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Enterprise Ipv6 Deployment Tim Martin CCIE #2020 BRKRST-2301

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Enterprise Ipv6 Deployment Tim Martin CCIE #2020 BRKRST-2301 Enterprise IPv6 Deployment Tim Martin CCIE #2020 BRKRST-2301 @bckcntryskr Agenda • General Design • Host Configuration • Campus Design • Data Center • Translation Techniques • Internet Edge • Conclusion General Design Project Planning for IPv6 Deployment Create a project team, assign a PM Identify business value & impacts Assess equipment & applications for IPv6 Begin training & develop training plan Develop the architectural solution Obtain a prefix and build the address plan Define an exception process for legacy systems Update the security policy Deploy IPv6 trials in the network Test and monitor your deployment Enterprise IPv6 Guidance • Updated White Paper – Cisco.com • RFC 7381 Enterprise IPv6 Guidlines • No Major change to 2/3 Tier Architecture Access Distribution Si Core Distribution Access WAN Data Center Internet Global Address Assignment • /32 given to ISP (/29 in some geo’s) • ISP assigns /48 to customers IANA • 65,536 customers could receive /48 • /48 is the smallest route advertised in DFZ Registries RIR • 2001:db8:4646:xxxx::/64 • xxxx = subnets in your domain LIR ISP ORG EntityLevel FourSubordinate Global Address Assignment • /32 given to ISP (/29 in some geo’s) PA • ISP assigns /48 to customers 2000::/3 IANA • 65,536 customers could receive /48 • /48 is the smallest route advertised in DFZ Registries /12 RIR • 2001:db8:4646:xxxx::/64 • xxxx = subnets in your domain LIR ISP /32 ORG EntityLevel FourSubordinate /48 Global Address Assignment • /32 given to ISP (/29 in some geo’s) PA PI • ISP assigns /48 to customers 2000::/3 IANA 2000::/3 • 65,536 customers could receive /48 • /48 is the smallest route advertised in DFZ Registries /12 /12 RIR • 2001:db8:4646:xxxx::/64 /32 • xxxx = subnets in your domain LIR ISP /32 ORG /48 EntityLevel FourSubordinate /48 /48 Multi-national Model • PA or PI from each region you operate in • Coordination of advertised space within each RIR, policy will vary • Most run PI from primary region Building the IPv6 Address Plan • Methods • Follow IPv4 (/24 only), Organizational, Location, Function based • Hierarchy is key (A /48 example) • Bit twiddle's dream (16 bit subnet strategy) • 4 or 8 bits = (16 or 256) Regions (states, counties, agencies, etc..) • 4 or 8 more bits = (16 or 256) Sub Levels within those Regions • 4 more bits = (16) Traffic Types (Admin, Guest, Telephony, Video, etc..) • Cisco IPv6 Addressing White Paper • www.cisco.com/go/ipv6 • Avoid Monotonical Assignments • (1000, 2000, 3000, etc.) vs. Sparse (0000, 4000, 8000, c000 ) Prefix Length Considerations Hosts • Anywhere a host exists /64 /64 Core /64 or /127 • Point to Point /127 • Should not use all 0’s or 1’s in the host portion Pt 2 Pt • Nodes 1&2 are not in the /127 same subnet Servers • Loopback or Anycast /128 /64 Loopback WAN /128 • RFC 7421 /64 is here • RFC 6164 /127 cache exhaust Where do I start? Access • Core-to-Access – Gain experience with v6 Layer • Access-to-Core – Securing and monitoring Internet • Internet Edge – Business continuity Edge ISP ISP Campus Core WAN Servers Branch Access Where do I start? Access • Core-to-Access – Gain experience with v6 Layer • Access-to-Core – Securing and monitoring Internet • Internet Edge – Business continuity Edge ISP ISP Campus Core WAN Servers Branch Access Where do I start? Access • Core-to-Access – Gain experience with v6 Layer • Access-to-Core – Securing and monitoring Internet • Internet Edge – Business continuity Edge ISP ISP Campus Core WAN Servers Branch Access Where do I start? Access • Core-to-Access – Gain experience with v6 Layer • Access-to-Core – Securing and monitoring Internet • Internet Edge – Business continuity Edge ISP ISP Campus Core WAN Servers Branch Access Dual Stack Mode • Preferred Method, Versatile, Scalable and Highest Performance • No Dependency on IPv4, runs in parallel on dedicated HW • No tunneling, MTU, NAT or performance degrading technologies • Does require IPv6 support on all devices Access Distribution Core Aggregation Access Layer Layer Layer Layer (DC) Layer (DC) IPv6/IPv4 Dual-stack Hosts IPv6/IPv4 Dual-stack Server IPv4 & IPv6 Combined • Should we use both on the same link at Layer 3? • Separate links, possibly to collect protocol specific statistics • Routing protocols OSPFv3, EIGRP combined or separate? • Fate sharing between the data and control planes per protocol Internet IPv4 & IPv6 OSPFv3 IPv4 & IPv6 2001:db8:1:1::/64 2001:db8:6:6::/64 EIGRP 198.51.100.0/24 192.168.4.0/24 Infrastructure using Link Local Addressing • Topology hiding, Interfaces cannot be seen by off link devices • Reduces routing table prefix count, less configuration • Need to use ULA or GUA for generating ICMPv6 messages • What about DNS?, Traceroute, WAN