DOCUMENT RESUME

SO 030 347 ED 329 500

AUTHOR Geils, Kenneth, Ed. TITLE Passages From , Vol. 1. SPONS AGENCY Center for InternationalEducation (ED), Washington, DC.; United States EducationalFoundation in India. PUB DATE 90 SO 030 346. NOTE 233p.; For related document, see Guides (For PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Teaching Teacher) (052)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Anthologies; *Cultura3. Education;Educational Resources; *Foreign Countries;*Foreign Culture; 1 Instructional Materials; Newspapers;Reading Materials; Secondary Education;*Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *India

ABSTRACT This collection of articlesfrom Indian newspapers is designed for use in the secondaryclassroom to assist with the study of India. There are 12 categoriesof articles: (1) Women: LikeAvis, #2 But Trying Harder; (2) Calcutta:City of Joy;(3) India: Feeling Its Curry;(4) Us & Them: Misunderstandings;(5) Those Monsoon Showers May Come Your Way;(6) Re1.1.:_ous (In)tolerance: TheBabri Dispute; (7) Caste and Outcast;(8) z,roblems Aplenty; (9) Election Year Politics; (10) Isms; Terror,Separat, National...; (11) India's Herblock, Darcy, Oliphant; and(12) Miscellaneous. (DB)

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BEST COPY MAILABLE TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ii

WCMEN: LIKE AVIS, #2 BUT TRYING HARDER

CALCUTTA: CITY OF JOY 27

INDIA: FEELING ITS CURRY 40

US & THEM: MISUNDERSTANDINGS 74

THOSE MONSOON SHOWERS MAY* COME YOUR WAY 87

RELIGIOUS (IN)TOLERANCE: THE BABRI DISPUTE 106

CASTE AND OUTCAST 119

PROBLEMS APLENTY 128

ELECTION YEAR POLITICS 160

ISMS: TERROR, SEPARAT, NATIONAL.. 175

INDIA'S HERBLOCK, DARCY, OLIPHANT 184

MISCELLANEOUS 193 During the summer of 89, I travelled to India with 17 other American high school teachers on a Fulbright-Hays Seminar Grant to study Indian History and Culture. And as a teacher of the Afro,Asian Wbrld (Social Studies 9), now renamed, as we have the want to do, Global Studies 1, I read, travelled, and studied in all the areas of the course except for India. This was to be my jewel in the academic crowri.

Upon acceptance in early April of 1989, the United States Department of Education and USEFI (United States Educational Foundation in India), in particular, began inundat- ing me with pamphlets, suggested reading lists, articles, travel tips. This all culminated with a 2-plus day orientation program in Ifbshington, D.C. just prior to departure. Four former Indian FUlbrighters tried to further sensitize us to India by sharing their thoughts and experiences (slides, music, incense, remembrances). Visits to Indian restaurants and a collective greeting at the Indian Etbassy capped it off.

D.C. to Delhi is a real "schlep" as they say in Yiddish. arrived at 3 A.M. the day after we left - add 91 hours of time zones (I still don't understand that time aberration), 15 hours +/- flight time, and a two-hour layover in Frankfurt, W. Germany. As much as I read about India, viewed videos and TV productions, spoke to my Indian students (Elmont Memorial High School is blessed with a growing population from the Sub, Continent, and several of my students offered me their orientation program to their forme; home), listenedto,gueried, heard from former FUlbrighters - nothing totally prepared me for the immensity of what is India.

Indira Gandhi International Airport is like and unlike any airport in the world be it JFK, O'Hare, Or Dulles. Multitudes of humanity at 3 A.M.; a whirling endless movertent, but amidst that are people sleeping on the pavement. And, of course, the heat and humidity - it is instant (and a constant state of) meltdown. The difference between 3 A.M. and 3 P.M. (on that July day) is only a matter of a few degrees and a few percentage points; the temperature and humidity race each other towards 100. The smell of incense (by the end of the trip my olfactory (or is it old factory) could distinguish between jasmine, saffron, etc.) and the smell of urine reached my nostrils as we left the airport.

Yes it's all there - beggars on the streets, pUblic defecation, the occasional lepers outside public monuments, the "holy" cows, ladies in saris with their forehead dot (bundis), saffron robed religious figures (sadhus) saying prayers, chanting mantras. One must not dwell on the negatives or what we have stereotyped India to be. Tb often our media, and we share the guilt by internalizing and accepting these short vignettes or terse commentaries as being universal, portray India as a land of beggars with immense poverty; but there is beauty, wealth, productivity, and industry. Wb look at India as India during the Raj, or the MLIghal dynasties- that faraway place in a faraway time, those bejeweled, bygcne days that mystify and captivate our imaginations. In a way India straddles time zones for much of rural India, village India as Oscar Lewis said, lives in an age gone by. But the urban India, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta are like Paris, D.C., and New York.

So India stands with one foot in the distant past and another in the 20th century. Arranged marriages, dowry deaths, caste obligations, exist side by side with Ntbel Prize experiments in light refraction, nuclear technology, and satellites being orbited around the earth.

One aeasure of a society is to read its daily newspapers; India's newspapers range in quality from my favorites (the New York Times andNewsday) to the lower end of the journalistic spectrum (the pap one can scan while waiting at the super- market checkout line). There is no lack of choice and more encouraging is that there is freedom of the press. There is a vocal, verbal, loyal and otherwise, opposition with a full sociopolitical spectrum of viewpoints. As I read the daily papers (Indian Express, The Times of India, The Hindustan Times, TheHindu, The Statesman et al), I felt I was beginning to grasp the vitality, the dynamism of this wonderful nation.

Yes, there is poverty aplenty. Yes, it's a land of 500,000 plus villages of mud brick homes. Yes marriages are still arranged and some girls are married in their early teens - don't harbor cn the negative. Sense it, feel it, experience it and you'll love it as I did.

I've collected newspaper articles over the 40 plus days I sojourned on the sub, continent. They come fram all over - from Srinigar in the Vale of Kashmir to the bone white sands of Madras beaches; ±ram the urbane streets of Boirbay to the Ghats on the Ganga in Varanasi; from Agra and its marblemagnificance, the Taj Mahal, to Calcutta,theCity of Joyiand Mother Teresa, bless her soul. I've divideu them into severalcategories with catchy Madison Avenue titles???; and I've added some comments to each section including same possible uses for some of the articles in the classroom.

Nam aste. eft. 4 r 4 Published from Delhi and Patna :THEHINDUSTAN.TIMES ' Vol UN1 No. 215. Late City New Delhi Friday August 4 1989 20 Pages As 1.50

India's National Newspaper Printed at Madras. Coirnbatore. . . Medurai and Gurga0n. New Dolhi Edition

-...... 10.111M1111141.. ,./..e.g. INDIANE" R New Delhi: Tuesday,August 1, 1989 24 PAGES India's largest dailynewspaper ISTASLISHED ISIS THE TIMESOF II 4DIA NO. 219 VOL CLII * Rs. 1.30 BOMBAY: TUESDAY, AUGUST 8, 1989 Delhi Bangalore Jaipur Patna

LATE CITY EDITION AIR SURCHARGE EXTRA

=11., S A ESLAM\ REG. NO. 11(0.87 REG. NO. M-8905 DELHI, TUESDAY, AUGUST 1. 1989 R.N.I. NO C0767 Rs. 1.4

4 WOMEN:LIKE AVIS ,#2 BUT TRYING HARDER WOMEN: LIKE AVIS, #2 BUT TRYING HARDER

On my very first night in New Delhi atthe Claridges Hotel, I was regaled with a wedding ceremony.The groom arrived on horseback decked outin a jeweled turban and a cream white suit. He was preceded up the local streetsby a marching band fully attired in what I saw as disheveled high school banduniforms. Members of the groom's family, males mostly, walked on all sides of the groam in aless than military march. The musical fanfare was accompanied by a lightshow of sorts; men carrying same neon lights in a triangular shape (10 of them) walked ahead of theband. This gaudy, loyal column approached the Claridge at a funeral pace,adding passersby, me included, along their route.

In the hotel the bride's family and female membersof the groam's entouraae awaited the groam's dramtic entrance. The women wore beautiful saris, each one morebeautiful than the other - silk mostly w_th some cotton ones, most sewnwith gold or silver thread. It was a stunning, beautiful assemblage ofstunningly beautiful women of all ages. This was an upper-class affair, and although many Indiansperceive all Americans as affluent, virtually every member ofthe wedding party could have bought and sold this Long Island teacher. The sheer joy that this event produced overflowed on tothe foreign guests staying at the hotel. Many of my fella,/ Fulbrighters were invited to join in the wedding. So here I am Chicago CUb t-shirt, a pair of beige khakis and my Reeboks - I felt like an cutcast albeit a most welcomed one. The bride entered led by two flower petal tossing childrem.She wore a beautiful Indian outfit - an overblouse and pants - of cream, yellow, beige, and muted red. Flowers in her hair, a large ring in her nostril and other jewel accessories added color andenchantment to her presence. my eyes looked upon her before her groam caught hisfirst glimpse - so technically I saw her first. For,yes, this was an arranged marriage, atraditional one.

To an Amelican who has sampled the Americaninstitution of marriage on more than one occasion, and one who believesin it wholeheartedly, I was curious to the pros and cons of the "arranged marriage."There are many. Imagine as a teenagers all the pressure of dating, wondering if your prince will ever come, etc. - yourIndian counterpart doesn't have these concerns. He knows his parent will find someone befitting the family's status.

India is not a marital paradise. Wamen are sill second class citizens but this is changing especially among the urban educated (this,however, is a minute percentage of the nation's total population). The articles on the following pages indicate some of the problems that Indian women face some uniquely theirs, othersquite universal.

A) Dowry deaths - yes, they are shocking. You might want to ask your students why they are happening? What does it tell one about society? If we complain about our mothers-in-law, consider the youngIndian bride's plight.

B) What physical abuse are yourg women in our society subjected to(date rape, etc.) try to make the students see chat the abuse of wumenis not uniquely an Indian phenomenon.

C) The matrimonial ads attached here are hysterical. Have the kids read saw of the guy's ads and some of the ladies. Again what can one learn about a society by reading a series of these ads? Tell the students to bring some ads from their local papers (marriac,e ads) and compare them or have the kidstell you what can ho learned about that society from those ads.

-2 D) Indian movies - I have an article here about soaked heroines; and, one could compare cur movies to the Indian variety along the lines of using women as lures to increase the box office. Have the students bring in movie ads that are suggestive, exploitive.

E) Equal pay for equal work - list a variety of jobs on the board and see if the students feel/know that women and men have an equal opportunity e.g. pro sports, medicine, law, government. Several of the articles included seem to indicate that it's an uphill battle for women to break into certain professions, and even then get equal pay.

