The Creation and Transmission of Justinian's Novels*
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The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century. -
Byzantina Symmeikta
Byzantina Symmeikta Vol. 26, 2016 Social Group Profiles in Byzantium: Some Considerations on Byzantine Perceptions about Social Class Distinctions RAGIA Efi IBR/IHR/NHRF, THE GREEK OPEN UNIVERSITY https://doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.1213 Copyright © 2016 To cite this article: RAGIA, E. (2016). Social Group Profiles in Byzantium: Some Considerations on Byzantine Perceptions about Social Class Distinctions. Byzantina Symmeikta, 26(2), 309-372. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.1213 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/09/2021 13:54:36 | INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH ΙΝΣΤΙΤΟΥΤΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ SECTION OF BYZANTINE RESEARCH ΤΟΜΕΑΣ ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΝΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ NATIONAL HELLENIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION ΕΘΝΙΚΟ IΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ EFI RAGIA EFI RAGIA THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION OFS OCIALTHE B YZANGROUPTIN PER OFILEMPIERES IN ( CABYZAN 600-1200):TIUM: SOMI.1.E C TONSIDHE APOERTAHTEIONSKAI OF ON A SIABYZAN MINOTRIN (7E TPHER-8CTHEP CT.)IONS ABOUT SOCIAL CLASS DISTINCTIONS ΑΘΗΝΑ • 20092016 • ATHENS http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/09/2021 13:54:36 | EFI RAGIA SOCIAL GROUP PROFILES IN BYZANTIUM: SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON BYZANTINE PERCEPTIONS Αbout Social claSS DiStinctionS* The social history of Byzantium is a relatively recent research field. This estimate is formed not because there are no studies that can be qualified as par excellence “social”, or that concern particular aspects of the social evolution of Byzantium, but because most of them are not invested with a theoretical context -
Studia Translatorica Vol. 10
DOI: 10.23817/strans.10-28 Diana Cărburean Independent researcher/ Romania The Byzantine legal standard transposition strategies into the Romanian regulatory texts of the 17th century Abstract The Byzantine legal standard transposition strategies into the Romanian regulatory texts of the 17th century Unlike the Canon law texts available in the Romanian principalities – Moldavia and Wal- lachia – falling under the Slavic influence, the first legal acts which are subscribed to the secular law and which appear in 1646 [Carte Românească de Învățătură (en. Romanian Book of Learning) or Pravila lui Vasile Lupu (en. Vasile Lupu’s Code of Laws)] and in 1652 [Îndrep- tarea legii (en. The Law’s Rectification) orPravila lui Matei Basarab (en. Matei Basarab’s Code of Laws)] fall under the Greek-Byzantine influence. The present article aims to provide some information regarding the translation mechanisms applied by the Moldavian and Wallachian scholars of the 17th century who aimed at transposing the Byzantine Legal Standard to the everyday life of the two above mentioned Romanian principalities by means of fundamental procedures, such as “analysis (with the underlying meaning determination), transfer, restruc- turing, and testing” (Nida, 2004: 85) of the source message. The most precious information related to the translation process of those times is provided by the cases of untranslatability generated by the legal and terminological gap between the Receiver and the Transmitter. The identification and classification of these cases, but also the highlighting of the solutions the translator found to solve them, represent important steps in understanding the equivalenting process of two unequal legal systems that took place centuries ago in Eastern Europe, as illus- trated by the case of the two Romanian principalities and the Greek-Byzantine one. -
A Study of the Levantine Agricultural Economy (1St-8Th C. AD)
Society and economy in marginal zones: a study of the Levantine agricultural economy (1st-8th c. AD) Andrea Zerbini Department of Classics and Philosophy Royal Holloway University of London PhD in Classics 1 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the social and economic structures that characterised settlement in ecologically marginal regions in the Roman to early-Arab Levant (1st-8th c. AD). Findings show that, far from being self-sufficient, the economy of marginal zones relied heavily on surplus production aimed at marketing. The connection of these regions to large-scale commercial networks is also confirmed by ceramic findings. The thesis is structured in four main parts. The first outlines the main debates and research trends in the study of ancient agrarian society and economy. Part II comprises a