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ALL FEI IFflTIU CUTAflIED EEI IS IJFJCLASSIFIELI LATE CUT2O12 LL79 EIcLS ACLURM044740 bIU4Jb4U Islam Submission to Allah which is Arabic for God Muslim One who follows the rëlig ion of Islam Approx imately LI to billion Muslimsworldwide 90.10% 50S% 4o49 10I8% 04% ACLURM044741 bIU4Jb4l Approximately 85-90% of Muslims are Sunnis while 1U-15%are Shiites Arabs make up 20% of the Muslim population ACLURM044742 bIU4Jb4i Majority of Muslims live outside the Middle East Largest number of Muslims in Indonesia Second largest in South Asia Most Muslims are not Arab ACLURM044743 bIU4Jb4J II -. Pre-Islamic Arabia -social inequality -polytheistic idol worshiping society Muhammad Life -Meccan Period -Medinan Period Hijra Emigration Bay Loyalty pledge Ansar Supporters Muhammad receiving revelation on Mt Hira ACLURM044744 b1U4Jb44 Osama Bin Laden Summer 2000 So today Afghanistan is the only country in the world that has the Shariah Therefore it is compulsory upon Muslims all over the world to to help Afghanistan And make hijra to this land because it is from this land that we will dispatch our armies to smash all kuffar all over the world.1 ACLURM044745 bIU4Jb4D Muslims believe the Quran is infallible and literally the word of God Compilation of 114 chapters Major Themes -Arabs pa of Abrahamic Story -Five Pillars Monotheism prayer fasting pilgrimage almsgiving -Laws Marriage inheritance trade crime punishment -Jihad ACLURM044746 bIU4Jb4b Muhammads example preserved in stories hadith Collections began in the 9th century Hadith are second major source of Islamic law Sharia 140U of yrs InterpretationQuran Hadith ACLURM044747 bIU4Jb4 Muhammads death in 632 Choosing successor First4 Caliphs Abu Bakr 632-634 Umar lbn al-Khatab 634- 644 Uth man Ibn Affan 644-656 Au bin Abi lalib 656-661 Shia protest ACLURM044748 FB1043648 is Origins political dispute over who should lead the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad the Who has legitimate authority to rule -should rule go to any Muslim -is the position of caliph elected or appointed -should it go only to Prophets family and blood descendants ACLURM044749 10 bIU4Jb4 Caliphate Initially combines political and religious authority but over time religious authority is delegated to Sunni clerics Sunnis Religious authority held by people with most knowledge of Quran and Sunna Shia Religious authority held by the ulema the clerical class that filled the void left following the 12th lmam Sufis Religious authority tetWali -1 ACLURM044750 11 bIU4JbDU Islam formed in harsh stateless environment distinction Np initially between religion and politics debates Early about religious and political leadership The Islamic empire spreads via military conquest while Islam spreads gradually Sharia of 1400 yrs Interpretation Quran Hadith 12 ACLURM044751.

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Sudan a Country Study.Pdf
A Country Study: Sudan An Nilain Mosque, at the site of the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile in Khartoum Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Helen Chapin Metz Research Completed June 1991 Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Preface Country Profile Country Geography Society Economy Transportation Government and Politics National Security Introduction Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Thomas Ofcansky) Early History Cush Meroe Christian Nubia The Coming of Islam The Arabs The Decline of Christian Nubia The Rule of the Kashif The Funj The Fur The Turkiyah, 1821-85 The Mahdiyah, 1884-98 The Khalifa Reconquest of Sudan The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1899-1955 Britain's Southern Policy Rise of Sudanese Nationalism The Road to Independence The South and the Unity of Sudan Independent Sudan The Politics of Independence The Abbud Military Government, 1958-64 Return to Civilian Rule, 1964-69 The Nimeiri Era, 1969-85 Revolutionary Command Council The Southern Problem Political Developments National Reconciliation The Transitional Military Council Sadiq Al Mahdi and Coalition Governments Chapter 2 - The Society and its Environment (Robert O. Collins) Physical Setting Geographical Regions Soils Hydrology Climate Population Ethnicity Language Ethnic Groups The Muslim Peoples Non-Muslim Peoples Migration Regionalism and Ethnicity The Social Order Northern Arabized Communities Southern Communities Urban and National Elites Women and the Family Religious
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA No. 16 CR 181 v. No. 18 CR 721 Judge Sara L. Ellis AWS MOHAMMED YOUNIS AL-JAYAB PLEA AGREEMENT 1. This Plea Agreement between the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, JOHN R. LAUSCH, JR., and defendant AWS MOHAMMED YOUNIS AL-JAYAB, and his attorneys, THOMAS ANTHONY DURKIN and JOSHUA G. HERMAN, is made pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and is governed in part by Rule 11(c)(1)(C), as more fully set forth below. The parties to this Agreement have agreed upon the following: Charges in This Case 2. The superseding information in the Northern District of Illinois (16 CR 181) charges defendant with knowingly providing material support to a foreign terrorist organization, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 2339B (the “Chicago Case”). The indictment filed in the Eastern District of California (2:16CR0008), and transferred to the Northern District of Illinois under Rule 20 (18 CR 721), charges defendant with knowingly providing a materially false statement to federal agents in a matter involving international terrorism, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 1001(a)(2) (the “Sacramento Case”). 3. Defendant has read the charges against him contained in the superseding information filed in the Chicago Case and the indictment filed in the Sacramento Case, and those charges have been fully explained to him by his attorney. 4. Defendant fully understands the nature and elements of the crimes with which he has been charged.
