DOCSLIB.ORG

Caatinga Ethnoherpetology: Relationships Between Herpeto- Fauna and People in a Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caatinga Ethnoherpetology: Relationships Between Herpeto- Fauna and People in a Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil Copyright: © 2014 Mendonça et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported Amphibian & Reptile Conservation License, which permits unrestricted use for non-commercial and education purposes only [General Section] 8(1): 24–32. provided the original author and source are credited. The official publication credit source: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation at: amphibian-reptile-conservation.org Caatinga Ethnoherpetology: Relationships between herpeto- fauna and people in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil 1,2Lívia Emanuelle Tavares Mendonça, 2Washington Luiz Silva Vieira, and 3,*Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves 1,3Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Av. das Baraúnas, 351/Campus Universitário Bodocongó, 58109-753 Campina Grande, PB, BRAZIL 1,2 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, BRAZIL Abstract.—We investigated the interactions between humans and herpetofauna in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Data were obtained by means of interviews with 124 hunters or ex-hunters using semi-structured questionnaires, complemented by informal conversations. We recorded 18 species (17 reptiles and one amphibian) that local human populations interact with because they have some utilitarian value or because of conflicting relations with local inhabitants. Implementation of conservation measures aimed at the herpetofauna in this region is particularly difficult due to the aversion that local people hold toward many of these species. Therefore, environmental education strategies should be adopted. These efforts should not be solely directed at species subject to hunting, but should be all-inclusive and take into consideration the cultural, social, and utilitarian role that governs the interactions of human populations and the herpetofauna of the Caatinga. Key words. Caatinga, conservation, ethnobiology, ethnozoology, hunting, reptiles, wildlife use Citation: Mendonça LET, Vieira WLS, Alves RRN. 2014. Caatinga Ethnoherpetology: Relationships between herpetofauna and people in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8(1) [General Section]: 24–32 (e78). Introduction 12 amphisbaenids, 53 snakes, five testudines, and four Humans and herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) crocodilians), many of which interact with local human have interacted for millennia, virtually wherever they populations, where they furnish products exploited by have been in contact (Alves et al. 2013b). As a result, the local people or are hunted and killed due to conflict- interactions between humans and these animals are quite ing relations with people (Alves et al. 2009b, 2012a, b, varied, encompassing utilitarian, symbolic, and conflict- c; Barbosa et al. 2011; Fernandes-Ferreira et al. 2013). In ing aspects (Alves et al. 2008, 2009a, 2012b, c; Fer- this context, understanding of the relations between hu- nandes-Ferreira et al. 2012a; Franke and Telecky 2001; mans and the herpetofauna of the region is an important Klemens and Thorbjarnarson 1995; Morris and Morris step in designing strategies for management and sustain- 1965; Moura et al. 2010; Schlaepfer et al. 2005). Such able use, and should consider the ecological, economic, interactions can be studied through ethnoherpetology, and cultural aspects associated with these interactions. a subdivision of ethnozoology, which examines the re- Ethnoherpetological studies have only recently begun lationships between human cultures and herpetofauna in Caatinga, although general ethnozoological research (Bertrand 1997; Das 1998; Goodman and Hobbs 1994; indicates that reptiles and amphibians are hunted by ru- Speck 1946). Ethnozoological studies can aid in the ral and urban populations of the region (Albuquerque et evaluation of the impacts human populations have on na- al. 2012; Alves et al. 2012b; Fernandes-Ferreira et al. tive animal species and in the development of sustainable 2012a). In an effort to contribute to our ethnoherpetologi- management plans, and thus, they are essential to conser- cal knowledge and its implications in the semiarid region vation efforts (Alves 2012; Alves and Souto 2011). of northeastern Brazil, we investigated the interactions Caatinga is the name given to the semiarid region that between humans and herpetofauna in the municipality of occupies the largest portion of Northeast Brazil and rep- Pocinhos in the semi-arid region of Paraíba State (PB). resents one of the major examples of a semiarid environ- Our aim was to record the patterns of interactions of the ment in the Neotropical region (Albuquerque et al. 2012; local people with representatives of this animal group in Alves et al. 2012b). In this biome, 205 herpetofaunal the region. This information may be used to enhance con- species have been recorded (65 amphibians, 66 lizards, servation of the Caatinga’s herpetofauna. Correspondence. Email: *[email protected] Amphib. Reptile