survey of the available evidence for settlement patterns in two marginal regions of the Roman Near East: the Golan Heights, the jebel al-cArab. It also includes a small- scale test study that concentrates on the long-term development of the hinterland of Sic, a hilltop village in the jebel al-cArab, which housed one of the most important regional sanctuaries in the pre-Roman and Roman period. Parts III and IV contain the core the thesis and concentrate on the Limestone Massif of northern Syria, a region located between the cities of Antioch, Aleppo (Beroia) and Apamea. Following settlement development from the 2nd c. BC to the 12 c. AD, these sections provide a comprehensive assessment of how a village society developed out of semi-nomadic groups (largely through endogenous transformations) and was able to attain great prosperity in Late Antiquity. -
Impact of the Justinian Code on Byzantine Society
Danya Bubar Context Under Consideration: Byzantium 1. Hypothesis: The Justinian Code did not impact his Byzantine society. 2. Sources / Limitations of study Brownworth, L. (2007). 12 Byzantine Rulers: The History of the Byzantine Empire. [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.12byzantinerulers.com/rss.xml. Cameron, Averil. (2006). The Byzantines. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. Canning, J. (1996). History of Medieval Political Thought, 300-1450. London, GBR: Routledge. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com.proxy.hil.unb.ca/lib/unblib/doc?id=10058158&ppg =23. Evans, J. A. S. (2000). Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power. London, GBR: Routledge. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com.proxy.hil.unb.ca/lib/unblib/doc?id=100 70712&ppg=23. Gibbon, E . (2001). Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Volume IV. London, GBR: ElecBook, 2001. p lxxiii. http://site.ebrary.com.proxy.hil.unb.ca/lib/unblib/doc? id=2001727&ppg=73. Gigantès, P. (2002). The Secret History of Rulers of the World. London: Magpie Books. Nicol, D. M. (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of the Byzantine Empire. London: Seaby. Stein, P. (1999). Roman Law in European History. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press http://site.ebrary.com.proxy.hil.unb.ca/lib/unblib/doc?id=10014895 &ppg=43. Tellegen-Couperus, O. (1993). Short History of Roman Law. London, GBR: Routledge, Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com.proxy.hil.unb.ca/lib/unblib/doc?id=10060619 &ppg=153. Venning, T. (2006). A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire. Great Britain: Palmgrave MacMillian. Limitations of these sources may lie within the authors’ observations of the historical contexts being discusses; this may suggest the presence of author bias, given that the information provided is subjective to their interpretation. -
Introduction to Justinian's Novels in 529 A.D., in Order to Harmonize and Simplify Centuries of Roman Law, Emperor Justinian O
Introduction to Justinian’s Novels In 529 A.D., in order to harmonize and simplify centuries of Roman law, Emperor Justinian ordered the codification that became known as the Codex Iustinianus—the Code of Justinian. However, in the next few years he created many additional laws, and in 534 he incorporated these into a second edition of his Code that superseded the first. Only this second edition survives. (Click here for Justice Blume’s annotated, English translation of the Code.) After 534, throughout the remaining years of his long reign (527-565), Justinian continued to issue laws to meet changing circumstances. These new “constitutions” —Novellae constitutiones, or Novels—never were compiled officially. Private manuscript collections were made of them in the East, though, and these collections appeared later in the West. Starting in the Renaissance, and continuing into the 20th century, scholars made critical editions of the Novels that incorporated elements from the three major collections and from other manuscripts, as they were discovered. (For a detailed history of the transmission process and the various compilations, see The Creation and Transmission of Justinian’s Novels at the Novels’ History link on this web site.) In making the English translation set out here, Justice Fred H. Blume used the Latin version established in the best-regarded critical edition of the Novels—that of Schoell and Kroll, which is volume three in Mommsen, Kruger, Schoell and Kroll’s Corpus Juris Civilis.1 (Volume one contains the Digest and Institutes, volume two, the Code.) Schoell and Kroll’s now-standard edition follows the Greek Collection of 168 in adding a group of 13 Justinian edicts after the 168 novels proper. -
Canabtan Law Zimee
