Function of Note Strings in Japanese Tit Alarm Calls to the Common Cuckoo
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Natural History of Japanese Birds
Natural History of Japanese Birds Hiroyoshi Higuchi English text translated by Reiko Kurosawa HEIBONSHA 1 Copyright © 2014 by Hiroyoshi Higuchi, Reiko Kurosawa Typeset and designed by: Washisu Design Office Printed in Japan Heibonsha Limited, Publishers 3-29 Kanda Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0051 Japan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. The English text can be downloaded from the following website for free. http://www.heibonsha.co.jp/ 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1 The natural environment and birds of Japan 6 Chapter 2 Representative birds of Japan 11 Chapter 3 Abundant varieties of forest birds and water birds 13 Chapter 4 Four seasons of the satoyama 17 Chapter 5 Active life of urban birds 20 Chapter 6 Interesting ecological behavior of birds 24 Chapter 7 Bird migration — from where to where 28 Chapter 8 The present state of Japanese birds and their future 34 3 Natural History of Japanese Birds Preface [BOOK p.3] Japan is a beautiful country. The hills and dales are covered “satoyama”. When horsetail shoots come out and violets and with rich forest green, the river waters run clear and the moun- cherry blossoms bloom in spring, birds begin to sing and get tain ranges in the distance look hazy purple, which perfectly ready for reproduction. Summer visitors also start arriving in fits a Japanese expression of “Sanshi-suimei (purple mountains Japan one after another from the tropical regions to brighten and clear waters)”, describing great natural beauty. -
Does Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis) Response to Heterospecific Alarm Calls Depend on Familiarity Or Acoustic Similarity?
Ethology RESEARCH PAPER Does Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Response to Heterospecific Alarm Calls Depend on Familiarity or Acoustic Similarity? Cynthia M. Getschow, Pearl Rivers, Samantha Sterman, David C. Lumpkin & Keith A. Tarvin Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA Correspondence Abstract Keith A. Tarvin, Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, In habitats in which multiple species are prey to the same predators, indi- Oberlin, OH 44074, USA. viduals can greatly benefit from recognizing information regarding preda- E-mail: [email protected] tors that is provided by other species. Past studies have demonstrated that various mammals respond to familiar heterospecific alarm calls, but Received: January 28, 2013 whether acoustic similarity to a familiar call can prompt a mammal’s Initial acceptance: May 14, 2013 recognition of an unfamiliar call has yet to be shown. We presented alarm Final acceptance: August 2, 2013 calls to free-ranging eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and (D. Zeh) recorded behavioral changes in vigilance and antipredatory response. Playbacks included alarm calls of a sympatric bird (American robin, Turdus doi: 10.1111/eth.12145 migratorius), an allopatric bird with a call structure similar to that of the robin (common blackbird, Turdus merula), and an allopatric bird with a distinct call structure (New Holland honeyeater, Phylidonyris novaehollan- diae). Squirrels responded significantly more frequently to squirrel alarm calls (positive control) than to robin song (negative control) or honeyeater calls. Squirrel response to robin and blackbird alarm calls was statistically similar to their response to squirrel alarm calls, indicating that squirrels responded to those alarm calls as if they provided information about the presence of predators. -
Aspirating Smoke Detection APPLICATIONS GUIDE: ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION Aspirating Smoke Detection
