P-125, P-121 Owner's Manual
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The Cimbalo Cromatico and Other Italian Keyboard Instruments With
Performance Practice Review Volume 6 Article 2 Number 1 Spring The imbC alo Cromatico and Other Italian Keyboard Instruments with Ninteen or More Division to the Octave (Surviving Specimens and Documentary Evidence) Christopher Stembridge Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Stembridge, Christopher (1993) "The imbC alo Cromatico and Other Italian Keyboard Instruments with Ninteen or More Division to the Octave (Surviving Specimens and Documentary Evidence)," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 6: No. 1, Article 2. DOI: 10.5642/ perfpr.199306.01.02 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol6/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Early-Baroque Keyboard Instruments The Cimbalo cromatico and Other Italian Keyboard Instruments with Nineteen or More Divisions to the Octave (Surviving Specimens and Documentary Evidence) Christopher Stembridge In an earlier article1 it was demonstrated that the cimbalo cromatico was an instrument with nineteen divisions to the octave. Although no such instrument is known to have survived, one harpsichord and a keyboard from another instrument, while subsequently altered, show clear traces of having had 19 keys per octave in the middle range. The concept was further developed to produce instruments with 24, 28, 31, 3, and even 60 keys per octave. With the exception of Trasuntino's 1606 Clavemusicum Omni- tonum, none of these survives; documentary evidence, however, shows that they were related to the cimbalo cromatico, as this article attempts to demonstrate. -
Commuted Waveguide Synthesis of the Clavichord
Vesa Va¨lima¨ki,* Mikael Laurson,† Commuted Waveguide and Cumhur Erkut* *Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Synthesis of the Signal Processing Helsinki University of Technology Clavichord P.O. Box 3000 FIN-02015 HUT Espoo, Finland {Vesa.Valimaki, Cumhur.Erkut}@hut.fi †Centre for Music and Technology Sibelius Academy P.O. Box 86 Helsinki, Finland Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/comj/article-pdf/27/1/71/1853827/01489260360613353.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 laurson@siba.fi The clavichord is one of the oldest keyboard instru- instrument is an Anthony Sidey clavichord manu- ments, and it is still often used in performances factured by Heugel in Paris, France, in 1988. This and recordings of Renaissance and Baroque music. clavichord is an unfretted one, so any combination The sound of the instrument is pleasant and ex- of notes can be played. The range of a clavichord is pressive but quiet. Consequently, the instrument anywhere from three octaves to over five octaves. can only be used in intimate performances for Our clavichord has 51 keys ranging from C2 to D6. small audiences. This is the main reason why the The instrument was tuned about a whole tone clavichord was replaced by the harpsichord and fi- lower than the standard modern tuning Hz): the nominal frequency of A4 is 395 440 ס nally by the modern piano, both of which produce (A4 a considerably louder output. Attempts have been Hz. The Werkmeister tuning system was used. made to amplify the sound of the clavichord using For each key of the clavichord, a pair of strings is a piezoelectric pickup (Burhans 1973). -
Tonal Quality of the Clavichord : the Effect of Sympathetic Strings Christophe D’Alessandro, Brian Katz
Tonal quality of the clavichord : the effect of sympathetic strings Christophe d’Alessandro, Brian Katz To cite this version: Christophe d’Alessandro, Brian Katz. Tonal quality of the clavichord : the effect of sympathetic strings. Intl Symp on Musical Acoustics (ISMA), 2004, Nara, Unknown Region. pp.21–24. hal- 01789802 HAL Id: hal-01789802 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01789802 Submitted on 21 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Musical Acoustics, March 31st to April 3rd 2004 (ISMA2004), Nara, Japan 1-P1-7 Tonal quality of the clavichord: the effect of sympathetic strings Christophe d'Alessandro & Brian F.G. Katz LIMSI-CNRS, BP133 F-91403 Orsay, France [email protected], [email protected] Abstract part of the strings the “played strings”. Only few works have included efforts specifically devoted to the In the clavichord, unlike the piano, the slanting strings acoustics of the clavichord [2][3][4]. Experiments with between the bridge and the hitch pins are not damped physical modeling synthesis of the clavichord are with felt. The effect of these “sympathetic strings” on described in [5]. -
Understanding Music Past and Present
Understanding Music Past and Present N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD Understanding Music Past and Present N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD Dahlonega, GA Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu- tion-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under identical terms. If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia. NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorpo- rated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the rightsholders for our use of their content. Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a rea- sonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia Press at [email protected] to have the content removed. ISBN: 978-1-940771-33-5 Produced by: University System of Georgia Published by: University of North Georgia Press Dahlonega, Georgia Cover Design and Layout Design: Corey Parson For more information, please visit http://ung.edu/university-press Or email [email protected] TABLE OF C ONTENTS MUSIC FUNDAMENTALS 1 N. -
Sound and Science of Musical Instruments Schubert Club Museum About Us