Conserv. | amphibian-reptile-conservation.org (24) July 2014 | Volume 8 | Number 1 | e78 Mendonça et al. Materials and Methods Vernacular names of the specimens cited were re- corded and the animals identified in the following ways: Study area (1) analysis of the specimens or parts thereof donated by The present study was carried out in the municipality the interviewees; (2) analysis of photographs of animals of Pocinhos, located in the semi-arid region of Paraíba taken during the interviews and during the accompani- State, Brazil (Fig. 1; Ribeiro 2003). Pocinhos is 630 km2 ment of hunting activities; (3) use of identifications by in area, with approximately 17,032 inhabitants. Average taxonomists familiar with the fauna of the study area and annual temperature is 23 °C, which varies little through- use of vernacular names; and (4) information from previ- out the year. The region has a very low rainfall rate, fluc- ous ethnozoological studies carried out in the study area tuating annually between 400 and 600 mm. The climate (Alves et al. 2009b; Confessor et al. 2009; Mendonça et is hot, semi-arid, with rainfall in the autumn and winter al. 2011). The scientific nomenclature of the species that months (Ribeiro 2003) and the vegetation is dominated are cited in this study follows the guidelines of the Bra- by sub-deciduous and deciduous forests typical of semi- zilian Society of Herpetology (http://www.sbherpetolo- arid regions (Alves et al. 2009b; Ribeiro 2003). gia.org.br/). After analysis, specimens were deposited at the zoo- Procedures logical collections of the Universidade Federal da Paraí- The study was conducted in the period of June 2010 to ba. Samples were collected with the permission of the In- June 2011. The information was obtained by means of stituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade interviews with hunters or ex-hunters using semistruc- (ICMBio) and the Sistema de Autorização e Informação tured questionnaires, complemented by informal con- em Biodiversidade (SISBIO), license number 25926-2. versations (Bernard 1994; Huntington 2000). The selec- tion of informants was done by the “snowball” sampling Data Analysis technique (Bailey 1994), where from the initial contact, an informant indicates another who in turn indicates still An accumulation curve of the herpetofaunal species cited another and so forth. Before each interview, the nature by interviewees was prepared. In an accumulation curve and objectives of the research were explained, and the for ethnobiological data, the X-axis corresponds to the interviewees gave their permission to record the informa- number of individuals interviewed and Y-axis the num- tion, by signing an informed consent form. ber of species cited by the respondents. The curve was The questionnaires were applied to 124 hunters from randomized 1,000 times and the means were calculated the municipality, of which 98 (79%) live in urban ar- using the software EstimateS© version 8.2 (Colwell eas but frequently travel to rural areas to hunt, while 26 2009). EstimateS© permits the statistical analysis of spe- (21%) live in the rural zone. The ethical approval for the cies richness (for this work, species richness can be in- study was obtained from the Ethics committee of Hospi- terpreted as the richness of species locally exploited) of tal Lauro Wanderley (protocol number: CEP/HULW nº samples by determination of the Chao2 index (Colwell 103/10). and Coddington 1994). This index has been used in pre- Fig. 1. Location of the municipality of Pocinhos (Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil), where the study was conducted. Amphib. Reptile Conserv. | amphibian-reptile-conservation.org (25) July 2014 | Volume 8 | Number 1 | e78 Ethnoherpetology of the Caatinga region of Brazil vious ethnozoological studies (Ferreira et al. 2012; Souto were cited for their utilization as food (n = 7 species), et al. 2011; Whiting et al. 2011). where lizards were the principal group cited for this pur- The non-parametric estimator Chao2 (Chao 1987) is pose, mainly the White tegu (Salvator merianae, Du- calculated by the following formula: méril and Bibron 1839; Use-Value = 0.66). Other lizards reported as being used for food were the Green iguana (Iguana iguana, Linnaeus 1758) and the whiptail lizard (Ameivula ocellifera, Spix 1825), with the latter being rarely consumed, as it was cited by only two interview- ees. In relation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethnophycology