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Vol XLVI No 157 Deihl Wednesday July 5 111119 75 Peke 12 Pages G D ry item. Mrs Babli said both of them WM beaten upreg- ularly by their in-laws. The magistrate completed his inquiries yesterday and for- EN Correspondent statement to the Punjabi Bathelse in the house at that dme.warded his report to the local NEW DELHI, July S Sub-Divisonal magistrate, said Literintbeafternoon,police last night. A 21-year-old womanwmat about 2 p.m. Sudesh Pal aqdwhen all tbe family members North-West District police strangled with a rope andSunita forcibly tied aropereturned home, they decidedchief S. K. Jain said a case of cremated in North-Westaround Saroj's neck andwereto cremate Saroj. Even the vil-murder and harassmentwas strangling her when she rushedlage pradhan, Mr Bhagwan,aregistered against Sudesh Pal Delhi because she couldto.the room hearing Sarojdistant relatlie of the Sudeshand his family "his morning. A not bring sufficient dow- Pal family, agreed to keeppolice team had been sent to r7- quiet. the village for arresting theac- Saroj was strangled witha Sarojwas cremited themed. rope by her husband, Sudesh AIL same afternoon. Her family He said Sudesh Pal .and Pal, and his sister, &mita, in members,. however, were in-Sunita are wanted for murder their house at Jatkod villagescream. fonned at 8 p.m. only, at leastwhile Babli's husband, Shri under Kanjhawala police sta- Sudhes Pal let Sarojgo andfive hours after the cremation.Pal, and his parents are wanted tion in the afternoon of Junepounced onBsbli.Bab% Mrs Sabi; and her parents,for harassment for dowry. 23, alleged Mrs Babli, Sarorsaccording to her statement,who reported the matter to the sister married to Sudesh Pal'swas kicked and hit with fistiPunjabi Bagh SDM later, com- brother, Shri Pal. She is thebefore being lockedup in aplained that Sudesh Pal and his sole witness to the murder ofroom. family had been harassing both 1 1 her sister. Soonafter,Sarojwasthe sisters for not bringing tele- Mrs Babli, who made herstrangled. Therewas no onevision, fridge and similar dow- it was an article in Manuhi that spnrkez; ciftiit. ment Studies and student bodies 4-- also joined in. recent debate on dowry. I: womn'f. ri t.. The Manch took up a wide equal inheritance the solutkmto the dt)w range of issues besides changes in problem? laws equal inheritance rights. r*stration of marriages and all Seetha speaks to gifts given at the time of mar- women activists to find ow riage, family courts, lepl aid and employment opportunities. The BUND Pile and Ja ltadowry are not willine to give upconsistentpressure anda Sawaal. Two searingdowry." The thrust tit' Kishwar's massive rally at the Boat Club in films on a burningargument was that women's right 1982 culminated in the Dowry issue dowry. Longto equal inheritance end equal Prohibition (Amendment) Act after they were tele-control over property must be being passed. cast, letters continue to pour intotranslated from paper law into But tbe practice has not even newspaperoffices,expressingconcrete fact to effect any mean-been dented. Rather, over the people's anguish and anger at theingful chany in their status. Tillyears it hss spread to com- system. then. merel) calling for abolition munities and regions which were But public mourning is all thatof dowry will make no difference not practising it earlier and dowry victims like the Kanpureither tathepractice or tointensified among communities and Palghat sisters and Shalinithe powerless status of women as which were practising it. Malhotra get. For despite legislat-dauehters and wives. ive Will equal inheritance rights measures and increased Kithwar has a point but it's make a difference? Many believe awareness, the spectre of dowrynot a new one. Tbe awareness it will to an extent. For dowry, still looms large over Indianthat dowry bss to be tackled fromquite often,is seen as pre- women, taking its toll of livesvarious fronts was there at themorteminheritanceiein- both after marriage and before.time the anti-dowry movementheritance before death. People, But for bow lone are women towas at its peak in the early andSaheli volunteers say, often give be made sacrificial Iambs at themid-'1101. The movement started dowry instead of Ovine a share in altar of dowry? What is behindoff when in the late '701 a largeproperty. This is one of the this insatiable greed? Who is tonumber of married women werereasons why girls themselves are vanquish the system and whereeither murdered or committed not willing to forgo dowry, even does its weak spot lie? Thereeresuicide due todowry-relatedas a matter of principle. no easy answers to theme ques-harassment. But there are basic differences, tions.For though women's not the least that one comes into groups realise the complexity of aninheritanceonlyafter a the iliac involving as it doesCampaign parent's death, which may well various other aspects like family be 20 to 25 years after marriage. prestige, the position of womenemsemmim Dowry, on the other hand, esters in society, attitudes towardsmar- Tbe attack on the system was riage to the immediate needs of the in- there has been littlethree-pronged,saysRanjanalaws for cash and luxury goods. effort to study the whys andKumari, vice-president of the In * paper on "Women and wherefores of the system. TheMahila Dakshits Samiti. TheLand Rights in India" in the causes of dowry, says a Sahelpresshighlightedsuchcases.Journal of Peasant Studies. Bina worker, are yet to be identified,Pramila Dnndavate moveda bill there are no meaningIbl studies Agarwal of the Institute of Econ- in Parliament seekingan amend-omic Growthlists .fivedif- into the middle class psyche toment to the Dowry Prohibitionferences between dowry and in- see what makes people demandAct.1961.This waslaterheritance: dowry. withdrawn in favour of an of- The quantum of dowry has no But now a great dowry debateficial bill. And five majorna- relation to tht shares of sons in is on. sparked off by an artick in tional women's groups the All-ancestral property. While the Manushi..ha editor. MadhuIndia Women's Conference.sons'sharesarefixed,the Kishwar, noted that a pledgeMahila DaluthitaSamiti, Na-amount of dowry depends on a taken in the early 1980: nottotionalFederation of Indianrange of factors such as the econ- attend any cowry weddings inWomen, YWCA, and Janwadiomic situation of the family, the the hope that this would buildupMahila &emit got together toaffluence and qualifications of a pressurewithin families andform the Dahej Yirodhi Chetna IIIm and the social status of his communities against the practice Manch. A number of otheror- 0y, the attractiveness of the did not have the desired effect.ganisations women's groups bride, the marriage alliance.. con- "Most young women for whoselike Saheb and Karmika, thetracted by ber sisters. benefit we *ish to 'abohsh'Centrc for Women's Doelop- %%ether or not dowry is girn

1 trl.1 "LAKM lirt t fw. SINlithirtatirVSsi r fAli PINg' tu!niter iiis.'Neb.. Eno! og dwirrawrimmMilarillr t dowry. NW "their opinion'Mksliana outebee maskat Isn't asked, nogg when it comes home. to their trouseeen. In dick !obeli As long as Os condnue be:: volunteers *el it ietnreel soseen as a butdea, sot OW pink Osiris redwing dowry. h is. :ea *rained In them" tVorroliot al:: 'but what happens Ifs Oki pleb bride-burning cum This is wiat: up away to refine to go abeed happened in the Who Owl: with a socelled "dowry mar- case, eays Madhok. The ttlese"_. SabaCOMOacross onebend lad been lives a death: soch Case some 'son bath. Thesentence by the trial work but' parents kicked up big theewas sequined by tha Delhi shish table about haw, the glenaiurt and was Sued. Alter an *num marriya prospects andNoptel.the Some Cowl gm of her skiers. sentenced him to lib kngsboa- This is where attitudes towards inent but the sentence was sot loonier and women become'carried out kr IS months. Mean Imponant. Diu Agerwal Ws itwbile, the men remewied wed - 4s very imponant fbr a gIrl to7bad a deadly his sewed wits. A bave a &gee !a marriage.thdata!shell volunteer narrated a siini-2

Over the Years tlie Practice of dowry has spread to communities and regions where it wasn't prevalent befute. WIll equal inheritance rights make a difference? Man* believe it will to an

extent. For dowry, quite often, is seen as pre-. . Mortem, le inheritance before death. Peopk, say wor ten's activists, often give dowry instead of givinz a share in property. This is one of the reasons why girls themselves.are not 'willingtOforgo dowry, even as &matter of 1 rind le.

:bladholc, cOotdikslorda ca-se. - Asis, :law Thee Service; feels .Mut onus eiet.eciiing Ikstry, rilli.7AillIkIll 01*wry 611 thejide . olLideaway witb the .ZILZIet And WA*, gilts 1001! -.0.-.11trangedmar-evID haw to change their per- 'As long is num*. ii aceptions about themselves. They. rbetween two *nags ,have to use their education :to the determining door islight for opal Medusa", no- respective Salmis! stewscord* to line Aprwal awl set, - not the individuals, dowryas Saheb volunteer pale il, wilt stay. If e man is sees assee bow I an ott abulasay..4 taking a liability away bow thethis sod,Sabel las warted be .has to be oom-awareness campaigns in led for Abe burdea be is Ultimately,iodWiduall= oa." .- ...... , , . to fight, say SAWA voluatewhin, ! vTill such dme ite eOcktr's 16-osier lo eheogi so .110 towwds .Single aod amount ot kgislat:ve or kieft- wawa .*woes.Soul suppots ban the govern- will not be abk to tag en went is going to help If women:: ve stand spinet dowry.do'Avot put their thordowtilitthe .1heAlaimoes a. gid SP: gstk is like Mowing bewsea.the warned and stey martial is adevil and the dap bine sea kW. : enajor diner ley her week* towe bee to see who* goatee NOV' 1 sake adowry along and putdeateepect lies. And one has to throe ago with harassment. '. Patentssociety to accord respect to .; ; themselves are not willierto give*omen -.4w has the cow* to - .r"esofel eupSonjo womanrebel**pc hamanwlett in

7 . . 922Niemen burntto death NEW DELHI. August7. ORE tM han 922 womenwere burat to &oh le 1988 due to dowry, the Loh Sabba was informed today. In a written re* to Prof. K. V. 'Thomas, tbe minister of sette for home sfhius, Mr P. Chidaminnun, mid she dowry prohibition Act, 1961 war, amended an 1984 sad 1986 to wake the law more stringent The ',Wien Penal Code, the Criminal Yet another dowry Procedure Cade, 1973 and tbe Indian Evidence Act, 1872 have also been amended to deal affix-lively sot only with dowry death csses but also with cases of malty to married women. deathin Ca ital CIVIL SERVICE& In the civil ay A Staff Reponse service mitigations lest year, the her since ber=Minttwo-and-a- NEW.DELHI, Annust 7 : half-years ago. Their demands were percentage of successful wvmen was rrHERE was yet another dowry 16 per cent, apinst 14.6 per cent in avecific give us the houses belonging 1987, the minister told Mr Vijay N. 1 dteth in the Capital lest week,to your brothers in Vikaspuri and in Patil, report agencies. when .32-year-old Vimlesb met withDilshad Gardens. Five of ber in-laws a task and horrible end at the handswere arrested, but ber father-in-kw, of her in-laws at their house in theNahar Singh, a railway employee ' Moretysi Railway colony is northtamped, and was still absconding. Vimksh came from Anand Parbat, VimIesh died of burns atthe Jayairskash Narayan hospital onin Central Delhi, where she lived Friday.ln her dying statement, sbewith her widowed mother and six said thA her in-laws had set her onbrothers. She married Vinod, a 28- fire, sill that they bad been torturingyear-old businessman in early 1987. She had two daughters, IS-month- iId and a four-month-old babY Her Emily alleged that she was tegularly beaten up. She was one.. trIsIngry for days, and her in-laws to let ber use the phone or meet hibrothers. Last Wedneeday, she was beaten up before she was set on fire, according 179 dowry deaths to her family. She sustained 100 per cent burns. fte was taken to hospital in State where she succumbed to her burns. New Debi, July20 (UN1i: A case of murder was registered, registered the largest and a manhunt launched for Mahar number of dowry deaths in the Singh. country during 1988, followed by In another case, Kanta 25, of Old and Madhya Pradesh. Seemapuri, was found severely burnt Minister of State for Personnel P. in her house on Sunday. She was Chidambarsm toldtheRajya rushed to Guru Tegh Bahadur hospi- Sabha on Thursday. ml, were she was referred to Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan bospi- In a writterireply, be said tat but she succumbed to her burns. Maharashtra reported 294 dowry While the police were investigating. deaths, Karnataka 179 and Kantes brother lodned a complaint Madhya Pradesh 135. saying that she had been continually harassedbyhermother-in-law, Munni Devi, and her brother-in-law, Ram Kishore. The police arrested the two accused.

8 tDowry Samoa mai A young *housewife of Rajajinagar has cam- torets=rcietryletstlathed to the Subramanyanapir

('Nfilltrirlrialinialso alleged that ,ier 60644 V.N. Murthy, sod his .fieher, iv& are in possession of her jewellery worth over Rs one lakh, lave disappeared from their holm. the suspected that they might be !hitting houses to crape from being cattsaid she married Mustily in I :1984. After a yeas, Murthunatt lather repodeclly started _Mrs Nalini to nose 111.11w 4rom her parents. aho &men- ded that a site wh:was in her name, shOuld betraniferred so ber husband's name: She has aho alleged that before Atrocitieston women 'she marriage her husband concealed the fact that he was an epileptic pa- ;tient. "fhe police are investigating. onrise in Bihar By ANEETA SHARMA ists commented that 1988 could best The Times of Jodie News Servicebe described as the year of "police PATNA, July 20:atrociries on women." According to the 1981 census TROCMES on women inBihar's population was 6.98 crores. ABihar are on the rise. Accord-Of this, women numbered 3.39 ing to the state government's report,acres and men numbered 3.58 76 cases of rape, 74 cases of kidnap-crores. While population wise there ping, 95 cases of outraging modesty, 22 dowry-related murders and 15was almost a parity, the literacy rate cases of bride burning have beenfor men at 37.78 per cent was double registered this year. The official sta- tism further yeveals that during last five years as many as 994 women were murdered because of dowry disputes and another 516 brides were burnt to death. The same period saw the registra- tion of 2,421 cases of rape and of these just one year that is 1986 wit- nessed 691 cases of The period I983-87 also, reg- istered a significant rise in the num- ber of kidnapping cases. Of 1,874 'cases filed as many as 442 cases were registered in 1987 alone, making it the "year of kidnapping." But 1988 saw a tremendous upsurge in police atrocities on women. While official statistics were silent, the news pap- ,ers were filled with stories of police atrocities oo women with tbe Para- de case hitting the headlines all over .tbe country. In fact the year ended with the Papri Bose Roy kidnapping cese of Bhagalpur in which the state gov- ernment did everything possible to protect the criminals wbo were it- ,aponsible for the outrage. The citizens of Bbagalpur took to *the streets and for one whole week :the city was paralysed. Social activ-

