoy the cool of several springs create a habitat for water and shade, especially in the heat of the nationally endemic fish species Gara the summer. Easy to moderate depending ghorensis and Aphanius dispar, making on the season. Must be 18. 2-3 hours. for an exciting and educational hike.13 Other canyon hikes included in the pilot Mujib Biosphere Reserve - located at 410 areas that pass by waterfalls and water m above sea level. Surrounded by rugged streams that may or may not include mountainous terrains, bordered by the abseiling are: Wadi Mukheiris hike – Wadi thrilling Red Sea water coasts, it accounts Zarqa Main – Canyoning Wadi Karak – as the best place to go canyoning in Wadi al Hasa - Wadi al Hidan to name a Jordan. The fast, furious waters of the few.

12. A.s.l. – Above sea level / b.s.l. – below sea level 13. https://www.rscn.org.jo/content/ibn-hammad-0

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 20 / Abseiling

Jordan’s diverse terrain and landscape Although Wadi Rum is Jordan’s rock- belie its actual size. Divided into ridges by climbing hub, the country has no valleys and gorges, and a few mountainous shortage of climbing challenges from areas, demonstrating a variety that North to South for the amateurs and makes for a rock climber’s paradise. Wadi enthusiasts alike. With new cliffs being Rum, a vast, echoing labyrinth of brick- bolted in Fuheis in Balqa and Dur Mursud red sand and castellated cliffs in southern near Irbid. However, it is a sport with a lot Jordan. 14Wadi Rum is all about traditional more potential especially considering the (trad) climbing—where climbers use their country’s topography and landscape.15 own gear to protect from falls before removing it. There are a few bolted or sport-climbing routes, where anchor points and protection are permanently installed. This is desert alpinism, with intricate scrambles up low-angle ramps to spectacular 1,800-meter summits via traditional Bedouin routes. The climbing is spectacular. The and climbing are world-class and the bouldering unexplored.

14. http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/geo_env1.html 15. https://www.thecrag.com/en/climbing/jordan

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 21 Birdwatching

Jordan is uniquely located at the tip of Jordan’s surface area. The IBAs include a the Arabian Peninsula where 3 continents variety of natural habitats that are being meet; Asia, and , making the conserved to sustain significant bird Kingdom a migratory mecca for birds. populations in the country. Bird watching Because Jordan is located on the main holidays are typically arranged for smaller migration route, more than a hundred groups during the migratory and breeding million birds are estimated to pass or seasons. Jordan has enormous potential stop over each spring and autumn. to be a bird watching destination. With During the spring migration, huge flocks existing locations such as the Yarmouk of raptors can be observed, such as the Forest Reserve in Irbid, and the Aqaba Bird Steppe Buzzard, Honey Buzzard, Steppe Observatory in the pilot areas, in addition Eagle and Levant Sparrowhawk. In the to the Azraq Wetland Reserve where one autumn migration flocks of Steppe Eagle can get up close and personal with some use the Jordan Valley to continue their of the 390 species of birds which reside in journey from Europe to Africa, in addition Jordan or use it as an annual migratory to hundreds of Montagu’s Harrier and stop.16 Pallid Harrier, which cross the eastern desert plateau.With 27 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) and hundreds of species. The IBAs cover an area of 7600 km2 or 8.5% of

16. http://www.jordanbirdwatch.com/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 22 Land Activities

Horseback-riding

Horseback riders can take a few days Horseback-riding is also available in to retrace the segments of the ancient some of the pilot areas such as Balqa Spice, Silk, and Frankincense Routes. and Madaba through specialized centers Various horse-riding trekking options are and equestrian clubs. Horseback-riding in available. Riding trips range between short these centers is a lot more family friendly day trips, and can last as long as 6 days, and open to all levels of skills, interests and making the trip from Petra to the depths experiences. They are also an interesting of Wadi Rum. It must be noted that some way to take in the various sites around of these trips can be very demanding and Jordan. require a guide and seasoned riders.

Camel Trekking

Camel Trekking is one of the most popular Apart from it being ecologically sound, it activities in the country and makes for enables one to authentically experience an adventurous and engaging travel Wadi Rum as the Bedouin have for experience. Travelling around Wadi Rum centuries and to appreciate the silence by camel is highly recommended. and splendor of the desert.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 23 Mountaineering

Mountaineering refers to ascending a meters, Jabal Umm Ad-Dami is Jordan’s mountain. Depending on the difficulty highest mountain, and Jabal Rum is the and technical aspects of the mountain second highest, standing at 1,734 meters. itself, this ascent could be accomplished Here mountaineers can climb sheer by hiking or climbing. As previously noted, granite cliffs that retain the inscriptions of Jordan’s diverse topography makes for local climbers who were there 5,000 years an interesting and adventurous climbing ago and more. and mountaineering experience. At 1,854

4x4 Exploration

Jordan has many roads that are ‘off Following dry riverbeds all the way up to the beaten track’ and a 4WD will allow the spring emerging from the rose-red adventurers to explore those routes mountains. Offering them a chance to and maximize their time in Wadi Rum. enjoy breathtaking views of the barren Allowing them to meet local Bedouins in landscapes, combining adventure with the desert, drink the traditional Bedouin the highlights of the rich Jordanian history tea, and try sand boarding in the hills. and nature.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 24 Quad Biking

With so many trackless roads Jordan Dead Sea. This activity is perfect for is a hot spot for Quad Biking adventure. the adrenaline junkie and adventurers, Nothing provides a greater sense of the allowing for a unique and timeless everchanging desert dunes and vast experience landscapes in Wadi Rum and near the

Ziplining

Ziplining consists of a pulley suspended in Jordan (550m). Adventurers can enjoy on a cable, usually made of stainless the adrenaline rush and the magnificent steel, mounted on a slope. The Jordan views of the Ziglab dam and surrounding EcoPark in Irbid boasts the first zip-line in areas when riding the zip-line the Middle East, and the longest zip-line

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 25 Photography/ Wildlife Viewing

Spotting wildlife is an exciting activity a rich biodiversity. To date, over 300 for nature lovers, and Jordan is home species of plants, 10 species of carnivores to some of the most endangered and and numerous species of resident and rare wildlife in the Middle East. Such as migratory birds have been recorded. the magnificent Arabian Oryx, a species Some of the mountain and valley areas that was once on the verge of extinction. are difficult to reach and offer safe havens In addition to ostriches, onagers and for rare species of cats, mountain goats graceful desert gazelles. (Ibex) and other mountain animals.16

The Dana Biosphere Reserve is home to a Yarmouk Forest Reserve has four diversity of wildlife; a melting pot of species vegetation types: Deciduous Oak, from three continents: Europe, Africa Mediterranean non-forest, Hydric, and and Asia. Such a combination of natural planted Aleppo Pine. There are 546 plant communities in a single area is unique, species belonging to 72 families and and many of Dana’s animals and plants 309 genera, among them: Deciduous are very rare. So far, a total of 700 plant Oak, which is the national tree in Jordan, species, 190 bird species, 37 mammal Atlantic Pistachio, White Willow, Oriental species and 36 reptile species have been plane, Orchid papilionacea and Aleppo recorded, of which 25 are known to be Pine. With 20 recorded mammalian endangered, including the Sand Cat, the species, among them: Arabian Gazelle, Syrian Wolf, the Lesser Kestrel and the Stone Marten, Rock Hyrax, Egyptian Spiny Tailed Lizard. Without special care, Mangoose, and Asiatick Jackal. A total some of these could disappear from Earth of 111 Bird species were recorded which forever, which makes the Dana Biosphere count for 14% of Jordan’s bird population Reserve a place of global importance. in addition to 15 herpetofaunal species were recorded at Yarmouk Forest Reserve, Mujib’s complex river system and all- among them the Green Toad and the year water flow enable it to support 17 Palestinian Viper.

17. The Royal Society for Conservation of Nature

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 26 lthough not included in the pilot areas, East. Oryx, ostriches, Onagers (an Asian the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve is a notable wild ass) and gazelles, which are depicted breeding center for endangered or locally on many local 6th century Byzantine extinct wildlife. Today, following breeding mosaics, are rebuilding their populations programs with some of the world’s and reasserting their presence in this leading wildlife parks and zoos, this small, safe haven, protected from and 22-square-kilometre reserve is a thriving habitat destruction that nearly wiped protected environment for some of the them out. most rare species of animals in the Middle

SEA Activities

Scuba Diving / Snorkelling

Aqaba offers a full range of facilities for commences at the shoreline. The soft speed boating, , snorkeling, and hard coral formations are attractive sailing, fishing, swimming, water , to visitors, and there are many species windsurfing, or simply loafing and sunning unique to this area. Multiple dive centres in the warm crystal-clear waters of the offer diver training, recreational, shore, Red Sea. boat, deep, night diving, nitrox, diving for physically challenged persons, The sea in the Gulf of Aqaba is almost bubble maker, scuba diving, snorkeling, invariably calm with water temperatures equipment servicing, equipment sale/ varying between 19° C in winter months rental. to 26°C in summer. Diving is shore based as Aqaba offers a fringing reef which

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 27 SUP /

Stand up paddle boarding (SUP) and learn and are great for people of all ages. Kayaking offer a fun way to play on water, These sports have been newly introduced with the added benefit of a full-body to Aqaba and make for a great experience workout. They are great sports when there for adventurers and nature lovers alike as is little wind and waves. They’re easy to there are a lot of corals and sea life to see.

AIR Activities

Hot Air Ballooning

Only available in Wadi Rum, visitors can the seven pillars of wisdom and the natural float above breathtaking natural rock dunes of the desert and the distant red formations, giving them a chance to see sea from 6,000 feet in the air.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 28 Ultralight/ Microlight

Run by the Royal Aero Sports club of the 7 Pillars of Wisdom, the Dead Sea or Jordan, these trips allow one to discover follow the ancient incense route from the Aqaba or Wadi Rum, Lawrences’ springs, comfort of a two-seat aircraft.

Single or twin-engine aircraft

Amateurs and enthusiasts have the of single or twin-engine Diamond Aircraft. chance to enjoy the wonderful skies of Gliding and private plane rentals are also Aqaba and Wadi Rum in the modern fleet available from Marka Airport in Amman.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 29 Wellness and Mindfulness

Floating and Mud baths

The Dead Sea sits more than 450m below rich water, which is some ten times saltier sea level, making it the lowest point on than seawater and rich in chloride of the face of earth. This vast stretch of magnesium, sodium, potassium, bromine water receives a number of incoming and several others. The unusually warm rivers and streams, including the River and incredibly buoyant waters have Jordan. Although sparsely populated and attracted visitors since ancient times. The serenely quiet now, the area is believed Dead Sea’s salt concentration fluctuates to have been home to five Biblical cities: at around 31.5%. This causes a water Sodom, Gomorrah, Adman, Zebouin and density of 1.24 kg/l, which allows people Zoar (Pella). The leading attraction at the to float on the water’s surface, rather than Dead Sea is the warm, soothing, mineral- swim.18

18. https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/change-detection/content/-/article/the-dead-sea

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 30 Yoga & Meditation

Jordan boasts some of the world’s most With its many sites perfect for meditation, spiritual and mystical­ sites but young contemplation, introspection movement tourism professionals are seeking to and yoga, Jordan offers visitors an expand the menu of the kingdom’s opportunity to be in touch with the attrac­tions to include the new trend of elements of nature and oneself. Wadi “meditation tourism.” Meditation tourism Rum in the south, and the Dead Sea and started to emerge around 2014 with a the forest landscapes in the north have strong influence by the Jordan Meditation great potential to become among the Club (JMC). 19 best meditation adventure and wellness destinations. Currently there are some efforts being undertaken in this regard, with meditation and yoga retreats taking place in different spots around the country.

19. https://thearabweekly.com/meditation-tourism-new-trend-jordan

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 31 Hot Springs

The hot springs are heated by hot water The hot springs are an important station that comes from the top of the basaltic on the map of therapeutic tourism which mountain and are dotted with waterfalls, thrives especially in the winter due to the painting a panoramic picture of nature warm climate of the region and its hot and the depth of religious and historical waters. Thousands of visiting bathers heritage. The country is rich in hot springs come each year to enjoy the mineral-rich such as the Ma’in Hot Springs also known waters of these hyper-thermal waterfalls. as Hammamat Ma’in located between The healing powers of hot springs have Madaba and the Dead Sea, the Afra Hot been used for thousands of years and Springs in Tafileh, Al Himma to the north in have been widely accepted as natural Irbid, and those along the Jordan Valley. treatment options for various common ailments.20

20. http://international.visitjordan.com/Whattodo/LeisureWellness.aspx

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 32 Cultural & Culinary

Food Tours / Cooking Experiences

Jordan is diverse, but if there’s one thing even dive into the deep end with some that unites everybody, it’s . Food is a of Jordan’s most famous local dishes, language of its own, one that embodies such as Mansaf, Zarb and Gallayeh (local years of culture and tradition. It’s a great tomato dish). way to break down barriers and bring Spices are an important part of the people together to make and share a Jordanian cuisine, with many herbs and meal with love. condiments grown and packaged locally. Visitors are given a chance to immerse A tour of the spice shops, or an experience themselves completely in Jordanian with local women in traditional food and culture by taking a cooking class or medicinal herbs and spices would enrich sharing a meal with a local family. anyone’s quest for culinary secrets. These experiences are a great way to Culinary experiences in Jordan include get to know the locals and the culture a variety of home cooking, fruit and and go home with new skills and stories vegetable picking, tours of the ‘souk’ – to share. Whether it be learning how to traditional markets, traditional ‘jameed’ bake bread, manakeesh or local desserts, making and simply savoring the local make cheese, jams and pickle olives or flavors in a traditional surrounding.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 33 Agri-Tourism and Engagement in Rural Society

Agri-tourism experiences are ones that Several genuine and authentic agri- involve visitors getting up close and tourism experiences are available through personal with the lives of Jordanians and the RSCN or private service providers that the land. Benefitting not only one family allow visitors to spend a day with a farmer but the whole community. is in the north or a Bedouin in the south. still a novelty in Jordan but with massive Getting hands-on experience and digging potential. Jordanian culture is famous for deeper to the roots of the Jordanian its hospitality and with agri-tourism one culture. can really go behind the scenes and get a chance to experience that hospitality first hand.

CRAFTS

Jordan has many beautiful and interesting north of Jordan is famous for its ceramics handicraft traditions that reflect its and pottery, rug making, weaving and unique culture and history. These can be textiles. As well as its production of natural experienced through the RSCN and other olive oil soap, produced from local olive independent providers. Certain parts of oil. Jordan are known for specific crafts. The

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 34 Central Jordan is the handicraft hub, The south of Jordan is known for its textiles, with many traditional artisanal cities weaving and leather craftsmanship and towns such as Madaba and Salt produced by local Bedouin communities, located in the center of the country. In as well as high quality ceramics and particular, mosaics, ceramics, textiles pottery and silver jewelry craftsmanship. and embroidery, wood carving, mother of Artisans in the south are known for pearl carving, painted glass, modern and creating mouth blown glass and for sand traditional jewelry, traditional dresses, art and sand bottles. sculptures, arabesque furniture, paintings and many more forms of artistic crafts.

Accommodations

Family Homestays

In some towns and villages, local families area of the family’s home. Sleeping host travelers in their homes. Hikers are arrangements may vary—one may sleep likely to be invited into the visitors’ room in a guest room or on foam mattresses in in the house, where they can rest, visit the shared visitors’ room—and bathrooms with the host family, and share meals. can be basic. Homestays include supper Women might be invited into the private and breakfast.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 35 Traditional Hospitality

In some towns and villages, local families area of the family’s home. Sleeping host travelers in their homes. Hikers are arrangements may vary—one may sleep likely to be invited into the visitors’ room in a guest room or on foam mattresses in in the house, where they can rest, visit the shared visitors’ room—and bathrooms with the host family, and share meals. can be basic. Homestays include supper Women might be invited into the private and breakfast.

Hotels and

Jordan boasts a large number of as the Dead Sea and Aqaba. In addition of different star ratings, especially in to hostels, although they are not as larger towns and in tourist areas, such prominent and popular in the county.