    Ethnophycology Patricia Marta Arenas Abstract Ethnophycology studies the interrelationships between man and aquatic autotrophs. Our approach is urban ethnophycology, where the algae become consumers at different stages of presentation (dehydrated, fragmented, ground, packaged, and sold in bulk) and often have lost the aspect that occurs in nature. These reasons, coupled with the lack of tradition in the consumption of seaweed, the preference of other foods, its high prices, the restricted to certain socioeconomic levels, the association unpleasant smells and textures, and the emerging legislation, determine fragmentary and partial knowledge, in which misconceptions with other successful are also combined. Marine ethnobiology is defi ned as the study of the uses, practices, knowledge, beliefs, and language that a given culture has on the marine biodiversity. More broadly, this discipline looks at the interaction between culture and marine biota (its marine environment alive). The variety of environments that covers could give rise to fi elds of study more specialized, such as the ethnophycology, ethnomalacol- ogy, ethnoornitology, and ethnoherpetology, among others (Thaman 1994 ). Particularly, the ethnophycology examines the interrelationships of people with the aquatic autotroph organisms , including algae and aquatic vascular plants (García-Quijano and Pitchon 2010 ). The fact of not adhering strictly to the algae corresponds to an emic perspective, according to which various organisms such as the aquatic plants are included in the same
    [Show full text]
  • Ioumal of Ethnobiology INDEX to KEY WORDS Volume I, Number 1 Through Volume 5, Number 2
    Winter 1985 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY 167 Ioumal of Ethnobiology INDEX TO KEY WORDS Volume I, Number 1 through Volume 5, Number 2. Editor's Note. In this compilation of key words, the number in bold face type immediately following an entry indicates the volume (1 through 5); the year the volume was published can be calculated by adding 1980 to the volume number, thus volume 5 was published in 1985. The pages within a volume run continuously, eliminating the need to give the numberwithin a volume. Since this is an abridged index and since key words are often implicit as concepts on pages in addition to those on which they actually appear, I decided to give pages numbers of the entire paper rather than specific pages of index entries as is usual with more comprehensive treatments. For the most part, authors selected the key words for inclusion in this index. In those few instances where authors did not respond, selections were made by the editorial staff. I am grateful to Maria Romero, editorial assistant, for assistance with this compilation. Reprints of this index are available at a cost of U.s. $2.00 from the Secretary/Treasurer (for the address see the inside front cover of this issue or the most recent issue in the future). Make checks payable to Journal of Ethnobiology. A Aminoacid profiles in edible insects, 4: Aborigines, Australian, 2:63-77. 61-72. Acacia, Anadenanthera peregrina, 2:144­ Amphibians, 2:39-61. 153. Anadenanthera peregrina, Acacia, 2:144- Adams, E. Charles, (with Gasser R.), 153. Aspects of deterioration of plant Anasazi, 4:191-200.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Ethnobiology and the Science of Humankind 1St Edition
    ETHNOBIOLOGY AND THE SCIENCE OF HUMANKIND 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Ellen | 9781405145893 | | | | | Ethnozoology Seguin, Brush, Stephen B. Updating Results. Traditional ecological knowledge and wisdom of Aboriginal peoples in British Columbia. In the People and Plants Conservation Series. Hersch-Martinez, Paul. Clavelle, L. Randall, Robert A. Pacific Conservation Biology 2 1 Ford, Richard I. Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication. If you wish to place a tax exempt order please contact us. American Anthropologist Medin, Douglas L. Pacific Conservation Biology Cruikshank, J. Trickle-down theory, Andean Style. Nadasdy, Paul. Sorry, this product is currently out of stock. Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples. Winterhalder, Bruce, and Eric Alden Smith, eds. Yanesha agriculture in the Upper Peruvian Amazon: Persistence and change fifteen years down the "road. Imprint: Academic Press. Biologists have been interested in local biological knowledge since the time Europeans started colonising the world, from the 15th century onwards. Sandor, and Jeffrey A. Mhoro, Pius Sanaya, and Ebi K. Learning as you journey: Anishinaabe perception of social-ecological environments and adaptive learning. The Raven's Tail. For regional delivery times, please check When will I Ethnobiology and the Science of Humankind 1st edition my book? Handbook of North American Indians. Ethnobiology In a broader context, ethnozoology, and its companion discipline, ethnobotany, form part of the larger body of the science of ethnobiology. He coordinates projects on hunting and uses of wildlife in Brazil. Architecture landscape sustainable Ecopsychology Engineering ecological environmental Green criminology Health environmental epidemiology occupational public Management environmental fisheries forest natural resource waste Planning environmental land use regional spatial urban Policy energy environmental.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish-Based Remedies in Spanish Ethnomedicine: a Review from a Historical Perspective José Ramón Vallejo1* and José Antonio González2