APPLICATIONS GUIDE Aspirating Smoke Detection APPLICATIONS GUIDE: ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION Aspirating Smoke Detection Contents Aspirating Smoke Detection ...............................................................................3 Design Best Practices .......................................................................................21 Codes and Standards .......................................................................................4 More on Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle Configurations .................................................22 Definitions ............................................................................................................4 Coordination and Interface with other Systems ..............................................26 United States Definitions and Requirements .....................................................4 Common Issues / Application Troubleshooting .............................................26 Requirements of SFD systems according to NFPA 72 .....................................4 Telecommunications .......................................................................................28 Requirements of EWFD systems according to NFPA 76 .................................4 Application Overview.........................................................................................28 Requirements of VEWFD systems according to NFPA 76 ...............................5 Benefits of Aspirating Smoke Detection ..........................................................29 European EN 54-20 Requirements -
Egg Recognition in Cinereous Tits (Parus Cinereus): Eggshell Spots Matter Jianping Liu1 , Canchao Yang1 , Jiangping Yu2,3 , Haitao Wang2,4 and Wei Liang1*
Liu et al. Avian Res (2019) 10:37 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-019-0178-1 Avian Research RESEARCH Open Access Egg recognition in Cinereous Tits (Parus cinereus): eggshell spots matter Jianping Liu1 , Canchao Yang1 , Jiangping Yu2,3 , Haitao Wang2,4 and Wei Liang1* Abstract Background: Brood parasitic birds such as cuckoos (Cuculus spp.) can reduce their host’s reproductive success. Such selection pressure on the hosts has driven the evolution of defense behaviors such as egg rejection against cuckoo parasitism. Studies have shown that Cinereous Tits (Parus cinereus) in China have a good ability for recognizing foreign eggs. However, it is unclear whether egg spots play a role in egg recognition. The aims of our study were to inves- tigate the egg recognition ability of two Cinereous Tit populations in China and to explore the role of spots in egg recognition. Methods: To test the efect of eggshell spots on egg recognition, pure white eggs of the White-rumped Munia (Lon- chura striata) and eggs of White-rumped Munia painted with red brown spots were used to simulate experimental parasitism. Results: Egg experiments showed that Cinereous Tits rejected 51.5% of pure white eggs of the White-rumped Munia, but only 14.3% of spotted eggs of the White-rumped Munia. There was a signifcant diference in egg recognition and rejection rate between the two egg types. Conclusions: We conclude that eggshell spots on Cinereous Tit eggs had a signaling function and may be essential to tits for recognizing and rejecting parasitic eggs. Keywords: Brood parasitism, Egg recognition, Egg rejection, Eggshell spots, Parus cinereus Background egg rejection by hosts, many parasitic birds evolve coun- Te mutual adaptations and counter-defense strategies ter-adaptations to overcome the hosts’ defenses by laying between brood parasitic birds such as cuckoos (Cuculus mimicking (Brooke and Davies 1988; Avilés et al. -
Alarm Calls Evoke a Visual Search Image of a Predator in Birds
Alarm calls evoke a visual search image of a predator in birds Toshitaka N. Suzukia,b,1 aCenter for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113 Shiga, Japan; and bDepartment of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, 240-0193 Kanagawa, Japan Edited by Asif A. Ghazanfar, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Marlene Behrmann December 29, 2017 (received for review October 30, 2017) One of the core features of human speech is that words cause including avian and mammalian predators (13) (Fig. 1B). In re- listeners to retrieve corresponding visual mental images. How- sponse to these general alarm calls, receivers approach the sound ever, whether vocalizations similarly evoke mental images in source and scan the surroundings (17), but do not show any animal communication systems is surprisingly unknown. Japanese specific behaviors to defend themselves against snakes (15, 16). tits (Parus minor) produce specific alarm calls