Rush for marriage solemnity OURUVATUR (), July 16the purpose. change of garlands at tbe mandapam. (UNI): While ecstatic devotees pule The mandapams. however, are far 'The time allotted is sufficient for imide tbe temple for a darshan oftoo inadequate to cater to the increas-Nak marriages which are very sim- Lord Krishna. there is a rush outsideing requiremeet as the horde of cou-ple" a temple official said. at eager brides and bridegrooms in allPlee queue uP- The marriage boom in Guruvayur their finery, uniting for their turn to A special feature of Gurimayurhas led to the mushrooming of oew tie the wedding kaot before the lord.marriages is that 'thalikettu' (tying ofhotels where weddingfeastsare The scene has become quite lima-the sacred 'mangalasutra' arouna theserved. The hotels charge between ' .br and the famed Gurovayur templebrides neck) is performed even duringRs. 16 and Rs. 24 per head for the has mai*,-- as a major Ramagethe inauspicious /ahukalam'. usuallyfeast depending on the number of centre in KenJa. shunned for all holy purposes. 'payasams' (pudding) served. Getting married in the sanctified At Gsiruvayur, all the time that tbe *. precincts of temples bas been ansanctum sanctorum remains open is The Kerala State Tomlin Develop- accepted custom in Kerala, but theauspicious time. Weddings can 6.ment Corporation (KSRTC). which pride of place goes to the Guruvayurheld any time between 5 am and 17.1"ihas two hotels near tbe temple. Semple where between 30 and 100pm, ancl between 4.30 pm and 8.30undertakes up to a maximum of ten msmages are solmenised almost ev-pm. The preference is generally forfeasts a day. ery sky. On a angle day last year asthe moping semion. Most of tbe marriages held in Guru- many es 172 couples tied the knot in Due to tbe rush and tbe limitedvayur are 'in fulfilment of vows taken front of this temple, perhaps tbe onlynumber of mandapams, each couple isby paten's. place in the country where such aallowed barely seven minutes for tbe The boom is tartly attributed to the brie aumber of marriages are 'Amt.weddingceremony.Aftergoingincreasing number of love marriages Weed every day," said an official ofquickly through the rituals, includingand imer-castf: marriages. Non-',i- theGuiliVilyur Devisor= whichrymg of shah, the couple has to vacateglus, towever, are not permitted to administers the temple; tbe mandapam for the next in tbe line.me ex 'Mandapam'. 'Hindu marriages are A fee of Rs. 50 is collected by the MAayaless working in the Gulf tobToneirnallkeMalayalam months ofdevaswom for tbe services of a priestcountries prefer to have their mar- Idithuisam"Karkatakam', and 'Kan-and for the provisioo of the traditionalriages conducted in Guruvarir as mr. But mouths make no difference ininstrumental music of cbenda andthey could peiform tbe ceremony on Guruvary as marriages taking placeasdaswaram. any day tbey like. even during these months, are mostly The temple bas no facility for the of Gulf Malayalees faced with timeregistratioo of die marriages, but this Unlike other temples, there is no coostraint& could be done at the office of theparticular festival season or special Until ten years ago, marriages wereGummier townslip. religious occasios for this temple. held inside the temple, isear tbe gol- Since the seven minutes is tooThere I an unceasing flow of de- slea flag-mast, but when tbe numberinadequste time for some, speciallyvotees into the sacred abode ot Lord _Bscremed, the mane was drifted tothe Brahmins, the remaining rituakKrisho:1 throughout the year. )the outside, co the meters gate-sideare performed in nearby 'swans' (a The collectioo of the tem- where two wisdoms were wet forlodging place) after the formal ex-,* is /bout Rs. 22 lath a moot. MARRYING IN CHINA A POIONAWT sidelight on thethat in striking contrast, a rural plight of Chinese students,entrepreneur in the same reg- whose agitation in Beijing wasion who advertised in the 4so brutally suppressed, is pro-Shanghai newspaper, Xinmin vided by a report which sug-Wanbao, for a bride, specificitl- gests that not only can edu-ly mentioning that he was cated young men in China notlooking for a Shanghai spouse look forward to a good job andand not a rural one, received a r a prosperous future but, as aflood of replies, a number of corollary, they cannot eventhem from college-educated 4 hope for a suitable bride. Theyyoung women, includingsome seem indeed to rank dismay-who were doctors or engineers ingly low in the marriage mar-or teachers. ket, with nubile young women The clue to this astonishing quite plainly spurning them. Aresponse lay, perhaps, in the college student who advertisedman's careflil (hafting of the kr a wife in his local newspap-advertisement, mentioning er,theZhejiangWorkers'that he had his own enterprise, News, is said to have been toldearned a substantial income, by a woman, in cruelly strongand had a large house in his terms, that pen-wielders likenative village as well as an him were nothing less thanapartment in Shanghai. Evi- .fools or beggars and that theydently intrigued by that re- took the prize for being behindsponse, the Beijing Review is the times. For, learning, shesaid to have conducted a sur- told him, was not food on thevey of the respondents to the table, ideas were not money tosecondadvertisementand spend, and people like himreached the conclusion that could only hope to marry 50-the young women were at- year-old housewives. She thentracted by the rural entrep- advised him that if he still de-reneur's sturdy independence cided to many he should notand success, and, indeed, that send, his children to school :they preferred his kind to stu- "Five years of primary schooldents or academics who were are enough, nowadays. Everycondemned to low wages and one uses calculators." It is, ofpoor living conditions.. That course,possiblethat somefindingmusthavebeen overwhelming personal frust-particularly galling to young ration lay behind that wither- ing contempt for educationmen generally in China. The and the educated, and that thedemonstratorstnBeijing's woman was merely taking itTiananmen Square, who were out on the hapless young man,saidto be clamouring for but there was also, very clear-greater democracy, may also ly, much truth in what shehave been propelled by rising wrote. For the report also saysdespair over their bleak future. !imiflinir ill-VIP or -11 ir rid holm; Ihroliffilmill!) 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M.s.'diii / GO' luMp Of Luosflow mom oon$Idvsticm s.d 01ucsn, girls tot Piandsoms US $slWid snguwsr 5050$ Chmstian' gel aged u'idr 20 yita's prsi j O$ Wi1.i With Sos Ne L 4532. IALLLANc Isv Plqa01 Itofinat Kaeliyne fit V j 113 sins 6à psrf.cnlari 04Pi 1th / fw s.Vçl5si su'issincere dusts TWitss of hi. Ijris..1 (WILl 1Si - cat (612)5311513 ot Cs'itoct OispsJ(1110 tswgradts20/lI0/1000flv*ncIWy pie on char Idiotpond nwwa: character I' SINGALIHI.t4uPestro4vetsI II? Civil', Ptsce Vldd. G& $6474 U.S.A son sit96d In tsmly businesi 01 TW10405d miring. P11*1. reply dIP retent oolnsr pt-ito p01essIotIt.fr çIo24 BrIds PI.nd.ofn, 37 (1.512) Wills Boo 4447$ Thies Of WiltsIts'., 1111' .loiwi0.v,d 134 Jsronus 1si5r Ost.or'i. 1171 / 4000 I EngVws' rPUMCSsct 050W 0SNY d Idfr, proposals f0N4$L #0.0 m. Loti WI Unned hingocol Witis00144307. TInes of Wds. Wi* 050*-? to'son. 24%5 pits's ISC I I Mes mom GA#NWAU Ksan.oN st Osiflial buviba (C-i) (T4411) siola'. Sian. Wi 1$7ans. very ttsr. handicins. S0cC*eSi Piomsly gui from respsctetes fotniry 'or MADRAShividuTatiup..o,e4avian,rosI- SINOMJ PGIPrsfossIeøII 11 from stIraclivs fistursi. scoot ufPscIona1s man Mny Capt 301104 psuinansti' c.mmii$Ion Writs Boo 4061$, Thnes of kids Nuts Oili.