1* 2* 3* 4* 5*

Hotels 67 68 63 35 37

No of Beds 3,288 4,807 6,518 7,117 5,103

Source: MOTA

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 36

From a legal perspective, it is generally Conservation of Nature (RSCN) Protected allowed to camp in Jordan, with specific Areas outside of the defined and existing sites set up to accommodate campers. accommodation sites. Camping is still However, campers must avoid private new in Jordan, and it is still fairly culturally property and note that camping is unwelcome to find female campers not allowed in the Royal Society for camping out alone.

Accommodation of Charm

Jordan boasts a unique array of have become a new crowd favorite for their accommodations of charm, these could fusion of authenticity and romanticism. include the see through bubbles, caves They offer an experience that is unlikely to and even upgraded cars. These spots be replicated anywhere else in the world.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 37 Cabins/Chalets/Eco-lodges

These spaces are easily accessible, and of its nature reserves. Guests are assured offer guests an atmosphere of calm, of comfort and unobtrusive attentiveness, where life slows down to the rhythms of combined with an intimacy with nature. In nature providing a unique combination addition to reserves there are a number of of comfort and connection. The RSCN independent projects as well. provides small, intimate lodges at many

Guest HouseS

These are places designed to intrigue story, the more curious one is, the more and inspire the visitor, making them feel they’ll get out of the story. They are a great at home. They are spaces that reward way to experience the beauty and magic the curious. More of an experience than of Jordan. an accommodation. These houses tell a

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 38 2.2 Attraction List and Mapping in Pilot Areas

2.2.1 IRBID

Natural Assets

Yarmouk Forest Reserve - is located in the ruins are extensive and made from black far northwest part of Jordan to the South basalt rock. Umm Qais is at the forefront of Yarmouk River, at the border with the of community-based . Golan Heights. The total area of Yarmouk Hiking, biking and beekeeping, as well as Forest Reserve is 20 km2. It contains two foraging and cooking classes, are offered main topographic areas: Mountains which near in the vicinity. are covered by deciduous oak up to 500 m high above the sea level, punctuated Pella (Tabqat Fahel) by valleys of small and medium descent The ancient city of Pella is one of the cities towards the Yarmouk river. The reserve of the Roman Decapolis. Surrounded by has two vegetation types: Deciduous oak fertile valleys, Pella has been inhabited forest and freshwater vegetation. from the Stone Age to medieval Islamic

The Al Himma Hot Springs - in Irbid are times. The ruins are spread out, and many located around 10km north of Umm Qais of the relics remain unexcavated. and were once highly regarded by the Gadara Aqueduct Romans for their therapeutic benefits. Aiding everything. Archaeological surveys indicate that Gadara was occupied as early as the 7th Cultural Activities century BC. The Roman tunnel in Umm Qais is the longest Roman aqueduct Archaeological sites known in the world, extending to 170 km from Jordan to . The tunnel system of Umm Qais (Gadara) the later known as Qanat Fir’aun ( canal The ruins of the Decapolis of the City of of the Pharaoh) is by far the longest built Gadara is located in the northwestern tip structure of antiquity and one of the most of Jordan at the crossroads of Jordan, important engineering achievements Syria, the Palestinian Territories / Israel, of that era, and can now be visited in a encompassing the Golan Heights and guided tour.21 the Sea of Galilee. Roman and Ottoman

21. http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/gadara/index.html

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 39 Historic Buildings Adventure Activities Al Nabulsi House - which sits on the south Hiking west corner of the Fuara complex is a fragrant reminder of ancient Arabella. Yarmouk Forest Reserve - There are The building, which was built in 1921, 4 guided and self-guided trails in and belonged to the Nabulsi family but has around the reserve that range from since been acquired by the municipality easy to moderate. With some taking 1-2 for preservation and restoration as one of hours and some taking up to 7 hours and the architectural and historical landmarks each offering unparalleled views of the of Irbid.22 surrounding areas.23

Museums Ziglab Dam - There a variety of walking tours, both to explore within the borders Dar al-Saraya Museum - is located in a of the park, and in the surrounding region building that dates back to the Ottoman and communities.24 period. Originally built as a fortress, it’s chronologically arranged exhibits Umm Qais - Hikers are spoiled for choice introduce Jordan’s civilisation through in Umm Qais, with eight trekking routes to works of mining, sculpture, mosaics, seals, pick from, all varying in terrain and level jewellery, as well as Thamudic and Arabic of difficulty.25 inscriptions. Pella - The hike is a healthy walk around Museum of Jordanian Heritage - is the oak-dotted limestone hills of Pella located in the Faculty of Archaeology and near the archaeological site of Tabaqat Anthropology at Yarmouk University. The Fahl. With sweeping views of the Jordan aim is to show the story and history of Valley, there are Byzantine and Roman humankind in Jordan. ruins as well as evidence of Bronze and Iron Age settlements spread throughout Umm Qais Archaeological Museum - is the area.26 located within the ancient ruins of Umm Qais. The museum displays mosaics, Cycling/Mountain Biking columns, ceramics, tombs, and statues dating from the Hellenistic to the Islamic Cycling in Umm Qais - Umm Qais has period. a number of light, intermediate and advanced cycling trails to pick from. Each trail has a different view of the natural landmarks which surround this hill-top village located at the edge of Jordan.25

22. http://alrai.com/article/10505834/%D9%85 23. https://www.wildjordan.com/destinations/yarmouk-forest-reserve 24. http://jordanecopark.com/activities 25. https://barakadestinations.com 26. https://hiking-in-jordan.com

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 40 Cycling near Ziglab Dam - Bike trails can Culinary be found throughout the park, and for Jordanian Local Food Experience in Umm those who seek a longer ride, biking in the 24 Qais - Visit the home of a local chef for local village is also quite pleasant. an authentic experience with great farm Cycling in Yarmouk Forest Reserve - 1,240 to table dishes that represent Jordan and feet (378 m) above sea level and boasting the rich culture and biodiversity of the the country’s one and only oak tree forest, northern region. 25 the reserve is a beautiful destination for Cooking Classes in Umm Qais - Umm cycling. Cycling is allowed in the reserve, Qais’s rich biodiversity makes for a unique but local experts strongly recommend 27 set of local ingredients. Visitors will learn hiring a cycling . how to put these together to make a Rock Climbing magical meal which is representative of Jordan and the northern region. 25 Wadi al Arab - Caves that are shady for most of the day, making for a perfect Cheese-making in Pella - An immersive place to work on an overhang. fresh cheese-making experience, with a local cheesemaker. involving milk. The Ziplining experience involves milking goats and producing cheese at the home of a family Ziplining near Ziglab Dam - Visitors can owned enterprise. 25 zip across the longest zipline in Jordan 24 70m above the Ziglab Dam. Agri-tourism and Engagement in Rural Society Eco-Adventure Park Beekeeping/Honey Harvesting in Umm EcoPark near Ziglab Dam - located in the Qais - An opportunity to learn about the northern part of the Jordan Valley (north fascinating queendom of beekeeping, of Jordan) covers an area of 2.7 square and help in making some naturally sweet kilometer with diverse Mediterranean and additive- free honey.25 bushland ecosystem and the Ziglab dam, which is the first dam in Jordan Olive Picking and Pressing in Umm Qais - established in the 1960s, and it’s - Umm Qais is inside Jordan’s fertile surrounded by farmland and Bedouin crescent. According to an August, 2017 goat herders. The design of the EcoPark is report from Jordan’s Department of based on permaculture principles where Statistics, Irbid is the country’s largest residents participate in the growing of producer of olives. In 2015, 2,383,686 trees food, recycling, and a community spirit produced 71,853 tons of olives and 11,611 of sharing. The park features many tons of olive oil. This makes it Jordan’s opportunities for adventure, most notably most important olive-growing region, and 24 the longest zipline in Jordan. a natural destination for food tourism.

27. https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/jordan/articles/spectacular-places-to-cycle-in-jordan/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 41 Foraging in Umm Qais - Umm Qais is a Masonry is an ancient Roman art, used lush garden with many edible plants, for centuries for different art works and fruits, and vegetables that can be found documentation purposes. This experience on the hills that surround the village, revives this ancient and high precision art making it an ideal place for foraging.25 technique.25

Seed Bombs Making in Umm Qais - There Hadab Making in Umm Qais - Visitors are are hundreds of wild plants that are given a chance to learn how to weave essential to the area’s ecological diversity and embroider a Hadab - the traditional and of high medicinal value. One of which Jordanaian scarf alongside skilled local is wild Za’atar (Origanum syriacum L) that artisans. 25 has long been part of ancient civilizations’ Basket Weaving in Umm Qais - Weaving food culture. Planting Zaatar in Umm with banana leaves, palm, and straw is Qais is of high conservation value, as the a tradition that has deep roots within species has been evaluated as nationally Jordan & the Yarmouk Valleys. Visitors threatened. Visitors will learn how to make learn how to weave a coaster or basket seed bombs of propagated wild Zaatar with the help of a local artist. Uncovering seeds. The final product can then be the techniques that’ve been used for dispersed into nature and will grow into generations and leave with a memento plants naturally once it rains. of their stay.25 Pomegranate picking and community engagement in Jdeita village – In Bird Watching collaboration with Zikra Initiative, a Yarmouk Forest Reserve - The Yarmouk socio-ecological tourism project called Valley is one of the 27 Important Bird Areas Rummana was born. Visitors can hike in the country. It is a great spot to observe through Bergesh Forest, pick seasonal species such as the Black Kite, Black Stork, pomegranates and engage with the local Greater Spotted Cuckoo, Honey Buzzard, community over a traditional Jordanian Pallid Harrier, Syrian Woodpecker and the meal of the Northern parts and indulge in 28 White Stork. kunafa making.

Shepherds Experience Pella - A three hour long experience with a local shepherd, accompanied by an enjoyment of the views of Pella’s landscapes over breakfast and tea.25

Craft

Stone Masonry in Umm Qais - Stone

28. https://www.pathsofjordan.net/birdwatching-in-jordan

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 42 ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES - IRBID

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 43 2.2.2 BALQA

Natural Assets Historic Buildings

Dead Sea - Located at 400 meters below As-Salt City boasts a very rich architectural sea level, the Dead Sea is the lowest heritage. Hundreds of historical buildings point on earth. The water, which is some dot the hills of As-Salt. The houses ten time saltier than regular sea water typically feature tall, arched windows. The is rich in minerals and trace elements ornamental details are characteristically including magnesium, bromine, sulphur, fine. Multiple restoration projects have and bitumen. The unusually been carried out to preserve the heritage warm, incredibly buoyant and mineral- and reinvigorate As-Salt as a destination rich waters have attracted visitors of interest. since ancient times, all of whom have Al Hammam Street (As-Salt), meaning luxuriated in the Dead Sea’s rich, black, ‘The Bath Street’ used to be the street stimulating mud and floated effortlessly where the Turkish bath was located. on their backs while soaking up the The traditional Ottoman stone buildings water’s healthy minerals along with the surrounding the street were restored, gently diffused rays of the Jordanian sun. bringing the place back to its ancient Given its location, the air is very dense in beauty. oxygen, offering another health benefit for those staying at the Dead Sea. Museums

Cultural Activities Using the Japanese experience in promoting eco-museums, the city of Archaeological Sites Salt adopted this concept in developing and promoting As-Salt as an open-air Baptism Site of Jesus Christ, also named museum that enables visitors to visit Al Maghtas, meaning ‘immersion’ in houses that represent certain traditions or Arabic. The site includes two critical areas eras, with residents dressed in costumes of archaeological importance. Elijah’s Hill reflecting that and serving food typical boasts the remnants of a monastery. In of the era or tradition in question. The an area close to the River Jordan, there concept sees the whole old city center are ruins of pilgrim and hermit dwellings, of As-Salt as a museum. With the focus churches and baptism ponds. on ‘Living Heritage’, As-Salt’s traditional Ayyubid Fortress There are also remains lifestyle is integrated into the cultural of the Ayyubid fortress that once thrived in experience. the area. To showcase and display many artifacts and treasures from the past, an Archaeological and Folklore Museum in As-Salt offers an exciting look at the past.

29. http://international.visitjordan.com/Wheretogo/TheDeadSea.aspx

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 44 As-Salt Historical Museum (Beit Abu of Madyan, who were merchants who Jaber) - built between 1892 and 1906. controlled the great trade routes between The house provides a clear example of a Yemen and Syria, and between Iraq and nineteenth-century merchant residence Egypt. in the region. The various rooms of the Saint George’s Church in As - Salt is also house offer information that tells the story known as ‘the green one’ (Al Khader of the city of As-Salt. The views from the Church). It is most likely the only place house are spectacular. of worship where Muslims and Christians As-Salt Archaeological Museum (Beit pray alongside each other. Miraculous Touqan) - located in a restored Ottoman- healings of difficult diseases are linked era building. The exhibit focus is on to the location. The 300-year-old church, pottery and glass spanning the Roman, poised on top of one of Salt’s hills, has Byzantine, and Islamic eras. The exhibition been built around a small cave where St mainly showcases local crafts, dress and George appeared to a farmer. traditional farming activity tools as well as fragments of mosaics from churches Walking Tours around As-Salt. As-Salt: Harmony Trail and Al-Maidan Dead Sea Museum - En route to Street Guided - Visitors Mai’n, it hosts the geology, history and can enjoy a guided walking tour of environment of the Dead Sea. the Harmony Trail that fuses between Muslims and Christians. They are given Religious Sites the chance to explore the Al Ein Plaza, the English Evangelical Hospital Complex, and The Baptism Site – also known as ‘Bethany many other significant landmarks of the beyond the Jordan (Al-Maghtas) is city. The tour ends at Al - Maidan Street considered the original location of the and tourists can visit the Al - Hammam place where Jesus was baptised by Street Shops where they can shop at their John the Baptist and as a result a site of leisure. significant importance, in particular, for faith-motivated travelers. UNESCO World Heritage

Prophet Joshua Shrine - To the west of Baptism Site ‘Bethany Beyond the Jordan’ As-Salt, lies the shrine of Prophet Joshua. (Al-Maghtas) The site is believed to be An apprentice of Prophet Moses, he later the place where John the Baptist baptised became the successor of Moses. Jesus. The Roman and Byzantine ruins include chapels and churches, caves, Prophet Shuaib Shrine - This tomb is baptism pools and a monastery. The believed to be that of Shuaib. He is Baptism Site is a very significant and regarded as being the father-in-law important place for Christian pilgrimage.30 of Moses and was sent to the people

30.https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1446

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 45 As- Salt City has been nominated for to experience the Dead Sea’s UNESCO world Heritage status for its rich off road paths on the back of a quad bike history and cultural magnificence. or ATV.

Adventure Activities Horseback Riding

Hiking Gilead near Zai, As-Salt - Children six years of age and above can visit, pet, Gilead near Zai, As-Salt - Hiking in Nature is groom and experience pony rides. 31 good for the body, mind and soul. Visitors can get acquainted with the unique Gilead, As-Salt - This equestrian center flora and fauna and enjoy hikes in the is located in one of the most beautiful lovely forests around Gilead. A selection areas of As-Salt Gilead. Offering visitors of different hikes from easy to hard are inspiring views and the enjoyment of pure 33 available.31 horseback riding.