Schubert Club Museum Teacher Guide Sound and Science of Musical Instruments Schubert Club Museum About Us About Schubert Club Fun Facts! Schubert Club is one of the nation’s most vibrant Schubert Club is the oldest arts organization in music organizations, enriching Minnesota with the midwest and one of the oldest in the country. dynamic concerts, music education programs, and museum exhibits. Schubert Club Museum houses a collection of musical instruments and original manuscripts Schubert Club Museum is located in downtown from all over the globe. Saint Paul’s historic Landmark Center. Schubert Club was founded in 1882 by a group of women, “The Ladies Musicale”, who wanted to cultivate a lively music scene in Saint Paul focused on recitals. They later changed their name to The Schubert Club to honor composer Franz Schubert. You can play historical keyboards and view manuscripts from famous composers—including a handwritten letter from Mozart! Our Project CHEER program provides free music lessons to kids who would not otherwise be able to prioritize private music lessons. Our name may make us sound like a “club”, but Schubert Club welcomes everyone to enjoy our concerts, education programs, and museum. Schubert Club is a part of the Arts Partnership with Minnesota Opera, The Ordway, and Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, and is a nonprofit organization. Museum school tours are filled with interactive activities that are inspired by making music, exploring how instruments work, and discovering For more information about Schubert Club visit the history and cultures behind the music. www.schubert.org Schubert Club Museum Plan a Trip FAQ Field Trip Checklist Is Schubert Club Museum accessible? Our build- BEFORE ing, Landmark Center is accessible for persons with mobili- ty challenges by way of the entrance from Market Street on the East side of the building. -
MUSIC in the EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Western Music in Context: a Norton History Walter Frisch Series Editor
MUSIC IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Western Music in Context: A Norton History Walter Frisch series editor Music in the Medieval West, by Margot Fassler Music in the Renaissance, by Richard Freedman Music in the Baroque, by Wendy Heller Music in the Eighteenth Century, by John Rice Music in the Nineteenth Century, by Walter Frisch Music in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries, by Joseph Auner MUSIC IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY John Rice n W. W. NORTON AND COMPANY NEW YORK ē LONDON W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program— trade books and college texts—were firmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. Copyright © 2013 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Editor: Maribeth Payne Associate Editor: Justin Hoffman Assistant Editor: Ariella Foss Developmental Editor: Harry Haskell Manuscript Editor: JoAnn Simony Project Editor: Jack Borrebach Electronic Media Editor: Steve Hoge Marketing Manager, Music: Amy Parkin Production Manager: Ashley Horna Photo Editor: Stephanie Romeo Permissions Manager: Megan Jackson Text Design: Jillian Burr Composition: CM Preparé Manufacturing: Quad/Graphics—Fairfield, PA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rice, John A. -
Williams Symphony Digital Piano
Important Safety Instructions 1) Do not use near water. 2) Clean only with dry cloth. 3) Do not block any ventilation openings. 4) Do not place near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or any other apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat. 5) Do not remove the polarized or grounding-type plug. 6) Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched. 7) Only use the included attachments/accessories. 8) Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for a long period of time. 9) Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped. FCC Statements FCC Statements 1. Caution: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. 2. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. -
A Brief History of Piano Action Mechanisms*
Advances in Historical Studies, 2020, 9, 312-329 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ahs ISSN Online: 2327-0446 ISSN Print: 2327-0438 A Brief History of Piano Action Mechanisms* Matteo Russo, Jose A. Robles-Linares Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK How to cite this paper: Russo, M., & Ro- Abstract bles-Linares, J. A. (2020). A Brief History of Piano Action Mechanisms. Advances in His- The action mechanism of keyboard musical instruments with strings, such as torical Studies, 9, 312-329. pianos, transforms the motion of a depressed key into hammer swing or jack https://doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2020.95024 lift, which generates sound by striking the string of the instrument. The me- Received: October 30, 2020 chanical design of the key action influences many characteristics of the musi- Accepted: December 5, 2020 cal instrument, such as keyboard responsiveness, heaviness, or lightness, which Published: December 8, 2020 are critical playability parameters that can “make or break” an instrument for a pianist. Furthermore, the color of the sound, as well as its volume, given by Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. the shape and amplitude of the sound wave respectively, are both influenced This work is licensed under the Creative by the key action. The importance of these mechanisms is highlighted by Commons Attribution International centuries of studies and efforts to improve them, from the simple rigid lever License (CC BY 4.0). mechanism of 14th-century clavichords to the modern key action that can be http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ found in concert grand pianos, with dozens of bodies and compliant elements. -
The Interwoven Evolution of the Early Keyboard and Baroque Culture