-2 graduuts b'o.dmund.d Daøuelo' 40, 155 rs. omnurs0 tomMylOt kVl.itnyp P.OConiris' haMs p.F0goflosnero wit undsvs.ag dIn guns Amotic. Ilvegnani tod. tests OOlOu' r pf'c oc m 0.0W 31/ IaSgs SCOISoft! msofia,wlM it (1.4445) cOrvvluinIPyWrugutags provuiesJoins Ssns 103 , 5600 Oun. nt Casts rio bw Laity vs$ous0W5tP'Ofri$ 0100 PIerwig11001 lIP SOWDA $an'sswsd Sialw,iM LI.13/ 113 / muuligS WrIts 40*44311. Ton.. of ins. N.. - NdusPy - wIdows divo'OsS$ 001' P.ispo.'d orundsaMp tsputsd wsss. UP Usia 0000 -s d.r frotri Gowde Satsswsl dIn 0.0-dots is' o happy 52*1 wot'ylss$ Ii's to Dslii.2 (c354$7)DL Age' tloatfWIitp Kirdy sand Vi6.1.11*11 UsaPiminSoup'KenarsK.oilarm'speaking Swwid's AprwSl UIriaQmQ Potsius'mi.esI 5.01035-S. Times of India lombsy.400001 gesdusis girls Write 50.0 104-K. TWines of (PYPTI lN'6i £ngsrsisring Wcits Post Sos 21. KPictsø kids. Bs"bay-400001 .6U(U(UIKWYDRI 10117) SOMBAY BASED INDUSTRIAL 261201 phones 13 1 70 Grams P*rciks N*l131O yeats 142 diclot Son 01 01AMAAA$14T#*AN angus. Is.ndiCms 25i PARENTS VERY HIGHLY Puriabf Hm& litustrialisi silesd on Soimin I'd. 114 OscIory bungale car eel sst.snso EDUCATED AND COMING FROM 0!NCV wwiIsd bse.IM a*elWd 0556. Us eltlasn/ giWn s.d ls' Hail baad sails sin chinning grakuet. go' WEL.LKNOWN RESPECTABLE tllotheriosoms ns1u bsddot 56/170 edueatsd bssutlfil gel Casts no be, Patents from wsi.ptetSd I an's.. writ. So* U 222-S. C.ota.igel'n.m isdstafli map s.dict Boa 60$-S. Tines Of mona. TimesitIndia.Bomb.y.I0000I CULTURED HINDU FAMILIES msdioo ossi. no Os'. WrIts1.50*Plo L451$. (IVORI 165$', LOViNGLY INVITE MATRIMONIAL TheTim..itIldlS.LuCktlOw.1 HANDSOME Ispfistsdecsn$QatSnwaII IIANOUXp.duatst.omelpgilWrhi AWANCE FOR THEIR EXTREMELY (WTLB-1$S01) 172 busu'ieuman Ars' 00, 1100'. Class fum HANDSOME ONLY SON AGE 24 Usshaim tV'iOy. B Sc.. 25W/ 170 / 2000/ + DIOANSIR i V pestsOsyit dies. puke. aiThig In reputed Lit TWin Esnploysd Op Wilts Sot 40435. TImes Of 0*0 New YEARS HAVING FILM STAR hurIst s.novioary own bjs'lsis Ds0W based 13' (lSaoftsr pvsfvred) Writs So' 4573$FR PERSOP4AI.$rY 102 CMS. TALL hQaPy *votcsd boy sash. biauivu' S0c00tsd timesofIndia. New 0596-2 VERY FAIR HIGHLY EDUCATED Ilomily tolds from POndu lomullyNo 0cwy. MANINCengineer.SesngIssKOysIhia HANDSOME 1.fl lundgemI*56 0500 (C$uPta). illS / 30.000 ws?ite s&1t41nd, divot0*S I$Qioclpl*btsWrits Sos 40600. 30 RELIGIOUS TEETOTALLER UiwvsrsltySensorL.ctursrSuviruMuslin' prtuf.ss.ønal 01105 Alt CUts?0inllCI Wit. VEGETARIAN AND VERY WELL Twnss ØfIda New0500.2 510i) bacSneior 52 / 175 sails rriatnrnaiiuil lImos loS 6,. No 44425 Tins,f IrdS i.e. SETTLED OWNING BUSINESS AND EDUCATED bs.01h4 ..scN We Juts'. busI. psr*s'Aats Writs So. 455W4. Tines of India. IM4°. nssmin 26 j 175/0000ds'..duitS owns New Dw-2 PROPERTIES FROM PARENTS OF NATCN We $ I IS? Ku,iisosW Viaslip ewn PiOuss In050* 000pivinanorit busassa Writs HANDSOME lye. SIistadwaIaui' AN EXCEPTIONALLY BEAUTIFUL Box 14412. Na'. SWeut TImes. New Osh.2 Isp$4 fimoy business iscevut inoom. wi' parlucu:a's CHARMING GRACEFUL MOST eeçioysd In o rsputsd orgsrus50on tess oew' hanoi's Casts no ow Writs to Boo No from psrarits 01 sriçtoyed KsvaNe get Write ATTRACTIVE LOOKING ELEGANT IDUCA1ID b4sdisiW lysuga. ips, got L.4$21.TimesofIndia Lucknosne.I SLIMFAIR TALL EDUCATED / Sos 457Q7T#. Tines Of India. Nsw 0.96-2 (NTI.B- 11470, We Tome KOnin6.lya 1y0091t A 24/175/ HOMELY guilty idscalsd 1 Semi dolus HOMELY ACCOMPLISHED AND 5500 s"npls dscsro .n.rn.gs Wilt, So. 4061$. WePiosto Srahmu-i boy 56/150 vsg. CULTURED GIRL COMING FROM A TInes 01 Idia. New Duiu-2 (C411315C .bnsn piltes wit 1. S Cbnsl'udbcn GOOD RESPECTABLE FAMILY OTID f wiinifl,id Id01i tot A4,arusI msrlegsrnant U S.A belonging 'a ofllusnl St,tuu MATCH FOR A PUNJABI BACKGROUND ADVERTISEMEN1 80GovtiWVICS.170 / SI I 2500 WrIt. Ml Wely igtsblsltsdbnmiinssi.Writs Uo* N KHATRI, AGE 48 YEARS. IS FOR WIDER CHOICE AND BEST psrtIc*ls? Tint msta'io. Early mornoge Writs 205-S. TinesOfIndia. civltsy-400001 HEIGHT 175 CMS.. ME (W. SELECTION.GIRL ONLY So. 45451. TInsi 01Itdis. Wee 0596.2 (*010043) 350?1) GERMANY) AND MBA (USA) CONSIDERATION. NOROICOPII WvvRdfists Vane lyw SETTLED IN WEST GERMANY IICT#EMILY bs*04 I s'g.ous bets. aniploysd sdusIsgelWe 13*awularn PLEASE SEND IN FULL 24WsvegatIrian profitably doctor) r.jtsd Asneam post aduats ba's employed boy 170 FOR 25YEARS. DOING CONFIDENCE COMPLETE DETAILS. Non.yfir A,nsrleln sduCItsd (Ph.D madsuns I V Writ, Boo 45757T#. TInes 01 Ida. New EXTREMELY WELL IN OWN ALL PROPOSALS AND USA) 2? 175 We hendsoms Va.stvmsvs boy 050.2 BUSINESS. HE WAS MAFI.IED Managerw CORRESPONDENCE WILL BE mtsmabanaiy rsputsd osmpany SIDEPENOENT ISo peoUs 60 *snebi4 3000/ at 0.0*WrIt, Boa 45370. Tories Of lids Nis TO A GERMAN LADY FOR 13 TREATED AS COMPLETELY felts.rn5InmiiaI 's,(k.ø1cIiflOs from isdiss 1C4572*C YEARS WHO EXPIRED LAST CONFIDEPIflAL. PLEASE WRflt TO Cray NC bets Writs 80* 464%. Tunes at Ida BOX H 304-K. IXT1CLY bsaiitifOfbudsfirKNeel New 0.96-2 (dM52) YEAR. NO ISSUES. LOOKING TIMES OF INDIA. bei*oIPicaMA 23/11314000 WrltsUos SOMBAY.400001. (4705) FOR A WELL EDUCATED. 443$$ Tsnss of Ida. Nets 0196-2(C30547) SOPHISTICATED LIFE SItIDES lot Piandsoms Pd5 osIItsd IALLIANCIInvitedfromgSuiveøt PARTNER AGED AROUND 32 / Sst.bIl.hSd s'elr.pts'Isur dc.nl Income educated tsP 1.0. sin. 0151450 Pwnwly 37 YEARS. SPINSTER / WIDOW itloows' omiPlOut w'sncs V MscoIBLIM lairIsaitilvIlrIfir 1duaIs Hindu bnds prsfstably No,lIt.lrn. OR DIVORCEE. HEIGHT 160 fomst 0*mg MD V I 1000 afIbiont kPl.m 0.961, Ptr5sb Uis'imm dirsd 40* DOWer ot Pion1ab. ago 19 / 24 psi's from CMS.. CHARMING. SUM. FAIR lWwlyWrIts 40* 46357. Thisofms We. 25/105 000mg MBA civy son of Reid Prim fugisy rispectsbls wSf'tO-dO D.itIIad I'. DIP.-2 1C35451) lacy Casts no Ow WrIts P0 Sos 0004. Wewet ss*sbtsPied IndusmaIst gradli- COMPLEXIONED, ELEGANT cLAss I 01-4co.*i. Kofisit 0-pa Nov 051*-I (C36131) 01s Wi. Ion, handsome KsIisIfly$ op. 2? AND HAVING PLEASANT WMhIri 15$io5n5 from p$tfliiofbsLft- PAlO 40041.41105 rsduatssin'...,, pearsGems Writ. 04. cot atc Lagom PERSONALITY (WILLING TO M ofiarmrç guts Is' is'21/ 13 St CM educated 0110w 231 giltotSsimgai ds'o'oss No ISDIPPyEvvwig o'.t 4$ SETTLE IN WEST GERMANY) PlIvvigPlugs p'opottp C.st. no ost Wr1t los Srahwmm Cuts' Engines' 175 / V boy 7.000/- pm Caste no Os' Ow's merit mm N 2045. TIns of India So'n1a4000QI - Foraqn 40* DrISWilts 80* ocnsitwan vsvt,swnerll osner di 'airs FROM A RESPECTABLE HINDU 1*140044) 44351.Tmn.sOf India.HitsDitPi.2 Writs 40* 45413. TIns Of bone. New FAMILY. CONY! WIlD 1011. Nomefy matcI ks IC45IOISC (M4451)SC PLEASE CONTACT $tIt5filMylot Vomit'bO me'-"* i'.si. PO4 Ambuisdis Kayssene 10/ 1fl bactnsie. JATAV boy 30/ Ill / 7300 1U.n., 1.0.1. IMMEDIATELY CARE mds'W-NIvy. 27/172 I 0000s0.stig.. miodis tsvsi CP01 Govt o1Cst. bam4RI n Deli Adi'wsituion School 1051$ balutIf Ii in. 'ms' btOPlI'/ Slits'0cc-to's Fitly lnsriags wtstg mutt tI00 COviv'lutatals l pklysCl go' prslsrsnca teSetiars Writs ocinpiats P.N. SEHGAL, k ban Writs80*46441 TIns. at Pi ts gdl $ hotosc fià s,zs and cioii-i pInot> 00110$ 80' 45377. Tinss at iri.diNew Deun'.? DSOw.2 11.44961 rS" Oats tons ar at ._ IC3SS'$) 17, GREEN PARK EXTENSION, COWV!NT sös.tpd 1 listsrsp.ctsls putS bso-data dIP' Sn SKP Sodia. LAS(#510). KAYA$ThA.IsmistitsI.itu.dIsdpitIsv NEW DELHI-110016. fenwy for Sood boy241 106Degras mlotmation 13/A.Msgistretss Cohiu'y. 'SI00,-Pal. Sinoans 24/ 106 2300. snnwtSciurio¼ TELEPHONE: 661691 / 168586. TscMcmIaqyPun13000; ps nerisiw ssttisd ,is-10X1 4 (S400XG) Aawstsr*. on Ustablia Atonic ResearCh CuW. VitCuts no b. WitsBoiUl2O--S..Tims. FOR handsome Ubuiagboy 24/102041*56 lorsibsy Writs lot I 790-k. TIn,as o Nate - (035544) of'ion Bo"b17-40000I (lYI I 4599) In $utttsrland n Hotel Meriagotnam Swwig on Pombay-400001 (SYOPI I$799 EDUCATID tstds tot i based Bongos #stuffian$ 5, deliS Psolsi Wanted Wi KAYASTh* suitS I Is' Isusna batS s.pioyse 36 1110 Doctoretsrloc$i,irwstry Casts no prstly 'vsr.t e'i.oatec kayasiP'a 9' at s.tu$ 25 1100 cmi / 2500 guI and I amOp si'Ny Ppfy F be' Oslo'I 80*40121. Tinsi at'nO'S Isiruny Writs 90* 44467 TInes at NatO Wits considsnabort Writs to 50* L-4300 Tones a' See Page 1.5wDs5w-2 1C34993) Ds0*-2 (1.501) lids fI (NtIS t$4241

