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Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
MPLS VPN Service
MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Patterns and processes of Tunisian migration Findlay, A. M. How to cite: Findlay, A. M. (1980) Patterns and processes of Tunisian migration, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8041/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk PATTERNS AND PROCESSES OP TUNISIAN MIGRATION Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Durham for the Degree of Ph D. Mian M Pindlay M A Department of Geography May 1980 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged 1 ABSTRACT Patterns and processes of post-war Tunisian migration are examined m this thesis from a spatial perspective The concept of 'migration regions' proved particularly interesting -
Regional Geology and Ground-Water Hydrology of the Sahil Susah Area -A Tunisia
Regional Geology and Ground-Water Hydrology of the Sahil Susah Area -A Tunisia GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-G Prepared in cooperation with the Sous-Direction de I'Hydraulique et de UEquipement Rural, Tunisian Secretariat of State for Agriculture, under the auspices of the United States Agency for International Development OKLAHOMA ClTY, OKLA. RECEIVED U S U WATER RESOURCE Regional Geology and Ground-Water Hydrology of the Sahil Susah Area -A Tunisia By L. C. DUTCHER and H. E. THOMAS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-G Prepared in cooperation with the Sous-Direction de I'Hydraulique et de I'Equipement Rural, Tunisian Secretariat of State for Agriculture, under the auspices of the United States Agency for International Development UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEFIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract__ _-______-_-___-_-___-_____-_______________--_____-_-_ Gl Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 2 Purpose and scope_____________________________________________ 5 Acknowledgments and sources_____-_______-_-___-___-____---__ 5 Location and extent of area___________________________________ 7 Physical geography ____________________________________________ 7 Economic geography___________________________________________ -
Investment Opportunities in Inland Areas of Tunisia
Investment Opportunities in Inland Areas of Tunisia Investment Opportunities in Inland Areas of Tunisia Regional development in particular in inland areas within the next few years will be one of the major concerns of public authorities. To attract investment in these areas the regional development policy will be focused primarily on five fields: • establishing good regional governance; • developing infrastructure (roads, highways, railway etc.); • strengthening financial and tax incentives; • Improving the living environment; • promoting decentralized international cooperation. Ind industries Leather Ceramics ‐ and Industries electric IT Tourism Transport Manufacturing and Materials Agriculture Handicrafts Agribusiness Garment Chemical Various Building Textile Mechanical Gafsa X X X X X X X Kasserine X X X X X Jendouba X X X X X Siliana X X X X X Kef Beja X X X X X X X Kairouan X X X X X X X X Kebili X X X Tataouine X X X X Medenine X X X X X X Tozeur X X X X Sidi Bouzid X X X X X Gabes X X X X X X X SIDI BOUZID Matrix of Opportunities and Potentials in the Governorate of Sidi Bouzid Sectors Opportunities and potentials Benefits and resources Agriculture and ‐ The possibility to specialize in the production of ‐ The availability of local produce Agribusiness organic varieties in both crops and livestock activity such as meat of the indigenous type (honey, olive oil, sheep Nejdi, camelina Nejdi (Barbarine) ; (Mezzounna), etc..); ‐ soil conditions are most conducive ‐ production of certain tree crops in irrigated good and ground water is -
RESUME EIES-PVPI Version1.Docx
