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This Is a Digitised Version of the Original https://theses.gla.ac.uk/30654/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Glasgow Theses Project: ProQuest: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] FORAMINIFERA OF THE UPPER LIMESTONE GROUP OF THE SCOTTISH CARBONIFEROUS. A. N. Hutton. CONTENTS. VOLUME 1. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Stratigraphy 1* Scope of Collection 7. Acknowledgments. ■ 8. CHAPTER 2. A New Technique for the Study of Smaller Foraminifera in Indurated Limestones. 10. INTRODUCTION 10. PROCEDURE 12. CHAPTER 5. Endothyra. Paramillerella and associated endothyrid and primitive fusulinid foraminifers. 18. MORPHOLOGY 18. The Wall 18. Secondary Deposits 32. Chambers 37. Septa 39. Aperture 40. POPULATION ANALYSIS 41. Explanation of Statistical Symbols 48. CONTENTS - VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 3» - cont. SYSTEMATIC S 65. Sub order Fusulinina 76. Superfamily Endothyracea 76. Family Endothyridea 78. Subfamily Endothyrinae 79. Genus Endothyra 79. Endothyra nhrissa (D.N. Zeller) 95. Endothyra barbata sp. nov. 100. Endothyra nandorae (D.N. Zeller) 103. Endothyra naucinodosa sp. nov. 109. Genus Zellerella gen, nov. 111. Genus Endostaffella 118. Endostaffella modica sp. nov. 125. Endostaffella inflata sp. nov. 132. Genus Novella 136. Novella minuta 143. Subfamily Ozawainellinae 150. Genus Paramillerella 151. Vissarionovella sub. gen. nov. 173. Cher nousove 11a 11 11 H 177. Paramillerella !l »» it 183. P. (Paramillerella) indicis sp. nov. 186. P. (Paramillerella) 1. Indicis subsp. nov. 189. CONTENTS - VOLUME 1. CHAPTER 3, - cont. P» (Paramillerella) i,. subradiata — subsp. nov. •. 194. P. (Paramillereila) radiata (£rady)• 202. P. (Paramillerella) involuta sp. nov. 213. P. (Paramillerella) ayrensls 218. P. (Paramillerella) craigburnensis 226. P. (Paramillerella) hemisphaerlca 232. P. (Paramillerella) westerwoodensis 238. Family Staffellidae 244. Genus P Beudoendothyra 244. Pseudoendothyra diaphana 251. Subfamily Bradyininae 257. Genus Bradyina 257. Bradyina samarinaformis sp. nov. 258. Bradyina perforata sp. nov. 264. Genus Endothyranopsis 271. Endothyranopsis sphaerlca 271. STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 277. TEXT FIGURES VOLUME 1. I AFTER P. 1. Map Showing Distribution of Upper Limestone Group Strata in the Midland Valley of Scotland. 4* 2. Position of the coral bed in relation to the base of the Calmy Limestone. 5. 3. Illustrating the development of chambers and secondary deposits. 35. 4. Endothvra nhrlsBa - morphology in thin section, 85. 5. Endothvra nhrissa - external form, 86. 6. Relationship of the subgenera Vissarionovella. Chernousovella and Paramillerella. 166. 7. Variation in Peripheral Shape. 170. 8. Phylogeny and Distribution of Endothyridae. 274. 9. Range of endothyrid species. 275. PLATES - VOLUME 1 1-2. and explanations following Chapter 2 .. p. 17* 3-21. and explanations following Chapter 3 .. p.277. TABLES - VOLUME 1. PAGE. 1. Upper Limestone Group - Stratigraphic setting. 2. 2. Distribution and Thickness of Marine Horizons. 3. 3. Sagittal diameter versus Axial diameter. 47. 4. Size of proloculum iri relation to other dimensions. 52. Endostaffe11a modica - Statistics: 5. Population from Index Limestone, Poniel Water. 129. 6. 11 11 Lyoncrose 11 Whitecraigs. 130. 7. 11 11 '• 11 Overlee. 131. Novella minuta - Statistics: 8. Population from Orchard Shale, Strutherhill. 147. 9. 11 11 11 Limestone, Poniel X Water. 148^ 10. tf 11 Calmy ,f River Nethan. 149. Paramillerella indicis indicis - Statistics; 11 & 12. Population from Index Limestone, Poniel 192, Water. 193. Paramillerella i9 subradiata - Statistics. 13. Population from Lyoncross Limestone, Whitecraigs. 198. TABLES - VOLUME 1 PAGE 14* Population from Lyoncross Limestone, Whitecraigs. 199. 15. 11 u 11 11 Overlee. 200. IQ' tt It It It it 201. Paramillerella radiata (Brady) -Statistics; 17. Population from Orchard Limestone, Strutherhill. 208. 18. it it it it it 209. 19. " " 11 11 Poniel Water. 210. 20. it it it it it it 211. 21. M M 11 Garpel Water. 212. 22. A comparison of mean chamber counts from the above localities. 212. Paramillerella involuta - Statistics: 23. Population from Calmy Limestone, Spireslack. 216. 24* it ti it it it 217. Paramillerella avrensis - Statistics; 25. Population from Craigburn 2W 26. 11 11 11 223. 27. 11 11 Lyoncross Limestone, Garpel Water. 224. 20 it it it it it it 225. Paramillerella- craigburnensis - Statistics: 29. Population from Plean Limestone, Craigburn. 230. 30. 11 it it it it 231. 5 TABLES - VOLUME 1, PAGE. Paramillerella hemisphaerica - Statistics: 31. Population from Plean Limestone, Beoch Bore. 236. 32^ 11 11 11 ** *• 237. Paramillerella westerwoodensis. - Statistics: 33. Population from Castelcary Limestone, Westerwood. 242. 