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(Permian Fusulinacea) from Limestone Pebbles in the Dobaru Formation, the Lowest Part of the Lower Cretaceous Wakino Subgroup, in Kitakyushu City, Japan

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(Permian Fusulinacea) from Limestone Pebbles in the Dobaru Formation, the Lowest Part of the Lower Cretaceous Wakino Subgroup, in Kitakyushu City, Japan Bull. Kitakyushu Mm. Nat. Hist., 20: 1-15, pis. 1-2. March 31, 2001 Neoschwagerina (Permian fusulinacea) from limestone pebbles in the Dobaru Formation, the lowest part of the Lower Cretaceous Wakino Subgroup, in Kitakyushu City, Japan Yasuhiro Ota Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History, 3-6-1, Nishihonmachi, Yahata-higashi-ku, Kitakyushu 805-0061,JAPAN (Received December 20, 2000) Abstract Well-preserved Neoschwagerina aff. cheni lisinghaiana Shung with Parafusulina sp. and Chusenella sp. was recovered from limestone pebbles within the basal conglom erate in the Dobaru Formation, the lowest part of the Lower Cretaceous Wakino Sub group, in Kitakyushu City,Japan. The conglomerate has also yielded well-preserved Parafusulina species: Parafusulhia cf. kaerimizensis (Ozawa), Parafusulina sp. A and Parafusulina sp. B (Ota, 2000). These occurrences support the interpretation that the provenance of this non-crystalline limestone was near the sedimentary basin of the Dobaru Formation in the Early Cretaceous time. These limestone pebbles with Neoschwagerina are considered to have been transported from limestone of the Neoschwagerina simplex Zone in the Tethyan region or with correlatives of Middle Per mian age. Introduction Well-preserved fusulinaceans have recently been found in the basal conglomer ate within the Dobaru Formation, the lowest part of the Lower Cretaceous Wakino Subgroup, in Kitakyushu City (Ota, 2000). The conglomerate with fusulinaceans is highly significant for deciphering the provenance of the limestone in Kitakyushu City and for inferring the paleoenvironment and sedimentological environment of the Wakino Subgroup in the Early Cretaceous time. The PaleozoicYobuno Group (Ota et al, 1992; Nakae, 1998),one of the Carboniferous to Permian groups in the Akiyoshi Terrane, is widely distributed in Kitakyushu City. However, most lime stones in this group generally are crystalline, as are limestones of the Hirao Lime stone Plateau, so well-preserved fusulinaceans have not been reported previously from this group. Ota and Yabumoto (1998) recognized that conglomerates in the Dobaru and Takatsuo Formations of the Wakino Subgroup contain fusulina ceans derived from the underlying Paleozoic Yobuno Group. Ota (2000) first reported well-preserved Parafusulina cf. kaerimizensis (Ozawa), Parafusulina sp. A and 2 Yasuhiro Ota Parafusulina sp. B from the conglomerate in the Dobaru Formation near Hazegatoge, in the Kokuraminami Ward (Kokura-minami-ku) of Kitakyushu City. Parafusulina cf. kaerimizensis is comparative to Parafusulina kaerimizensis, which was first reported by Ozawa (1925a) from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Southwest Japan. Parafusulina sp. A is closely similar to Parafusulina granumavenae reported by Toriyama (1975) from the Rat Buri Limestone in Thailand. From the affinities of the Parafusulina species, the enclosing limestone cobble with Parafusulina species is thought to have a close stratigraphic relationship with limestone of the Parafusulina kaerimizensis Zone in the Akiyoshi Limestone Group and correlatives of Middle Permian age. A newly discovered Neoschwagerina species also occurs at the same locality (Fig. 1), and at the same stratigraphic level as the Parafusulina, namely in limestone pebbles within the conglomerate in the Dobaru Formation, the lowest part of the Lower Cretaceous Wakino Subgroup (Fig. 2). Since Yabe (1903) erected Neoschxvagerina, with Neoschwagerina craticulifera (Schwager) as its type species, over one hundred species of Neoschwagerina have been reported from the Tethyan region. The genus has been studied by many authors, including Hayden (1909), Deprat (1914), Ozawa (1925a, b, 1927), Dunbar and Condra (1927), Lee (1933), Gubler (1935), Anderson (1941), KITAKYUSHU Kokuraminami Ward T^BnfcXVCWW • Fig. 1. Sample location: HZ001 . (The base map is from 1/25,000 of Tokuriki published by Geographical Survey Institute in Japan) Neoschwagerina (Permian fusulinacea) from Kitakyushu City, Japan Ilillil HZ001 Neoschwagerina aff. cheni hsinghaiana SHENG MUDSTONE SANDOSTONE o CHERT 50m ^ UMESTONE Fig. 2. Schematic section of the Dobaru Formation with the fusulinacean limestone pebbles at Hazegatoge [Modified from Oia and Yabumoio (1998) and Nakak (1998)]. 