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HIGHLY hiNt Ik5iN ALLIANCE Nd14 So SIN M..dsa.o boy wINd homily gil siN30yssr. ags *.'. dsNI is So. S 171-K. Thuss N SiN. Pluoss EDUCATED ROYAL FAMILY 21/170 U Is. (Mo.) ii Sosloss SiNs So ,sSOIcWhs hOp Casts amidno So lontspN001. .Y$n1S4S ilsS *05 homily 1* sduiNSd p1 Wills is RiplySoNo H 135-K. floss N Sili. INVITES ALUANCE FROM ALLlNI' So SNcdys I.J.l.. 21 I 17$ I So 145 1.4551. liuups Si biN. L05now'l. SouSo,,.400001. (5701117405) FAIR. BEAUTIFUL HOME- IA .bsitsss giN loobiug boy SALUA 1405- p.005 sagiw */110 NipoclafUsSon.WiUs lox 41505. floss N LY. CULTURED. EDUCATED W.L4NCE fuNd So coy SnL.iss PiiNI NdI oi¼sr it Csstu-al Govt. tiN. Non 0054. ION boy 21/165/30.200 MiNd Nosy 005 torn good Nohirug. 1st. .0 ud'sstsd GIRL FROM HIGH CLASS ALLIANCE .&t - Claw FoosIpi ShllpiI9 pmsauiy ii S,uuLc, gill N rsupsct05 N05 laNy (posl-grsiusts RESPECTABLE AND - NOSog bliss So l..Jlliy C41SW Thu's o.ns from ,...l.,d). Wills lot 4501F1, Isis ci ito's biMatIS/l71l4000stussctJoiN.f S$NSd bsOluPlIi slit homily 0w4iN gil t0 No. 0054. ROYAL FAMILY. no So Soo4Qps oØwiN Will, So. I4/lSOoistst'sIwuly WllslonUIOO-.K. IEAUYWUL svsN advc.isdp1 So ADVERTISEMENT FOR Ill-K. ThWi Ids. loom4IO001. Tlmssiimdli,lombsy.400001. kapuSus boy USA soiling as inpdil in. SUITABLE CHOICE. 1IYDP41O1) o.*vs ciii a pills Nnhlsd co.opany 29 (171 ALUAIICE 05.1 So San _ kaJs*s boy mu / 4000. Own piop.snySiLudinon Gil I0I17$/2100.Cuu*Wgot't os$ayss Sasi* 5. uNig is silds absad OasIs no bs' CONTACT BOX H 188-K. ALLIANCEbutsito. bss, II Pinuplbom stb.oiN INy. Wills Ion No dowry Willsis50.140.1.4121. Thiss of SouPy TIMES OF INDIA, BOM- __li ii4tnd giN N 46445. Ttwss 04 SIdle. No. Osatad. fu Ufi51mow. TL1I0729) BAY-400001. (HiSS-K) Oiatusls Ertacrbig iNip's 21i.D. N SLAU?IPIL cuoss* .0.caisd bossK girl 055's ImuIpSoPurupta MiciusM Navy 005 AnonliJ Puwuisoms No boss. ALLIANCE bOnd So Y.4* 10101 tsp Claw 2" 72 fri. hIgins uatavy Psiti lotted Fc.$ isiNsSos 7. floss N SiN. No. N 175, - ps'sMSIp. NØp ptaosd whit 10131 $biA.Nbsfreos5soly. p.c lsMd ciagony,INmINI bOy. coP Oeuntsd CMos' WillsSo4040. Tfnss Of UT Cosipulsi Esisw bolpi *Msd. db sticslsd - Nohilig gil Wills U 070-4. Sdi, No. 00x.2. (*24757) Essø. Coa F TImsaofIndia. WAUflPLIl 05csIst and sits' full. Lts *U.WICE tavltodloss ..l p1H lombsy.400001. bsssd dM'ose. Uwllss cliiito. 5KvS. - most giN So IIYDPIISIIO) fbOsoms KsnpNila SraPvIln boy. 25, c.lsd pil AôdsiisIlg b issiioto b-SI- ALLIANCE 105.1 So on OiSys bii 172 I Is. 5000 soIfriuug Ion a m,lstonsi Sisçls ffiW1ØCo Cor - 271141/ 3200 from korostss. Wills Ion 4511$FI. flOw N 505. No. Oiis.Z 050 iNcor 151157. Wills NI iso. Mi givanuiaciuecud aciopany owns lINus51Pit".. idiiti5y Will, Sos 0 NI-S Tbnss Puoroscops is Son 4I412 limps Dl 505. No. Girs mills only osiuslisradoit. Wills Son 4622. (IYOR11M ALLIANCE Nd So Pigist 14* QsnuasN finis N 05. Po.s-i. (P14105) l..Jhsi*/17511150. Pus Sort I 0054. (114445) 24psi.. Os.w Sus.M . LiblU I- - . - I-AUJANCE biNd lisa bsNIN p1 SEAUTIUL siscsisd gil PIS*15 - bOy scorn. 4000. boy soski bssil*4 hornsPislos. N 00t Wills So. IIISIER. So IsuA boy 25/172 I.E. (iN) U E. 55.105* bsctqowid Ii a P.505cm. PwusD Khs5u boy Contact lornt Dos. uI.j 1115 floss N llds. No.005.2. wigiussr UP. pit'S WiltsisSon No 1.4125, $1 hovirig lidapandant s$Ibb$fu*d bisbosis lost M 75. floss N SOs. L&45now-flS 001. md !.&i ise Pigiwy rsspsctibhs Punah 314l1) MIWICI NiNd So 65$ loiN OlUssr. Sosy Wilts lox 46442. lImpsDl505 1410 NI 172 Pl41c bIN 'Wd. to. bss* 0054. 41 1147/ 4115 Ds A,,,. isoad mSiisd sd giN. Fados tscllsr MWJICI 05.105 Sopiallo ii 1C4519)$C SEAUflPSR. sSoM.1 gil loSoos DiScus. No bus. Wills So. 44163. put 0.1, priNrunosSotsactisror SoPandas.. toyPuii OiUiCN/ wlsO* n*cr I15pW Thus, Dl 505. No.0054. (C3&414) Sod arnpI,,.eSoyowig Pw4 ION boy *05.iws) boy 25 / 175 ICc.. stabhsltsd by issi toosblg aId Costs 'us bos. Wis ALLIANCE twIN So AN - N*Mp bid onçhoyss 25/116 sOny 24001- p.m Wills bunitisa hOuIO Nomi P b oily son Wills San 46463.15.55 oh 510*. 145* So. 46*1. Tknss Idli. Itsus Ouh4. Soy 241s 1150 I.E. / MM (LEts.) .'sutSig ii Son 44132. Thnss Dl SiN. IN 0052. DsPt2. (*24701 to. sduoslsd biso.i 15t Wills 47 Ps v III MS I..10111.1. lImos i India. AiNICAN tsuiia _ .1-, SI, 501. isaIby. SEAUTIPUL sdsicalsd IM ho, .1st.. isrvw Is 3315 P.M h y. tmumlug ist 0is*. bIson. aNd ININ. ososs bOy $1 / 100 1 3000 gaul. sor,. medium Lily slvçts maclags Wills $on - 1do. *l *suN O ALLIANCE fro. IN bo.iUP 14. SuSsS...11 SOUNoPO psu NSouor dsrsd Ns no tsr. Wills So. 41417. idusts Ku l gius Soc Paiat ipiur boy. NI isSisisNo Noond SIN. 45475. This. N 05. New DsSu4. (M533i T.nssst5i. NSsi Ds-2. (3III5) $ lp.sei. po. sio.*ø.itSill No. S Sl$irlss sIc.$0 PIo.IdS u.a,.h sid 5.'. ii ISAUTPUL s.pi,sd girlSo32/Isioms AFPICTION*TI 0$, Pi- / Ijitsu, / viii. Sobinsib IsIMX/. p.m.IN Its tomi. 0. Moon. lou 13055.So MM 5aug51 hisipui Pt o.rt'al gout orswsig 'ci, N lunSusy ASjorbscrnsriSoSow Aisouss. Iso. 7411t (C-I) Rs Wills Son 40615. Timss also's. 145* - I - Kosos* DsSu.2. (C36732)OLP chsiiusr / AdsivIl) nussct lop no. Si 10..Le,. N.sØp NI Plo,. AMERICAN .MNmsn osmefflsd and csnost Oro.A WIN Ion 11114-IC, Thtss N 505 SirvuOsboy 211 172 Oil orip cn si .55*1mg us 105.1 N WMSmp1... D.C., by SEAUTIPIA.laS 41sUm kaNy will Wills Son 4II7IFR. Tbnss tda Nno SonWiy.400001. $Y0l11Th5 Si . 551450141. cm. 1sm.0 ulgISySo hrtaiviiiud biNs 11-21Psflt'nxlutmu padurs - AWANCE ImvNsdlisa MsM,ssINlos INN hO. 5105$ NovsupaOno.IN MS Sold/Ill Tel hosudsomeMA dous' No AOANWAL Ø*So. luitap So p.005 gil. 505.'. usiwt. laphy Nit p11055 is Post OlIN MIS CIusuduly Jat Soy 50.11 5 statusamsly Nevsrt Oir iNwo. .0ts4 aNn. SNow 3D Son 277. COlt JoI'ru. Maip Laid. 2011$. U IA lusatug con. Suiapandant ostabSated g4HM... Ios1sts1ts*gits - b sIsin psoss torn S$acsioiN. o.05. me'so. bi*tssa, lily ags. aøvo'twusnt So 21/170 paduststall*stsvPnsis st bw$mg lust. So ow son. $0 1117. bssmllI gil iiWiIi AQWwW tosusy. sib AMINICAN p.on si's 5.51.,SIItlp whis' cluntsi. Wills slit lid bto-dsts is Ion -. sw_._ on. connaflsg hondsouns Mo. boy 32 /1b4 41133F1. 'TlmssDl510*. N. DuSt..? Ion NO-S. 1h lImos 01mdli. piod 510am.. 551Usd Pt 0141 05. los H 20000 paisurug USA onset mn$vitg Augu?.. MAIPULINsduc.Wd lwsIs'5*I sosi sio. 177-8. flossci P05 Isiitsp-400101. IN sills p,Nousian.Iy sduonlsd - h 'lily osico IwilsI tot 1.50.0.5 SIP. atny ehVu5, ALUAIIcE So MndiissN / 17$ P Silas. 145 boss Lily maclags Wills So. s. 24/177,46.1 lsspsctsd IsnIhy no Sibulutues Hmsu hiiy $Nflsd 551Usd ii b*WtSSs AW 5.iNd Si. tssNms giNSo Yfuuss N SiN. No.0054. IMIOS) .0y inumags. WrIts Son 4143$. Tiuuss ci INos los bs51h s.wl gil to....*E1v ts5 $'agson X I 10. Hid upsoiN bdr*i *110115* Npo OdNI ps&mts INluSo New Dill.?. '(ADSS24u Up Wills lox H Oil-IC. . Thuss ii k 100401Usd Pu Sundicy poSl.p.dimls p.c$snslI iu *.i Fops. P1st 25 / III / $600. Fatw 6mb, SIAUTPUL girlSo$515 Plut(sb OlIN Io"sp40IO01 (1701117151) No boss. Lily mosnags. Wills PQ 0121-S. Scbu.05 CMos' Wills Ion 41151. flossSi 7.5$ ofIndis.Iosbsy-400001. N No.0054. Sovs'nmsM SuOMINI 25/155/ 4000 no be' AUJANCE So ksps* l7yi., pssq lAS (M4434C p1only u"s1dsrllo'u Wilts So. $ 053-K. Nhcv 160 cnw. taP. sducalsd it biN ii AN soueatst hy usUp1os 05151 INsI tim.. of India. Iombay.400001 lions crud I _ ri.gmg Ioy Dl Us54 I1Ioirs MiMic! - *siISo. it PiN un svdsd pi1 (SYdR,I105i) Pwsnii Si Iali. sacuçto.usly bisuNti N iducatad. srNls womsn iN Ilori SUst. psy hiss. ag. 32. hshplt IN on. a.ubo,a4 Si S(AUT1P'IA. homily $obai gil a Kasnyap tsglsy iJCnlsd gsts *0samsi lAS MS N .o.ovusI otoo. proisgIusnud os. 41. 0141. macdig approidinslslp Is 11.000/- pu So ScNiNu bangs' boss o1ics' 34/170/4500 lq.ivululW slat.. Kayssl mIss only nusy M.sW, dsp.. Pt Lnpilig. twig ii A,ni.s. SwIss m.bI, So midical gusduats lsclws' busS' office' / 5.- cuuspcsd Fil bso-dits bit ___ a Wills xl daIst is IonS 715.5. lioss st 5500nd sills OndapiNwul sIll'sorstaiN phOyss p'G*'gd .400w acoslsbix Writs I. U Pussflsd ta lust's a taos 51 Lily . 505. Io.i.t.ip-400 001. (C-I) whithusbandpossibbutfrombosulful. M.*lusius 273/ft 0.0$scvor4i Clhuuruw. itags Wilts Ion 45444. flossN i. 145w ALLIANCE 51051 from baN ldui'SiPO. jt'ni hams afu05t youmg giN. 0sUs.1. (45I5P SoUp. Purn. lmg,Sop oisssusnst Si.orceh,s Ct Niow. uZosigisruguisdus Sue MUANOL Is, Ns.b tsp. Vaul. 29,/ 173 lus*ç coP iiNisIisd loss pisysus. eSoiVcrt V I Moths.IN is USAUTPIA. Not. sosfaisbIp iNooSo s21/ 115141 10W's' S,Gwldwy. iws.* b*wo.s s'. butoy Wills NI 5.41 bts is Oils by PuN. s;slsn'i CIduPin acc's,.i.L, IChill doctor boy MD (msducx'.s 1.5 /29 w11 S,.uctsd leaNty - bokmg So So. S NI-K. Tknss51SiN. Sot. blip bssilhu.i$ nssi WiltsisSon H 141-S. sslsd Dull Wills M.D So. Pvsdiva'. - Erio.440gs51,Owl.busmsss StociuuiIs. bsy400001. lIVOIlISMI) Thus N SiN. SoiNp-400001. (CI) aanpga.u( Lisiu*sr - Gws05 (M51L 70001-1+) lIt ru b'sy. rsonw.s p1 bus's. ALLIANCE fuNdSows45ssd LnMI. ATTIACTIVE pMSmbu OINupp1burn SEAUT1FUL Nsipnt gist let Ii / 172 *4 PussiSty s&.atsd Puiy p1 o.lIy ilsr Nrosd. PurNi iAi. 42. No lust's Wilu mIpsctabIs bIlly P.aqn 163onfor ystrug 155. 5oSI.ys&aN Lngsnse' Cuss. I la.Iway Office' Nc.'. Wins Son N 134-IC. Irruss N 10. 0 545-5. . This. N 505. So... imp m 25 ps ons Son 4652. Timss oh orlsugmsai ptotivv.d WrIls Son 5*93 $o'nbi,.400001 YDI1 11371j bsy-400001. 41701116301) 505. POus 9741*2) 0501, Is'50s.5 (3404X)