Connections, etc.. • RFC7404 – Details pros and cons ULA/GUA Internet fe80::/64 ULA/GUA fe80::/64 ULA/GUA WAN/MAN ULA/GUA fe80::/64 ULA/GUA Unique Local Address (ULA) • Automatic Prefix Generation (RFC 4193) non sequential /48, M&A challenges • To be avoided in most cases, draft-ietf-v6ops-ula-usage-recommendations-05 • Caution with older OS’s (RFC 3484) using ULA & IPv4 • Multiple policies to maintain (ACL, QoS, Routing, etc..) Global Internet 2001:db8:cafe::/48 Corporate Backbone Branch 2 ULA Space fd9c:58ed:7d73::/48 Global – 2001:db8:cafe::/48 fd9c:58ed:7d73:3000::/64 fd9c:58ed:7d73::2::/64 2001:db8:cafe:3000::/64 To NAT or NOT • NAT allows for client/server model, difficult to deploy peer-to-peer • UDP/TCP only, ALG’s & protocol fixups, what about SCTP & DCCP.. • IETF does NOT recommend the use of NAT66 w/IPv6 • NAT ≠ Firewall – RFC 4864 (Local Network Protection) • Wait, who did what – RFC 6269 (Issues with IP address sharing) NAT-PT, NAT66, NPTv6, NAT64 Firewall+NAT Internet Host Configuration & Behavior IPv6 Host Portion Address Assignment Similar to IPv4 New in IPv6 Manually configured State Less Address Auto Configuration SLAAC EUI64 Assigned via DHCPv6 SLAAC Privacy Addressing * Secure Neighbor Discovery (SeND) Address, Which Address? • Link Local (fe80::/10) is required for any device with IPv6 enabled • At least 2 addresses per interface for global connectivity • Majority of access layer devices will have LL as their Default Gateway DfG W Host Addresses Router Addresses Ethernet B8:E8:56:1A:2B:3C Ethernet 02:00:0C:3A:8B:18 IPv6 Link Local fe80::b8e8:56ff:fe1a:2b3c IPv6 Link Local fe80::46:1 IPv6 Global 2001:db8:1:46:a1b2:c:3:d4e5 IPv6 Global 2001:db8:1:46::1 Default Gwy. fe80::46:1 RA Prefix 2001:db8:1:46::/64 RA Provisioning Type: 134 (RA) Code: 0 • M-Flag – Stateful DHCPv6 to acquire IPv6 address Checksum: 0xff78 [correct] • O-Flag – Stateless DHCPv6 in addition to SLAAC Cur hop limit: 64 ∞ Flags: 0x84 • Preference Bits – Low, Med, High 1… …. = Managed (M flag) .0.. …. = Not other (O flag) • Router Lifetime – Must be >0 for Default ..0. …. = Not Home (H flag) …0 1… = Router pref: High • Options - Prefix Information, Length, Flags Router lifetime: (s)1800 Reachable time: (ms) 3600000 • L bit –Host installs the prefix as On Link Retrans timer: (ms) 1000 ICMPv6 Option 3 (Prefix Info) • A bit – Set to 0 for DHCP to work properly Prefix length: 64 ∞ Flags: 0x80 1… …. = On link (L Bit) RA .1.. …. = No Auto (A Bit) Prefix: 2001:0db8:4646:1234::/64 Host Address Acquisition C:\Documents and Settings\>netsh netsh>interface ipv6 netsh interface ipv6>show address Querying active state... Interface 5: Local Area Connection Addr Type DAD State Valid Life Pref. Life Address --------- ---------- ------------ ------------ ----------------------------- Public Preferred 29d23h58m25s 6d23h58m25s 2001:0db8:2301:1:202:8a49:41ad:a136 Temporary Preferred 6d21h48m47s 21h46m 2001:0db8:2301:1:bd86:eac2:f5f1:39c1 Link Preferred infinite infinite fe80::202:8a49:41ad:a136 netsh interface ipv6>show route Querying active state... Publish Type Met Prefix Idx Gateway/Interface Name ------- -------- ---- ------------------------ --- --------------------- no Autoconf 8 2001:0db8:2301:1::/64 5 Local Area Connection no Autoconf 256 ::/0 5 fe80::20d:bdff:fe87:f6f9 DHCPv6 • Source – FE80::1234, Destination - FF02::1:2 SOLICIT (any servers) • Client UDP 546, Server UDP 547 ADVERTISE (want this address) • DUID – Different from v4, used to identify clients REQUEST (I want that address) • ipv6 dhcp relay destination 2001:db8::feed:1 REPLY (It’s yours) DHCPv6 Server 2001:db8::feed:1 DHCPv6 • Source – FE80::1234, Destination - FF02::1:2 SOLICIT (any servers) • Client UDP 546, Server UDP 547 ADVERTISE (want this address) • DUID – Different from v4, used to identify clients REQUEST (I want that address) • ipv6 dhcp relay destination 2001:db8::feed:1 REPLY (It’s yours) DHCPv6 Relay DHCPv6 Solicit DHCPv6 Server 2001:db8::feed:1 Client Provisioning DHCPv6 & SLAAC • How about both.. Reality for the foreseeable future • SLAAC address tracking, Radius Accounting, Syslog, CAM table Scrapes • Microsoft wont support RDNSS in RA’s • DHCPv6 Challenges, MAC Address for Reservations, Inventory, Tracking • Android doesn’t support DHCPv6 • Understand the Implications of Switching Methods DHCPv6 • Inconsistent amongst the OS’s Server Internet A B C Disabling Privacy Addresses • Enable DHCPv6 via the M flag • Disable auto configuration via the A bit in the Prefix Info option • Enable Router preference to high • Enable DHCPv6 relay interface fastEthernet 0/0 ipv6 address 2001:db8:1122:acc1::/64 eui-64 ipv6 nd managed-config-flag ipv6 nd prefix default no-autoconfig ipv6 nd router-preference high ipv6 dhcp relay destination 2001:db8:add:café::1 Campus Design First Hop Router Redundancy RA • Neighbor Unreachability Detection Reach-time • Rudimentary
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