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Home , Codex Gregorianus, Codex Hermogenianus, Codex Theodosianus, Corpus Juris Civilis, Samuel Parsons Scott

College of William & Mary School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository

Library Staff ubP lications The oW lf Law Library

2015 The orC pus Juris Civilis Frederick W. Dingledy William & Mary Law School, [email protected]

Repository Citation Dingledy, Frederick W., "The orC pus Juris Civilis" (2015). Library Staff Publications. 118. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/libpubs/118

Copyright c 2015 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/libpubs The

by Fred Dingledy Senior Reference Librarian College of William & Mary Law School for Law Library of Louisiana and Supreme of Louisiana Historical Society New Orleans, LA – November 12, 2015

What we’ll cover

’History and Components of the Corpus Juris Civilis ’Relevance of the Corpus Juris Civilis ’Researching the Corpus Juris Civilis (r. 284-305) Theodosius II (r. 408-450) (ca. 291) {{ (438) (295)

Previously… in 500 Emperor (r. 527-565)

“Arms and have always flourished by the reciprocal help of each other.”

528: Justinian appoints Codex commission Imperial constitutiones I: Ecclesiastical, legal system, admin II-VIII: Private IX: Criminal X-XII: Public 529: Codex first ed. {{Codex Liber Theodora (500-548) 530: commission 532: Nika (Victory) Riots Digest : Writings by jurists I: Public “Appalling II-XLVII: Private arrangement” XLVIII: Criminal --Alan XLIX: Appeals + Treasury Watson L: Municipal, specialties, definitions 533: Digest/Pandects First-year legal textbook I: Persons II: Things III: Obligations IV: Actions 533: Justinian’s Institutes 533: Reform of Byzantine legal education

First year: Institutes

Digest & Novels

Fifth year: Codex The Novels (novellae constitutiones): { Justinian’s constitutiones

534: Codex 2nd ed. 565: Justinian dies Justinian’s Empire in 555 Byzantine Empire in 717 Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, of Cluny, and Matilda of Canossa

The medieval revival 1583: Dionysius Gothofredus, Corpus Juris Civilis 1753: George Harris, The Four Books of Justinian’s Institutions The 19th-century critical editions

Theodor Mommsen: Digest (1870) {{Justinian’s Institutes Codex

Paul Krueger: Institutes (1867) and Codex (1877) {{Novels Wilhelm Kroll

Rudolf Schöll & Wilhelm Kroll: Novels (1895) Charles Henry Monro

1904: Partial English translation of Digest S.P. Scott

1932: English translation of CJC Alan Watson

1985: English translation of Digest Justice Fred H. Blume

ca. 1952: English translation of Codex and Novels {{France Germany

European influence {{Spain Italy

European Influence Bracton on the Laws and Customs of England “Secondly, Homonymiae , (as Justinian calleth them,) cases merely of iteration and repitition, { are to be purged away…”

Sir Francis Bacon, A Proposition to His Majesty “I am this Day about beginning Justinians Institutions with { Arnold Vinnius’s Notes.”

Diary of John Adams { Dawson v. Winslow, Wythe 114, 119 (1791) {

Idaho v. Coeur d’Alene Tribe of Idaho , 521 U.S. 261, 284 (1997) Modern U.S. references William C.C. Edward Claiborne Livingston Batiza: Code Napoleon : 709 provisions

Institutes : 27 provisions {

Digest : 16 provisions

Civil Code of 1808 Corpus Juris Civilis Batiza Pascal

Code Napoleon Las

Code of 1808 Louisiana Novel 115.3 of 1870, Art. 1621 La.La. Civil Civil Code. Code (current) (current)

Novel 115.3 Researching the CJC

"Classification was not a strength of Roman . It was a methodology that the Romans borrowed enthusiastically from the Greeks, but in which they generally proved to be relatively inept." - Andrew Borkowski & Paul du Plessis, Textbook on (3d ed.), 153. CJC research

’Secondary Sources ◊Borkowski’s Textbook on Roman Law ◊Cambridge Companion to Roman Law ’Justinian’s Institutes ◊Thomas or Sandars translation CJC Cite format (Edward Gibbon)

D 47.2.15.3

Paragraph/ Part of Section CJC Book Law Title

Older cites may only give Law+paragraph/section number Bluebook Style (Rule T2.34)