16 -

'' L IlAsi&V lair Awl it:eeital litovt. SUITABLI Match required for ;employee (Luc:know) relpre.tableSaxon° :family /152/1500 Write ot ;an- Kayastha Weinpost :tact K ,S.t'adav.itocrirg.graduate sistere age 3732. Cor- respond Spa 10411 Jtc C/o Pioheer SUITABLE match Oath same ChM ion Maar Kakkar ParkiLocknow Luck . caste for Kanyakuble Brahmin 21/ 2011048-Jtcla , 201901JICIR 158 M.A biautihS sus eel well versed in household affairs KATAIITHA match for SaxonsKashyap Gotra gin early marriage E MPLOYED/businsesman faint smart Wbinissive homely girl match from same caSte for Ralput BOX 22/153 M.Asub-caste no bar.Write 9113-JtC Pioneer 23/165 fair Intermediate slim girl Luck I low. early marriage. Write Box 1032 Jtc no dowry. Writs with lull detailsPioneer Lucknow. 20(963-JtC)R Box 936-AC. Pioneer. Lucknow. 26(936-JIC)R 204 1032-JtcIR BRIDES & SUITABLE employed -match for KAYAIITHA match for beautiful Samna mangli BA. wellversed inlair slim smart girl 241156 convent GROOMS educated M.A.brilliant career SUITABLS matches for Sunni household @Heirs 27/165 skin gin. Syed handsome brother 291167 Write fuldelleffs with horoscope toU.0 C. fellow. well versed in tiouse 'hold 'fromeducatedcultured.Contral-government employee. Box 540-JIC. Pioneer. Luclmow. own house and homeiy. beautiful 24(p40-.1tC)Rfamily.Father(*matted officer (Retd). Write Box ti0281-Jtc.sister 25/160 M.A. Write Box 1058- toucan° emdloyad hand-Pioneer*Locknow. JIC The Pioneer. Lilcknow. some groom for 27!150 BA Ciovt 20(102041c) 2110410118-ACIR vnoloyiirf beautiful Brahmin EMPLOYED, match from same MATCH for Kayastha Srivastava Kumaon girl Caste No bar from caste for .Kayasth32/15211500 same caste prelerre4. Write Boxgel26/155sgradualeinediuthdivorcee issueless girl, issueless 921JIC. Pioneer. Lucknow. complexion. beautiful. homely glrl.widower/divorcee acceptable and 2b1921C114father Govt.pensioner, unciesbride for 26/172 Journalist boy clam I-officers in ONGC. caste noearly marriaae. Write Box 1010JtC MATCHtor beautduiherbar. no dowry. Early and siMple'Pioneer. lucknow brahl.-.41 Kasyap Gotra girl M.A.Marriage.WriteBon CSJtv 28041010-J1CM (Hindh 2a/150. no dowry earlyPioneer Lucknow. marriaie Well-ye/led in house- 20015-JtvIR 'MATCH for Saryuparin advo- holdertn.4. 'Write Box 93JIC. cate 27'6/4000 business near Pioneer. LucKiiiiw. MAYON for Mathur girl 37 yearsAllakabad girl 23/54/2200 M.A.. 155 cm. M A kl Ed lafr complex-B.Ed. teacher inInter College 20(593JtC)Rion sub-caste no bat. Write 80x seLucknow with details. Write Box WANTED- suitable KanyukuNt.Jtc Pidneer Luckhow. 997 Jtc. Pioneer. Lucknow. BrahMin match for beautiful shm 2(3489-Jtv) 250(997 Jtc)P 27/153. cm.Post-gradualr, KHANS practising medicb SENIOR Officer, match fOr (omit la four flours emoluments inwheatish. single Constitution. girlSwarankar 24/165 MA fair and serna-governmept estabbownent261155 B.A. DMT. AMP. AAMRC.educated bride from educated frio dowry. Setal horoscope andInvites Kayastlia alliancs.prite Box,'family fOr 26/165 MA employed detailed particularsWritr Ooxt375 JIC Pioneer., Lucknow. - boy. Write Box 1037JIC. Pioneer. 928JtC Pioneer Lucknow 2041075 JICIK Lucknow. PG19211.ACNi 25041037JtCo AGRAWALA divorce* 36/1480 S RIVASTAVA pe rent invites ford-*50h M.A.B.Ed. Headmistress KANYAKUBJA ItratIman match cosmos from Enchnbers/Bank Of..needs life partner priority to Vaishfor first class M Sc.M.Ed. 30/154 beers/mil-placed groom lot shinLucknow residenConlact with fulland her brother 28 1175/4000 corn- 27/158/2000 Graduate. Centraldetails Box 1053 JtC. Pioneer.puter engineer in public secthr employ ie.earlydecent Ctovt Lucknow. Write BOY 91JtV. Pioneer Marriage. Write Box No 915J1C. 24341063JtC ILucknow. Pidneer. Lucknow .2till915JtCIF 213G191JtV .! ALLIANCI invited from Scien- KMAIITHA tall gorl technicallytistslecturers. engineers, bank SUITABLII match lOr Kanya- qualified girl for 26/165 computerofficers tor Gori Kayastha girlkubla 22/108 MA. (SocioloilY) engineer. Csnada qualified highlyM.Sc. Ph.D. 29/160/3000 Centralbeautiful girl gazetted/equivelent Canada employed. Write Box 952Govt employee Lucknow based officer preferred and ws11versed on Jlc. Pioneer. Luoknow. Write Box 96JIV. Pioneer.,household affairs beautiful tail girl 20(962 Jic)Rtucknovr. 1Or 24/163/4000 doIng own busi- 2G(99JtV)ness nandsome boy.Write Arun SUITABLE match for 27/160r Mishrp64. Khur shedBligh. 1500 M.Com. beautiful fair bank WELL -11ITTLED KMAIITHA LOCknOws. 21303(945-AC)11 employed Agarwal glri. No bars MATCH FOR ATTRACTIVE, Write Box .1184J1C. Pioneer.HIGHLY GUAUFIED & EM- SAXENA t,riy 28/163/2500 bank tucknow PLOYED SAUNA GIRL 361153/employee, bank employed/aqui 20(8114./tC)PIMO& HIGH COHNECTIONS.valsnt giro preferred and suitable DECENT MARRIAOL WRITEmatch for his sister 23/153/MA B RAHMIN groom for taw Om50X 3117JT, PIONEER, INCK-(Music) wheatien towards fair sally good-lookino talented 39 yearsNOW. marriage Write Box906JtC. (looks much younger) Kurnaoni LK20(i WINPioneer lucknow. Brahmin. convent,educated, .904906J1C)R unmarriedteacher.goodat MATCH for Sunni Doctor girl 31/ household work. Father was IAS160cm 1.4 5.5 S.M.() employed in KAYASTNA ' matches for officer. .Write Box 94 Jtv ThePMS early marriage. Write Box Srivastava-Kharebeautiful goo Pioneer Lucknow. 10110.X. Pioneer, Lucknow. slimgirl M A24/156 decent 2G(94-Jh 213(1090J1C) marriage and tall gore slim beauti- ful. bride for handsome brother WELL sowed match for 24/158 MATCH FOR Sunni girl 8 Sc. Sc. LLB 29/172/2500 lair post graudate beautiful homely state. 32/160 cm.laircolour smart.subordinate services girlmain PunjabiAroregirlexpertinhousehold expert early marriageconsideration .ousehold work, early marriage full parloCulers WriteBox10111JtC. Pioneer.horoscope first instance WriteBo, Write Box 93 Jut PooneerlucknowLucknow 97-JtV Pioneer. Luckne* 284P3-Jtvi 2Gooetoc 2813(117-JtVIR 17 BATHING BEAUTIES Snaked heroines ensure showersat the box office mere sanitary duty to a lavish particular art form through the BOMBAY BUZZ erotic ceremony. And after that, years and his films all the wa) expectedly enough, a whole lot of from Aware toRem Tefi Goma UR movie-makers could well film-makers followed suit in Magi. Obe magicians, what with Hollywood and elsewhere, And if such cinematic psychic tricks up their sleeves and inclding our own country, of cleanliness is just about as groovy miraculous surprises under their course. In the early 40s Kedar as godliness at the box-office for non-existent top hats. Sharma made a film called our so-called commercial film- Well, how else could thty work Chiwakkhewith some bathing makers, well, it's no less so for such wonders as they do with our srxnes which obviously owed their our so-called art cinema leading ladies? inspiration to the pioneering practitioners either. Remember They can convince all our efforts of Cecil B. DeNfille. Cloak's?Haven't they too sensible, intelligent and no- But then we created our own preached the same maxim since nonsense actresses of the need for Cecil B. DeMille in the name of. then? them to put on the skimpiest or Raj Kapott who refined this - Subroto Mukberjee the most diaphanous of outfits in cinematic situations where it is not 111.1.11".? at all called for by any stretch of irrationality. They can call up the rain gods (over a non-existent earth-to- heaven telephonic hotline!)to request showers at any time and at any place, wherever and whenever they happen to 1-e shooting, in the midst of any season, let alone the monsoon. And the rain gods at once comply with the request so that the cameraman and the dance director can enjoy a combined 'fr ..ak-oue, creating any visual symphony (or disharmony) of eroticism they feel like. Our film-makers can always convince our heroines that getting soaked right through to their shapely bones any place and any number of times during the day (and that too in the flimsiest of costumes!) is the best thing for their health. They can also convince our leading ladies that the hest 14-711111111436, outdoors are always on the edges of lakes or rivers, ponds or -"'.1"1"1" 1 swimming pools - so that they can . conveniently exercise their psychic power to bump the ladies into the water without even budging from the director's chair. To the best of our knowledge. it was the Hollywood movie mogul Cecil B. MN& who first preached in cinematic terms 4 about cleanliness being next onl) to godliness through a movie he made in 1919 calledMak eml Femak.lt presented some I. - hitherto unseen and elaborate aquatic scenes, thereby attempting to reveal the sheer 'dein. . ',.. beauty and ecstasy of bat: female -`14 ..... bodies, elevate undressing to a t:.4:1-.....-.....30"-.. _ fine 3/1 form and bathing from a Madburl Dixit comes clean