RÉSUMÉ DU PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE Titre du projet: Projet de valorisation des périmètres irrigués à travers le développement des chaines de valeur (PVPI-DCV) Numéro de projet: P-TN-AAB-001 Catégorie du projet : 2 Pays: Tunisie Région: RDGN Division: RDGN2 1 INTRODUCTION Le secteur agricole occupe une place stratégique de choix dans l’activité socioéconomique des trois régions du projet (Kairouan, Kasserine, Sidi Bouzid) dont leur situation géographique leur confère des diversités naturelles propices pour un développement global dans les activités agricoles relatives à la production végétale, animale et de conservations des eaux et de sols. Bien que certaines délégations aient connu un développement remarquable ces dernières années, le reste des régions demeurent relativement désavantagé. Ces zones se caractérisent par un niveau de vie social assez faible et une structure technico-économique accusant des taux de productivité assez bas n’assurant pas un surplus mobilisable. C’est dans ce cadre que des projets de développement agricole intégré ont été initiés dans quelques gouvernorats de la Tunisie. Ainsi le Projet de valorisation des périmètres irrigués à travers le développement des chaines de valeur (PVPI-DCV) vise à améliorer les conditions de vie des populations à travers une approche intégrée impliquant plusieurs secteurs agricoles. Le projet cible 14 délégations dans les 3 régions : Menzel Mhiri et Haffouz dans la région de Kairouan ; Kasserine Sud, Thala, Sbiba, El Ayoun, Haidra, Foussana et Feriana dans la région de Kasserine ; et Bir El Hafey, Maknassy, Souk Jedid, Sidi Bouzid Gharbia et Jilma dans la région de Sidi Bouzid. 2 DESCRIPTION SOMMAIRE DU PROJET Le projet PVPI-DCV a pour objectif principal de contribuer à l’amélioration les revenus des populations des Gouvernorats de Kairouan, Kasserine et Sidi Bouzid à travers le développement des chaines de valeur agricole. -
Carthage Was the Center Or Capital City of the Ancient Carthaginian
Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia. Carthage was widely considered the most important trading hub of the Ancient Mediterranean and was arguably one of the most affluent cities of the Ancient World. The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. The legendary Queen Dido is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. The ancient Carthage city was destroyed by the Roman Republic in the Third Punic War in 146 BC and then re-developed as Roman Carthage, which became the major city of the Roman Empire in the province of Africa. The city was sacked and destroyed by Umayyad forces after the Battle of Carthage in 698 to prevent it from being reconquered by the Byzantine Empire. It remained occupied during the Muslim period and was used as a fort by the Muslims until the Hafsid period when it was taken by the Crusaders with its inhabitants massacred during the Eighth Crusade. Catheral of St. Vincent de Paul: is a Roman Catholic church located in Tunis, Tunisia. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Vincent de Paul, patron saint of charity. It is the episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Tunis and is situated at Place de l'Indépendence in Ville Nouvelle, a crossroads between Avenue Habib Bourguiba and Avenue de France, opposite the French embassy. -
Victim Participation in Tunisia's Transitional Justice Process to Participate, Is to Have Hope … Victim Participation in Tunisia’S Transitional Justice Process