34. «» »» «» w <» 243. Pseudoendothyra diaphana - Statistics: 35. Population from Index Limestone, Poniel Water. 255. 36. 11 11 11 11 11 11 256. Bradyina samarinaformls - Statistics: 37. Population from Index Limestone, Poniel Water. 262. 38. Thickness of Wall. 263. 39. Form Ratio. 263. Bradyina perforata - Statistics: 40. Castlecary Limestone^ Westerwood Quarry. 267. 411 Plean Limestone^ Beoch and Craigburn. 268. 42. Orchard Limestone, various localities. 269. 43. Dimensions of Axial sections. 270. 44. Comparison of Dimensions. 270. Endothyranopsis sphaerica - Statistics: 45. Population from Castlecary Limestone, Westerwood. 275. 46. Form Ratio. 276. % I s INTRODUCTION. The earliest research on Scottish Carboniferous foraminifers was carried out by Brady almost a century ago. He identified two species recorded from two localities in the Upper Limestone Group in the faunal lists of Young & Armstrong (1871) and, later, with the aid of the Geological Survey collectors, through the services of Etheridge, the Survey palaeontologist at that time, produced a list of nine species from four localities (Brady 1873). In 1876 Brady's monograph was published embodying the results of the study of material obtained largely from the Geological Survey. * Sixteen species were recognized from nineteen localities which covered the range of the more important limestones in the Upper Limestone Group. Recently Cummings (1955a, 1955b, 1956) restudied Brady1 collections and the material in the collections of the Geological Survey, and made important revision of the taxonomy. Otherwise, no particular study has hitherto been made of the foraminifers from the Upper Limestone Group, and despite the works cited? not a great deal is known about their distribution or stratigraphic significance. Stratigraphy: The Upper Limestone Group is the uppermost division of the Scottish Carboniferous Limestone, 2. Series and, together with'the lower part of the over­ lying Passage Group, is of Upper Eumorphoceras (E2) age (Currie, 1954, p.535). Its position in relation to the Carboniferous strata elsewhere is illustrated in Table 1..... ..................................... Table 1. SCOTLAND I ENGLAND Coal Measures Coal Measures Westphalian Passage Group Upper Limestone Group Millstone Grit Namurian Series Limestone Coal Group Lower Limestone Group Carboniferous Visean Limestone Series Calciferous Sandstone Measures The sediments of the Upper Limestone Group display a rhythmic sequence but tend to be predominantly arenaceous with thin limestones and coals, in contrast^ to the thick coals and paucity of limestones of the Limestone Coal Group, and the thick limestone shale sequences of the Lower Limestone Group. The limestones, however, although often poorly developed and argillaceous, are p^lesistent and enjoy a wide lateral development with the major horizons present throughout the Midland Valley of Scotland, A number of minor limestones occur which are of much more limited extent, hut whose stratigraphic position can often he widely recognised as they pass laterally into poorly fossil-. :iferous shales and sandstones. The succession of limestones is as follows, with the top and bottom of the group defined by the Castlecary and Index Limestones respectively: Major Limestone Minor Limestone Castlecary Plean No.3 Plean No.2 Plean No.1 Calmy Myremailing Marine Band Orchard Lyoncross Huntershill Marine Band Index The foraminifers are, of course, confined almost entirely to the marine limestone and calcareous shale phases of the sedimentary cycle. In Table 2 some indication is given of the distribution and thickness of the marine horizons within the Midland Valley. The stratigraphical interpretation followed is broadly that of the Scottish Geological.Survey in M onkton House Bore Boreland Bore Mossneuk Bore Culross Bore & B la ir M ains No .2 Bore Q ue enslie N o .2 Bore Cardowan No.3 Shaft W atstonmids N o . l Bore Rosehi 11 Rosehi11 N o . 1 Bore Wolfcrooks N o.l Bore Brokencrossmuir N o .IA Bore Caaf Water, Dairy I | Hartwood Bore | C a rb e llo w n o .87 Bore Lugton Water, Montgreenan Linthouse N o .3 A Bore New Cumnock Collieries Beoch Bore TABLE N o . l . B o w h ill N o . 12 Bore Variation in the thickness of the Upper Limestone Group and its mari ne hori zons ^ —I co co > - - ^ j - 0* 5 ^ AWWl 5| 5 5| i N ~ ^ j if in -S co | | | | | | J J “5 | > ^ u_. — lO Castlecary Limestone 1 i i 1 i i 8 8 **-" **-" m **-* |-'-N Plean N o .3 V» s .w .f. q tr> tr> u-' | | | | nl^ooOOTt-OCN n o >o Plean N o .2 |pjioc»> — — — >n WWW s. WWW r s i o o — O C O O ^ T Plean N o . l 14 2 1 s. s. i Calmy " 50 40 24 02 7 5 3 3 0 O(M(V — 't Myremailing Marine Band 0 0 0 s .w .f. 3 IA s .w .f.<A 0 2 *s Orchard Limestone T; s. 3 4 4 1 1 0 .5 0 Lyoncross " 0 0 6 2 1 s .w .f. 0 j ° 0 OCO Huntershill Marine Band 0 0 0 .2 5 0 s .w .f.
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