Musical Offerings Volume 7 Number 1 Spring 2016 (Special Issue) Article 4 4-11-2016 The Interwoven Evolution of the Early Keyboard and Baroque Culture Rachel Stevenson Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings Part of the Ethnomusicology Commons, Fine Arts Commons, Musicology Commons, Music Performance Commons, and the Music Theory Commons DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Recommended Citation Stevenson, Rachel (2016) "The Interwoven Evolution of the Early Keyboard and Baroque Culture," Musical Offerings: Vol. 7 : No. 1 , Article 4. DOI: 10.15385/jmo.2016.7.1.4 Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings/vol7/iss1/4 The Interwoven Evolution of the Early Keyboard and Baroque Culture Document Type Article Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact that Baroque society had in the development of the early keyboard. While the main timeframe is Baroque, a few references are made to the late Medieval Period in determining the reason for the keyboard to more prominently emerge in the musical scene. As Baroque society develops and new genres are formed, different keyboard instruments serve vital roles unique to their construction. -
Music Teacher(S): Mr
Hearts Irving Remote Learning Packet NB: Please keep all work produced this week. Details regarding how to turn in this work will be forthcoming. April 6-10, 2020 Course: Music Teacher(s): Mr. Zuno [email protected] Weekly Plan: Monday, April 6 ⬜ Read Ch 2 - Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color (pp. 12-18) for 12 minutes ⬜Summarize: Write a summary for 8 minutes (instructions below). ⬜Check your work: Also, please go through the Week 1 answers and check your work for accuracy. If you have any questions, please let me know so I can explain or clarify. Tuesday, April 7 ⬜ Read: Ch 2 - Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color (pp. 18-24) for 12 minutes ⬜Summarize: Write a summary for 8 minutes (instructions below) Wednesday, April 8 ⬜ Listen to WRR 101.1 for 15 minutes and follow the next step. ⬜ Write a short paragraph on the music you heard on the radio (instructions below). Thursday, April 9 ⬜ Please answer the questions about For the Beauty of the Earth. ⬜ Please answer the questions about Morning Has Broken. Friday, April 10 No school! Statement of Academic Honesty I affirm that the work completed from the packet I affirm that, to the best of my knowledge, my is mine and that I completed it independently. child completed this work independently _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Student Signature Parent Signature Details for each assignment: Monday, April 6 1) Read Ch 2 - Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color (pp. 12-18) for 12 minutes Look for terms like: frequency, pitch, and noise, as well as amplitude, forte, piano, mezzo, tone color, and timbre. -
Table of Contents
NORD ELECTRO 2 V3.0x Table of contents Table of contents 1. Introduction .........................................................5 Welcome ....................................................................................... 5 About the Owner’s Manual........................................................................................................5 Reading the manual in Adobe Acrobat Reader........................................................................... 5 Clavia on the Internet............................................................... 6 2. Overview ................................................................7 The Nord Electro 2 front panel .............................................. 7 The left panel section................................................................................................................. 7 The Organ section ..................................................................................................................... 8 The Instrument Select button ....................................................................................................8 The Piano section ...................................................................................................................... 8 The Effects section..................................................................................................................... 8 The Keyboard............................................................................................................................ 8 Nord Electro -
Recovering the Clavichord for the Modern Pianist
Recovering the Clavichord for the Modern Pianist A document submitted to The Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS in the Performance Studies Division of the College-Conservatory of Music 2012 by Albert Mühlböck Magister Artium, University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Austria, 1996 Committee Chair: Steven Cahn, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This document examines the history of the clavichord, explores similarities between clavichord and piano technique, and makes suggestions about the respects in which traditional principles of clavichord playing can improve the playing of pianists and piano students. For centuries the clavichord was considered the basis from which all other keyboard instruments could be approached. After a time of relative obscurity in the second half of the nineteenth century, followed by a revival in the twentieth century, the clavichord again enjoys enough dissemination and familiarity to resume that noble role. This study finds, through examination of ancient and contemporary sources, that especially a pianist’s sensitivity of touch and clarity of playing can be improved by playing the clavichord. Practical suggestions are also given. For future, extended versions of this thesis, please check www.albert-muhlbock.com. ii iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv TABLE OF FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 – THE CLAVICHORD 4 Construction of the Clavichord 4 History of the Clavichord 13 Before 1500 13 The 16th Century 15 The 17th Century 17 The 18th Century 18 Individual Composers 23 J.S. Bach 23 Joseph Haydn 26 W.