when and only when Based on these previous studies, I hypothesized that snake- encountering a predatory snake. Here, I show that simply hearing specific alarm calls evoke a visual search image of a snake in tits. these calls causes tits to become more visually perceptive to ob- A key prediction of this hypothesis is that receivers are primed to jects resembling snakes. During playback of snake-specific alarm detect snakes when hearing snake-specific alarm calls. However, calls, tits approach a wooden stick being moved in a snake-like to provide evidence for visual mental imagery, individuals should fashion. However, tits do not respond to the same stick when be primed to detect snakes even in the absence of real snakes, ’ hearing other call types or if the stick s movement is dissimilar since simply seeing a snake may directly trigger its mental image to that of a snake. -
Japan in Winter January 13–25, 2018
JAPAN IN WINTER JANUARY 13–25, 2018 Japanese (Red-crowned) Cranes dancing. Photo: S. Hilty LEADERS: KAZ SHINODA & STEVE HILTY with KOJI NIIYA one morning on HOKKAIDO LIST COMPILED BY: STEVE HILTY VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM JAPAN IN WINTER: A CRANE & SEA-EAGLE SPECTACLE! By Steve Hilty One of the top highlights mentioned by most members of the group was a Ural Owl sleeping in a large, picturesque tree hollow. It was, in fact, an image that could have been plucked straight from an illustrated book of fairy tales from the Middle Ages. A male Eurasian Bullfinch in beautiful morning light also garnered top honors and, surprisingly, so did the diminutive Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker. For several of us, a large flock of Rooks eluding repeated prey- capture attempts by a Peregrine Falcon (the Rooks being more capable and wily than they might appear) over a large expanse of rice paddies was a trip highlight. Also prized were more than a dozen Stellar’s and White-tailed sea-eagles perched on a forested Hokkaido hillside during a snowstorm. The arrival of a Blakiston’s Fish-Owl at a small pool resulted in a mass exodus from our rather sedate and stylized Japanese dinner. And yes, then there were the Japanese Cranes, lumps of black and white fluff standing in a frigid river as steamy mists from the thermally- heated river water rose around them—a surreal and unforgettable setting. Surprisingly, perhaps, the Mandarin Ducks received not a single nod at the end—perhaps because they were a little distant—although they generated much excitement the morning we saw them, and the image of a stately pair cruising steadily across a mirror-smooth lake in early morning light, their narrow wake line trailing behind, will not likely be forgotten. -
Comparative Analysis of Hissing Calls in Five Tit Species Li Zhang, Jianping Liu, Zezhong Gao, Lei Zhang, Dongmei Wan, Wei Liang, Anders Pape Møller
Comparative analysis of hissing calls in five tit species Li Zhang, Jianping Liu, Zezhong Gao, Lei Zhang, Dongmei Wan, Wei Liang, Anders Pape Møller To cite this version: Li Zhang, Jianping Liu, Zezhong Gao, Lei Zhang, Dongmei Wan, et al.. Comparative analysis of hissing calls in five tit species. Behavioural Processes, Elsevier, 2019. hal-03024634 HAL Id: hal-03024634 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03024634 Submitted on 25 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Comparative analysis of hissing calls in five tit species 1 2 1 1 1, * 2 Li Zhang , Jianping Liu , Zezhong Gao , Lei Zhang , Dongmei Wan , Wei 2, * 3 3 Liang , Anders Pape Møller 1 4 Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, 5 College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China 2 6 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, 7 College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China 3 8 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 9 AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France 10 Email address: 11 LZ, [email protected], ID: 0000-0003-1224-7855 12 JL, [email protected], ID: 0000-0001-6526-8831 13 ZG, [email protected] 14 LZ, [email protected], ID: 0000-0003-2328-1194 15 DW, [email protected], ID: 0000-0002-1465-6110 16 WL, [email protected], ID: 0000-0002-0004-9707 17 APM, [email protected], ID: 0000-0003-3739-4675 18 Word count: 4571 19 *Corresponding author. -