4 Yasuhiro Ota Thompson (1948), Yabe (1948), Hanzawa (1954), Miklukho-Maklay (1957, 1958), Kanmera (1957), Toriyama (1958), Minato and Honjo (1959, 1966), Honjo (1959), Sada (1961, 1963), Leven (1963, 1967, 1980, 1981, 1992, 1993a, b, c, 1997), Hanzawa and Murata (1963), Nogami (1961, 1965), Skinner and Wilde (1966a, b, 1967), Skinner (1969), Ozawa (1970), Yang (1985), Sheng el al. (1988), Loeblich and Tappan (1988), Yang and Zheng (1993), Vachard el al. (1995), Rauser el al (1996), Kobayashi (1997a, b), Zhou and Xie (1997), Zaw (1999) and Yang and Yancey (2000). The general features of the species from Kitakyushu City resemble those of Neoschxoagerina cheni var. fisinghaiana, which was first reported by Sheng (1958) from Chinghai Province, North China. However, its size and number of volutions distin guish it from the latter species. Additional specimens and further studies are needed to determine the specific name with confidence, so I treat the present spe cies as Neoschwagerina aff. cheni hsinghaiana Sheng herein. According to Sada (1963), Neoschwagerina cheni Sheng represents the early adult stage of Neoschwagerina margarilae of Deprat (1913), in which case the two species would be conspecific. Whether or not this is true remains unclear, but the present species has some affini ties with Neoschwagerina cheni and Neoschwagerina cheni fisinghaiana. These species are widespread in the Tethyan region and fusulinaceans showing a great similarity to these two species occur on the Atetsu Limestone Plateau, Japan (Nogami, 1961), and within conglomerates in the northern part of Itsukaichi, Tokyo-to, Japan (Sakagami, 1958), the Maokou Limestone of Chinghai Province, China (Sheng, 1958), the Qinghai - Xizang Plateau (Wang el al 1981), South China (Chen, 1956), and in Permian faunas of Pahang, Malaya (Ishii, 1966, Igo, 1966). Neoschwagerina margarilae Deprat (including the forms of Neoschwagerina cheni sensu Sheng, 1958) occurs in even more localities within the Tethyan region. Therefore, the prov enance of the Kitakyushu Citylimestone with Neoschxoagerina is verysimilar to that of the limestones of these many localities. The Neoschxoagerina species from Kitakyushu Cityis characterized by having the primitive morphological features of Neoschwagerina, including a small shell and rather thick spirotheca, septa and septula, having poorly developed axial and trans verse septula, and by having its first to second volutions lenticular in shape as in Maklaya of Kanmera and Toriyama (1968). Therefore, the present species evi dently is intermediate in form between Neoschwagerina and Maklaya, and seemingly represents the most primitive form of Neoschwagerina. Furthermore, this species has more primitive features than Neoschwagerina craticulifera sensu Leven (1993a) or sensu Depart (1914), and was found together with Parafusulina sp. and Chusenella sp. at Hazegatoge, Kitakyushu City. Accordingly, the originalstratigraphic level of the limestone with those species is considered to be the Neoschwagerina simplex Zone in the Tethyan region or its correlativesof Middle Permian age (Table 1). MIDDLE PERMIAN GUADALUPIAN Roadian Wordian Capitanian Murgabian Midian Sir 1? s >£5 g • II Ma I § I YANGHSINGIAN CHIHSIAN MAOKOIIAN Xiangboan Kuhfengian Lengwuan >• «-Bl Sis. s a o ill •a 5 6 a- § NABEY.YU.VN AKASAKAN KUMAN !! 3* II £IB 3? J"? ?s.-3 as 1 5 5? B p it a.*H 5 5 fi-S i-O. n if *§? it i? uuduf'Xi]3 nqsnA^eifx uiojj (E3DBuijnsnj timuuoj) vutMf3vtmpsoi>^r 6 Yasuhiro Ota Below is a description of Neoschxoagerina aff. cheni lisingfiaiana from Kitakyushu City. Repository: All specimens used in this study are deposited in the Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History, with the designation of KMNH IvP for the registration numbers of the specimens. Sample numbers are given in brackets. Acknowledgments: I thank Dr. Masamichi Ota, Counselor, Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History, for invaluable suggestions and commentary throughout the course of this study. I also thank Dr. Kimiyoshi Sada, Professor Emeritus, Hiroshima University, who provided abundant helpful advice and suggestions dur ing this study. I wish to thank Dr. Tsugio Shuto, Professor Emeritus, Kyushu Uni versity, who provided helpful suggestions on the type script. I specially thank Dr. Louie Marincovich, Earth Science Editing, who kindly reviewed the language in my manuscript. Systematic Paleontology Superfamily FUSULINACEA von Moli.er, 1878 Family NEOSCHWAGERINIDAE Dunbar and Condra, 1927 Subfamily NEOSCHWAGERININAE Dunbar and Condra, 1927 Genus Neoschwagerina Yabe, 1903 Type-species: Schxoagerina craliculifera Schwager, 1883. F. von Richthofen's CHINA, 4, p. 140-143, pi. 18, fig. 15-25. [Thompson, 1948 designated the fig ured specimen (Fig. 17, pi. 18, Schwager, 1883) as the holotype of Schxoagerina craliculifera.] Generic diagnosis: The genus Neoschwagerina has a medium to large and fusiform shell, with bluntly pointed to narrowly rounded poles. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum and keriotheca. The septulum occurs in two directions, i.e., in the direction of the axis of coiling (axial septula) and in the direction of coiling (trans verse or spiral septula). Primary transverse septula are contact with the paracho- mata only adjacent to the septa in primitive forms, but extend
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