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FB1050296 ALL Inf0kfltiin Flnthinei IEPAIJ T11CLA IFIED
ALL flJFOP1ATIflN LONTAflJED 1EPE IN UN LA IEI TE OJ 2J2 El 517Q rI ACLURM050784 FB1050296 ALL INF0KflTIiN flNThINEI IEPAIJ T11CLA IFIED LTh0 flb 01 b19DiCL ACLURM050785 FB1050297 ALL IL PflAT UTAIELJ .IEKEIN UNCLASIFIE DATE OJ Ob 2012 b517 JrL ACLURM050786 FB1050298 ALL IMFOPLkTIDN C0ETAIEID FIEPEIN IS UNCLASSUIED DATE O3-U6iC12 BY 6.5179 DFNSOLS Islamic Extremismin Context The Salaf Crisis and Response in Sunnism Prophet Muhammad Mongol Invasion lbn Taymiyya ShI Imamate Abu Bakr cililiuliL Umar Decline of the Wahabbism Uthman Ottoman Empire Hassan 1/4 All Husayn Colonialism Sayyid Qutb 12th Imam Ulama and the MarjaTaqlid Iranian Revolution and Shii Islamism LOCAL IRREDENTIST GLOBAL Hub Allah ACLURM050787 FB1050299 I1FUPATION oNTAINED DATE U3U62012 ET 65179 DE/CLS The Salafi-JihadCon text AQHIGH COMMAND SALAFI.JIHADISr ACLURM050788 FB1050300 ALL INFJK1ATION KEIfl TTNCLAIFIED DATE u3 fl6 012 551 LJ CL Islam Judaism Christianity and Islam are the three monotheistic religions that comprise the Abrahamic tradition Islam is the youngest of the three originating in the seventh century with the receipt of divine revelations by the Prophet Mohammad The Quran is the Islamic holy text It is the collection of divine revelations received by the Prophet over twenty-three year period of his life on the Arabian Peninsula While the Middle East remains the spiritual and political heartland of Islam the majority of Muslims live outside of the Middle East Therefore Islam is global religion and is practiced in an exceptionally diverse manner by approximately
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Mahdism and Islamism in Sudan Author(S): Gabriel Warburg Reviewed Work(S): Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol
Mahdism and Islamism in Sudan Author(s): Gabriel Warburg Reviewed work(s): Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2 (May, 1995), pp. 219-236 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/176093 . Accessed: 19/11/2012 19:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Middle East Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.207 on Mon, 19 Nov 2012 19:55:33 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Middle East Stud. 27 (1995), 219-236. Printed in the United States of America Gabriel Warburg MAHDISM AND ISLAMISM IN SUDAN On 30 June 1989, a military coup overthrew the democratically elected government of al-Sadiq al-Mahdi in Sudan and replaced it with a fundamentalist Muslim dictatorship headed by Colonel CUmarHasan al-Bashir and adhering to the radical Islamic ideology of the National Islamic Front (NIF), under the leadership of Dr. Hasan al-Turabi. Since June 1881 when Muhammad Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah declared that he was the expected mahdi, the religious-political scene of Sudan had been largely dominated by Mahdists and Khatmiyya adherents.
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