Ube Canabtan law zimee. VOL. XXX1II. OCTOBER, 1913. No. 10. THE INDEBTEDNESS OF MODERN JURISPRUD- ENCE TO MEDIEVAL ITALIAN LAW. How much the world owes to Italian genius and labours! For Italy is " the mother of us all." The lamp of civilization has been handed on from ]ome to modern nations by Italian runners. By Italy learning was re-established and the fine arts revived; Italy is truly called " the mother of universities and the saviour of learning." European commerce was ori- ginally revived by Italy, after the flood oT barbarian invasions of Europe had spent itself. By Italians Honan law was re- covered from antiquity, adapted for use iin later times, and forever implanted as a living force in our modern civilization. These grand achievemnents were accomplished by a people labouring under perhaps the worst political handicap known to history. For over thirteen centuries prior to 1.871 Italy never enjoyed any of the blessings of. a political union, and o was either a prey to foreign invaders or torn asunder b*y fratricidal wars. During these imany centuries Italy was but " a geographical expression "-to use Metteruich's illuminating description. Modern united Italy is very youthful Italy is not yet fifty years old.' The exuberancc of Italian patriotism in the recent war with Turkey bears witness to this youthful- ness of modern Italy, which so ardently rejoiced ill its oppor- tunity to display national power. The beginnings of Italian law-using the terni " Italian in its modern sense-start with the emergence of Italy as a separate country out of the fifth century ruins of the ]loman Empire of the West, finally extinguished in 476. -
THE JUSTINIAN CODE and ITS INFLUENCE (Justinian Ruled the Eastern Roman Empire 527 A.D - 565 A.D)
THE JUSTINIAN CODE AND ITS INFLUENCE (Justinian Ruled the Eastern Roman Empire 527 A.D - 565 A.D) The Justinian Code and Its Influence Laws make up the foundation of modern society, by clearly stating what is and isn’t allowed and provide a set of the punishments that coincide with the crime that was committed. One of Rome’s greatest achievements was their judicial system. However, as the Roman Empire expanded they became weak and were unable to maintain their borders. This ultimately led to the collapse of the Roman Empire and it was divided into the Eastern and Western Roman Empire. Like its former self the Western Empire also collapsed and all that remained was the Eastern Empire. As the Empires collapsed so did the legal system, after many years of corrupt officials making laws and the numerous controversial rulings by the roman court system, the once proud and magnificent Roman law was left in shambles. Emperor Justinian I was the ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire, or the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Justinian saw the condition that the Roman law was in and set out to reform the Roman legal system by creating his own set of laws and interpretations based on the old roman laws. The purpose of these sets of laws was to create a universal set of laws that all of the Byzantine Empire could follow, and was given presidence over any local laws, preventing any contradictions in court rulings. This set of laws would be known as Corpus Juris Civilis, which translates to “Body of Civil Law” and would also be known as the Justinian Code. -
On the Application of Byzantine Law in Modern Bessarabia А
2021 ВЕСТНИК САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА Т. 12. Вып. 1 ПРАВО ПРАВОВАЯ ЖИЗНЬ: НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЯ, КОММЕНТАРИИ И ОБЗОРЫ UDC 340.154:34.01 On the application of Byzantine law in modern Bessarabia А. D. Rudokvas, A. A. Novikov St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation For citation: Rudokvas, Anton D., Andrej A. Novikov. 2021. “On the application of Byzantine law in modern Bessarabia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 205–223. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2021.114 The article describes the application of Byzantine law in the region of Bessarabia which formed part of the Russian Empire from the early 19th century until 1917. The empire allowed the lo- cal population to apply their local laws for the regulation of their civil law relations. Due to historical reasons, these local laws were identified with the law of the Byzantine Empire which had already disappeared in 1453. The authors of the article provide a general description of the sources of Bessarabian law and then turn to case study research regarding the jurispru- dence of courts on the issues of the Law of Succession in Bessarabia. They demonstrate that in interpreting the provisions of the law applicable, Russian lawyers often referred to Roman law as a doctrinal background of Byzantine law. Furthermore, they did not hesitate to identify Roman law with Pandect law. Even though the doctrine of the Law of Pandects had been cre- ated in Germany on the basis of Roman law texts, it was far from the content of the original law of the Ancient Roman Empire. -