    Vallejo and González Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2014, 10:37 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/37 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE REVIEW Open Access Fish-based remedies in Spanish ethnomedicine: a review from a historical perspective José Ramón Vallejo1* and José Antonio González2 Abstract Background: Fish-based therapeutics is fundamentally based on a dietary use, but these vertebrates have also been employed in the treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases, during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum and to deal with diseases of the different systems. Methods: An overview of the ethnomedical and historical Spanish literature has been carried out. Automated searches in the most important national and international databases have been performed. All related works have been thorough examined. Results: We examine the historical use of 54 medicinal fish species, 48 marine and six from inland waters. As useful, in Ancient times 39 species have been recorded (of which only 21 have been collected in subsequent periods), seven in the Middle Ages, 18 in Modern times and 17 in the contemporary period. Anguilla anguilla, Engraulis encrasicolus or Scyliorhinus canicula are species that have survived over time as an ingredient in Spanish folk remedies. Most remedies used in the last century and currently are empirical remedies based on the humorism theory and the principle of contraria contrariis curantur (74%), and the rest (26%) are magical type remedies that complete the popular therapeutic arsenal. Conclusions: In the last century we find a progressive decrease in the number of fish species used in ethnomedicine. Only seven taxa have been documented as surviving therapeutic resources since centuries ago.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACTS of PRESENTATIONS at the 18Th Annual Conference of the Society of Ethnobiology Arizona State Museum, the University of Arizona 15-19 March 1995
    /. Ethnobiol. 15(2):287-310 Winter 1995 ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTATIONS at the 18th Annual Conference of the Society of Ethnobiology Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona 15-19 March 1995 How does ourAgave grow? Karen R. ADAMS, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center; and Rex K. ADAMS, University of Arizona. Agave murpheyi is considered a likely candidate for cultivation by ancient Salado and Hohokam groups in Arizona. The reasons for this will be reviewed. A slide presentation will illustrate the growth and development of 359 bulbils (miniature agaves) on the flower­ ing stalk ofa single mother plant from spring 1993 through late summer 1994. Some successes and failures of indigenous management in a Maya town: E. N. ANDER~ SON, University of California, Riverside. Chunhuhub, Quintana Roo, Mexico, is a Maya town that has grown up in the last fifty years from what was old-growth forest. In that time, it has lost the larger and rarer species of wildlife. Other species are no longer found in the central, inhabited area. Forests have been altered. On the other hand, the ejido [farming cooperative] is still primarily forest, rich in plant and animal species. The edible corm plant Dichelostemma capitatum: A study of its vegetative reproduction response to different indigenous harvesting regimes: M. Kat ANDERSON, University of Kansas. Blue dicks (Dichelostemma capitatum) was the most widely eaten underground swollen stem by California Indian tribes historically. It is still harvested today with a digging stick bya few native people ofdifferent cultural groups. Native Americans sometimes assert that the removal of underground plant parts can stimulate bulb and corm production, main­ taining or increasing the population abundance and density and the size of the tract.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Use of Ethno- Zoology in the Well- Being of Human: a Review
    International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X THERAPEUTIC USE OF ETHNO- ZOOLOGY IN THE WELL- BEING OF HUMAN: A REVIEW Sushmita Shrivastava* and Rajesh Singh Tomar Amity Institute of Biorechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh *[email protected] Abstract: Plants and animals are the basic biotic components of nature. Both are important and keep equal balance in the environment. Well being of all the components is must for the sustainability of nature and medicines play crucial role in the treatment of various diseases and make them compatible with environment. Plants from the long time had been widely utilized by the people for medicines. Like them, animals also keep unique place in the therapeutic world. They had been used by our tribal and aboriginals not only as food but also for medicinal purposes to treat several ailments and disorders. This knowledge regarding use of animals for curative purposes had been found to limited among few individuals of society, which needs to scattered and flourished. Documentation and systematization of such information is must for its survival and future existence. Ethnozoology is a branch of ethnobiology which deals with relationship among animals and humans. The present review is an effort to provide knowledge about traditional use of animals in the form of curatives for the benefit of mankind. Keywords: Animals, ethnozoology, therapeutic, traditional, mankind. Introduction: Ethnobiology is the science of relationship among plants, animals and human beings. It is an ancient branch deals with traditional knowledge. Ethnobotany and Ethnozoology are the sub branches of ethnobiology, which particularly deals with people’s belief, faith and knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnoscience a Bridge to Back to Nature