Wadi Shuaib - This refreshing valley 2.5 Archery km SE of As-Salt boasts a few hiking trails Gilead near Zai, As-Salt - Archery is known and interesting caves to explore.32 to be the ultimate Zen sport and budding

Cycling and Mountain Biking Robin Hoods can now feel at one with nature and practice this ancient sport Gilead near Zai, As-Salt - Visitors can with the help of instructors in a dedicated explore the area on two wheels, with and safe area. cycling routes being developed alongside professionals.31 Aerosports

Canyoning/ Wet Canyoning The Royal Aerosports Club of Jordan (RASCJ) has new experiences for aerosport Travelers Seeking an activity with a shot enthusiasts including flying over the Dead of adrenaline need only look to just a little Sea in their new gyrocopters. The club also further inland on the Dead Sea highway has 1 ultralight aircraft: A Remos G3. The to find themselves amidst a wealth of aircraft uses a Rotax 912 uls 100 hp engine. waterfalls, wadis (valleys and canyons) The aircraft takes 1 passenger and can be carved by rivers and other offbeat nature hired for pleasure/sightseeing flights or experiences that feel far removed from for aerial photography. Additionally, they the languid seashore below. are scheduled to start offering tandem skydiving experiences from the sky zone Quad Biking over the Dead Sea as well.34

Dead Sea - This is a great opportunity for

31. https://mountainbreeze.jo/activities 32. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/salt/activities/wadi-ash-shuaib/a/poi-act/1442960/1298985 33. https://www.allspots.com/jo/directory/-Jordan+Country+Side+Center 34. http://www.rascj.com/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 46 Yoga & Meditation Firewood Knafeh Making - Knafeh is a traditional Middle Eastern dessert, made Dead Sea - With its soft blue waters, of sweet filo pastry or semolina dough therapeutic floating capacity and healing stuffed with cheese. This experience minerals. The Dead Sea is the ideal location provides the opportunity to observe and to relax, unwind and connect with oneself learn how to prepare this delicious dish, and the wonders of the natural world. cooked on the oldest cooking fuel in the history of mankind; firewood.35 Culinary Manakeesh and Zaatar Making in As Salt Jameed Processing - An authentic - A chance to learn about one of the most Jordanian experience isn’t complete essential spice blends in Mediterranean without a side of mansaf; the country’s cuisine. Helping mix the dried thyme with traditional dish. A key ingredient of which sesame and sumac, a blend that is then is Jameed, strained goat’s milk yogurt. mixed with olive oil and spread on dough Visitors can observe how goat milk is to be baked in an outdoor oven. During strained and transformed into dried the process visitors will learn about the Jameed balls through a traditional and benefits of all the ingredients and see how fun process, and learn about its secret sumac is extracted before being added ingredient, the Hawayej, comprising 23 to the mixture.35 wild herbs collected during the Summer season.

Maamoul Baking - Maamoul is a popular dessert made with semolina and stuffed with dates, pistachios or walnuts, usually for a celebration or . Making this dessert is a popular family tradition that brings together women from the same family and their neighbours to join forces in producing the intricate Maamoul. Visitors can engage with or observe this socio- cultural tradition and get some deeper insight into the Jordanian heritage.35

Halaweh Making - Halaweh is a traditional and popular Middle-Eastern dessert prepared with sweetened tahini and mixed with pistachios. Visitors are given the chance to learn the art of making this local sweet through a local family’s special recipe.35

35. http://bookagri.com/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 47 Agri-tourism and Engagement in Rural how to make goat butter, feeding orphan Society lambs, baking Saj bread made from full grain wheat, riding a tractor, playing Beekeeping/Honey Harvesting in As- marbles, planting barley or wheat and Salt - Beekeeping is a very interesting harvesting when in season.35 activity, and the true joy behind it lies in the harvesting of the golden crop. Dinner with a local family in As Salt -The The quality of which heavily depends perfect finishing touch for a day out in As on the surrounding environment. This Salt. Visitors can have dinner with a local experience is an opportunity to learn how family. They’ll meet them at their home, to harvest this natural goodness, and help prepare the food and learn how to how to differentiate between pure honey prepare a traditional dish, and then eat and adulterated honey.35 dinner together. This is a great way of meeting locals, learning from them and Tree Planting - Trees are vital for our discovering new food. survival, and planting is a great family activity that teaches kids and adults Craft about responsibility and the importance Henna Experience in As Salt - Henna has of caring for the environment. It is a been known since ancient times, it has great way to add more trees to Jordan’s a kind of sanctity in many for woodlands and create hope for a better its use in cosmetics; thanks to its safe future. quality in dyeing the hair and body. First Volunteering at Peace Wadi - A date used by the Nabataeans, this experience and Moringa farm in South Shunneh helps revive an ancient and beautiful art where volunteers and visitors are always and tradition. welcome to work around the farm and Pottery Making in As Salt - Pottery has gardens – watering, weeding, harvesting, long had a valuable place in Middle small construction work or DIY to improve Eastern and Jordanian culture, and is the farm, cook and prepare food or greatly representative of the place and spend time with visitors. its people. Visitors can experience every Farmer Living As Salt - This is a chance step of the process of hand making to learn about the local traditions pottery.38 and culture of Jordanian farmers by participating in their daily chores while enjoying unconventional activities in the outdoors. The hands-on experience includes collecting free-range eggs, chasing chickens, milking goats, learning

36. https://peacewadi.com/volunteering/ 37. https://in2jordan.com/10-things-to-do-in-salt/ 38. http://www.visitas-salt.com/en/Experinces/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 48 ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES - balqa

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 49 2.2.3 MADABA dating back to the late sixth century. The church features one of the first mosaics in Natural Assets Madaba, identified by scholars in 1887. A school specializing in the conservation of Hot Springs -South of Madaba City , in the mosaics is housed adjacent to the park. Governorate of Madaba, the Ma’in hot springs are located 58 km south of Amman. The Madaba Mosaic Map, which forms Whilst elevated above the Dead Sea; the part of the floor of the St. George’s Church springs are still at 120 meters below sea is of significant historical importance, level. There are a total of 63 springs in the features the oldest map of Palestine. Ma’in region. The water contains different It features over 150 Greek captions essential elements including hydrogen depicting important biblical sites from sulfide, calcium, chloride, sodium and Palestine to Egypt. The original size of the , with a similar chemical map was around 15 to 25 meters in length composition, including sodium, calcium, with a width of 6 meters and contained chloride, radon, hydrogen sulfide and more than two million stone mosaic carbon dioxide and many other minerals. pieces. The water can run very hot from the spring Mount Nebo Museum - is located in a and exceeds 50 degrees Celsius. church which forms part of a functioning Franciscan monastery. The small museum Cultural Activities is situated on top of Mount Nebo and was built on the fourth-century foundations of Archaeological Sites a former church. It is believed that Moses Apostles Church Museum – The original was shown the Holy Land as well as his ruins of the Byzantine church date resting place from this spot. back to 568. It was restored in 1993. The church features massive arches that Museums span approximately sixteen meters. A floor mosaic depicts a woman emerging Madaba Museum (Al-Twal House) - from the sea. She is surrounded by was established in 1978. The museum mythical aquatic creatures as well is housed in several old residences built as exotic vegetation, parrots but also on mosaic floors and divided into The rams and bulls, the mosaic is known as Archaeological Museum and the Folklore ‘Personification of the Sea’. Museum. Featuring archaeological, mosaic, and folkloric collections dating Madaba Archaeological Park - includes back to the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, the ruins of several Byzantine buildings, and Islamic periods. among which the Church of the Virgin,

39. https://www.alhakaya.com/ 40. http://www.haretjdoudna.com/index.html 41. http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/geophysicist-turns-cave-discovery--madaba 42. http://www.findglocal.com/JO/Madaba/337479690244621/Dar-Al-Saraya--and-Restaurant 43. https://beit-shuwayhat-heritage-house.business.site/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 50 La Storia Museum (Al Hakaya) - Beit Shuwayhat - This Shuwayhat Heritage Strategically located on a hill overlooking Detached House, was built in 1937 and Madaba, and 2km before Mount Nebo. Al during the British mandate, where Jordan Hakaya is an immersive culture center got its independence in 1946. where people can take an exciting journey through history to explore Jordan’s Religious Sites religious, historical and cultural heritage St George – The as a strategic nexus between different modest 19th century Greek Orthodox civilizations from the past to the present. church, located in the centre of the City of Madaba, houses a mosaic treasure Historic Buildings of early Christianity. The extraordinary Jmeian House (Haret Jdoudna) - Now mosaic map, crafted in AD 560, is said a lively and attractive restaurant, Haret to be the oldest map of Palestine and Jdoudna was previously an ancient depicts all the major biblical sites of the historical house located in Roman Middle East, from Palestine to Egypt. Madaba; the host of the unique and Mount Nebo – is set high up on the hill precious mosaics. before the sharp descent to the Rift Valley Mrah Salameh - Jordanian geophysicist’s below, allowing for far-reaching views. It passion towards educating people about overlooks the Dead Sea, the Jordan River caves and their history prompted him to Valley, Jericho and Jerusalem beyond. build a hub for cave enthusiasts. Mrah From here it is said that Moses viewed the Salameh is a traditional restaurant Holy Land of Canaan, the promised land, in the heart of Moabite caves; it lies but would never enter. In the 4th century, a in a neighborhood on the west side small church was built to commemorate of Madaba where natural caves have the end of Moses’ life. Following extensions evolved over the past decades. Such in the 5th and 6th centuries, the current caves have witnessed several civilizations basilica features a stunning array of (i.e. Moabite, Nabatean, Ghassanids, Byzantine mosaics. Subsequently, Mount Omayyad, and the Abbasid). Nebo became a pilgrimage site and gained more attention following the Dar Al Saraya - Built in the late 19th Pope’s pilgrimage visit back in 2000. century as the administrative centre of the Ottomans, this grand old building was Moses Springs - is located approximately subsequently used as the headquarters 1 km from Mount Nebo, as mentioned in of the British administration in 1922. It the Bible. It is believed that the Prophet has been beautifully restored and has Moses struck a rock and water came from the potential to be utilized as a hotel and that spot, where now eucalyptus trees restaurant. grow.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 51 Fort Muheros Canyon is a 17.9 kilometer out and back trail located near Thiban, that Mkawer – (Mukawir – Machareus) is features a lake and it is rated as difficult. said to be the dramatic site of the fort The trail is primarily used for hiking and of the Roman- appointed ruler Herod 15 nature trips. during the time of Jesus Christ. On this hilltop, overlooking the Dead Sea, Herod Cycling imprisoned and beheaded John the Baptist after Salome’s fateful dance of the Madaba - A 25 kilometer two hour ride seven veils. out on quiet, scenic back roads towards Mount Nebo, with views of the Dead Sea. UNESCO World Heritage From Mount Nebo the trail goes south into the Wadi Jadid, where one can get off to Umm Ar-Rasas - With most of the city look around a field of early Bronze Age now in ruins, Umm Ar-Rasas, originally dolmens: 5000-year old burial chambers inhabited by the Romans to protect trade built from huge stones and found nowhere routes from the Arabian Peninsula to the else in the Middle East. Levant, is now an Archaeological site perfect for those who love history. Listed Canyoning/ Wet Canyoning / Climbing on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2004 because of its diverse Roman and Islamic Wadi Hidan - Located in Karak influences.15 Governorate, but the way to reach it thru Madaba city , this canyon continues Adventure Activities alongside King’s Highway. It’s 4 km canyon that can be extended to 9 km depending Hiking on the physical ability of hikers. A beautiful black basaltic canyon filled with narrow Wadi Khashabah is a 4.8 kilometer out and gorges, fresh natural pools, mesmerizing back trail located near Thiban, Madaba, green vegetation and wildlife.45 that offers scenic views and is rated as moderate. The trail is primarily used for Wadi Zarqa Ma’in - Just off the Dead Sea hiking and nature trips. Highway 12km south of Sweimeh, this 3.5km hike is a great way to appreciate Machaerus and the Memorial of the the rugged rock walls of the valley, dotted Prophet Yahya is a 1.6 kilometer loop trail with ferns and palm trees that cling to the located near Dhiban, that offers scenic cliffside. views and is good for all skill levels. The trail is primarily used for hiking and nature Wadi Attun Hot Springs - This is a small, trips.44 pleasant Wadi between Mujib and Ma’in. It is a simple, straightforward hike with a few boulders to scramble over. There are multiple small waterfalls, many of which

44. https://www.alltrails.com/trail/jordan/madaba/wadi-khashabah?ref=result-card

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 52 have carved slides through the bedrock.47 production of mosaic art and stone presentation.48 Agri-tourism and Engagement in Rural Society Weaving - The Bani Hamida Women’s Weaving Project revived traditional Olive Picking and Pressing - Historically, Bedouin rug weaving, helping to maintain the Olive tree has symbolized lots of the social fabric of the Mukawir area. meanings for the Jordanian community, Using home-made ground looms and and culturally speaking, it is one of the wooden spindles, the project rejuvenated most valued trees in the levant region. the unique warp-faced flat weave in pure This is a chance to live out the tradition wool, along with the colours and particular and connect with locals on one of the designs representing Jordan’s unrivalled most memorable experiences. traditional rug making.49

Craft

Mosaic Art in Madaba - Mosaic is the decorative art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, marble or other materials, and Madaba is home to some of the most beautiful works that dates back to the Roman and Byzantine-Umayyad period. Visitors can tour the sites or take a workshop and learn about this ancient and decorative art form. Additionally, tourists can visit the Madaba Institute for Mosaic Art and Restoration (MIMAR). Founded in 2007 as a regional center of excellence for preserving mosaics as a unique component of Jordan’s cultural and historical heritage, and providing skilled and professional graduates for employment in the restoration and

45. https://www.experiencejordan.com/trek-walk/wadi-hidan/ 46. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/hiking-jordans-dead-sea-coast 47. https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/wadi-attun-13131043 48. http://www.mimarjordan.org/ 49. http://www.alhakaya.net/product.php?id_product=49

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 53 ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES - Madaba

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 54 2.2.4 KARAK supports a number of rare animals like the Hyena and Blanford Fox. The presence Natural Assets of several springs holds the presence of the nationally endemic fish species Gara Fifa Nature Reserve - Fifa Nature Reserve ghorensis and Aphanius dispar. The area is home to two important plant patterns: is part of a larger IBA also named Wadi the salt plant pattern and the tropical Hammad – Haditha, where large numbers plant pattern. In addition to these, the of migrant raptors pass every year.50 reserve protects seven endangered plant and animal species, such as the Cultural Activities Arak plant, lynx and hyena. Sudanese characteristics prevail throughout the Archaeological Sites reserve with its semi- desert system and Karak Crusader Castle. The impressive high temperatures. The biodiversity of the Crusader Castle dominates the city of flora and fauna has been able to survive Karak, at 900 meters above sea level. The the difficult conditions. The reserve is castle lies within the walls of the old city home to 4% of all plant species and 8% of and dates back to the 12th century, though the animal species in Jordan. it has been a fortress since biblical times. Mujib Biosphere Reserve - Mujib-Hidan Historic buildings River System is a permanent running water riverine system that is enabling Karak is home to many historic buildings Mujib Biosphere Reserve to host rich in need of renovation, amongst these biodiversity. To date, over 400 species buildings are: the Karak Secondary School, of plants, 10 species of carnivores and which was built in 1899, and the Latin almost 200 species of resident and Monastery School which was built in 1874, migrant birds have been recorded. Some , in addition to the neighborhoods of Al of the mountain and valley areas are Souaoub, Al Habashneh and Al-Masehia difficult to reach and offer safe havens (Christian quarter).51 for rare species of cats, mountain goats (Ibex) and other mountainous animals.50 Museums

Wadi Bin Hammad - The area lies north Karak Archaeological Museum - is located of Karak, ranging in altitude between 800 in the west wing of the Karak Crusader m a.s.l and 380 m.b.s. Rocky mountainous Castle, which used to be the living quarters slopes are cut by a Wadi running to the for soldiers during the Mamluk period. This Dead Sea at Gour Hadith, allowing the museum houses ruins, dating back to the area to support many threatened plant Neolithic, Moabite, Nabatean, Islamic, and species including Epipactis Veratrifolia Crusader periods. as well as Moringa peregrina. The area

50. The Royal Society for Conservation of Nature (RSCN) 51. https://en.royanews.tv/news/16534/Heritage-houses-in-Karak-in-need-of-renovation

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 55 Al-Mazar Islamic Museum – is located Adventure Activities next to the site of the early Islamic battle of Mu’ta near Karak. The museum Hiking showcases a collection of architectural pieces, carvings, coins, ceramics, and Mujib Biosphere Reserve sculptures dating to the Mamluk period. Ibex Trail - the trail begins at the Visitor