To participate is to have hope… Victim participation in Tunisia's transitional justice process To participate, is to have hope … Victim participation in Tunisia’s transitional justice process ............................................................ Study prepared by : Kora Andrieu Wahid Ferchichi Simon Robins Ahmed Aloui Hager Ben Hamza Book : Size : 21 x 29,7 cm Volume : 96 pages - paper Oset 80 gr - Cover 350 gr 1st Edition Graphic Design : Anis Menzli - ALPHAWIN STUDIO [email protected] is study was developed in the frame of a partnership between KADEM, IMPUNITY WATCH and CAHR, University of York Number of copies : 50 ISBN : 978-9938-14-255-6 © All rights reserved to KADEM, IMPUNITY WATCH & CAHR Tunis • Octobre 2015 “To participate is to have hope…” Victim participation in Tunisia's Transitional Justice process 1 Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive summary .......................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 International practice of transitional justice and its implications in Tunisia ............................. 8 1.2 Victim participation in transitional justice ............................................................................... 10 1.3 Research methodology -
Hierarchisation De L'espace Et Intervention De L'etat. Sbiba, Hautes Steppes Tunisiennes
Ma Mung Emmanuel, 1983, Hiérarchisation de l'espace et intervention de l'Etat : Sbiba, hautes steppes tunisiennes. Etudes Méditerranéennes, fascicule 5, pp. 85-127 HIERARCHISATION DE L’ESPACE ET INTERVENTION DE L’ETAT. SBIBA, HAUTES STEPPES TUNISIENNES. UNE REGION ELOIGNEE DES PRINCIPAUX CENTRES URBAINS Lorsque l'on vient de Tunis et qu’ayant traversé le Haut-Tell, on laisse derrière soi Maktar, on aborde une large ouverture transversale à la Dorsale tunisienne : c'est le fossé tectonique de Sbiba qui est parcouru en son fond par l'Oued el Hatab. Une ligne noire, droite passe par Rohia, rejoint Sbiba puis descend vers le Sud à droite du Mghila, c'est la route Tunis-Sbeitla. Nous voici dans les Hautes steppes. C'est le printemps mais au souk de Sbiba les hommes portent encore le burnous ; malgré le temps clair la température est fraîche et un vent glacial du Nord couche le blé en herbe, fait frémir les oliviers et les amandiers des vergers. Les Hautes-steppes ne se réchauffent qu'en Avril. Quelques nuées qui débordent lentement le Tioucha annoncent une averse, elle est comme toutes les pluies à Sbiba violente et courte, le ciel se dégage rapidement. L'été, la chaleur écrase la terre et les hommes, le temps ne se rafraîchit pas avant octobre avec les premières pluies d'automne. On découvre autour de Sbiba de larges surfaces arborées, c'est le périmètre irrigué. Au delà, de point en point, des petites taches vertes indiquent des vergers. Le fond du fossé d'effondrement, plat et large de plusieurs kilomètres, est d'une couleur uniforme beige. -
Presidential Elections of 2019, As Modified, Pursuant to the Presidential Decree 122 (2019) Dated on 31 July 2019 3
AA COMPENDIUMCOMPENDIUM OFOF LEGALLEGAL PROVISIONSPROVISIONS PERTAININGPERTAINING TOTO ELECTIONSELECTIONS ANDAND REFERENDAREFERENDA September 2020 AA COMPENDIUMCOMPENDIUM OFOF LEGALLEGAL PROVISIONSPROVISIONS PERTAININGPERTAINING TOTO ELECTIONSELECTIONS ANDAND REFERENDAREFERENDA September 2020 A consolidated, unofficial translation for the electoral legal framework in Tunisia valid as of 1 September 2019. Amendments to the legal framework are shown in bold 4 A COMPENDIUM OF LEGAL PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO ELECTIONS AND REFERENDA Table of Contents I. LAWS 9 Organic Law 16 (2014) dated on 26 May 2014 on elections 9 and referenda, as modified and complemented, pursuant to Organic Law 7 (2017) dated on 14 February 2017, and Organic Law 76 (2019) dated on 30 August 2019 Organic Law 23 (2012) dated on 20 December 2012 on the 74 High Independent Elections Authority, as modified and completed by Organic Law 44 (2013) on 1 November 2013 and Organic Law 52 (2013) dated on 28 December 2013 II. DECREES 92 1. Decree 1088 (2011) dated 3 August 2011 on boundaries 92 delineation and apportionment of the number of seats allocated to each for the election of the members of the National Constituent Assembly 2. Presidential Decree 111 (2019) dated on 5 July 2019 104 on the call on voters for the legislative and presidential elections of 2019, as modified, pursuant to the Presidential Decree 122 (2019) dated on 31 July 2019 3. Presidential Decree 122 (2019) dated on 31 July 2019 106 on the call on voters for the 2019 presidential elections of 4. Governmental Decree 754 (2019) dated on 22 August 108 2019 on determining the total spending limit on the election campaign, private funding limit and setting the limits for public funding, requirements and procedures thereof, vis-à-vis the 2019 presidential elections 5. -