    E3S Web of Conferences 249, 01002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124901002 CSS2020 Ethnoscience A Bridge To Back To Nature 1* Heddy S. A. Putra 1Faculty of Humanities, Department of Anthropology, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract. Ethnoscience is a paradigm emerged in anthropology in mid-1950s, as a further result of the attempts made by some American anthropologists to redefine the concept of culture that will be in line with the new model they adopt for their study and description of culture that is descriptive phonology. For ethnoscientists culture is not a material or behavioural phenomenon. It is an ideational phenomenon. In Goode-nough’s word, “culture is not a material phenomenon; it does not consist of things, people, behavior or emotions. It is rather the organization of these things. It is the forms of things that people have in mind, their models for perceiving, relating and otherwise interpreting them as such..” (1964: 36). Culture is thus a system of knowledge. The culture of a people is their ethnoscience (ethnos = people; scientia = knowledge). Since culture is a very broad category, no anthropologist can do research on a peo-ple’s culture as a whole. He can only investigate and describe some parts of it. Thus, Harold Conklin (1954) focussed his research among the Hanunoo in the Phillippines on their knowledge about their environment, or their ethnoecology. Even then, ethnoecology is still a very broad category, for it encompasses flora, fauna and other material inanimate objects. Later ethnoscience researchers pay their attention to smaller parts of the phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnozoology: a Brief Introduction
    REVIEW Ethnobiology and Conservation 2015, 4:1 (26 January 2015) doi:10.15451/ec2015-1-4.1-1-13 ISSN 2238-4782 ethnobioconservation.com Ethnozoology: A Brief Introduction Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves1* and Wedson Medeiros Silva Souto2 ABSTRACT Connections between animals and humans date back thousands of years, and cultures all over the world have developed characteristic ways of interacting with the regional fauna over time. Human communities have accumulated a huge store of knowledge about animals through the centuries (passed from generation to generation, largely through oral traditions) that is closely integrated with many other cultural aspects, and this zoological knowledge is an important part of our human cultural heritage. The variety of interactions (both past and present) that human cultures maintain with animals is the subject matter of Ethnozoology, a discipline that has its roots as deep within the past as the first relationships between humans and other animals. Within this context, ethnozoology can be viewed as a discipline that examines the historical, economic, sociological, anthropological and environmental aspects of the relationships between humans and animals. These studies can aid in the evaluation of the impacts human populations have on native animal species and in the development of sustainable management plans - and are thus fundamental to conservation efforts. Additionally, popular knowledge about the regional fauna can be important to academic research projects and offers the possibility of significant savings
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Use and Perception of Snakes by the Nahuas from Cuetzalan Del Progreso, Puebla, Mexico
    García-López et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2017) 13:6 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0134-7 RESEARCH Open Access Traditional use and perception of snakes by the Nahuas from Cuetzalan del Progreso, Puebla, Mexico Romina García-López1, Alejandro Villegas1,2, Noé Pacheco-Coronel1 and Graciela Gómez-Álvarez1* Abstract Background: Indigenous cultures are the result of their adaptation to the natural surroundings, in such a way that, amongst their main features is a set of knowledge, technologies and strategies for the appropriation of nature. In Cuetzalan del Progreso, Puebla, Mexico snakes represent 71.1% of the total local herpetofauna; and in addition to this, different groups of Nahuas have shown to have information of their use of various snake species in many ways. This study was conducted to investigate the traditional uses of snakes in this cultural group. Methods: Formal and informal interviews were conducted with the inhabitants of the communities. During these interviews, 30 images of the different species of snakes present in the area were presented to the subjects, so that they would recognize them and reveal information about the knowledge they possess on them. A usage analysis was applied to each species considering the following categories: food purposes, medicinal, artisanal and magical- religious. Likewise, the frequency, the diversity and the value of use was estimated for these snakes. Results: A total of 51 interviews were carried out. The individuals recognized 18 out of 30 images of snakes that were presented. The total of usage categories was five; we found that the magic-religious use was the most mentioned by 32 personas.
