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018 Paleontología de Vertebrados y Humana

Homo Pleistoceno medio Europa

www.aragosaurus.com

PALEONTOLOGÍA DE VERTEBRADOS Y
HUMANA (PAVYH ULTIMO AÑO
LICENCIATURA GEOLOGÍA 2012-2013)
UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA

PROFESORES: GLORIA CUENCA

JOSÉ IGNACIO CANUDO
JARA PARRILLA
DIEGO CASTANERA
VICTOR SAUQUÉ

“Miguelón” de la Sima de los Huesos

Homo heidelbergensis está descrito a partir de

una mandíbula del Cuaternario de Alemania. Sin embargo la mayor parte de su registro fósil proviene de la Sima de los Huesos en Atapuerca, con una antigüedad de unos 400.000 años. No

representa un ancestro directo de Homo sapiens

Cerebros grandes (1100 a 1390 cm³)
Gran abertura nasal

Altos (1,80m) y proporcionalmente muy pesados (más de 100Kg.)

Industria lítica de Modo 3
Dieta omnívora, con abundante carne y evidencias de caza

Conductas sociales de ayuda a miembros con problemas

Distribución de

Homo heidelbergensis

Vivió entre los 500.000 y los 180.000 (Glaciares e interglaciares) en Europa

Modo 3 Modo 2

Las especies fósiles de

Homo de

Europa

Modo 1

Homo neanderthalensis

Grandes arcos o torus supraorbitarios
Cráneos alargados y bajos, con la

cara proyectada hacia adelante

Cráneos de hasta 1750 cm³

Descendiente de Homo heildelbergensis que

aparecen por aislamiento geográfico en Europa

La altura es de 1,70 metros como máximo,

pero eran muy robustos

Robustez de los

neandertales

Hombre moderno
Neandertal

Un varón de 1,70 pesaría alrededor de 85 kg ,por su robustez y no por su obesidad

18 17 16
TD11

TD10
15

Modo 2/3

14 13

Modo 2

12 11 10
TD8 TD7 TD6

Modo 1

TD5 TD3/4

TD2

TD1
0 m.

Variación en las frecuencias relativas en las asociaciones de micromamíferos a lo largo de la secuencia de Gran Dolina (modificado de Cuenca-Bescós et al., 2005).
Variacion del Índice de Diversidad de Shannon a lo largo de la secuencia de Gran Dolina (modificado de Cuenca-Bescós et al., 2011).

Trinchera Galería. Ocupación humana en Atapuerca desde los 400.000 a los 170.000 años

En Trinchera Dolina se han encontrado doce suelos de ocupación humana con abundante restos de vertebrados e industria lítica. Esto indica una ocupación bastante habitual de la cueva durante la parte alta del Pleistoceno Medio

La Sima de los Huesos es el único yacimiento que se encuentra fuera de la Trinchera. Se trata del punto más bajo del sistema cárstico de Atapuerca

Fue donde se encontró el primer resto de Homo de Atapuerca. Ha sido excavado por el equipo de Juan Luis Arsuaga durante más de de 20 años

El yacimiento es una pequeña cavidad con un relleno cárstico

formado fundamentalmente por restos de Ursus y de Homo

Galería

Los restos humanos son muy abundantes. Se han encontrado restos entre 28 y 32

individuos distintos. Están representadas todas las edades.
Se trata de la mayor colección de homínidos del Pleistoceno Medio del Mundo

Hay elementos anatómicos de todo el esqueleto en una excepcional conservación. Los restos del humano de la Sima de los

Huesos se han atribuido a Homo heilderbergensis. Se trata del ancestro de Homo neanderthalensis

Se han encontrado los huesos del oído. Lo que ha

permitido conocer que tenían la capacidad de oír entre
2 y 4 Mhz, tal y como lo hacen los humanos actuales

El enigma de como se produjo esta extraordinaria acumulación
¿Catastrófico?
¿Intencionado?

Excalibur, un extraordinario bifaz de tipo achelense sin marcas de uso

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Atapuerca 19

EIA > 4 FUNDACIÓN ATAPUERCA > 11 ANIMALES EXTINTOS > 7 INFORMACIÓN ÚTIL YACIMIENTOS HISTÓRICOS > 5 El Abric Romaní, EL MEGALOCERO NEWS IN ENGLISH 12 Divulgando Atapuerca ITINERARIO 14 L´Arago refugio de VISITAS neandertales de El mayor ciervo A LA SIERRA 14 El clan de los LOCALIZACIÓN 15 hace 50.000 años de la historia COMER Y DORMIR 15 heidelbergensis SABER MÁS 15 DIARIO DE LOS YACIMIENTOS DE LA SIERRA DE n#39 PRIMAVERA-VERANO- 2011 Atapuerca EJEMPLAR GRATUITO OPINIÓN > J. CARLOS DÍEZ FERNÁNDEZ- LOMANA Laboratorio de Prehistoria. Universidad de Burgos. Director del Diario de Atapuerca. Miembro del EIA LA TERCERA CULTURA rabajar en los 1>RETOCADOR. Fragmeto de hueso de 2>MARCAS. La utilización de estos retocadores 3>AL DETALLE. Muchas marcas se utilizado para modificar los filos de las lascas de experimentales genera toda una serie de marcas pueden observar a simple vista, sin embargo si yacimientos de cuarcita y de sílex durante la Prehistoria. En la (incisiones, estrías, fracturas, zonas de uso, etc.) que se las analizamos con una lupa, se perciben Atapuerca y ser imagen, retocador experimental de hueso de vaca pueden comparar con las existentes en los retocadores detalles como la profundidad y la longitud de T utilizado en las investigaciones. arqueológicos las mismas. a la vez un docente, lleva aparejado el de - seo de transmitir los Los heidelbergensis elaboraron hallazgos y sus im - plicaciones científi - cas. Pero una cosa es herramientas en hueso contar a los alumnos universitarios las EL ESTUDIO DE VARIOS FÓSILES DEL NIVEL TD10-1 DE GRAN DOLINA HA pruebas de la “ince - DEMOSTRADO QUE HACE 350.000 AÑOS SE TRABAJABA CON HUESOS sante transforma - ción del universo y POSTER CENTRAL ATAPUERCA HA VUELTO A SOR - tánico de Boxgrove, también co - de todas sus partes La ocupación de los continentes PRENDER a los investigadores con rrespondiente a un campamento desde el principio de el hallazgo en el nivel 10 de Gran de H.
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