Okinawa Custom Tour 14Th – 17Th April, 2016
Okinawa Custom tour 14th – 17th April, 2016 Tour leader: Charley Hesse Report and photos by Charley Hesse. (All photos were taken on this tour) The endangered endemic Okinawa Rail is a ‘must see’ on the island (Charley Hesse) This short custom extension was run prior to the Taiwan set departure tour. We just visited the main island of Okinawa where we concentrated on the forested north of the island with the local name ‘Yambaru’. Our main targets were the endemic Okinawa Woodpecker & Okinawa Rail, the latter only described as recently as 1981. We saw both easily, but we were also happy to see the endemic Ryukyu Robin & Ryukyu Minivet and several Ryukyu endemic subspecies, including Japanese & Ryukyu Scops-Owls, Whistling Green-Pigeon and Japanese Wood-Pigeon. We enjoyed fantastic birding and some great night excursions on which we saw several owl species, woodcock, the rare Ryukyu long-furred rat and beautiful Akamata snake. Our lodge was perfectly located in the native forests with all the targets on our doorstep. We were lucky to have the lodge to ourselves and the very friendly and helpful staff cooked us some wonderful Japanese food. After cleaning up in the north, we birded our way back to the capital Naha, hitting several areas of rice paddies and mudflats on the way back. We saw several interesting species such as Ruddy-breasted Crake, Yellow Bittern plus the endangered East Asian endemic Black-faced Spoonbill. Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 1 14th April – Naha to Yambaru On arrival in Okinawa, we began our drive north. We left the concrete sprawl of Naha and drove along beautiful coasts towards the forested hills near Kunigami village, or its local name ‘Yambaru’. -
Systematic Notes on Asian Birds. 49 a Preliminary Review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae1
Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49 A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae1 S. Eck † & J. Martens Eck, S. & J. Martens. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remi- zidae and Paridae. Zool. Med. Leiden 80-5 (1), 21.xii.2006: 1-63, fi gs. 1-6, Plates I-III.— ISSN 0024-0672. Siegfried Eck †, formerly Staatliche Sammlungen für Naturkunde Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. Jochen Martens, Institut für Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Paridae; Aegithalidae; Remizidae; species limits; systematics; taxonomy; eastern Palaearctic region; Indo-Malayan region; morphology; bioacoustics; molecular genetics; secondary contacts; hy- bridisation; introgression. Proposed recent taxonomic changes in Paridae, Aegithalidae, and Remizidae are reviewed within the geographic scope of this series and their reliability is discussed in terms of the Biological Species Concept with respect to secondary contacts, hybridization, introgression, bioacoustics, and molecular genetics. Certain previously unpublished data are added to support the taxonomic decisions. Introduction This review benefi ts from the excellent treatment of these three passerine families in the monograph by Harrap (1996) 2, preceded by detailed work by Vaurie (1957a, b) on the Palearctic species set upon which Snow (1967) based his treatment for Peters’s Checklist of the Birds of the World. Only after the publication of Harrap (op. cit.) has molecular ge- netics begun to furnish information on parid systematics and taxonomy. This has not only given insights into population structure and population genetics of various taxa, but also helped understanding of species evolution and species limits. -
Wednesday, March 14