    [Show full text]
  • Size, 14.3 MB
    Published in the United States of America 2014 • VOLUME 8 • NUMBER 1 AMPHIBIAN & REPTILE CONSERVATION ECUADOR amphibian-reptile-conservation.org ISSN: 1083-446X eISSN: 1525-9153 Board of Directors Craig Hassapakis Howard Clark, Jr. Adel Ibrahim ARC: Editor, Publisher, and Chairman of the Board ARC: Treasurer & Associate Editor; Suez University, EGYPT of Directors, USA Garcia and Associates, USA Franco Andreone Bruce Waldman Ted R. Kahn Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, ITALY Seoul National University, KOREA Neotropical Conservation Foundation, USA Madhava Meegaskumbura Peter Uetz Indraneil Das University of Peradeniya, SRI LANKA Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, MALAYSIA Michael Hutchins Walter R. Erdelen former Director/William Conway Chair, Department of Conservation and former Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences of the United Nations Science, American Zoo and Aquarium Association [1990–2005] and former Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); FRANCE Executive Director/CEO, The Wildlife Society [2005–2012], USA Editor Craig Hassapakis Utah Valley University, USA Africa Issue Bill Branch Port Elizabeth Museum, SOUTH AFRICA Associate Editors Erik Wild Howard Clark, Jr. Raul Diaz Belo Horizonte, BRAZIL Garcia and Associates, USA La Sierra University, USA Mayra Oyervides Bill Branch The University of Texas-Pan American, USA Port Elizabeth Museum, SOUTH AFRICA Copy Editor Ruthe Smith California, USA Editorial Board C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr. Franco Andreone Bruce Waldman University
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download Songbirds, Truffles, and Wolves : An
    SONGBIRDS, TRUFFLES, AND WOLVES : AN AMERICAN NATURALIST IN ITALY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Gary Paul Nabhan | 256 pages | 01 Dec 1994 | Penguin Putnam Inc | 9780140239720 | English | New York, NY, United States Songbirds, Truffles, and Wolves : An American Naturalist in Italy PDF Book Travelling the path of St Francis of Assisi, reflections on the lost of nature and contact therewith. Uploaded by booksale-cataloger3 on September 27, Ethnoentomology Ethnoherpetology Ethnoichthyology Ethnolichenology Ethnoornithology Ethnoprimatology. We are experiencing technical difficulties. Create a Want BookSleuth Can't remember the title or the author of a book? How long it takes us poor mortals to heal! May 23, Denise rated it liked it. Additional Adaptations Against Predation. Be the first to ask a question about Songbirds, Truffles, and Wolves. The Geography of Childhood draws insights from fields as various as evolutionary biology, child psychology, education, and ethnography. Jun 26, Jennifer rated it it was ok. Please sign up to continue. Francis from Florence to Assisi. Accompanied by a friend, Nabhan enters the heart of the Tuscan and Umbrian countryside in order to read the landscape as one reads a sacred book, slowly and with growing delight. Sign in using your Kirkus account Sign in Keep me logged in. Home Range and Homing. Dan Cameron. A seed botanist, this is an account of travel in Italy to find out about St. Page Count: Publisher: Macmillan. Inspired by Your Browsing History. Refresh and try again. Here is a final word for you, Mr. The book urges adults to rethink our children's contact with nature. I liked the information, the asides about this and that, but felt that he was writing with a bit of a sad veil over him.
    [Show full text]
  • Formal Education, Previous Interaction and Perception Influence the Attitudes of People Toward the Conservation of Snakes In
    Formal education, previous interaction and perception influence the attitudes of people toward the conservation of snakes in a large urban center of northeastern Brazil Pinheiro et al. Pinheiro et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:25 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0096-9 Pinheiro et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:25 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0096-9 RESEARCH Open Access Formal education, previous interaction and perception influence the attitudes of people toward the conservation of snakes in a large urban center of northeastern Brazil Luan Tavares Pinheiro1,2*, João Fabrício Mota Rodrigues1,3 and Diva Maria Borges-Nojosa1 Abstract Background: The attitudes and perceptions of people toward animals are influenced by sociodemographic factors, such as formal education and gender, and by personal experience. Understanding these interactions is critical for the establishment of conservation strategies for animals that have conflictual relationships with humans, such as snakes. Our study aims to explain how perceptions and the human fear of snakes vary and are influenced by formal education and gender. In addition, it aims to show how prior interaction with these animals influence these perceptions and the human fear toward snakes and how these perceptions and fear influence the importance of conservation of these animals. Methods: We collected data from June 2010 to December 2013 using questionnaires given to 1142 visitors of a scientific serpentarium (Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará) in the municipality of Fortaleza, northeastern Brazil. Results and Discussion: Negative perceptions toward snakes were less frequent according to an increase in levels of schooling.
    [Show full text]