The Museum at the Lowest Place on Earth Center and follows the Dead Sea Highway at Safi - It currently houses 22 exhibition before ascending into the Reserve. cases and information panels including Diverging to the south, the trail runs material from prehistory to the present. parallel to the Dead Sea, which provides Some of the highlights include finds from a startlingly blue backdrop for the entire the Sanctuary of Lot excavations (on which hike. The hike then continues along a site the museum is located), evidence of a number of dry wadis to the Raddas Ranger newly discovered medieval sugar factory, Station, where you may see Nubian Ibex. It rarely preserved Graeco-Roman clothes is also where the famous rock “statue” of and over 500 Greek inscriptions.52 Lot’s wife can be seen. After a rest at the Station, the trail continues along a road for Religious sites about one hour until reaching the Reserve entrance near the – 4 hours. Prophet Noah’s Tomb – On a hilltop in Karak, there lays an important religious Canyoning/ Wet Canyoning / Climbing shrine dedicated to the Prophet Noah. The Prophet Noah is of importance in the Bible, Karak has an abundance of hidden Holy Quran and Torah. The memorial in gorges, wadis and canyons perfect for Karak is one of the speculated locations of canyoning, including: Noah’s tomb. As a result, it is of importance Wadi Bin Hammad - An 18 km gorge that to faith motivated travelers. crosses Jordan parallel to Wadi Hasa,

Lot’s Cave is surrounded by the ruins flowing from Rakin and Batir on the kings of a small Byzantine church (5th to 8th highway road to Gour al Haditha on the centuries), a reservoir and some mosaics, Dead Sea shores. Its beauty lies in its warm which were excavated by the British springs. The canyons sediment on the top Museum. Remains from the cave date to creates a tunnel canyon. The walls of the the early Bronze Age (3300–2000 BC) and canyon are painted with natural colors an inscription in the cave mentions Lot from the minerals that the water contains. (Abraham’s nephew) by name.53

52. http://www.hsnes.org/news_item002.htm 53. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/lisan-peninsula/attractions/lot-s-cave/a/poi-sig/1105926/1332384

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 56 Wadi Mujib - Siq Trail - The trail starts Craft at the Adventures Center near the Mujib Gour al Safi - The Safi Crafts brand was Bridge taking the cantilevered walkway created in 1999, when a group of 14 women over the dam and following the course from the village began an embroidery and of the river between towering sandstone soil-dyeing project. Using native plants to cliffs to the base of a large waterfall. generate the dyes straight from earth, Safi Depending on seasonal rainfall levels, the Crafts produces unique contemporary gorge may contain pools deep enough designs. Each piece tells its own story, for swimming. reflected by the personal hardships and Culinary ambitions of each of the women of Gour Al Safi.54 Jameed Processing - Jameed is the key ingredient in Jordan’s traditional dish; Mujib Silver Making Workshop - Fine mansaf. It is made of strained goats milk handcrafted items, handmade by the and a special blend of spices. Jordan’s local women in Mujib. The fauna and the most famous Jameed is the Karak one. flora of the area have inspired all the designs.55 Agri-tourism and Engagement in Rural Society Mujib Sandblasting Workshop - Artisans sandblast artistic designs into lake stone Tomato picking and community and basalt. Visitors can choose from the experience in Gour Al Safi - Tomatoes many available designs, or customize are widely produced in Jordan and it is their order. one of the staple vegetables Jordanians consume daily. This experience engages with local women who produce and harvest tomatoes, in the Gour Safi region of Karak.

54. https://www.saficrafts.org/ 55. https://www.wildjordan.com/content/mujib-biosphere-reserve-0

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 57 ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES - karak

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 58 2.2.5 TAFILEH number of smaller houses. The Nabatean settlement was developed over the Natural Assets Byzantine and early Islamic times when the houses were built, and a small temple The Afra Hot Springs are not as well known became a church and then turned into a as those in Ma’in. The Afra Springs are stable. located 26 km north of Tafileh City. The medical benefits match those of Ma’in Hot Ruins of Sela - Sela was the capital of Springs. The water temperature reaches Edom, according to the Bible, situated in 45-48 degrees Celsius.56 the Great Rift Valley. Buildings are both forged in rock and made of stone and Dana Biosphere Reserve - The Dana were constructed during the times of the Biosphere Reserve is Jordan’s largest Nabateans and the Edomites biosphere reserve, covering some 320 square kilometers of spectacular Gharandal - Palaestina Salutaris mountains and Wadis along the face of corresponds with the current Gharandal the Great Rift Valley. It is home to a diversity in Tafileh. The city was probably founded of wildlife; a melting pot of species from by the Nabateans, and the city gained three continents: Europe, Africa and the third place of importance amongst Asia. Such a combination of natural provincial cities during Byzantine times. communities in a single area is unique In Gharandal one can find traces of the and many of Dana’s animals and plants Nabatean temple and fragmented relics are very rare. So far, a total of 700 plant of the Byzantine church species, 190 bird species, 37 mammal Bozrah (Buseira) Ruins - This species and 36 reptile species have been archaeological site covers an area of 8 recorded, of which 25 are known to be hectares. According to the Old Testament, endangered, including the Sand Cat, the this iron age settlement was the capital of Syrian Wolf, the Lesser Kestrel and the Edom. Evidence of early settlement from Spiny Tailed Lizard. Without special care, 9th Century BC was found. Two palaces some of these could disappear from Earth were discovered on the city acropolis. forever, which makes the Dana Biosphere The younger palace is typical of Assyrian Reserve a place of global importance.57 times as are the local red and black coloured ceramics which testify to the Cultural Activities Assyrian influence. Archaeological Sites58

Chirbat ed-Darih temple - The temple complex consists of public buildings and an oil press, a large palace as well as a

56. https://en.royanews.tv/news/13336/3-Natural-spots-in-Jordan-with-medicinal-healing-powers 57. https://www.wildjordan.com/destinations/dana-biosphere-reserve 58. Archaeology in Jordan - https://www.jstor.org/stable/507108

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 59 Adventure Activities Sunrise hike from Feynan Ecolodge - Start off a great day in the Hiking with this challenging sunrise hike. Depart from the lodge at dawn with one of our 59 Dana Biosphere Reserve local Bedouin guides to climb into the mountains just as Bedouin shepherds do Trail - This circular walk around with their goats each morning. This hike the Rummana campsite is a great place involves negotiating Bedouin shepherd to see birds, especially during migration trails atop the ridgelines of steep hills and seasons. The scenic viewpoints along the cliffs that surround the lodge – 2 hrs – 2 trail offer picturesque views of the Dana km. Mountains 1,5 km - 1 hour. Sunset hike - Every evening, guests are The Cave Trail - Starting at the Rummana invited to join the lodge’s guides on a campsite, this trail passes by the unusual 20-minute stroll to the top of a gentle sandstone formations of Shaq al Kalb outcrop to watch a sunset like no other. (Wadi of the Dog) to a group of small Against the dramatic backdrop of caves, believed to have been a religious rugged, multi-coloured mountains, the retreat or hermitage 1,5 km - 1,5 hours. sun descends, spreading vivid ambers, Rummana Mountain Trail -This circular violets and reds across the canvas of the trail starts from the campsite and ascends evening sky. Take this rare opportunity to to the top to Rummana Mountain, where witness the end of the day in the Bedouin the views of Wadi Araba are breathtaking. camps below. 1,5 km – 2 hours. Highlights on the trail include magnificent Wadi Dathneh Trail: Perfect for adventure sandstone and limestone formations, lovers who have no fear of heights, this trail birds of prey, and beautiful views of the descends through Wadi Dathneh, past an nature reserve - 2,5 km - 2 hours. oasis, and through Wadi al Hamra to the Dana Village Tour - Starting from the Dana Feynan area. Distance 19 km – 8-10 hours. Guesthouse, this trail winds above the Within the Dana Biosphere Reserve there Dana Village and through the terraced are more trails available including: White gardens and local craft workshops. Dome Trail; this trail contours the huge Visitors can meet the local residents, see escarpments of Wadi Dana between the original Ottoman architecture, and learn Rummana campsite and Dana Village. more about Dana’s rich history. 2 km – Passing through the terraced gardens of 1-1,5 hours. the village, the trail offers breathtaking Nawatef Trail - This circular trail begins views of the canyon-like Wadi Shaq Al from the Al-Barrah area and takes visitors Reesh Trail; This circular trail traverses to beautiful mountains, springs and from Al-Barrah, through a breathtaking ancient ruins in the Nawatef Area. 2 km - 2 siq, and to Shaq al Reesh. hours.

59. https://www.wildjordan.com/destinations/dana-biosphere-reserve

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 60 Feynan Plant Hike; Visitors can discover landscape. They can ride to Khirbet the hidden uses of the plants of the Dana Feynan, a Roman (and later Byzantine) Biosphere Reserve whilst learning how town destroyed by earthquakes where the the Bedouin use different plants as soap, remnants of early Byzantine churches still herbs, medicines and treatments for their stand. From there, they can journey on to animals. the Roman reservoir that supplied water to run a grinding mill. Portions of the mill Copper Mines; A chance to explore deep, are still clearly visible. Finally, follow tracks long-forgotten mine shafts and visit to a Neolithic village that dates back over nearby sites to see how the copper was 11,000 years and illustrates the shift from transported and refined, leaving vast slag nomadic way of life to a settled life of formations from the smelting process permanent dwellings and agriculture. that are still visible today. Other hikes included: Archaeological Treasures, Wadi Village Tour - This tour allows the visitor Dana Sampler, Wadi Ghwayr sampler and to explore the local villages, passing by Rock Rose Trail. archaeological treasures on the way through both on-road and off-track The Rift Valley Mountain Trek (RVMT) is the routes. Off-road tracks lead through first long-distance discovery hiking route Bedouin communities to the two nearby in Jordan, linking Dana Biosphere Reserve villages, where one can weave in and out and Feynan lodge with Petra through the of the narrow roads and gain an authentic Shobak heights. Extending approximately sense of the daily activities and life of the 100km from Dana old village to little villagers. Petra, the altitude varies from one section to another, starting from 1,300m Copper Mines Tour - This guided off- to 320m above sea level and reaching road tour offers the chance to examine again to 1665 m above sea level at the some of the oldest copper mines in the halfway point. While crossing mountains world. Discover how copper was mined, and plateaus, visitors can explore the transported and smelted. Descend deep magnificent landscape with its breath- into thousand year old mine shafts taking geological forms and enjoy the that have provided copper to many awe-inspiring Rift Valley viewpoints. civilizations over the millennia. Interacting with the local population during this spectacular crossing, visitors Canyoning /Wet Canyoning / Climbing have the phenomenal experience of Wadi al Hasa - The canyon runs for camping in real goat hair Bedouin tents. some 24km and would need to be paced This is a 4 – 6 days trek. over two days. There is a good spot Cycling/Mountain Biking for bivouacking about 10km in, but all necessary materials must be carried. The Dana/Feynan cycling trails:55 trail is easily divided into two: the upper reaches are in a gorge, often narrow and Archaeological treasures - Visitors with ample water. No ropes are necessary, can uncover the remarkable history of but wetsuits definitely are. The lower Feynan through the many archaeological reaches are a much easier and pleasant treasures that dot the surrounding walk alongside or sometimes even in

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 61 a stream and among bushes, palm Local Cooking Class at Feynan Ecolodge trees and often hanging gardens. Wadi - Offering visitors the opportunity to take al Hasa’s rich nature and biodiversity a little bit of Feynan home to their kitchen. provides a magnificent trek for nature Local chefs assist visitors in making a and adventure enthusiasts alike. vegetarian lunch of Jordanian popular dishes, offering them a chance to enjoy a Wadi Ghweir - This trail stretches along feast of their own creation. the gravel river bed of the Wadi, alongside a flowing stream, to the entrance to Wadi Dana fruit-drying workshop - The sun- Ghweir. Very similar to the famous Siq in drenched terraces of Dana village provide Petra, the trail leads through magnificent a perfect place for growing fruits. The sceneries of different stone formations women of the village harvest the fruits by and many unique plants and trees on hand and lay them out in the sun to dry. both sides of the river. The scenery is so Afterwards, they are tuned into delicious breathtaking it has been known to cause sun-dried fruit products that make perfect visitors to forget about everything else - snacks for all.55 including how long they have been hiking. Craft Photography/ Wildlife Viewing Making kohl in Dana Biosphere Reserve A Dana Biosphere Reserve55 - Spotting local Bedouin shows visitors the process wildlife is an exciting activity for nature of making Kohl, the Bedouin eye makeup lovers, and Jordan is home to some of that is believed to strengthen eyesight, the most endangered and rare wildlife in protect against eye ailment in addition the Middle East. Such as the magnificent to its cosmetic and aesthetic uses. They Arabian Oryx, a species that was once will be taken through the process from the on the verge of extinction. In addition to burning of cotton and olive oil under the ostriches, onagers and graceful desert Saj, to collecting the Kohl and applying it.55 gazelles. The Dana Biosphere Reserve is home to a diversity of wildlife; a melting Weaving goat - haired tents in Dana pot of species from three continents: Biosphere Reserve - A chance to learn the Europe, Africa and Asia. full process of making a tent from goat hair; from the beating of the hair through Culinary to the weaving process. This is a seasonal activity for local families, normally done in Baking earthy “Arbood” bread in Feynan early summer.55 Ecolodge - Arbood is the staple food a Bedouin would have for lunch while Dana Jewelry Making Workshop - Fine shepherding his/her herd of goats in the handcrafted copper, silver and bronze wilderness. A local Bedouin walks visitors jewelry handmade by the local women in through how to bake Bedouin bread from Dana. All the designs have been inspired only flour, salt and water kneaded and by the flora and fauna of the area.55 baked in ash.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 62 Feynan Candle Making Workshop - a day with a local shepherd grazing the Candles that incorporate nature whether family’s goats in the wilderness of Feynan. a flower, green vine, or a slice of orange, the design elements come from the earth. Storytelling in Rummana Campsite - The candles are produced in a nature Bedouins have an ancient oral tradition friendly manner as well.55 of storytelling that exists to this day. At Rummana Campsite in Dana Biosphere Feynan Leather Workshop - Candle Reserve, local Bedouins keep this tradition lanterns, nature boxes, and other alive and entertain guests around the attractive gifts crafted out of goat leather, campfire with stories that allow a glimpse handmade by the Bedouin women of into Bedouin local culture and traditions.55 Feynan. These natural cured goatskin products have helped to reduce the Stargazing damage caused by grazing, by making Feynan Ecolodge - After night has fallen each goat worth more to Bedouin herders, and the valley has settled into quiet, effectively reducing livestock without guests can ascend candle lit stairs to a harming the Bedouins’ livelihood.55 rooftop terrace laden with mattresses Engagement in Rural Society where they can stretch out and sip hot tea as they gaze upwards at the Milky Bedouin Experiences in Feynan Ecolodge Way in its uninhibited glory. With no other Dana - Feynan cradles an authentic sources of light, the sky becomes a vast Bedouin lifestyle that is becoming rare dome of black velvet lit only by thousands to find in Jordan today. These interactive of twinkling stars and planets with experiences offer guests unique insight occasional shooting stars burning their into the lives of one of the last remaining tails into the night sky. They can even test Bedouin communities in Jordan. Guests out a powerful 10-inch Mead telescope can join a local Bedouin family in their to get incredible views of Saturn’s ring, or goat-hair tented home and learn about Jupiter’s moons. With the help of guides their rich culture and daily activities. to navigate them through the dark skies They will have the rare opportunity to as their Bedouin fathers once used the experience native Bedouin daily life, learn stars to navigate through the deserts.60 about their daily activities, traditions and way of life and learn about the sustainable lifestyle of traditional Bedouin tribes. By visiting different families in their goat-hair tents, guests will get the chance to come close to the locals and learn about their rich culture.55

Day with a shepherd in Feynan Ecolodge Dana - One of the best ways to get to know the local culture of the area is to spend

60. https://ecohotels.me/en/feynan/activities

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 63 ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES - tafileh