Iconoclasm: a Christian Dilemma
ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY By STEPHEN CHARLES STEACY •• Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1969 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1978 ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY Thesis Approved: '. ~- Dean of the Graduate College 1019541 ii P~F~E This thesis is concerned with Iconoclasm, the religious upheaval which troubled the Byzantine conscience for over a century. There have been numerous theories adduced by his torians to account for this phenomenon. It is the purpose of this study to view the varying interpretations, analyze their shortcomings, and to put forth a different view of the controversy, one that more adequately expresses the deeply rooted religious nature of the movement, a movement not only of the eighth and ninth centuries but an idea which was nurtured in fertile soil of the Old Testament and Apostolic Christianity. The author wishes to express heartfelt appreciation to his thesis adviser, Dr. George Jewsbury, whose unflagging solicitude, support, and inspiration were instrumental in the preparation of this work. A note of thanks is given to Mrs. Karen Hoyer, whose typing expertise, in the final analysis, made the difference between success and failure. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 1 II. THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES OF THE CONTROVERSY. • • . • . • • . • . 13 Genesis of the Cult of Icons .•.• 13 The Scriptures as the Foundation of Iconoclasm. 26 Precursors of ·the Iconoclast Movement . 30 Origen . 31 Eusebius . -
Paths of Western Law After Justinian
Pace University DigitalCommons@Pace Pace Law Faculty Publications School of Law January 2006 Paths of Western Law After Justinian M. Stuart Madden Pace Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty Recommended Citation Madden, M. Stuart, "Paths of Western Law After Justinian" (2006). Pace Law Faculty Publications. 130. https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/130 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. M. Stuart add en^ Preparation of the Code of Justinian, one part of a three-part presentation of Roman law published over the three-year period from 533 -535 A.D, had not been stymied by the occupation of Rome by the Rugians and the Ostrogoths. In most ways these occupations worked no material hardship on the empire, either militarily or civilly. The occupying Goths and their Roman counterparts developed symbiotic legal and social relationships, and in several instances, the new Germanic rulers sought and received approval of their rule both from the Western Empire, seated in Constantinople, and the Pope. Rugian Odoacer and Ostrogoth Theodoric each, in fact, claimed respect for Roman law, and the latter ruler held the Roman title patricius et magister rnilitum. In sum, the Rugians and the Ostrogoths were content to absorb much of Roman law, and to work only such modifications as were propitious in the light of centuries of Gothic customary law. -
The Byzantine State and the Dynatoi
The Byzantine State and the Dynatoi A struggle for supremacy 867 - 1071 J.J.P. Vrijaldenhoven S0921084 Van Speijkstraat 76-II 2518 GE ’s Gravenhage Tel.: 0628204223 E-mail: [email protected] Master Thesis Europe 1000 - 1800 Prof. Dr. P. Stephenson and Prof. Dr. P.C.M. Hoppenbrouwers History University of Leiden 30-07-2014 CONTENTS GLOSSARY 2 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 1 THE FIRST STRUGGLE OF THE DYNATOI AND THE STATE 867 – 959 16 STATE 18 Novel (A) of Leo VI 894 – 912 18 Novels (B and C) of Romanos I Lekapenos 922/928 and 934 19 Novels (D, E and G) of Constantine VII Porphyrogenetos 947 - 959 22 CHURCH 24 ARISTOCRACY 27 CONCLUSION 30 CHAPTER 2 LAND OWNERSHIP IN THE PERIOD OF THE WARRIOR EMPERORS 959 - 1025 32 STATE 34 Novel (F) of Romanos II 959 – 963. 34 Novels (H, J, K, L and M) of Nikephoros II Phokas 963 – 969. 34 Novels (N and O) of Basil II 988 – 996 37 CHURCH 42 ARISTOCRACY 45 CONCLUSION 49 CHAPTER 3 THE CHANGING STATE AND THE DYNATOI 1025 – 1071 51 STATE 53 CHURCH 60 ARISTOCRACY 64 Land register of Thebes 65 CONCLUSION 68 CONCLUSION 70 APPENDIX I BYZANTINE EMPERORS 867 - 1081 76 APPENDIX II MAPS 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY 82 1 Glossary Aerikon A judicial fine later changed into a cash payment. Allelengyon Collective responsibility of a tax unit to pay each other’s taxes. Anagraphis / Anagrapheus Fiscal official, or imperial tax assessor, who held a role similar as the epoptes. Their major function was the revision of the tax cadastre. It is implied that they measured land and on imperial order could confiscate lands.