The political influence of pro-EU and anti-EU parties in the Netherlands on EU standpoints of the Dutch government by Ramon Melis S2393158
[email protected] Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, program European Studies, University of Twente Year 2021 Supervisors: Shawn Donnelly Martin Rosema Abstract In the past decade, the Dutch government has changed their standpoints regarding the EU many times. In this research three topics, the migration crisis, violations of the rule of law, and solidarity between EU member states, have been researched in order to see if the Dutch government’s standpoints towards them have changed as a result of the influence of pro-EU and/or anti-EU political parties in the last 10 years. The phenomenon of catch-all parties, can be seen as the underlying theory throughout the whole research, explaining why changes in government standpoints have been made. According to the theory, catch-all parties moderate their ideological standpoints in order to be attractive to the majority of voters that often feel comfortable in the middle of the political spectrum. In this case, this applies to political parties that are part of the government coalitions in the Netherlands that change standpoints as a result of influence of pro-EU and anti-EU parties, in order to maintain their relationship with the majority of the voters. To illustrate this, the report contains overviews of changing standpoints of the past three Dutch governments and overviews of the standpoints of different political parties in the shape of scales, in order to make it easier to compare standpoints with each other.