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 64 2.2.6 AQABA be expected in such a dry region. There are also a number of springs at the foot Natural Assets of the escarpment which make for a pleasant natural landscape and assist in Aqaba Marine Park – One of the main maintaining the biodiversity.63 attractions in Aqaba is the pristine coral reef, which is all part of the well-protected Cultural Activities Marine Park. The coral reef is a crucial habitat for various fish and aquatic Archaeological site organisms. Jordanian waters are home to Aqaba Fort - The fort was built between more than 450 species of fish, and more 1510 and 1517, as attested by the Arabic than 127 types of coral formation. Within inscriptions inside the monumental the shallow waters of 0.5m to 40m, there gateway, and was used as a khan are different types of seagrass, which are (travelers’ ) for pilgrims on their way to a vital environment for fish.61 Mecca. The Ottomans occupied the castle Wadi Rum Protected Area - Wadi Rum until WWI when, in 1917, the fortress was Protected Area is one of the world’s most substantially destroyed by shelling from outstanding desert landscapes, covering the British Royal Navy. The Hashemite 720 square kilometers of dramatic desert coat of arms above the main entrance wilderness in the south of Jordan. Its huge commemorates the Arab Revolt that 64 mountains and broad sandy wadis are swept through Aqaba, ousting the Turks. home to several Bedouin tribes and a Mamluk Fort – Aqaba is home to the surprising range of desert wildlife. This Mamluk Fort, which was frequented by wildlife now includes a herd of Arabian pilgrims on their way to Mecca. The fort Oryx, reintroduced by RSCN in 2002. The features various inscriptions inscribed breathtaking scenery of Wadi Rum has during the latter period of the Islamic made it one of the most popular tourist dynasty. sites in the Kingdom.62 Islamic Ayla - The early Islamic city of Ayla Wadi Araba - The Wadi Araba is a valley is the Red Sea’s oldest port and a major that stretches 190km in length between archaeological site in Islamic history. Aqaba and the Dead Sea, forming part of The site is still under excavations aiming the Great Rift System. A high proportion to discover whether part of the city is of stormwaters and run-off from eastern now under water, and if it is, to protect it slopes (mostly bare rock) discharge and promote it as a tourist and cultural into Wadi Araba. Thus the vegetation heritage site.65 in the valley is much denser than would

61. https://aqaba.jo/pages/Details/Attraction?AttractionID=11 62. https://www.rscn.org.jo/content/wadi-rum-protected-area 63. http://publication.doa.gov.jo/Publications/ViewChapterPublic/123 64. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/petra-and-the-south/aqaba/attractions/ 65. https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/underwater-search-planned-clues-early-islamic-city-ayla

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 65 Historic Buildings wet and watch the aquatic life inside the Red Sea Sharif Hussein Bin Ali House - This house is where the great grandfather of His Majesty Aqaba Underwater Military Museum - The King Abdullah II resided for six months after world’s first underwater military museum. World War I. The house was built in the style Boasting a total of 19 pieces of hardware of Hijaz houses. Tourists are welcome to all in “battle formation” including tanks of visit and discover the history and legacy different sizes, an ambulance, a military of the triumphs achieved during the Great crane, a troop carrier, anti aircraft guns Arab Revolution. It displays a collection of and a combat helicopter. 63 rifles, copper and silver bowls, coffee pots and mills, Mansaf trays (to display Religious Sites Jordan’s traditional mutton and rice dish) Ayla Ancient Church - Down by the old and other typical items of the period.66 port in the ancient city of Ayla, the remains of this ancient mud-brick complex Museums represent the oldest purpose-built church Aqaba Archaeological Museum - Housed in the world. The foundations date back to in the Residence of the Sherif Hussein bin the late 3rd or early 4th century, and the ‘Ali, the leader of the Great Arab Revolt. church was probably in use for about a The museum is home to collections from century before an earthquake devastated the Islamic site of Ayla, with items dating the region. Layers of sand have helped back to the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, preserve the walls, some of which are and Fatimid periods.67 more than two meters high.69

Marine Science Station - The Marine Sharif Hussein bin Ali Mosque - The Science Station (MSS) was founded in the mosque was named after Hussein bin mid 1970s as an inter-university research Ali who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca institute (the University of Jordan and from 1908 until 1917. Known as the initiator Yarmouk University). It was created to of the Arab Revolt. With its pristine white serve as a marine research facility for structure, intricate glass windows and scientists and post graduate students, soaring minarets, Al Hussein Bin Ali mosque especially scientists coming from abroad, is a beacon of Islamic architecture and who are interested in studying the a moving sight among the hustle and tropical-subtropical marine ecosystem.68 bustle of city life. It also boasts the largest dome among Jordan’s mosques and is Aqaba Aquarium - As part of the Marine considered a main mosque for Aqaba’s Science Station Complex, the Aquarium 63 citizens. offers a chance to dive without getting

66. https://aqaba.jo/Pages/Details/Attraction/3/Al_Sharif_Hussein_Bin_Ali_House 67. http://international.visitjordan.com/Wheretogo/Aqaba.aspx?tabId=141#at 68. http://aqaba.ju.edu.jo/Lists/AtAQUJ/DispForm.aspx?ID=1 69. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/petra-and-the-south/aqaba/attractions/ancient-church-at-ayla/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 66 UNESCO World Heritage Jabal Umm Ad Dami Ascent - This route scales Jabal Umm Ad Dami (1832m), Wadi Rum Protected Area - Wadi Rum Jordan’s highest peak on the rarely is a mixed natural and cultural UNESCO visited southern border with Saudi Arabia. World Heritage Site. It is situated in the It starts at Wadi Saabet, a 45-minute 4WD south of Jordan and is a 74000-hectare trip from the visitor centre. It should take property. The site shows the evolution of about two hours return and is moderately agricultural, pastoral and urban activity difficult. A guide is needed. in the region over the past 12000 years of human occupation. More than 20,000 Climbing/Mountaineering rock carvings and inscriptions trace the evolution of rational thought as well as Wadi Rum - Wadi Rum offers some the early development of the alphabet.70 challenging rock climbing (up to Grade 8 in the French Climbing Scale ). Although Note; Marine conservationists are the Bedouin have been climbing in the currently rallying support to list the coral area for centuries, climbing as a modern reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba as a UNESCO sport is still relatively undeveloped. world heritage site. Guides often suggest Jebel Rum for less experienced climbers: minimal gear is Adventure Activities needed and it’s close to the Rest House. Another popular climbing location is Hiking Jebel Barrah. 33

Wadi Rum Hiking Trails Bird Watching Makharas Canyon Hike - This worthwhile Aqaba Bird Observatory - Aqaba is canyon hike includes open vistas, canyon home to a bird observatory where you hiking and grand dune views. It begins can get up close and personal with some at the visitor centre. It’s a moderate, of the 390 species of birds which reside in unguided hike that should take about 2½ Jordan, or use it as an annual migratory hours return. stop. Because of its location, it receives Jebel Rum Round Trip - This route offers flocks of birds coming from Europe, Asia stunning ‘big country’ scenery and begins and Africa every migration season. The at Rum village. Pass Lawrence’s Spring flocks fly towards the observatory, which and Ain Abu Aineh and circumambulate consists of an exceptional diversity of the southern half of Jebel Rum. It’s a habitats critical for attracting birds; strenuous hike that will take about eight shallow and deep waters, herbal plants, hours; a guide is recommended. trees and green surfaces. These habitats integrate with each other to form a vibrant bird hub, especially for the waders.

70. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1377 71. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/wadi-rum/in-location/activities 72. https://aqaba.jo/Pages/Details/Attraction/1/Aqaba_Bird_Observatory

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 67 Horseback Riding the world’s best diving and snorkeling is packed along the 20km or so of coastline Wadi Rum - An alternative and memorable between Aqaba and the Saudi border. mode of four-legged through With the reef shelving gently directly Wadi Rum and surrounding areas is by from the beach, cutting out the need horse. These trips are for people who for boat entries. Beginners can go down have riding experience – novices should accompanied by an instructor at any of not underestimate the challenge of the many sites. riding high-spirited Arab horses in open country.33 Cedar Pride Dive Site in Aqaba - The Cedar Pride was scuttled for divers on Camel Trekking November 16th 1985. The ship now lies on her port side across two reefs; the soft Wadi Rum - Travelling around Wadi coral growth on the masts is fantastic. Rum by camel is highly recommended. Those with experience can explore its Apart from being ecologically sound, it interior. enables guests to experience Wadi Rum as the Bedouin have for centuries and Japanese Garden Dive Site in Aqaba - to appreciate the silent gravitas of the This dive site has amazing flora and fauna 33 desert. and all at shallow depths! It’s very popular with snorkelers and is known as one of the 4X4 Explration prettiest areas in Aqaba. It is a good dive Wadi Rum - The easiest way to see the for all, as it has Hawksbill Turtles, shoaling largest number of sights in the least Barracuda, shoals of sergeant majors and amount of time is to arrange a 4WD fusiliers plus wonderful coral formations. trip. This is easily done on arrival at the C-130 Dive Site in Aqaba - The Marine office at the visitor centre.33 Park’s latest attraction was scuttled on Quad Biking 16th of November 2017 and has already become the divers’ favorite. The aircraft’s Wadi Rum - Some of the accommodations final resting place lies close to several in Wadi Rum rent out quad bikes (ATVs), popular dive sites. along with of possible routes in the dry mudflats north of the camp and outside the Wadi Rum Protected Area.

Snorkeling and Scuba Diving73

Snorkeling in Aqaba - For both first time and seasoned snorkelers Aqaba is an instantly attractive destination. Some of

73. http://international.visitjordan.com/Wheretogo/Aqaba.aspx?tabId=141&experienceId=2#at

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 68 SUP a hobby and is used for decoration, most commonly in jewelry. Sea glass can be Aqaba - The SUP (stand up paddleboard) found here in Aqaba, where it is collected is a great sport when there is little wind to craft unique pieces of jewelry. and waves as tends to be the case in Aqaba . There are a lot of corals and sea Henna and Kohl Drawings - Henna has life to see. It’s easy to learn and it’s great been used and known since ancient times, for people of all ages. and it has a special role in many cultures. Henna is widely used in cosmetics, thanks 74 Aerosports to its ability to dye hair and skin with a long-lasting pigment. Kohl is considered Hot Air Balloon in Wadi Rum - Run by the one of the oldest types of cosmetics, Royal Aero Sports Club visitors can take a and it was used by a number of ancient bird’s eye view of the beautiful scenery of cultures to emphasize the beauty of the the majestic mountains in Wadi Rum by eyes of both men and women. climbing into a hot air balloon. Colorful Dot Art - This type of decorative Microlight in Wadi Rum - RASCJ allows art entered Arab culture recently and is visitors to return to the roots of aviation similar to with the microlight; a small and versatile open aircraft. They can fly above the stippling or pointillism. Colorful patterns beautiful rock formations of Wadi Rum or images are created by placing small with an experienced pilot. dots or points of color together, rather than using solid lines or brush strokes. Craft 75 This technique can be used to decorate Bottled Sand Art in Aqaba - This art books, stones, or home furniture. practice is one of the oldest in the world. Philography Islamic Ottoman Art - The first to discover it were the Nabataeans Philography is an old Islamic Ottoman art after their invention of the hourglass. The moved from Turkey to Jordan through the city of Aqaba is home to this unique art, Ottoman era in the region. The Ottomans and since the early 1930s it has housed left behind many of the types of the dozens of shops for visitors to purchase arts that their descendants still seek to the colorful creation, or even make their preserve from extinction and keep for own. generations after generation. Guided Sea Glass Jewelry Making in Aqaba - by a local artisan, tourists will have the Sea glass is a physically and chemically chance to revive this tradition and create weathered glass found on beaches along a colorful Philography product. bodies of saltwater. These weathering processes produce natural frosted glass. “Genuine sea glass” can be collected as

74. http://www.rascj.com/ 75. http://www.aqabawi.com/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 69 Mosaic Art - Mosaics have a long history, Date Molasses Making in Aqaba - Date starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd molasses is another term for date syrup, millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were which is frequently called molasses since made in Tiryns in Mycenaean Greece; it has the dark color and thick consistency mosaics with patterns and pictures of sugar molasses. It is frequently used became widespread in classical times, as a sweetener in Middle Eastern recipes. both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Visitors join a local chef to prepare the Learn how to stack and set up the mosaic date molasses from beginning to end, stones together, guided by a local mosaic then enjoy the treat alongside some artist, to compose and finish a piece of art. herbal tea.

Eco-tourism71 Aqabawi cookie baking - Arabic holiday cookies are one of the most important Snorkeling for a Clean Sea - The Aqaba recipes in all of the countries of the Arab coastline is 27 km long and characterized world. There is barely a celebration of by beautiful beaches that host many the holidays without fresh local cookies. different touristic activities. Unfortunately, Some of these treats are made with flour, many of these activities expose the sea and others with semolina, while the filling and marine life to the dangers of pollution. may vary between dates, cinnamon, and The Snorkeling for a Clean Sea experience chopped pistachios. A local chef will guide involves swimming with colored fish and and lead the process of making the local exploring the waters of the Red Sea, all cookies for the participants step by step. while protecting this environment and its inhabitants by picking up waste that has Sesame bars with honey & roasting dates accumulated among the coral reefs. cores coffee in Aqaba - Sesame bars are one of the easiest ancient Arabic recipes, 71 Culinary and one that is still eaten by all over the world. The seeds of the coffee berry, Local Cooking in Aqaba - Guided by a also known as coffee beans, contain local chef, visitors can learn how to make high levels of nutrients and antioxidants. Sayadia and Bokhar; two of the most Arab cultures were the first to roast these famous local food dishes in Aqaba and seeds and use them to make a warm, are made up of many different spices. caffeinated beverage. Today, Bedouin The people of Aqaba typically make these tribes still have their own methods for dishes on official occasions and events. roasting coffee beans, producing a Hooh Sweets Making in Aqaba - Aqaba’s coffee drink with a distinctive taste. With traditional sweet dish, called Hooh, guidance from a local chef participants consists of several layers of dough will learn to make Arab Sesame bars that interspersed with nuts, butter, honey, are served in many local events and how condensed milk, molasses, and cream. to roast the Bedouin coffee like a Bedouin. Guided by a local chef, tourists will learn how to make this creamy dessert.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 70 Stargazing Spend a day with an Aqabawi - The locals are a unique mixture of Hijazi, Bedouin, Wadi Rum - Wadi Rum is a beautiful and Egyptian and Levantine blood. As a masterpiece of nature. At night in the people they are known for their extreme desert, far away from civilization, visitors chivalry and hospitality. Aqabawis would will witness millions of stars shining in a be pleased to share a story or two over dark velvet sky. Informative star gazing 78 some coffee. activity can be arranged through desert camps.76

Agri-tourism and Engagement in Rural Society

Spend a day with a Bedouin in Wadi Rum - The Bedouin have inhabited Wadi Rum for thousands of years, their lifestyle perfectly adapted to the semi-arid environment. Bedouin life has always been about surviving in the desert. While being in Wadi Rum visitors can experience Bedouin life themselves. They will learn about Bedouins way of life and culture. Bake Arbood or Shrak Bread with the locals, rub their palms with Ajram-the Bedouin soap, wear Kohl to protect their eyes against sand and sun or try the Henna, taste the spicy tingle of a Bedouin’s coffee and spend a night in an authentic goat-hair Bedouin tent.77

76. https://www.aqaba.jo/Pages/Details/ThingsToDo/115/Star_Gazing 77. https://www.aqaba.jo/Pages/Details/ThingsToDo/83/Spend_a_Day_with_a_Bedouin 78. https://www.aqaba.jo/Pages/Details/ThingsToDo/39/Spend_a_Day_with_an_Aqbawi

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 71 ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES - AQABA

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 72 3. Adventure Tourism Ecosystem 3.1 Infrastructure and Mobility 3.1.1Arriving in Jordan

For most of the international travelers, Other options include arriving by cruise arrival into Jordan will be by air into ship to Aqaba or by land West Bank Syria Amman or Aqaba. and the Gulf.