- 18

A,0 L0/ 12 prostitutes,14 lechers

developedDalmandi as a major trading andbusiness larrested in raid profe- lumping from centre. But the oldest By As Staff Rumble escape by ssion was not extirpatedfrom wall. was rpellsedonly But the CircleOfficer and here,It VARANASI, July 29-Tweive recently. prostitutesand'14 lechersthe DistrictWelfare Officer ware arrested thiseveningwere consnicuousby their in a point operation launchedabsence In theraidinj party, by the Chowk and Dashash-who used to make apart of w a me dhpoliceInthethe reldInd party,a source Datmandl area. alleged. The men arrested from the ftle to be mentionedhere brothelsincluded *Localthat the brothel weretrans- Intelligence Unit (LIU) sleuth,ferred to Maduadlh,outskirts andan MBBS doctor. AUof the city fromDalmandi. the men along with prosti-Later, the localtuthorities tutes have been taken to the Chowk police station. The raid was conducted Women held at about 7.30 P.M. which caughttheprostitutes and brothel-runnersoff guard. for stripping The rumpus ensued the lcnock at the door by thepollee, another Inwhich,according to the his leg . Aug 3 (Mc, source, a lecher got About half a dozen women has e heen fracturedwhiletrying to arrested in connection with strip b.....L...... 11.11411.1111111% ping naked a 35-year-old woman near Biora in Rajgarh district. a re- port reaching here said The woman. Geetabai. who w ex communicated from the Mali corn- munny VAS undressed b a group ot Murder bid in her face was blackened aid an attempt was made to parade her -teasing case on a donkey Geetabai in the meantime fainted and By A Staff Reporter NEW DELHI. August 7 : An IMP- cou:d not be mounted on the donk dent of eve-teasing led to an at- ey. On gettingthe information tempted murder in Wett Delhi yes- police reached the spot and rey terday. istered cases against the women The police said the trouble began Thc Mali cornmanit wa% irked oser when Kale slapped a boy who had the conduct of Geetahaiht, h.fti allegedly teased his sister, in Shanti recentl!. accepted a Harlon tiuth.t, Nagar. north-west Delhi. The boy her eighth husband after dcsertini related the incident to his friends her earlier partners who got enraged and launched a hunt for Kala. Instead they found Kale's friends. Deepak Dua and Nirmal Kumar. both standing on the road leading to Shanti Nagar After a heated argu . ment. one of them took out aknife and stabbed Deepak. Dcepak was naked to Deen Dayal Upadhysys hospital. The police arrested the three men, identified as Satyawan, Sanjay, and Virender,allresidents of Uttam Nagar. for attempted murder. , II MINIM=1=-; Jo_that mate, they 74,1 sanivemrik lamp* '" 72111WrairlirgISVPro! tar. the =So rAlilbeli:4erfrdeeeen:i;;::. tifie4rpetiretot efl *so lam.° titles:ear et the portant: 4, nforiority supriedtpis Mende 'NO fliine MOM. tinerielmebdiebtatlesf lem.t< ettaried wr the male child for Memories Odlletedi .bestilful vto. k ?itee and prevelisd..nsie14tevot sinew We VW ant* ,,naritalrolations.Higher imperstIve tO have an amino 1"roolst, ..vrith NOM Of fthe Aenteiftet, :estiliability iedurationwealth,fanny. knowledgeofanseslf, wee 'concerted and ..estrived I r pitesteminon suggnsd tb IPi :backgroundbeauty*top ; deficient:keelesiffidencles$ 6. offer% adifili flimab professionsiposition, reset liabilities, elate ate withor dogorda tisk.fait sow Under shouldatittilitt mIvein7 thhirindthe 46 'biplanes Mr seaport a-. xeggeratingthorn. Some :It en, PIM* the :OM amour. et tailpeot he Mots it 'feelingof such couplers ',peoplesate Otto who . from fie sits is ..leturtiable couplet.itIs . their' Pews in "Xhith the nipes' .4irfn 319 mettet,.. !Among the willleer 'vested Worse* . reflect Jn thb mei lisothIngbutfoolleimess tO .*, own shortaoani trap- tmeenantrir111111111t110, . in rind Mat *sat. At astsancesi: wi pnwr: !think abellit such infinitesimal red to others these Mats leeping lemignel dr Skid **Us tope roily when tie ,aftet a family background of ir modern:.At m atte ls people de net 'hero. no such three decade% one ihovekiitlisereItroliagenstii 'jeers prate,' *more worth, ;:husbend rind wife are the two istfort-tremings.as serious two ta is resay. mei ofthesamecoin and ladder in .yosir simy to errs We the marled llfe *Mermen-dee formai 'nem rend WA%t'ildes oendItwould befutile to. viSI in.the . woe that: Aar= and bristglialisuch oontroVeries de? affairs and amid lebibing reasseentnow, pp liev in mutual owe , is ,Wards foechange in the *ritual 410 the daY to dey affair ,the %obit at either orepistes. Mbes, earns and manners pc, arneglital iotoriVido ring the simile ,,something' Incongruous and it Is deo inimitable for the- ft" tre testdr" of, efootthot Andivi&asi ofthsilfe-petnet.Itis Milts.C;:oatailnation I- uncalled foe. The infructutas ilia .putneti te desist free, tie have self-dungy sienaceffeelesmankisisli 111 Verdnalite of a .ville is as mere of a leaband Mitneging finding mistakes end thereby' better .the reatriserd.. trenrdlors important as AN* ofs husband ; :4 Dinette always dIsilidng his biesing oath eller. it Weill, rather then make the mate to Direr Wife tee be, taken for for; change, so as to, ail tie ilfe- .4.44 Aldring _affj11122110 onti that may be oes be .,geriinteresting ;partner habits and vejOitt prospetne __Amu'. theconditionsunder which Tvion du* and enelysisb This toconeciously' Writ ~demi, ..end mei the . m subtle agreement : lift-partnerssquabble twory reminiscent their, bonspnoon . Alwaye keep ',confidence In 7A with .the Ahab isueder of the. Int parer. Both of tier - now and theft not beams days viten Bey IhtentWagy might have had bitter tastes in i the irocallsd IWO" Ildr 104 etidollYmvkodtullos tahotdh etinsnetel, fondly at Wary' kept men' over theit thsreputed. husbands IN anti wIfe. incidents%., them ' probisrne but Waxesof the 'partnerdefaults end short-. life either before or after the With Me ateegelo no denying the fad that a. ' sttebornattitude ,cook* ant even refused marriage known to tech tither While Wad melflePtallsfo°1 Avlfe leisuialealy and imisidu-: "Inhlsrilf-asierment that', to bellsve about ti'w.authen- on kept secret by one end am on g won ans. __,___gew__11 early does household work fat., he is being given p secondary clicity of tie wilier remarks rumoured somewhere. It I. ate OW mow .r°' tare -than 15 hours. .0* !mealtime by the public es ;exprossed 'abouteither of such untottuAllts heon here derriee theixabindof.Doctor 'A them by some friends or tdoubistie emoluments that dna Doctor A' I.very well telatIves. As tams passes on, WarnIfl at au911 le equoun 7*1I her lirband Ads torwwzi* known moded practitioner the Initial mutual lows sten exploited by the fedfilio who 5 1411Mg is -0ham of .thecityknown mi- receding and they cc pate perpetuate the moot heinous 4 public at .1 .9fUnathled pommel methods woodkoroo,,. weh bit ?; sdated by the with each other bi birt .;.! . crimesagainstwomen eicai.: large due to hoe . excellent counter-blaming van escapeseetfaie_,_:Mith k000kle glow ban; owlet to then. kiferiority fetting thssurroundings connlvanaiofens 16"4 Iharassing the ire Jartunsts' complex, no doubt, grodually: end carq tin their accusations re I grie 1.4suthetIties.s' brethrenw receiving bribes end *ado to prgchologIcal problemt introt*of, thechildreN society helamerj, "other induoapers es comp- endrequirestreatment In reist Iviesand outsiders on extending um Arks e ted to a poi wife whose mentalhospital..Lack of ; manors of trivial mitre. Here lion and foithf Orvieto to mimes work, so tho bseans 'proper treatmentas it maf be ramambated that his wife is a esmetsiribilitr of the family, ' beton* patient maytorevete sexualInterestcan be the end these may SOTO Them are ~Segos 'wticti: the sltustion thitherend thev paramount factor respensele during the hoetonde Who weuld indeull .have beensettledafter may metamorphoseinto a fortheirsilence sucha,a__ritadant It' compromleint on the manses chronic sufferer of schizo- honeymoon days. Unwell,/ Impressionthatthehigh : phienle or the like. Individual m :trim ohalcontract they school fulled timid *repast hthft of conparIng fellovenen are equal In statue sndthe graduate brother wouldmarry Of even the lite-partners and husbands have motal duty to Om engineer bov's mentally ,striving at a vnong conclusion respecttheirwiveswith warded airror--.1n the husband omit Is the root cause of faithful service If they expect invitingInteriorthinking in the some Iran their wives, due course, develop a sense of Hero some simple but easy to luparlority complex which will l Practice "5 snl_____Irivial!! sad toInexplicableagony, BESTCOPY AVAILABLE ateofferedtonewel anguishandsuffering to his rimming WA h000y as they wwts on,4 wir..voiriro. .. or% T:1119;:1:*--4 L". `6-91r***:fleer""144?'",".'s"c*:t.'. lhe tespensibillty of. bolh of; tolifeftpartners'operate- .; _them to kelp quietonidentity.. This sublect matter euch mutton and de net try to . relatives dieted be kept mingle thlm with. the sole ', away lora gut frilly affairs ; *ntantiOn olputting. themod sitter of the Ufa-partner .j 'Ate -postwarto Wangling ..should Amosbringthat ordeal. In gage the lik-peetnersubloctfordiscussion or Igtri IN salts. (Plerrele. argreeents.If you have *me *as' ents with somebodyr %bee, Ana it surcluively with . 'always: Wirt,.kelp gnethe mato,arrangepladc. wilt MOW end done la[nor Irk Upend time in hands with thousand's AVM if ow* with the partoor i thelifoiirattrmtIs dolAg.' ofmaintain prom of rho flemOtolnot'Aetonr 1Ienollnelike.Tim wit& timole fe..elePle twat the mettotnot anoint faiths Once work, /r4M 'end 011nInk hondelt_,Ithkitchen' duty, haulm and k..the atmilloS %VOWS alignelerearingofchildren done. VerellelIng "the StoPonnet-Always how In mind that t withbelltt *NAM_ A__ _IV . vasty toeartarA10 Maeda sabot one's rentfis,F,_ It toIno .. Mat* eni not tmerG thdtiveW . evieune.- trega, Of .Wedird InoePtten Asp* Meld* andWelds lee A le verY;amongst% erode. midtown*.. *IitOf Wield. In _Ohlmairot,__or. tows* see's litewportner as *.`Pfollreentlelf. nee we Me Amigo that Sometimes ;, :esti AttolIth. note Us basic meson for family &email b17. te- garde . obto.. oiled ot 4 r tho :'hotooreitgroup of weeds IOW Wetter . Wedebd haloed, _rnellloy-of the *tuft Couto no 1021.1._ sod moon!aoworao___Amnia.* nm o troubles duo the, ____111111/aliner, VanTaraWair tO theIn-laws.. frequent n.) Rani 41111111 Wouldtariging reamits asimlod with : el to not hen the mullet SMIHOSIA. allot their relations.... Centrum :shipsancootralpopularity and- .bunts into qustreiggimilerirproperty, Away background nan-exprosion oflova end ..effsctIon is ales haseful.On woo pay oomadoilittoop %the Weld herdt. OPPIOnlW coneirnod, we may rkspeesshm loodd PaY thetin dividen d. in derolvkm Who.conclude was of that.* instrinisnid le ahmtplesive acct. , ate,thrslifodipartner widia slam topitanoy be osegratilatisd awl mho.'or oto mum ba lett the geed week 'dem 01.. lived with r treatment/ west achievement.ettabsed... coonsoiliegi iityend .Kes accedon of oehileration ..doArymay bad to broairoor occur very mealy IA life and or thi monis"ContreptO1 It le ttolho-Portnen Walden " the violationsare drained due (My tO fgestIne the loYoue. to peouniaryprobleresopiennkig *occasioncolebiated and andbudtttino frmn the appleuded. Another reason for &vise a marital .equabblesistheraliiiirbudger,andplan e life -pattne rediscusair,anulyconsistihgofthe pertaining to the* relativer, barest minimumchildren to in our society, relatives have avoid frictions.Children are to nothing to do with a husband be broughtup in a mutually endwife . dnceafterthe. agreed mannerand not marriage, relatives becomes aaccordingtooneofthe non-entityescompared partner's whims alone. Women entitled to half of budget: Alva NEW DELHI, Aug. 2 A question on the welfare of women HT Correorndent kd to a virtual half an hour discussion on the subject during the Questiontions, about 200 were found accept- Hour in the today, withable. The process of consultations with Minister of State for Women and ChildState Governments and other agencies Development Margaret Alva respond-was required to be gone through. ing enthusiastically that "we have a WhenMrs JayantiNatarajan right to 50 per cent of the national(Cong-I) referred to a "statement" by Budget." BM member Vijaya Raje in The question asked by Mr Atal Be-favour of Sati practice. Mr Vajpayee han Vajpayee and Mr Kailash Patiprotested that one should not go by Mishra ()re-Press reports Mrs Natarajan said she lated to the National Perspective Plancould withdraw her comment if Mr Va- for Women. jpayee maintained that the reports In a supplementary query. Mrswere incorrect. Kanak Mukherjee (CPI-M) wondered Mrs Alva said it was true that a whether the Plan would remain in pap-member did say something on San and er only as it stated that it required noit was widely reported She said that extra financial allocation. Was it onlylaw provided that a member could not for propaganda, she asked. propagate the practice. Mrs Alva said there was no need for separate allotment of funds for the Plan. Each Ministry could take care of the portion of the Plan relevant to it and provide suitable funds. A separate allocation for the perspective plan would make it appear as if women wanted charity. In fact they had a right to half the national budget. Mr Vajpayee said 75 per cent of the women were illiterate and their drop- out rate from schools was high. Would a 30 per cent reservation for women in the Panchayats solve the problem, he asked. The Minister saki bringing women to Panchayats or Parliament itself would not solve the problem. They would have to be associated in the decision-making proce..s. Mrs Alva announced that the Cov. ernment would soon take a decision on the recommendations contained in the perspective plan and found imple- mentable. Of the 353 recommenda- `Changc 'in social attitude needed' BOMBAY. July 15 (PM: Noted film She said: -On one hand women are actress and winner of the internation-worshipped as deities having supreme al human rights award; Shabanapowers and on the other there were Azmi. today called for a change in the700 dowry deaths in Delhi alone last social attitudes to end human rightsYear- violation. Azmi also referred about the 'other A constant and concerted effortways' of violations of human rights should be made to strip tradition offwhen 'obsolete and hazardous tech- its legitimacy whereever it resulted in discriminatory labour. replying to a felicitation at a function held here. Ms Azmi said she believed that violations of human rights could talc: many forms.It could be violated 'internationallybyindividualsas when a person is denied entry to a eating house on racial grounds or can be structural like when a worker is rendered unemployed by force of market mechanisms', she said. Social and structural denials of hu-hology is thrust upon people, when man rights of workers, especially. oimulti-national corporations exploit its the migrant workers, of women. ofcheap labour market. foist dangerous the minority communities and of chil-drugs banned in the west. upon an dren, were 'universal', she added. ignorant but captive market'. Ms Azmi said India was the largest Concluding that human rights could .clemocratic country in the world andnot be discussed in a vacumpt, Azmi the 10th largest industrialised nation.said everyone should pause to ques- but e was also true thatmore than 40tion the value-system that created crore people were living below theinequal balances and power struc- poverty line and the number of 'work- mg' children in the cuuntrywas more The function was preside c! over b er less the same es -the total popula-'the Minister of Industi). Mr Ramrao 6on of Britain. Adik. Womenprotest against sexual abuse Women traffic cops 1170MEN employees of storming another VI' the Union male bastion territory administration have threatened to launch a NEW DELHI. July 16(PTI): Women stir if action is not taken ; cops now regulate trafficat some of against officials allegedly in- the busiest intersectionsin the capital. volved in cases of setual storming yet another traditionalmale abuse and harrassment, re- bastion. ports TOINS from Chan- These women cops. smart' cliaarh. The UT Women 'Employees' trolling the movement of trafti. end Welfare Association holding sway in both sweltering heat (UTWEWA) has served a 15- and chilly mornings, have foughtit day notice on the adminis- the hard way to overcome family 'ration to secure them justice or compulsions and demolish myths ab- face the consequences. The as- outtheirsocial and rural -back- sociation has also decided to grounds. apprise the Prime Minister, Mr , of the plight of its About ten such womenconstables members. are posted at some of most overbur. Theassociationpresident, dened crossings of thecity, whose Mrs Harjinder Jewandha, and roads are jammed withan estimated its !general betretary, Mrs Kuldip 1.4 million vehicles. Sodhi, have alleged that women employees are not safe during office hours. They cited the alleged rape of 10 ayahs working under the district education of- ficer. Some male employees are allegedto have taken these ayahs to Maloya Village on the pretext of getting them appoint- ment letters. The women were allegedly raped in the village.

They also cited another case where two women employees were allegedly raped in the offim i of an lAS official who was on I leave. The culprits were the official's personal staff. They alleged that though raided the offioe and ca t the culprits red-hAnded, no er 1 action was taken against them.

24 Women's work still undervalued jOMBAY, July 16 (UNI) LTOW often do men say, "In I lour family women do not However, at the same time,men work?" r 1 working. within the householdare not nit undervaluation of women's ignored and are includedinthe work has built up a value system in ilabour force even if theyare doing the counuy that recognises wor len as "non-wage" work. primarily domestic workers anJ thus This happens because only "supplementary earners" in the at times labour market. women's own perception oftheir role in household production,although According to Dr Vibbuti Patel, a they may be highlyeconomically social scientist working in the field of Iactive, is similar to that ofnew. They women studies, the lack of recog- o alongwiththe presumption that nition and appreciation of women's - men are the natural heads of the work has led to prejudice against household andwomen thesup- their role and contribution in society. plementary wage earners, even Theseprejudices,inturn,have thoughthey may bethesole slotted women, already low on their providers for their famihes. self-image, into a lower secondary According to Dr Joy Deshmukh, status and that justifies their being such biases arise due to thebypassing paid low wages. of the inter-relationshipswithin the Thus the female labour force is 1 regarded merely "as an auxiliary household whicl. is never treated as labour force to be hired last dunng a unit for but only as a unit of " periods of eccnom, : upsurge and to analysis. Ibe fired first during periods of econ- The household must be treatedas omic recessions." an arena of activity so that traditional Dr Patel hascriticised tbe definitions and approachesare alter- dichotomy posed between social and ed and the distance between factsand 'domestic labour and su- uently presumption bridged effectively. industrial and household pr uction Emphasising the need to make tbe and called for such an assessment of household an object of study,Dr women's economic contribution to Deshmukb says the householdmore society that takes into cognisance the Wien than not conceals thebeginning borderline activities between house- of gender based inequalities econ- work and economic work which the omic, socialor cultural with women at the wrong end ofthe majority of third world women do equation. According to her, the housework that women do like cooking, cleaning A study of the householdsas a unit and child cart, among others that are can throw light on wotnen'slives and vital for the subsistence of the family and take up a major part of the day. work as different householdsaccord are not treated as economically pro- women different statuses andthe ductive. And even if, alongside their type and structure of the household usual housework women do "pro- ulumately hat a bearingon that ductive work" that directly or in- status. Of course, thisstatus is con- directly ,:ontnbute to family income, cealed in issues relatedto women's this is generally lost sight of by all. fertility, work productivity,authonty anti inlitnendence. i....