Antipredator behavior Antipredator behavior Nonsocial species may rely on crypsis, aposematism or mimicry scorpionfish lonomia moth katydid Antipredator behavior Testing adaptations Nonsocial species may rely on We presume these are crypsis, aposematism or mimicry adaptations to predation, but how to be sure? against conspicuous background Catocala spp. Detection index Detection against cryptic background Müllerian mimicry: unpalatable species converge Batesian mimicry: palatable Trials mimic unpalatable model Testing adaptations What about the aposematic hindwings of Catocala spp.? Blue jays trained on: Then presented with: Result: Cryptic hindwings Aposematic hindwings Startled! Aposematic hindwings Aposematic hindwings Not startled Aposematic hindwings Different aposematic hindwings Startled! How does this affect hindwing coloration across the genus? 1 Scarlet kingsnake, Lampropeltis triangulum Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius Scarlet kingsnake, Lampropeltis triangulum Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius Non-venomous Highly venomous Hypothesis Bright coloration with striking Bright coloration with striking Kingsnakes are protected from predators banding patterns banding patterns because they mimic venomous coral snakes (red + black) (red + yellow) Kingsnakes ONLY Kingsnakes Coral snakes Coral snakes and Hypothesis Kingsnakes Kingsnakes are protected from predators because they mimic venomous coral snakes Scarlet kingsnake, Lampropeltis triangulum Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius Scarlet kingsnake, Lampropeltis triangulum -
Paridae Species Tree
Paridae: Tits & Chickadees Fire-capped Tit, Cephalopyrus flammiceps Cephalopyrus Yellow-browed Tit, Sylviparus modestus Sylviparus Sultan Tit, Melanochlora sultanea Melanochlora Coal Tit, Periparus ater Rufous-naped Tit, Periparus rufonuchalis Periparus Rufous-vented Tit, Periparus rubidiventris Yellow-bellied Tit, Pardaliparus venustulus Elegant Tit, Pardaliparus elegans Pardaliparus Palawan Tit, Pardaliparus amabilis Bridled Titmouse, Baeolophus wollweberi Oak Titmouse, Baeolophus inornatus Baeolophus Juniper Titmouse, Baeolophus ridgwayi Tufted Titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor Black-crested Titmouse, Baeolophus atricristatus Gray Crested-Tit, Lophophanes dichrous Lophophanes Crested Tit / European Crested-Tit, Lophophanes cristatus White-fronted Tit, Sittiparus semilarvatus Chestnut-bellied Tit, Sittiparus castaneoventris Sittiparus Varied Tit, Sittiparus varius Iriomote Tit, Sittiparus olivaceus White-browed Tit, Poecile superciliosus Sombre Tit, Poecile lugubris Pere David’s Tit, Poecile davidi Marsh Tit, Poecile palustris Caspian Tit, Poecile hyrcanus Poecile Black-bibbed Tit, Poecile hypermelaenus Willow Tit, Poecile montanus Sichuan Tit, Poecile weigoldicus Gray-headed Chickadee, Poecile cinctus Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonicus Chestnut-backed Chickadee, Poecile rufescens Black-capped Chickadee, Poecile atricapillus Carolina Chickadee, Poecile carolinensis Mountain Chickadee, Poecile gambeli Mexican Chickadee, Poecile sclateri Eurasian Blue Tit, Cyanistes caeruleus Azure Tit, Cyanistes cyanus Palma Blue Tit, Cyanistes palmensis -
Japan in Winter
JAPAN IN WINTER JANUARY 19–31, 2019 Red-crowned Crane roost, Setsuri River, Tsurui, Hokkaido - Photo: Arne van Lamoen LEADERS: KAZ SHINODA & ARNE VAN LAMOEN LIST COMPILED BY: ARNE VAN LAMOEN VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM JAPAN IN WINTER: A CRANE & SEA-EAGLE SPECTACLE! By Arne van Lamoen For a trip as unique as VENT’s “Japan in Winter” tour, it is very difficult to reduce an eleven-day trip into a single, representative highlight. Moreover, to do so would be to eschew a great many other lifetime memories unlikely to be objectively less remarkable. I content myself here to a smattering then, in the interest of brevity, but as is so often the case when describing the beauty and majesty of nature—and birds in particular—mere words will not do these sightings justice. This tour featured several new life birds for even our most seasoned and almost impossibly well-traveled participants, Trent and Meta. I know that for them, the Japanese endemics (and near endemics) such as the Ryukyu Minivet sighted in Kyushu ( Pericrocotus tegimae ) and resident Red-crowned Cranes in Hokkaido ( Grus japonensis ) were among several trip highlights. For others, the inescapable grandeur and majesty of Steller’s Sea-Eagles ( Haliaeetus pelagicus ), both perched on snowy trees and overhead in flight, could not be denied. I count myself among them. Still others were enamored with the rare Baikal Teals ( Sibirionetta formosa ) spotted in a partially iced-over reservoir on Kyushu and the even (globally) rarer Black-faced Spoonbills ( Platalea minor ) and solitary Saunder’s Gull ( Chroicocephalus saundersi ) which we sighted not five minutes apart along the Hi River.