infrastructure & mobility jordan

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 74 A one-month tourist visa for 40 Jordanian arranged via tour operators for individual Dinar can be purchased upon arrival and group travelers using specialized depending on whether the nationality tourism transport. requires a visa. The Visit Jordan website Airport Express Busses gives more details. (http://international. visitjordan.com/) Royal Jordanian Airlines provide bus services to Amman from 6.00 a.m. until There is also the option of the Jordan midnight each day. The journey itself pass which provides free entry to over 40 takes between 45 and 60 minutes.79 attractions in Jordan, free downloadable digital brochures, and waives tourist entry Amman Airport Taxi visa fees if purchased before arrival to Jordan for a stay of a minimum of three Airport taxi service is also available from nights (4 days). It is valid for use within 12 Queen Alia International Airport . These months following the date of purchase fares are fixed and are available 24 but it will automatically expire after 2 hours a day. The cost of a taxi ride to a weeks of the first time it is scanned in hotel in Amman city centre is around $30, the first touristic attraction. It comes in 3 and taxis can be taken to any other city categories, Jordan Wanderer (1 day visit in Jordan. Prices are displayed on taxi to Petra), Explorer (2 day visit to Petra) boards at the airport. and Expert (3 day visit to Petra). Local Busses

Arriving by Air Amman operates local that run between the city centre and the airport. Queen Alia International Airport The buses are cheap but are not as International travelers commonly arrive reliable as the airport busses because into Queen Alia International Airport. they wait for the buses to become full An optional way to get from Queen Alia before departing. International Airport to Amman is by Car Rental shuttles which are operated by Royal

Jordanian, linking the airport to its city There are many car rental companies terminal in Amman at a very small cost. based in Amman offering a wide choice. Airport Taxi is also readily available and Visitors should expect to pay around 25- can take passengers to any location 30JD (35-40 USD) per day for a new model in Jordan. Rental cars offices are also with air conditioning and insurance. readily available at the airport terminal Visitors to Amman Queen Alia Airport can for immediate or advance renting. Private book a car via the website. transportation from the airport is also

79. Transportation to/from Amman Airport – Royal Jordanian

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 75 Air Taxi Arriving by Land

The Golden Eagle Aviation Academy also Jordan is accessible by Land to bordering offers Air Taxi services, which is based out countries such as Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia of Amman but can cover destinations and Israel/ West Bank. upon request. Syria - Tourists coming in from Syria can King Hussein Airport cross in at Jaber or Ramtha crossing. Both of which are open 24/7 throughout the There has been a recent influx of flights year. Jaber is 80km away from Amman arriving into King Hussein Airport in and is most commonly used by visitors, Aqaba. King Hussein Airport is located just while Ramtha is 90km away and is mainly 9.7 kilometers from Aqaba city center and for cargo. the journey into Aqaba takes just under 15 minutes by car. Iraq - Visitors can travel to Jordan by road from Iraq through Al-Karamah Border Aqaba Airport Shuttle Crossing, which is 331km away from Airport shuttles from Aqaba Airport to Amman and is open 24/7 throughout the Aqaba City Center Hotels including hotel year. pickup/dropoff these shuttles offer the West Bank/ Israel - There are three border best value way to get to and from Aqaba crossings between Israel/West Bank and Airport with door-to-door service to Jordan. Aqaba. More information can be found at Jordan Shuttle. • The Allenby/King Hussein Bridge, 57km away from Amman, is located in the Taxi southern Jordan Valley.

A taxi from the airport to Aqaba City • Sheikh Hussein crossing /Northern Center can be found outside the airport. Border is 90km away from Amman. It is located in the north, close to Lake Car Rental Tiberias (Sea of Galilee).

Car rental in Jordan is one of the most • Wadi Araba Crossing/South Border, convenient ways to explore this country located in the south, 324km away from and all it has to offer. Visitors can collect Amman, connecting the two Red Sea their pre-arranged car rental from Aqaba of and Aqaba. Airport.80 Saudi Arabia - There are three border crossings with Saudi Arabia from the east.

• Al-Omari Border Crossing 155km away from Amman and open 24/7 throughout the year.

80. https://www.touristjordan.com/aqaba-airport-guide/

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 76 • Mudawara Border Crossing 322km Mobility through adventure away from Amman and open 24/7 throughout the year. travel activities

• Durra Border Crossing, located in Within the pilot areas, there are various southern Jordan , 349km away from options for modes of transportation Amman and open 24/7 throughout the through adventure activities. Naturally, year. the activity of hiking can get you all the places described in principle, which would Arriving by Cruise Ship naturally be very time-consuming. The infrastructure for hiking is both on hard Upon arrival at Aqaba port, cruise ship surfaces and trails and paths. However, passengers are granted the visa-free all areas are connected in principle of charge unless their nationality is across the wadis, the hills, and the land in restricted. In this case, they have to obtain between. As highlighted, the Jordan Trail a visa in advance. traverses Jordan from north to south and connects all the pilot areas on the way, 3.1.2 Getting Around thus being the main vein for hikers to link Transportation areas and locations along their way. The Jordan Bike Trail also spans the length Cars are available through rental agents of the Kingdom and therefore, in principle, and tour operators. Taking a taxi or an this activity could be used to get from one Uber car are also options for getting place to another within and between the around. Motorbikes too would use the pilot areas. same roads as the cars, noting that off- road motorbikes could also use off-road Camels are ‘the ships of the desert’ and tracks if permitted in the relevant area. are an excellent means of transportation within the vast Wadi Rum protected area, There is no public bus service that but 4x4 is also a popular choice to cut connects all the areas in the pilot area. In across the sand dunes and between the some parts of the pilot areas, there may majestic limestone cliffs. Horse riding be a limited bus service. This is mainly for also is a good choice for exploring Wadi the local population in order to have some Rum. There is also the option of moving mobility within their city. There are very few location by hot air balloon or by microlight linkages or connections in terms of public or indeed by motorised desert buggies. In transportation serving the pilot areas. addition to the newly established air taxis. There is no railway network, nor a The pilot areas all have paved roads principal river or sea to sail across to link that run through them to a greater or areas. The Dead Sea is not suitable for lesser extent. A principal road connects boats, and therefore it cannot be used Umm Qais in the North to Aqaba in the for transportation purposes whether by South and runs along the full length of vessel or by swimming. the Jordan Valley. From this main road,

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 77 which is by no means a motorway, there For the climb up from the valley, a 4x4 is are regular turns offs that allow for access preferred but not strictly necessary if the to the tops of the mountains that rise up roads are followed. For off-road tracks, a from the valley. Steep and windy roads 4x4 is needed. take travelers to the main cities perched Single or twin-engine aircraft or on the mountain range overlooking the helicopters are potential options for rift valley. Those cities and smaller villages transportation in certain cases depending to the south are connected by the King’s on the destination and the terrain. They Highway. This ancient trade route was of are highly expensive and may need significant importance, not only for trade licenses and other formal procedures to but also for Christian pilgrims making their be in place. way to Mount Nebo as well as Muslims on their way to Hajj. Hence travelers can Note: Jordan is not at all easily accessible tread in these historic footsteps. for people with physical disabilities of any kind. Therefore, from an accessibility Today the modern routes that mirror and mobility perspective, Jordan is not the ancient routes are Highway 35 and well equipped to accommodate visitors . with impairments, especially in the often The pilot areas can all be explored well by challenging terrain of the pilot areas. car too in order to reach one’s destination.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 78 3.2 Service offered to visitors

For adventure travellers wishing to come relevant services from accommodations, to Jordan, there are extensive services transportation and gastronomic in place. From the planning stages, experiences are on offer. during the trip, and post-trip stages,

Tourism services - jordan

During the pre-travel stages, travelers communication. have access to online information, user- Inbound and outbound transportation generated content on the destination and is mainly through the two main airports, can be informed and advised whether Queen Alia International airport in online, in person or via a travel agent or

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 79 Amman and King Hussein International airport in Aqaba. A wide variety of 3.3 Destination transportation services are available Management and including bus transportation, private Marketing Entities car rental, chauffeur driven cars, Über-, The official Destination Marketing Careem and taxi services. A wide choice Organisation is the Jordan Tourism Board in accommodation can be accessed, (JTB). Officially established in 1997, the JTB including 1- 5-star hotels, apartments, is a partnership between the public and AirBnB, camping and options private sector. JTB creates and executes as well as home-stays. Travelers have marketing strategies and promotes the choice of a wide array of activities Jordan across the globe, with a focus on and experiences as well as cultural specific relevant markets. JTB represents attractions. , bars and culinary Jordan through trade fairs, exhibitions, experiences can be enjoyed widely, with a workshops, PR, educational trips, online broad spectrum of both Jordanian, Levant promotion and advertising, social media and international food on offer. and through other marketing and distribution channels. Travelers are able to enjoy festivals and shopping experiences, including The Aqaba Special Economic Zone handicraft shopping and workshops. Authority (ASEZA) is a partial DMO Travelers have easy access to financial focusing on developing and promoting services, including banks and ATMs Aqaba and Wadi Rum tourism products, as part of the Golden Tourism Triangle, during their stay. Inbound operators, which encompasses Aqaba, Wadi Rum travel agents, hotel concierge, booking and Petra. platforms, airlines and OTAs all offer programmes to facilitate securing While the Petra Development and Tourism business from the traveller and optimising Regional Authority (PDTRA) is responsible their experience whilst in Jordan. Not all for development, management and operators, however, focus on or specialise marketing of the Petra Archaeological in adventure travel. There is a growing park and its surroundings. number of providers that are stepping The Salt Development Corporation (SDC) into the adventure tourism space along is a pilot DMO which was set up to market with other well-established travel tourism As-Salt, and support this potential tourism product providers. city, which won Jordan’s first “Distinctive Destinations Award” in 2018 launched by Post-trip there are surveys, follow up MOTA. SDC aims to ensure the quality of communication, social media groups, tourism activities and to develop both and other types of tools and means domestic and to complete the value cycle from the sustainably. SDC also works in close inception of the trip to returning back 81 cooperation with both JTB and MOTA. from Jordan.

81. http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jica-supporting-eco-museum-salt-showcase-daily-life-traditions

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 80 3.4 Stakeholders and tour operators involved in Adventure Tourism

There are just several tour operators programs for several years now and have in Jordan that can be considered as connections with specialized adventure adventure specialized, however the operators in Europe and the US. There majority of those who offer adventure remains plenty of room for adventure related programs, also have other specialization by tour operators and more streams, and adventure makes up just capacity building is required to bring more one part of their operation. Most of those sector players into adventure tourism. who work in adventure have been offering

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 81 4. Conclusion Jordan is a country of great beauty and qualified or certified. There is no tailored biodiversity, and has great potential to certification for adventure tourism develop adventure tourism. The country guides either, nor one for community- was ranked 48th safest country globally based guides. The operating licenses for by Global Finance Magazine and 6th adventure tourism groups required by among Arab nations. Jordanians are tour operators are quite complicated, and known for their hospitality and have a rich are spread among several government history in receiving visitors from different entities thus reducing efficiency and cultures and backgrounds. The climate increasing frustration of the operators. is an asset, as it typically features dry, Administrative challenges have been bright weather, without humidity. With a raised as one of the most crippling factors rich tourism past, there are experienced from an operator’s perspective. suppliers of great repute, including RSCN, The business enabling environment that The Jordan Trail, The Jordan Bike Trail and supports investors and business owners various private sector operators. from both the private and public sectors is In recent years air access has improved not adequate. Cumbersome procedures significantly with the arrival of additional and lack of investments negatively flights, including Low Cost Carriers. impact the ability to develop and upgrade Although the impact of COVID-19 has adventure tourism products. paralyzed access for tourists, the hope Community engagement is of great is that when the tourism activity picks up importance in the quest to develop again, that the flights will follow suit. adventure travel tourism. More work Despite the strengths Jordan has as is needed to optimize integration of a tourism destination, there remain host communities in areas where the certain factors that hinder effective adventure tourism product may be development of Jordan as an adventure developed or where it exists, to be tourism destination. A weak regulatory upgraded. On the topic of adventure framework, and insufficient enforcement tourism product development, there of set standards due to the involvement of is no cohesive investment map for multiple bodies leaves fault in the system (adventure) tourism in Jordan. Multiple and will probably affect the sector’s governing bodies related to the tourism future development. Therefore, a greater sector including vocational training and in-depth study is needed of the legal , investment and regulatory ecosystem as it pertains to adventure bodies are fragmented and work in SILOs. tourism as is evident from the preliminary There is no data collection system and findings in this report. (adventure) tourism strategy as a result, cannot be informed by reliable data. While there are a good number of private sector operators who are able to offer high Apart from administrative weaknesses, quality adventure tourism services and there are additional factors that require experiences, they may not be formally significant focus and resolution in order

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 83 to further progress the adventure tourism One of the external threats to the product. The country suffers from the development of Jordan’s adventure results of littering, and even though the tourism sector is the COVID-19 induced government is raising awareness to economic decline. With the anticipated combat littering, by arranging clean up ongoing repercussions resulting from crusades, go green campaigns have the ongoing Covid-19 onslaught on seen little if any long-lasting results. A global economies in general and the paradigm shift is needed in this regard adventure tourism sector in particular, through the enforcement of anti-littering levels of adventure tourism are likely to laws and regulations and school activities be hampered over the foreseeable future. to educate the new generations on the Having said that, and if other factors can importance of natural assets and their be addressed, the adventure traveler is protection. likely one of the first to return to travel, and Jordan has the potential to work towards Within the RSCN’s protected areas, placing itself amongst new top ranked rangers manage littering effectively, in adventure tourism destinations in the a controlled and informed environment. region as well as the world. However, in unprotected areas, littering is rife. Furthermore, adherence to the set standards for safety and hygiene needs to be enforced to enhance service quality amongst host communities. In the post- COVID-19 period, travelers will attribute significant importance to health, hygiene and cleanliness in all aspects, and therefore it is essential that private sector as well as public sector entities approach all protocols with utmost seriousness.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 84 INTERNAL FACTORS

• Lack of regulatory framework, enforcement and standards

• Natural assets and diversity • Lack of business enabling environment • Safe and secure within region of turmoil • Lack of qualified / certified adventure tourism providers • Renowned hospitality • Lack of Foreign / Local Direct Investment • Increased air access (pre COVID-19) • Lack of cleanliness and hygiene • Strong tourism history and suppliers • Lack of community engagement STRENGTHS

• Key stakeholders with extensive adventure W E A KNESSES tourism experience including RSCN, • Lack of resilience and government support JREDS, the Jordan Trail • Fragmented procedures and disconnected bodies • Lack of data collection informing strategy D ET R IME N T A L t o ach ievi ng h e goa l

EXTERNAL FACTORS

• Capitalize on global growth trend in • Global economic depression • adventure tourism • Prolonged COVID-19 impact on (adventure) tourism sector • Collaborate with MEDUSA Southern Med Partners • Decreased air access in the foreseeable future • Adopt best practices from experienced • Strong regional competition in adventure tourism (KSA, Oman, UAE...etc.)

countries THRE A TS • Position Jordan as a new adventure • Jordan is considered an expensive (adventure) OPPORTUNITIES tourism destination with outdoor and tourism destination sparsely populated experiences • Regional political situation D ET R IME N T A L t o ach ievi ng h e goa l

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 85 • Explore ways to legalise informal 4.1 Final activities including adventure guides Recommendations licensing.

