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Diagenesis in the St. Peter Sandstone, Michigan Basin

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Diagenesis in the St. Peter Sandstone, Michigan Basin Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1991 Diagenesis in the St. Peter Sandstone, Michigan Basin Carl E. Lundgren Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Lundgren, Carl E., "Diagenesis in the St. Peter Sandstone, Michigan Basin" (1991). Master's Theses. 985. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/985 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIAGENESIS IN THE ST. PETER SANDSTONE, MICHIGAN BASIN by Carl E. Lundgren, Jr. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 1991 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DIAGENESIS IN THE ST. PETER SANDSTONE, MICHIGAN BASIN Carl E. Lundgren, Jr., M.S. Western Michigan University, 1991 The petrographic evolution of authigenic minerals in the St. Peter formation consists of: early marine cement, syndepositional dolomite, quartz overgrowth cement, pervasive dolomite replacement of precursor carbonate, dissolution of framework grains and carbonate cements, and late formation of authigenic chlorite and illite. Variations in the diagenetic sequence were templated by variations in primary mineralogy related to depositional facies. Early intergranular carbonate cement, common in shelf facies, precluded early quartz cementation. Subsequent dissolution of dolomite and detrital grains may be temporally and chemically related to the precipitation of authigenic clay in dissolution pores. In peritidal facies, pervasive quartz cementation was locally terminated, before complete porosity occlusion, by the precipitation of late, pore-filling, burial dolomite. Subsequent dissolution of this dolomite, along with minor silicate framework grains, also resulted in formation of secondary pores with little late, authigenic clay. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge and express sincere appreciation to my advisor, Dr. David A. Barnes, Department of Geology, Western Michigan University, for his constant support, encouragement, and critique of my thesis. He vehemently embraced this project and generously provided many helpful ideas. A substantial number of his thoughts are incorporated into this thesis. Special thanks also go to Dr. William Harrison, III, Department of Geology, Western Michigan University. His interest, advice, and steadfast support helped make this project possible. I would also like to thank Dr. John Grace, Department of Geology, Western Michigan University, who provided insight on x-ray diffraction analysis. I am very grateful to Bill Zempolich, Department of Geology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (formerly with Mobil Oil Company, Oklahoma City) for providing funding for this project and valuable discussions of the St. Peter Sandstone. In addition, I would like to thank Robert Havira, Department of Geology, Western Michigan University, who gave willing assistance with photography. I would like to thank my parents for their love and encouragement throughout the course of this project. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my wife Chris. Her encouragement and patience were crucial to the completion of this thesis. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements—Continued The research was supported by a grant from The Graduate College, Western Michigan University and Mobil Oil Company, Oklahoma City. Carl E. Lundgren, Jr. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800.521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1S4S628 Diagenesis in the St. Peter sandstone, Michigan basin Lundgren, Carl Eric, Jr., M.S. Western Michigan University, 1991 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT RECEIVED BY U.M.I. CONTAINED PAGES WITH SLANTED AND POOR PRINT. PAGES WERE FILMED AS RECEIVED. THIS REPRODUCTION IS THE BEST AVAILABLE COPY. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Statement of Problem ................................................................................ 1 Previous Investigations ................................................................................ 2 Regional Stratigraphy .............................................................................. 2 Prairie du Chien Group ................................................... 5 Brazos Shale........................................................................................ 6 St. Peter Sandstone .............................................................................. 8 Sedimentary Petrology ........................................................................... 10 Methods and Analytical Techniques ...................................................... 12 H. LITHOFACIES DESCRIPTIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS.............................................................................. 18 Facies 1 .......................................................................................................... 18 Facies 2 .......................................................................................................... 24 Facies 3 .......................................................................................................... 26 Facies 4 .......................................................................................................... 29 HI. SANDSTONE PETROLOGY ...................................................................... 33 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents-Continued CHAPTER Primary Mineralogy .................................................................................. 33 Q u a rtz ....................................................................................................... 35 Feldspar .................................................................................................. 35 C arbonate .................................................................................................. 37 Accessory Minerals ............................................................................. 39 Authigenic Minerals . ............................................................................. 40 Early Dolomite Cements ...................................................................... 42 Quartz Overgrowths ............................................................................
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