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Basement Control on the Development of Selected Michigan Basin Oil and Gas Fields As Constrained by Fabric Elements in Paleozoic Limestones

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Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-1991 Basement Control on the Development of Selected Michigan Basin Oil and Gas Fields as Constrained by Fabric Elements in Paleozoic Limestones Robert Thomas Versical Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Versical, Robert Thomas, "Basement Control on the Development of Selected Michigan Basin Oil and Gas Fields as Constrained by Fabric Elements in Paleozoic Limestones" (1991). Master's Theses. 1010. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1010 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BASEMENT CONTROL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED MICHIGAN BASIN OIL AND GAS FIELDS AS CONSTRAINED BY FABRIC ELEMENTS IN PALEOZOIC LIMESTONES by Robert Thomas Versical A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 1991 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. BASEMENT CONTROL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED MICHIGAN BASIN OIL AND GAS FIELDS AS CONSTRAINED BY FABRIC ELEMENTS IN PALEOZOIC LIMESTONES Robert Thomas Versical, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1991 Hydrocarbon bearing structures in the Paleozoic section of the Michigan basin possess different structural styles and orientations. Quantification of the direction and magnitude of shortening strains by applying a calcite twin-strain analysis constrains the mechanisms by which these structures may have developed. The calcite twin-strain analysis and fracture orientations in Paleozoic rocks indicate that the mean direction of compression controlling structural development ranged from SE-NW to nearly E-W. This direction of compression nearly parallels the majority of structures in the basin, and provides insight into their origin. The structural geometries of fields considered in this study can be explained by models for deformation in the Paleozoic cover above basement faults with varying components of strike-slip and dip-slip motion. Variation in structural style appears to be related to reactivation of basement lines of weakness with different orientations in response to the same regional compression. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express special gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dr. Christopher J. Schmidt, for his support, commitment, encouragement, and insight which aided me throughout the course of my study. Also, my committee members, Dr. W. Thomas Straw and Dr. William B. Harrison, proved invaluable in their discussions, assistance, and especially in their review of the manuscript. Appreciation is also extended to The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Grants in Aid Program, Tulsa, Oklahoma, The Graduate College of Western Michigan University, and the Michigan Basin Geological Society, Lansing, for providing monetary support which aided in the undertaking and completion of this project. Amoco Production Company, Houston, Texas, and William J. Hinze of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, provided geophysical data for use in this study which was essential for its completion. My colleagues Barry McBride and Paul Genovese deserve special recognition and thanks for laying the foundations for the calcite twin-strain analysis, and sharing many discussions concerning mutual geologic problems. I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to my ever growing family for their encouragement throughout the course of this study. Andrea Anderson deserves a special thanks for her understanding, support, and ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements-Continued encouragement throughout the latter stages of this project, as well as her help with editing the manuscript. Last, but not least, my appreciation is extended to my father, without whose support, patience, and understanding the completion of this study would not have been possible. This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my mother. Robert Thomas Versical Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information C om pany 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1344708 Basement control on the development of selected Michigan basin oil and gas fields as constrained by fabric elements in Paleozoic lim estones Versical, Robert Thomas, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Versical, Robert Thomas. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Robert Thomas Versical 1991 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ viii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................... ix LIST OF PLATES ............................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 Scope and Purpose of Investigation ............................................. 1 Sources of Data ................................................................................ 4 Previous Work .................................................................................. 7 II. REGIONAL GEOLOGIC SETTING ..................................................... 11 Basement Geology ............................................................................. 11 Introduction ................................................................................. 11 Basement Configuration of Michigan ............................................ 13 Introduction ................................................................................. 13 Penokean Province .................................................................... 15 Central Province ......................................................................... 18 Mid-Michigan Rift Zone ........................................................... 20 Grenville Province ..................................................................... 31 Paleozoic Structural Basins and Arches .......................................... 33 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents-Continued CHAPTER Origin of Paleozoic Features .......................................................... 33 III. MICHIGAN BASIN GEOLOGY ............................................................ 39 Geometry of the Michigan Basin ................................................. 39 General Statement ...................................................................... 39 Subsidence History of the Basin ................................................... 42 Structures in the Phanerozoic Section of the Michigan Basin ................................................................................. 44 General Structural Style and Orientation ............................. 44 Timing
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