For Jordan, adventure tourism is a • Enhance and simplify licensing and newly identified market, requiring robust certification processes and design research and development. Focus effective solutions to speed up and expertise are needed, as well as efficiencies. investment and marketing efforts in • Set up an effective dedicated order to grow this potentially lucrative monitoring and evaluation system, to tourism niche product. The development address illegal outings and of this product and its design-needs by unqualified and certified operators will require professional, informed and and enforce the law to halt practices. careful handling. Through various industry • Enforce environmental protections consultations and informed research, laws and regulations including littering the following actions are recommended which highly affects adventure and to further develop adventure tourism in other locations. Jordan: • Integrate public-private and private- 1. enabling Environment private Partnerships and enforce • Institutionalize adventure tourism mechanisms to attract and facilitate governance map with clear roles investment. and responsibility of the various 2. Product Development and Local stakeholders to support sector strategy and development. Community Engagement • Map potential adventure tourism sites • Set up a reliable data collection system and experience and develop sites and for adventure tourism that is easily activities classification systems. accessible and supports informed strategic and business planning. • Develop standards for sites, equipment and itineraries that are built on • Increase government support of the international best practices. adventure tourism sector. • Map essential infrastructure needs in • Encourage collaborative sustainable order to develop the product sustainably. development among various DMOs and Include; facilities, accommodation, other stakeholders. access routes, signage and other • Conduct a thorough legal review considerations and aspects. and address the gaps that pertain to • Introduce advanced adventure Adventure Tourism including but not activities like , Tec limited to Adventure Tourism definition, diving, …etc. guides licensing and adventure operators licensing.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 86 • Consult local communities at sector. destinations and involve them during • Raise awareness on environmental development planning stages in protection measures including ways the areas related to those local to reduce waste, water and energy communities to foster collaboration consumption. and cooperation. • Enhance understanding and • Build on RSCN experience and implementation of United Nations development methodology to replicate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in other destinations outside the natural as they pertain to tourism. reserves. • Develop and implement training • Map development requirements in programs for specialized adventure local community areas and develop guides. investment maps identifying needs of communities in terms of business 4. Marketing Efforts opportunities, training and financing. • Stakeholders should align marketing • Plan and ensure for active engagement efforts with the JTB adventure tourism of local communities within adventure strategy and promotion plan. activities ensuring their financial and • Stronger promotion and awareness on social benefit. adventure tourism dos and don’ts for • Develop crisis mitigation strategies as the domestic market. well as a search and rescue mechanism. 5. Crisis Management / Resilience • Integrate sustainable practices at all levels and at all touch points as they • Select, train and engage a Tourism Crisis relate to adventure tourism. Management and Resilience Team. • Work on one-stop-shop to share concise 3. Capacity Building and Human and relevant information including Resources Related to Adventure Standard Operating Procedures and Tourism crisis measures.

• Raise awareness and train relevant • Optimize timely communications government bodies on adventure with stakeholders and align with tourism requirements and specifics. international bodies and stakeholders • Build the capacity of relevant bodies to operate in line with global needs. on search and rescue procedures in relation to adventure tourism.

• Build the capacity of rangers to implement site protection measures.

• Build the capacity of local communities to engage in the adventure tourism

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 87 Annexes Annex 1: Tourism and COVID-19

The world’s tourism sector could lose aircraft, and serious outbreaks of the virus at least $1.2 trillion, or 1.5% of the global in many of the key international tourist gross domestic product (GDP), having source markets, the tourism sector in been placed at a standstill for nearly four Jordan is facing significant difficulties. months due to the coronavirus pandemic, UNCTAD said in a report published on 1st There were 4.5 million international tourist July 2020. arrivals to Jordan 2019. However, these are projected to decline to 1.8 million in 2020, The tourism sector accounts for almost before bouncing back to 3.5 million in 14% of national income in Jordan. 2021. Unlike global tourism arrivals, which According to the World Bank, the sector will recover slower, it is anticipated that will be impacted in two ways as a result Jordan will exceed the number of arrivals of COVID-19. The first is the pull factor, that travelled to the country in 2019 by corresponding to prevailing travel bans 2022. and lockdowns, and the second is the push factor, pertaining to the growing The report goes on to say that inbound global economic slowdown82. tourists spent US$5.8 billion in Jordan in 2019; however, an expected US$2.4 USAID/BEST Report of June 2020, titled: billion is projected in 2020, a fall of just Providing Industry with Tourism Data to over 58%. 94% growth is expected in 2021, Support Tourism Resilience: Recovery generating a projected US$4.7 billion. The Planning from COVID-19 includes the model estimates that expenditure will following information; With borders closed exceed 2019 levels by 2022. around the world, airlines grounding

TOURIST ARRIVALS IN JORDAN (2019-2030) TOURIST EXPENDITURE IN JORDAN (2019-2030)

82. https://leadersinternational.org/tourism-resilience-in-the-face-of-covid-19-in-jordan

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 88 Whilst jobs created by tourism in Jordan (better and worse case) scenarios have were estimated to be almost 97,000 in been tested using the Jordan Forecaster 2019, these are projected to fall to around Model. These indicate that the best case 52,500 in 2020, down 46% or around 44,500 could mean that Jordan experiences 2.5 fewer jobs required. Of course, the actual million tourist arrivals in 2020, spending change in employment may not be this US$3.3 billion, generating TDGVA of US$1.6 high due to job retention schemes and billion, and requiring almost 61,000 jobs. other policies put in place by businesses The worst-case scenario could mean that to retain staff over what is expected to be there would be only 0.9 million arrivals, a relatively short term drop in demand. spending US$1.1 billion, generating TDGVA of US$0.5 billion, and requiring just over These figures are based on the expected 40,000 jobs. case scenario; however, the four other

EMPLOYMENT - JOBS GENERATED BY TOURISM

As of June 2020, Jordan still has a curfew and Social Security Corporation. In June in place, from midnight until 6 a.m. the government announced a number Transportation is fully operational with of measures to support the livelihood of 50% capacity for public transport. Mobility tourism institutions including facilities within governorates and between the worth JOD 150 million. The 16% sales tax is regions is permitted. Social gatherings now down to 8% in Amman and other areas allow for numbers of up to 20. Social whilst the taxes in Aqaba will remain at 7%. distancing, hygiene directives and the Service tax has been reduced from 10% wearing of masks in public are common to 5%.83Loans guaranteed to tour guides practice and requirements. and handicraft producers through the Jordan Tourism Board with up to 3 million Similar to other countries, the Government JD, with the exemption of rental fees and of Jordan is focused on supporting the other fees related to licensing to name tourism sector through the provision of some. Funds primarily aim at supporting loan support through the Central Bank

83. https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/govt-announces-new-measures-revive-virus-hit-tourism-sector

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 89 operating expenses and salaries. People and Planet will see more genuine attention and consideration in tourism Countries will recover at variable speeds, going forward. and as long as the virus persists, even in isolated geographical pockets, caution As of early July 2020, The World Travel and will play a significant role in the choice Tourism Council (WTTC) has recognised of destinations people visit, the type Jordan as a safe destination. Jordan was of tourism products they buy, and the awarded the country a “Safe ” experiences they participate in. Those stamp that validates the stringent destinations which are able to provide the hygiene and safety protocols that the greatest levels of confidence amongst country has put in place, as it prepares potential travelers are the ones that will to welcome tourists soon. The “Safe recover the fastest.84 Travels” stamp is a global initiative that gives travelers the opportunity to identify In addition, destination safety and destinations that have implemented the resilience will play a key role in attracting highest standards of safety in line with post-COVID travelers. Those destinations international protocols and best practices that are well placed to present remote designed to safeguard travelers amid the areas, space, natural pursuits, adventure unprecedented pandemic.85 and slow tourism options may be favoured over densely populated destinations, For now, Queen Alia International Airport which may work to Jordan’s favour. remains restricted to repatriation and Adventure Tourism is certainly one of the cargo flights, as well as authorized flights first tourism products expected to return. from various destinations for Jordanians residing abroad. The government has COVID-19 also appears to have shaken announced relaxing of restrictions for the world and has been a wake-up as of early June, however call to pay more attention to a more airport opening for “green countries” has balanced approach to tourism. The been postponed several times. Though engagement in meaningful experiences, new airport procedures have been clearly which are sustainable and just, green communicated, opening dates remain and inclusive, will likely see faster growth unclear, to the dismay of the stakeholders than before the pandemic. The Social and operators in the tourism sector. Development Goals as they pertain to tourism and a social enterprise stance The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the towards tourism will have an effect on world tourism situation globally and the the pure commercial role that tourism tourism sector in Jordan, in particular, plays for some. Bottom line is no longer continues to be affected by change on a simply profit and contribution towards daily basis. New findings and realities will GDP. Whilst profit matters fundamentally, continue to impact the way both the world

84. https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/govt-announces-new-measures-revive-virus-hit-tourism-sector 85. Providing Industry with Tourism Data to Support Tourism Resilience: Recovery Planning from COVID-19 – Report USAID/BEST Jordan June 2020

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 90 and Jordan will emerge. Recovery and within your control. Review of suppliers resilience strategies to deal with crises and providers for adherence to internal are imperative for the tourism sector to / national / international policies. regain strength and flourish once again. 3. Promote Health Screening The Adventure Travel Trade Association 3.1. Preventative - Who should be (ATTA) outlined five strategic goals that allowed to travel? Are there moral or Adventure Travel companies should ethical considerations (e.g. vulnerable undertake within their operations which populations, ability of the destination relate to COVID-19 risk management with to receive these travelers and attend safety as a priority, driven by guiding 86 medical needs without stressing local principles. resources)? 1. Create Transmission Barriers 3.2. Potential - Inform staff and guests 1.1. Social and Physical Distancing to stay at home if they have symptoms - Reduce the number of people however mild, or are in a household in a group whenever possible. Set where someone has symptoms. social distancing parameters. Adapt 4. Prompt Responses operations and practices to allow appropriate social distancing and 4.1. Actual/Reactive - If staff or mitigate risks in other ways if social customers test positive or have distancing is not possible. symptoms for COVID-19.

1.2. Surface Contact - Reduce 4.2. Evacuations- How will customers touchpoints or surface contact areas or staff be removed/evacuated from where possible activity or trip.

2. Enhance Sanitation 4.3. Emergencies - Local EMS and medical chain assessment. Emergency 2.1. Identification of High Touch Response Plan updated. Surfaces - Define cleaning and disinfecting procedures and following 4.4. Cancelations and Unused Services manufacturers instructions for use of - Address in Terms and Conditions and approved products. Identify cleaning liability waiver. Valid travel and medical frequency. insurance policies. Consider having a flexible cancelations policy. 2.2. Hand Washing - Regular opportunities to wash and sanitize 5. Project Communities hands. 5.1. Group Size and Type - Impact of 2.3. Cleaning/Sanitation Measures - group and trip on the community and Rigorous cleaning measures in all areas

86. https://www.rscn.org.jo/what-we-do

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 91 medical resources. and instructions were issued pertaining to Adventure Tourism per se, yet there 5.2. Moral/Ethical decisions conducting remain some gaps in this legal set up. trip - Chance of being a vector / bringing in the disease. Therefore, as part of the MEDUSA project analysis of the Adventure sector, a general 5.3. Vulnerable Places - Poor EMS / review of the governing laws, regulations Medical chain of care. Low cases with and instructions have been mapped, to high risk / vulnerable local communities. identify widespread gaps which followed several discussions with various sector Annex 2: General representatives. The below chart maps Revision of Adventure the legal framework governing adventure Tourism Legal tourism in Jordan as well as the governing bodies overseeing sector development, Framework in Jordan promotion, and regulations. As is clear from the graph, the tourism industry is Background governed by various public bodies, with On the 9th of January 1988, the Jordanian varying remits. Some work on a national Government issued a new tourism law level, while others work in specific replacing its previous version, and the geographic areas. Tourism Law (#20, 1988) was approved. This law governs MOTA’s responsibilities and identifies its various roles concerning tourism and heritage. The law also sets the base for the setup and governance of sector associations, licensing of tourism establishments and mitigation rules.

The law sets provision for numerous regulations and instructions that govern tourism operations in the Kingdom. It is necessary to note that, in order of importance, the law presides over regulations first and then instructions. Whether law, regulations or instructions, if in draft form, they are not of consequence until they have been incorporated officially.

In regards to adventure tourism, there is no separate law in force, and the sector is in essence governed by the generic Tourism Law. In addition a few regulations

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 92 Governing Bodies

MOTA is the chief representative of the The following bodies were identified as Tourism Sector in Jordan.However, the those governing/affecting adventure legal landscape is fragmented and tourism in Jordan in various forms. encompasses various self-governing bodies and authorities with their laws, regulations and instructions that govern the Adventure Tourism Sector.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 93 MOTA – Ministry of Tourism and Tourism (as head of the Council), the Antiquities Minister of Interior, the Minister of Industry and Trade, the Minister of Health, Minister Article #3 of the Tourism Law (#20,1988) of Planning, Minister of Culture, the sets out MoTA’s responsibilities as follows: Chairperson of Royal Jordanian Airlines, 1. The protection of tourist sites the Chairperson of ASEZA, the Chairperson of the Social Security Corporation, the 2. The licensing of various tourist Secretary-General of MoTA and three activities and professions, and the representatives from the private sector, classifications thereof (such as travel selected by the Minister of Tourism to be agencies, tourist transportation members of the Council. companies, hotels, campsites, tour- guides, handicrafts, traditional The National Tourism Council is works, tourist restaurants, as well as responsible for setting general policies amusement and recreational centres) that impact the tourism sector. The 3. Facilitating tourism-related Council presents proposals and drafts for administrative procedures tourism laws and finalises international agreements with other countries and 4. Conducting promotional campaigns international institutions. The Council 5. Encouraging works on establishing vocational tourism 6. Supporting business investments in centres for training and capacity building. the sector Additionally, the Council sets criteria for obtaining a variety of licenses within the 7. Providing tourism activities tourism professions and has sign-off for supported by qualified staff, who have various promotional campaigns. the abilities and skills required

8. To perform studies to ascertain It is important to note that Adventure needs and improvements impacting Tourism is built on the laws and by-laws the sector performance of tourism, meaning that any adventure tourism inclusions will require review and NTC - The National Tourism Council (led sign off by the NTC. by MOTA) While the Tourism Law and its Under Article number 5 and 6, the Tourism amendments (#20, 1988) gives the Law called for the establishment of a Council the right to the above, it is Higher Council of Tourism Committee unclear to what extent the NTC is (HCTC). The HCTC, since 20217, has been currently active and productive. At referred to as the National Tourism present, the Committee does not appear Council (NTC) . The reference to HCTC in to be conducting meetings, though this the. Tourism Law, and the use of the term will require more insight. NTC as yet have not appeared to have been formally aligned with each other. The NTC is composed of the Minister of

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 94 Note: In the amended Tour Guides Regulations an autonomous public body associated (2020), NTC (HCTC) is referred to as a ‘Board’. with the Prime Minister. The PDTRA Law However, in the description of the law, the ‘Board’ No 36/2001, states in article #4 that the is referred to as ‘Committee’. The use of the word ‘Board’ in the regulation is, therefore, incorrect PDTRA is an autonomous public body. It and not aligned. As a result of wrongly referring is both financially and administratively to the Committee rather than ‘the Board’, the Tour independent. In 2005, a new law for PDTRA Guides Regulations are not compatible with the was issued (No.15/2005). Under article law and therefore may be considered unlawful. 5 the law stipulates that the law aims to

As Adventure Tourism falls within the same legal drive economic and social development scope as tourism, Adventure Tourism too will by adopting strategies and plans that suffer the same consequences of misaligned legal are related to multiple angles including references. developing the tourism sector, classifying various sites according to their potential ASEZA – Aqaba Special Economic Zone for tourism, protecting archaeological Authority sites and others. The Government of Jordan established ASEZA, issuing Law No.32/2000, in which JVA - Jordan Valley Authority ASEZA has become the successor of The JVA was established in 1973, and the Aqaba Region Authority and Aqaba the law of authority was issued in 1977. Municipality. The Aqaba Special Economic The boundaries of JVA were determined Zone (ASEZ), which includes Wadi Rum, by issuing the Law of Jordan Valley has been very oriented towards tourism, Development No.19/1988. The area encouraging considerable investments extends from the northern Jordanian in hotels, tourism services and facilities. border to the village of Qatar in the south, Under the ASEZ regulations, there are many in Wadi Araba. The area is pretty much all differences with the rest of the country, the western land along the Jordan River, including the levy of taxes, foreign labor, the Ghor areas and Wadi Araba including community inclusion, the proper use of the Dead Sea (paragraph B of Article no 2 environmental resources and others. The of JVA Law) . law also gives ASEZA, as the governing body in the Zone, the right to lead tourism The tasks of JVA include the development planning, development and promotion in of the tourism environment in the Jordan the Zone. Valley, pinpointing the sites that are suitable for tourist activities (under PDTRA - Petra Development & Tourism paragraph d of article 3). The JVA is Region Authority associated with the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and is directed by them, not by In 1995 the PDTRA was established as a MOTA. The fact that JVA reports to the public body that concerns itself with the mentioned Ministry and not MOTA is due to city and improvement projects in the Petra the vital importance of the Jordan Valley region. At that time, PDTRA was linked in terms of water management, including with MoTA. However, in 2001 it was made overseeing the Dead Sea and dams.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 95 Many Adventure Tourism Sites are located Vocational and Technical Skills in the JVA area. However one of the main Development Commission (under issues is that geographical areas have Ministry of Labour) not yet been pinpointed in terms of suitability, level of risk and other relevant The Vocational and Technical Skills categorization for adventure tourism use Development Commission is a legal entity formed under the Act of 2019 Ministry of Interior under the Ministry of Labour. The role of the Commission is to be the legal and The Ministry of Interior was established in technical body for the vocational and 1921, coinciding with the establishment of technical training. The new law gives the Trans Jordan. The Ministry is responsible authority to replace all other vocational for preserving security and public order as well as providing the best service to education institutions to rehabilitate citizens in urban, rural and Bedouin areas vocational schools and institutes, under and is tasked with keeping up the national the Law of Enhancement (2019). The Law of public policy of encouraging investment Enhancement hence supersedes MoTA’s in tourism. position to take on these authorities and responsibilities as it pertains to the In 1958, law number 29 was passed, (adventure) tourism sector87. separating Public security from the Army. In 1965 the Law for Public Security (number Ministry of Education 38) was passed. The law specified, amongst others, the duties of the force The Ministry of Education authorises to preserve order and security and groups of school children to venture implement laws and regulations, judicial out to tourism and archaeological sites, and legitimate orders and assisting public including into adventure tourism areas. authorities in executing their functions The regulations for these trips require according to stipulated laws and carrying permissions from MoED and the Ministry out other duties of enforcing the law. of Interior. If the areas are any areas

The Ministry of Interior has the right to controlled by independent bodies, like the close any area which is considered a RSCN or the Army for example, then this dangerous area as was the case after the body also has to give permission to allow tragic events relating to loss of life at the the trip to take place. No permission from Dead Sea. MoTA is required.