’ CODE JUST . 2.45.3 (Diocletian & 290/293). ’ DIG. 9.2.23 (Ulpian, Ad Edictum 18). ’ J. I NST . 2.23.1. ’ NOV . 15.1 (535) Online sources – Blume’s Code and Novels (U. of Wyoming) Online Sources – Watson’s Digest translation (Penn Press) Online sources – archive.org Online sources -- Hein Tables of Contents

’ Almost always present in print-first editions ’ Often English+ ’ Sometimes just English Indexes

’ Not in Monro’s or Watson’s Digest ’ Other print-first parts of CJC have them Pictures used

’ Slide 4: Diocletian. In Diocletian's Palace, Split, Croatia, Hrvatska by User Alecconnell, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diocletian_Bueste.JPG (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) ’ Slide 4: Bust of Byzantine Empreror Theodosius II (reigned 408–450 AD) photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosius_II_Louvre_Ma1036.jpg (Licensed under CC BY 2.5) ’ Slide 5: and its Empire: From the to the Downfall of the Empire by The Map as History. http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome12/12_03_founding_of_rome_downfall_empire.php ’ Slide 6: Justinian’s Head . from S. Vitale of Justinian and his Court. S. Vitale, . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I#/media/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 7: Tribonian bas-relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber , sculpture by Brenda Putnam, photo by Architect of the Capitol, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tribonian_bas- relief_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_chamber.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 9: Selected Virginia legal titles including Daniel Call's copy of George Wythe's Decisions of Cases in Virginia by the High Court of Chancery (1795). http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:RarebooksWithWytheDecisionsOfCases.jpg ’ Slide 9: Byzantine liturgical parchement scroll, 13th century. Exhibited in the Byzantine and Christian Museum in Athens. Picture by Giovanni Dall'Orto, November 12, 2009 . https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2049_- _Byzantine_Museum,_Athens_-_Parchement_scroll,_13th_century_- _Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_12.jpg Pictures used (cont.)

’ Slide 10: Winner of a Roman chariot race by unknown, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winner_of_a_Roman_chariot_race.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 10: Theodora. Detail from the 6th-century mosaic "Empress Theodora and Her Court" in the in Ravenna photo by The Yorck Project. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_008.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 15: The Eastern (red) and its vassals (pink) in 555 AD during the reign of Justinian I by user Tataryn77, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justinian555AD.png (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) ’ Slide 16: Byzantine Empire in 717 A.D. by users Amonixinator and Hoodinski, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ByzantineEmpire717%2Bextrainfo%2Bthemes.svg (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) ’ Slide 17: Life of the Countess Matilda of Canossa by unknown miniaturist, Italian (active 1160s). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:12th-century_painters_- _Life_of_the_Countess_Matilda_of_Canossa_-_WGA15961.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 18: Half-title from volume one of Corpus Juris Civilis. From William & Mary Law Library, user Lktesar. (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:CorpusJurisCivilis1663v1HalfTitle.jpg ’ Slide 19: Title page for D. Justiniani Institutionum Libri Quator, The Four Books of Justinian's Institutions . http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:DJustinianiInstitutionum1761.jpg ’ Slide 20: in 1863 by Louis Jacoby. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen?oldformat=true#/media/File:Theodor_Mommsen_02.j pg (Public Domain) Pictures used (cont.)

’ Slide 21: Wilhelm Kroll by anonymous. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Kroll.jpg ’ Slide 24: by unknown. http://romanlegaltradition.org/blog/index.php?post/2014/11/02/S.-P.-Scott%2C-translator-of-The-Civil-Law ’ Slide 25: Professor Alan Watson by user Soloviev1, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alan_watson_scholar.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 26: From “About Fred H. Blume and the Annotated Justinian Code,” http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/ ’ Slide 27: Frontispiece from Volume One of The Works of Francis Bacon , http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:BaconWorks1740v1Frontispiece.jpg ’ Slide 31: A Painting of President John Adams by Asher B. Durand. Released by U.S. Navy. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_031029-N-6236G- 001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_(1735- 1826),_2nd_president_of_the_United_States,_by_Asher_B._Durand_(1767-1845)-crop.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 32: Portrait of George Wythe by David Silvette. http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:SilvetteWythe1979.jpg ’ Slide 34: William C. C. Claiborne, Governor of Louisiana . Author unknown. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_C_C_Claiborne_rectangleLAState.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 34: Edward Livingston (1764 - 1836) of New York, USA (picture about 1823). Library of Congress. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Livingston_of_New_York.jpg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 36: Flag of France . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg (Public Domain) ’ Slide 36: Flag of Spain . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg (Public Domain) With thanks to Michael Umberger for his help.