Banque Centrale De Tunisie
Banque Centrale de Tunisie acting on behalf of The Republic of Tunisia €500,000,000 6.75% Notes due 2023 Issue Price: 98.975% The €500,000,000 6.75% Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”) are being issued by Banque Centrale de Tunisie (the “Bank”) acting on behalf of The Republic of Tunisia (the “Issuer”). The Issuer will pay interest on the Notes annually in arrear on 31 October in each year, commencing on 31 October 2019. Payments on the Notes will be made without deduction for or on account of taxes imposed by The Republic of Tunisia or any political subdivision thereof or any authority therein or thereof having power to tax, to the extent described under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes—Taxation”. Unless previously purchased and cancelled, the Notes will be redeemed at their principal amount, together with accrued interest, on 31 October 2023. The Bank is acting solely as agent of The Republic of Tunisia in connection with the issue of the Notes. Accordingly, the obligations of the Issuer under the Notes and all related documents are not obligations of the Bank itself (and the Notes do not represent a liability of the Bank itself) but are obligations of The Republic of Tunisia (and the Notes accordingly represent a liability of The Republic of Tunisia). The Bank has not waived immunity with respect to its assets or any other immunity available to it. The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or with any securities regulatory authority of any State or other jurisdiction of the United States, and may not be offered or sold within the United States except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. -
Conditions Within the Banking System and at Specialized
PARTICIPATING MEMBERS DEPOSIT BANKS n BANK OF TUNISIA (BT) n BANK FOR HOUSING (BH) n TUNISIAN BANKING COMPANY (STB) n NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BANK (BNA) n ARAB INTERNATIONAL BANK OF TUNISIA (BIAT) n BANK OF THE SOUTH (BS) n ARAB TUNISIAN BANK (ATB) n FRANCO-TUNISIAN BANK (BFT) n AMEN BANK (AB) n INTERNATIONAL BANKING UNION (UIB) n BANKING UNION FOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY (UBCI) n CITIBANK n TUNISIAN SOLIDARITY BANK (BTS) n ARAB BANKING CORPORATION (ABC) DEVELOPMENT BANKS n TUNISO-KUWAITI DEVELOPMENT BANK (BTKD) n TUNISO-SAUDI INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY (STUSID) n TUNISO-QATARI INVESTMENT BANK (BTQI) n TUNISO-EMIRATES INVESTMENT BANK (BTEI) n TUNISO-LIBYAN ARAB BANK FOR DEVELOPMENT AND FOREIGN TRADE OTHER MEMBERS n NORTH AFRICA INTERNATIONAL BANK n TUNISIAN BUSINESS BANK LEASING COMPANIES n ARAB TUNISIAN LEASE n TUNISIA LEASING n INTERNATIONAL LEASING COMPANY n GENERAL LEASING n TUNISIAN LEASING UNION n AMEN LEASE n ARAB INTERNATIONAL LEASE n MODERN LEASING n HANNIBAL LEASE n EL WIFACK LEASING FACTORING COMPANIES n UNIFACTOR n TUNISIA FACTORING ASSOCIATE MEMBERS n TUNISIAN CLAIM COLLECTION COMPANY (Sté Tunisienne de Recouvrement des Créances) n RAPID COLLECTION COMPANY (Société Rapid Recouvrement) n FINANCIAL CLAIM COLLECTION COMPANY (Sté Financière de Recouvrement des Créances) n CLAIM COLLECTION GROUP (L’Internationale de Recouvrement des Créances) n ARAB INTERNATIONAL COLLECTION COMPANY (Compagnie Internationale Arabe de Recouvrement) n SOUTHERN COLLECTION (Sud Recouvrement) n EL ISTIFA COMPANY (Société El Istifa) n GENERAL CLAIM COLLECTION COMPANY (Société Générale de Recouvrement des Créances) MEMBERS OF APTBEF’S GOVERNING COUNCIL Chairman : Mr. Faouzi BELKAHIA, President Director General of the Bank of Tunisia.