From an Adventure Travel perspective this is highly relevant. The Ministry of Interior is the body that licenses any group activities, including biking groups. The Ministry of Interior has the right to issue or revoke any license.

87. https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/new-commission-formed-organise-vocational-training

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 96 Ministry of Youth RSCN is also designated as the management and enforcement authority The Ministry of Youth has recently for CITES ( on International announced that its revised law Trade in Endangered Species of Wild (approved in 2019) specifies its role as Fauna and Flora). the sole provider of training programs for adventure trainers, guides and rescue RSCN provides capacity building and specialists. As such the ministry is working training, to environmental institutions closely with MOTA to ensure that all related and practitioners throughout Jordan and tourism parties are involved and that any the Middle East. The aim is to share their program developed by the Ministry of expertise and empower others to join in the Youth fulfills the goals and requirements protection of nature. RSCN also promotes of the adventure tourism sector in Jordan. public action for environmental protection through campaigns and activities run by Adventure Tourism and Conservation an advocacy committee.88

There are several bodies in Jordan that are Through its Wild Jordan brand, the tasked with conservation efforts. In recent RSCN is developing and promoting years, these entities started introducing tourism activities within the reserves and tourism activities into the protected areas providing eco accommodation options, and connecting these activities with local camping, guided hikes, bird watching communities to increase employment programs, horseback riding, and and support their livelihoods. Adventure cultural programs linking the reserves to tourism in particular is therefore touched communities around them. As such most by two of these organizations. of the activities offered by RSCN fall under the Adventure Tourism categories. RSCN – The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature JREDS - The Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan RSCN is an independent organization. It is committed to setting up and managing The Royal Marine Conservation Society a number of designated protected areas of Jordan (JREDS) was founded in covering some of the most beautiful 1993. JREDS officially became the first natural landscapes in Jordan in order to specialised Jordanian non-profit, non- safeguard Jordan’s natural environment governmental organisation dedicated and biodiversity. RSCN is committed to the conservation of the marine to enforcing the Wildlife Protection Act environment in 1995. JREDS focuses through a special mandate from the on Marine Conservation, Outreach Ministry of Agriculture, and works closely and Advocacy and Sustainable with law enforcement agencies, including Development and to foster a culture of the Rangers (environmental police), to marine conservation in Jordan. JREDS protect biodiversity.

88. https://www.rscn.org.jo/what-we-do

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 97 also promotes environmentally sound Adventure Tourism in Jordan. initiatives and advocates for penalties Even if MoTA were to sign MoUs with the for polluters and the enforcement of the various authorities like ASEZA, PDTRA law and regulations to maintain a healthy 89 and others to foster collaboration and marine environment. JREDS works alignment, the prevailing laws would closely with ASEZA to maintain focus on supersede such MoUs. marine environment issues, and as such is considered an important partner in Further mapping needs to be done regulating the diving sector in Aqaba. to dive deeper into collaboration and cooperation between MoTA and Adventure Tourism independent authorities to develop Regulations and Instructions Adventure Tourism in a legal, aligned and sustainable manner. Any reference or relevance to Adventure Tourism will be subject to prevailing On the matter of obtaining approvals, tourism laws, noting that regulations and licensing and certification for (Adventure) instructions for Adventure Tourism will, in Tourism stakeholders a variety of parties essence, be governed by the published and government bodies have been underlying law to which they refer. identified and are set out in the graph below. Regulations that were issued under the umbrella of Tourism Law (#20,1988) and Note that the Ministry of Industry and antiquities Law (#21/1998) include; Tour Trade is the ministry that is responsible for Guide Regulations No.34/1998, Travel all commercial activities in Jordan, which Agency Regulation No.11/2005, Hotel and includes (Adventure) Tourism activities. Tourist Facility Regulation No.7/1997, Tourist Transport Regulation No.7/1995, Jordan Tourism Board Regulation No 62/1997 and Petra Archaeological Park Regulation No.78/2007 amongst others.

The areas where Adventure Tourism takes place, in particular, the six pilot areas as set out under the MEDUSA project, include the Jordan Valley as well as Wadi Rum and Aqaba. These are the areas that have specific laws. MoTA is not the leading authority in these areas. However, the Jordan Valley, Aqaba and Wadi Rum are of crucial importance in developing

89. http://www.jreds.org/en-us/Programs

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 98 Critical Gaps and General Recommendations

Through the reading of the various legal have been identified as affecting the tourism documents, as well as through future development of Adventure Tourism the discussions with the various tourism in Jordan and that need to be addressed stakeholders, the following primary issues in a more focused approach.

Definition

GAPS:

• The legal definition of Adventure Tourism and missing elements, as mentioned above, must be addressed and clarified.

• The legal definition of adventure tour operators and the operational requirements need to be revised in the context of the amended description.

• Without a definition of Adventure Tourism, it is not possible to classify guides, camps, tour operators or relate insurance requirements and design insurance products.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Define Adventure Tourism in clear terms – offering suggested definition for review and adaptation

• Engage with MoTA / JVA / PDTRA / ASEZA / Baptism Site/ RSCN / Jordan Trail / Civil and Governmental Society organisations related to (adventure tourism) for holistic stakeholder engagement

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 99 Legal Structure & Law Enforcement

GAPS:

• Lack of a clear hierarchy of regulations governing adventure tourism and operations. There is vagueness in the responsibilities of various stakeholders as well as unregistered, unqualified, uncertified, unclassified operators and service providers.

• Lack of clarity regarding the role of MOTA and other official stakeholders in the overall context of adventure tourism governance (e.g. school trips approvals to be shared between MOTA and MoED) & (civil defence and rescue plans)

• Lack of awareness on The Law of Enhancement and the manner in which all vocational training must be authorised in order to ensure legal certifications

• Lack of awareness, exposure and understanding of the laws by the private sector. The laws are not published or compiled in one place for ease of access.

• Lack of enforcement of the relevant law (whether Tourism, Enhancement, Environment or other)

• Lack of cooperation between MOTA and other relevant Ministries and Authorities to ensure effective governance (within the tourism sector and across supporting industries)

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Conduct an in-depth study on Tourism Law in general and its pertaining regulations and their effect in Adventure Tourism in particular

• Gain buy-in and commitment to collaboration from relevant stakeholders before completing and issuing any new legal document related to adventure tourism

• Review draft instructions for adventure tourism and recommend more effective guidelines in line with requirements as set out.

• Map the disconformity of the various legislations governing adventure tourism

• Ascertain where the ‘Law of Negligence’ is most prevalent and expose the level of risk and therefore priority to address and resolve

• Ensure close cooperation with independent authorities, including ASEZA, PDTRA, JVA and seek better collaboration and engagement. All of them will be instrumental in adventure tourism development within their local authorities.

• Assess international best practices, make it relevant to Jordan and embed. Noting that best practices cannot be legally enforced yet are an excellent addition providing laws, regulations and instructions are sound and aligned. The USAID-LENS project developed recommendations for best practices for adventure tourism, which were discussed and approved at the time by a variety of stakeholders. These could be revised and adopted for the best use of resources.

• Engage in legal awareness with regards to Adventure Tourism for stakeholders in the Adventure Tourism Value Chain through capacity building workshops and accessible online material

• Build awareness of operators, adventure guides, community engagement guides and others to understand classifications, activities and requirements

• Start with the law, not with the regulations – and build up from there to avoid future misfits and legal disconnects.

• Ensure a neutral body to monitor, evaluate and enforce the law

• Review activities, rules and regulations every six months and adjust and update where required as Adventure Tourism evolves

• Effectively work across Ministries and governing bodies and align forces and responsibilities.

• Create a central, easily accessible data source for all stakeholders to find details on laws, regulations, instructions and best practices as they pertain to adventure tourism

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 100 Classification & Certification

GAPS:

• Lack of classification for adventure locations and activities per complexity and its nature, which could be classified into High Risk, Medium Risk and Low risk (this also should include the adventure camps and villages)

• Activities are not comprehensively listed, and events including air and water-based activities are missing and as a result, can not be classified

• Lack of clarity on Certification of Adventure Tourism Guides as well as Community Engagement Guides

• Lack of consensus on adventure guides training standards

• Tour Operators certification is missing, and many operators are not registered

• Lack of rescue training for Civil Defense concerning adventure tourism, with only 15 people currently trained

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Define and classify all activities, across all terrains and on land, in the sky or on, in or underwater as an introduction, intermediate or advanced levels including activities not yet mentioned or relevant adventure tourism product development

• Address the age groups limitations in different categories and possibly link them to the classification of high, medium and low-risk activities and locations. Make a logical sense of requirements in line with risk, physical ability and other relevant factors. Age requirements are confusing. A 13-year-old is allowed to ride a horse but can only hike when aged 18 and over, thus destroying family impacting leisurely outdoor family activities that are low risk.

• Define group sizes per activity, guide requirements, age restrictions

• Map the Adventure Tourism Value Chain conduct needs analysis as it pertains to certification, vocational training, community engagement and other

• Delve into the Safety Management Systems and requirements and regulations, including Search and Rescue

• Facilitate and encourage operator and service provider registration

• Train and certify rescue trained human resources ensuring the correct legal pathway to do so

• Set, agree and approve training standards and requirements and implement to ensure practical and valid training for Adventure Guides and Community Engagement Guides

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 101 Classification & Certification

GAPS:

• Lack of operational committees and commissions that will help set the guidelines and approve new activities. Workarounds are being found which poses a safety risk to the whole adventure sector

• Lack of insurance for domestic adventure tourists and exposure of a threat to international claims due to lack of having an aligned legal system in place

• Lack of equipment standards according to terrain, activity and risk factor and skills as well as equipment certification [Currently under process through JSMO Adventure Committee]

• Lack of approved rules and guidelines for various activities [Currently under process through JSMO Adventure Committee]

• Lack of efficiency through bureaucratic complexities. Absence of one-stop-shop

• Lack of governing bodies alignment. Complex number of stakeholders in a hard to navigate landscape impacting reduced efficiency and effectiveness

• Prevalence of subjective agendas driving adventure tourism. Cutting corners or ignoring the bigger legal picture to push forward is occurring

• Lack of expertise and professional interest in developing adventure tourism found among governing bodies that inform, regulate and promote adventure tourism

• Apparent absence and lack of effective monitoring and evaluation of sector operation and law enforcement

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Assess best practices as implemented by RSCN and make use of their existing expertise within the reserves to be applied where possible outside the reserves.

• Review existing laws and regulations specific to ASEZA, PDTRA, JVA and embed best practices. For example; Wadi Rum, Regulation No24/2001 stressed the protection of heritage and environmental aspects, highlighting the importance of taking care of all components in the ecosystem to guarantee the sustainability of resources including endangered and rare wildlife and species on the verge of extinction. The regulation has highlighted efforts to reduce pollution (article no.3). It serves as an example of how regulatory measures can help both to support the ecosystem and align with the needs and requirements of Adventure Travelers in that context.

• Engage and embed adventure tourism experts and aficionados within MoTA and JTB and other relevant bodies and authorities

• Ensure that all adventure tourism operators are licensed. The entity that has been registered and insured should conduct the activity or should subcontract a registered and authorised party who is also protected.

• Explore insurance for the sector (for a client, operator, guide) and include minimal compulsory requirements according to international best practices

• Create an online one-stop-shop for all matters relating to Adventure tourism including laws, licensing, qualifications, standards, certifications, regulations, best practices, awareness, safety management systems and other for human resources, equipment and all aspects of the adventure travel value chain

• Ensure Monitoring and Evaluation of sector operation and stringent law enforcement

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 102 Mapping

GAPS:

• Lack of clearly mapped structure of responsible bodies as related to the tourism sector and how they interact including which authority has higher legal power in the hierarchy

• Lack of comprehensively mapping and listing in detail the activities public use. A guide is currently in the making in this regard, but unless it is comprehensive for all parties and is well promoted then it will be of little use

• Lack of geographical mapping locations have not been mapped defined nor categorised for professional or public use

• Lack of clarity on whether an ‘ association’ or ‘federation’ sport (climbing, mountaineering) should be mapped and covered under Adventure Tourism regulations

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Map the adventure tourism terrain

• Publish detailed mapping and listing in detail and build awareness with stakeholders and beneficiaries

• Specify locations and geography and examine intensity and risk levels according to international standards and understanding

• Align specific activities to specific, named and defined locations and areas and their boundaries

• Take seasonal patterns into account – especially rainfall and flooding risks and embed in a regulatory context.

• Review and map legal structures, committees and commissions addressing issues, gaps, risk and opportunities supported by private and public sectors

• Review Associations and Federations that engage in activities that are related to adventure tourism and qualify and classify according to needs and requirements if relevant

Conclusion

The Adventure Tourism sector has the party who is deemed negligent. In the immense potential for Jordan. On the current circumstances, the full spectrum other hand, if the legal framework of factors that have not yet been defined is a misaligned legal system, the nor determined, are all risks that can be consequences are likely to negatively addressed and will need to be put in place. impact Jordan’s opportunity to build up in this sector. A full legal study is urgently needed to assess, map and recommend measures As stated in article 2.56 from the civil law: to be taken to better build a strategic, Any harm coming to anyone through sustainable and resilient Adventure ‘negligence” will require compensation by Tourism sector in Jordan.

Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 103 5. RESOURCES

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Attractions, Inventory and Mapping for Adventure Tourism - Jordan 109 ACRONYMS ATTA Adventure Travel and Trade Association

ASEZA Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority

DMo destination Management Organization gdp gross Domestic Product ict information and Communications Technology

Jd Jordanian Dinar

Jic Jordan Investment Commission

JITOA Jordan Inbound Tour Operators Association

JTA Jordan Trail Association

Jtb Jordan Tourism Board

Jreds the Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan

JVA Jordan Valley Authority

MoEN Ministry of Environment

MOTA Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities

PDTRA petra Development & Authority

RASCJ the Royal Aero Sports Club of Jordan rscn the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature

SDGs united Nations Sustainable Development Goals

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNWto united Nations World Tourism Organization

USAid united States Agency for International Development

WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council