"...101111111P Givingwomentheupperhand By a Staff Reporter A TWIST and a punch and tithe throws him to the ground, unconecious. Until re- !VIAL, eently, the fair sex getting the better dr their male counterparts in a brawl was rather diMcult to S. * imagine However, women can _ now pay eve-teasers, robbers and members of their clan back in their own coin by the apparently effortless manoeuvres of judo and karate. The"self-defence", coutses. . started by the Delhi Mice will enable a smooth journey for wo- 4 men on buses and on Delhi roads. ;ski In south-west Delhi, the judo- karate craze is catching on like wildfire. Nearly 1,000 girls have been enrolled for these classes in less than 6 centres since the launching of this programme on a;121 June 10. Every morning and evening the local parks in Janakpuri, Maya- pun, R K. Puram and Vinay

Naga* ore swarming with bud- 4.

ding female Bruce Lees, 5i4A*' trained in the martial arts. 44;i4/4440144 114,:'*6 "we had to close admissions and extend the course up to July Women at a self-defence trainingclass at R. K. Puram, NewDelhi. 10, on public request, said the The Statesman. senior Special Police Officer of R. K. Purim. ployee of the P & T department,first be accepted by families. ble a fancy dress show. and karate needs concent-timings are no obstacle. "I leaveIf this programme in south- Whatever the drawbacks and ration, an alert mind and quickoffice at I p.m. snd make it awest Delft.isuccessfid thenthe shortcomings of the scheme, reflexes. It is actually a few trickspoint to be here by 6-30 p.m., shesteps would be taken to beginit hss taken a lot of effort on the one has to remember to rendersays. She feels learning judo andthese in all community centres orpart of police to motivate even a the other person 'helpless. Whenkarate is not only a weapon foreven healthclubs, femalehandful of people. They went the weak points in a body areself-defence but a sport in itself.coaches would be provided anddoor to door on an awareness known controlling movement is Her enthusiasm is shared byother facilities made available. Atcampaign. Then they had meet- not difficult. other participants. "The Delhipresent,of course, only en-ings with the SPOs and the wel- The programme was launchedPolice should appro. .?b all thethusiasm amd determination canfare association to initate the last month with a view to incul-schools to make courses like thiscarry coaches arid participantsprogramme. The Delhi Police has cate self-confidence among wo-compulsory for girls, suggestsalong. . now decided to give certificates men. °This will enable the wa-Jasleen. Only* few coaches from Sportsat the end of the session. "After rren to defend themselves fromThis is easier said than doneAuthority of India. Jawaharlalall they need an incentive too," everyday harassment," says Mr"It is intriguing and rather unfor-Nehru Stadium and a few othersthe organizers say. A. S. Khan, Deputy Commission-tunate that a programme like thishave volunteered to train the stu- The efforts of the police will er of Police, South-West districtevoked response only from thedents free of cost. Mr Shiv Kumarfinally be awarded if and when Even housewives or elderly wo-educated upper middle class,"Kohli, arecord holder in judo andthese trained women come to us men, if properly trained, can pre-said Mr Khan. Josleen's sugges-a coach at Janakpuri and Vinaywith a smile on their faces and an vent daylight robberies and ap-tionis supported by a largeNagar, cnthused, "I don't mindoffern...1 dragging behind them. prehend intruders, he said. number of enthusiastic parents,putting in some money from myIt might take some time for However, most of those enrol-who come to watch the rehearsalsown pocket if I bring out talent inothers but Simla has already led are young girls aged betweeneveryday. "It these courses aresome students. A few of them re-done it. A few days of coaching 6 and 25, al. oost all of them stu-started in schools then we won'tally have it." have already made her confident dents. have to come here everyday toHowever, a coach at R. K.enough to embarrass a ruffian "This wi II not only help us todrop and pick up our daughters,"Puram does not total)), agree.and give him a blow or tv.o. Re- move about freely but also to pro-said a gentleman who comes allWhat do minor children knowcounting the incident, klimla said tect other women," says JasJeenthe way from UT with his daugh-about self-defence? They join theshe had managed to punch an Wanda, a student ter, waits for an hour and thenclasses fur the Ilkm of it. The moti-eve-terser on his nose and virtu- Dr Khan is however keen totakes her back. vation is greatest among thoseally throw him out of the bus. have more housewives on his However, there still are parentswho have actually been harassed. Marie. Had it not been for others, the who are deterred by distances, The DCP admits th.,i uniformsruffian "would have been in the Housewives are probably in-and still others who balk at thewould make it all look formal.hospital by now, she says with a terested, but they feel the timingidea of their daughters beingBut financialconstraints andsmile on her face. That would inconvenient trained by male coaches. Thus, itother inegularities have all cont-surely raise the morale of the But for Simla Passi, an em-is imperative that the idea shouldrived to make the classes resem-police officers.

26

1

% $ CALCUTTA:CITYOF JOY CALCUTTA: THE CITY OF JOY

Ch Calcutta, the City of Joy, is soon to celebrate its 300th birthday. After seeing Calcutta one can wonder how did it manage to reach that number. And, like many cf its American urban counterparts, I'm not sure how many more yearsthat city will have until more and more of its infrastructure collapses under the weight of its population's demands. Dominic LaPierre's book entitled The City:of Joy is a wonderfully written book describing this city. TO call it a City of Joy is truly an oxymoron. I have placed several excerpts in Volume 2 of this project.The pages that follow contain pictures of Calcutta that appeared in a Calcutta weekend supple- ment - they're typical scenes. THEOTHERSIDEOF...

FOR Robert Clive, whosaw Calcutta a little after its birth, the city which will soon celebrate its tricentenary.was "the most wicked place in the universe". In early 19th century,William Bentwick,found "the specta- cle of Calcutta aitogether the rnost curious andmagnificent I have met with". In W. same century, Rudyard 'Kiplingsaid it was "the city of dreadful night". Mark Twain, who lecturedin Calcutta in 1896, felt Cal- cutta is "enough to make a brass' doorknob mushy". And, itis said, Lenin had proclaimed that "the road to .worldrevolution lies through Peking, Shanghai and Calcutta". In more.modern times,a book calling it the City

I of Joy became a best-seller. Hereare. some vignettes of the city, scenes i.) which are unlikely to change after decades.The not so affluent, joyfulpart ,o of Calcutta. But, nevertheless,a pert of.the city.

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M I FO,ww. .S. --4. /_a 1 0. A 4 1, INDIA: FEELING ITS CURRY rail

INDIA: 1.thLING ITS CURRY

Forty years young and also thousands of years old - an interesting plel on numbers - modern India, riost imperialism, after the Rai, is a new nation industrial- izing, looking out to the future, and growing in strength.

I suppose one could look at India as an old civilization, ebbingand flowing, like the cycles of life - expanding, ccntracting,with cycles measuredin terms of centuries or perhaps generations; Harappan, Gupta, Mauyra were Indianempires all - and we know (at least I know) very little about these.

India is feeling its political, economic, or military oats.She is still some- what precccupied with her Mbslem rival, ; but a few years back India's support of Bangladesh's independence movement certlinly weakened her arch eremy. Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan have been enveloped, absorbed, and made satellites to a varying degree; only Nepal has maintained a degree of autonomy. Recent inclinations (overtures) to Red China incurred the wrath of Mbther India - articles so noting that follow. Sri Lanka is another story. Eons ago Indian Tamils migrated to Sri Lanka seeking work. These industrious people helped to futher the development of this island nation. As a minority the Tamils were persecuted by the native majority Sinhalese. There are obvious parallels to other immigrant groups the world over. India,perhaps in coveting this island,either encouraged or didn't discourage native Tamil separatist movements both in India and in Sri Lanka. (The Tamil separatists are quite fractional- ized, and they have been known to turn on themselves as much and as easily as on the government controlled majorit- Sinhalese.) India used the unrest to send a peace- keeping force here - sound familiar.Some 2J00 deaths later, the IPIT is being gradulAlly pulled out. It's an election year in India (1989-1990).

Several activities come to mind in using the material in this section.

A) Compare India today as a young 40 year old nation to the USA at a similar stage. In our early years we added Louisiana 1803, pushed the Cherokee Nation into Florida, and got Texas and our southwest thrcugh a series of wars and near wars with Mexico; this compares to India in S. Asia with Nepal and Sri Lanka.

B) India and Sri Lanka, U.S. and Vietnam any parallels, any differences.

C) Role playing offers you an excellent opportunity to get students involved; assign students to be the foreign minister of Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. Have them express their nation's points of view vis a vis each other.

D) Have the students compare India and China in S. Asis to the U.S. and U.S.S.R. cn the werld scene. Differences in government, economic approach and the wheeling and dealing for control in an area are gocd parallels to use. COVER STORY Anareaof discord India's confrontation with Sri Lanka leads to the cancellation of the SAARC foreign ministers' meeting and throws South Asia into disarray

outh Asian politics is the artcountry's decision to stay away was a standing committee of foreign secretar- of the impossible. At least asprotest gesture to highlight its differ- ies and council of ministers. compnsing far as India is concerned.ences with India on the question ofthe foreign ministers of the ses en na- And thrresult:mid-1989 withdrawal of the 1PKF (Indian Peace tions. findsIndia's regional di-Keeping Force) from Sri Lankan soil. Telephone tninklines among the plomacy touching new lows with the only Sri Lanka's adamant stand led to the SAARC capitals buzzed incessantly as major SAARC (South Asian Associationcancellation of the first day's session offrantic efforts were made to persuade for Regional Cooperation) country not the SAARC senior officials' meeting, Colombo to revise its decision. Pakistan.

openly hostile to Big Brother beingcreating a record of sorts. It was the the current head of SAARC, apparently : Pakistan. Who would have thought that Pakistan, traditionally always at logger- heads with India. would be its closest ally in South Asia? And even a year back, how many could predict that India's most bitter critics in the region would be its long-standing friendsSri Lanka and Nepal? Last December, when leaders of the 3. seven member countries of SAARC posed for the world media at Daaman-e- koh, a picturesque retreat in the Mar- ghala Hills near Islama'aad during the fourth summit,it seemed as if this regional groupingderided by cynics as a mere "talk-shop"--was finally fulfilling its laudable objectives. After all,it had brought Rajiv Gandhi and Benazir Bhut- to. heads of two countries considered sworn enemies in the region, to the 4 \ negotiating table. It was the first time in JO .. 1:'% . s_ almost three decades that an Indian 1°4 Prime Minister had visited Pakistit....I 2! ts Ns% never before had leaders of these two .f.ratiOt cmntries established such a good rap- !MARC summit: basically. b Is India's party port in so short a time. As the beaming first time since SAARC's birth in De- suggested that India issue a statement , faces of 44-year-old Rajiv and 35-year- cember 1985 at Dhaka that the commit-placating Sri Lanka. but India was deter- I old Benazir stared out from TV screens tee of senior officials had been unable to mined not to bow to pressure. A foreign and newspapers wrote about the almost hold its sittings prior to those of the office spokesman told pressmen in New conspiratorial smiles the two exchanged Delhi on 26 June, "We refutto accept at the joint press briefing on the final day -1111111111111 such blatant violations of the SAARC of the surmit, it looked like the begin- charter,espedally Article11.which ning of a new, and dramatic, chapter in The boycott of the clearly states that bilateral andconten- South Asia. SAARC meet was the tious issues shall be excluded from But recent events gave a handle to SAARC deliberations. We appreciate SAARC's critics to scream that thP most dramatic of the concern of Sri Lanka, but this should organisation was just a "mirage". Hope- the gestures through not have stood in the way of its participa- of South Asian unity were shattered lib tion in the Islamabad meeting." Sri Lanka announced that it would not which Sri Lanka has attend the foreign ministers' conference sought to s the SAARC charter stipulates that scheduled to begin on 1July at Islam.Sad internationalise its Aau decisions have to be taken unani- in protest against India's intransi- mously. Pakistan announced the post- genco".In a six-page letter to his differences with India ponement of the ministerial meet. The Pakistani counterpart Sahebzada Yaqub over the continued ensuing crisis, though the gravest, is. Khan (copies of which were distributed however. by nO means the only orie in it s to all other foreign ministers assembled presence of the IPKF tour-year-old history. The road to re- at Islamabad), Ranjan Wijeratne, the Sri on the island gional cooperation in South Asid has Lanlcan foreign minister, said that his always been riddled with pitfalls. De. -11111111111

42 spitestipulations in the association's The recent boycott was the most cil of ministers in the Indian charter that bilateral issues would not dramatic of the gestures through which The immediate fall-out of tht come under its purview, the latter have Sri Lanka has sought to internationalise ponement of the foreign minister t.! often come in the way of the organisa- its differences with India. In May 1985, is the prospect of a heacfles!. sk-1,1: tion's smooth functioning. As a senior at the Thimpu meeting of foreign minis- secretariat. The term of thert diplomat of a SAARC country posted in ters, Sri Lanka had alleged that Tamil secretary-general, Abul Ha.,an of B... New Delhi told SUNDAY, "Unlike othermilitants were operating from bases in ladesh, expires in mid-July His su.,

regional groupings, like the ASEAN or India and threatened to stay away from sor has to be chosen by then. .

the EEC, the SAARC does not have a the conference. At the eleventh hour, it stage, Sri Lanka had been rep( ,:-:t . common threat perception. Agim, un- was persuaded by the host, King Jigme asked whether it would endorst de. ;. De the first two, there are vast discre-Wanchuk, to attend. sions taken at Islamabad even if it pancies within its member states. India Then again in June 1987, when the tO its stand of staying away hum tht is a giant with pygmies all around. And SAARC foreign ministers were to meet ministerial meeting. However, acco::: India is also the only country in the in Delhi, Sri Lanka objected to India ing to diplomatic sources in New DOI:: association which has common borders unilaterally sending food suppliesto it did not agree to this. Last week. a with the other countries...In SAARC, Jaffna. Rajiv personally spoke to the thenthe impasse at Islamabad continued. the instead of a common threat perception, president, Junius Jayewardene, to en-Sri Lankan high commissioner in Deih:. there is suspicion of mutual threat..." sure his country's presence at the coun- Dr Stanley Kalpage. a former chemist r.

breakthrough: "There was Unlikely friends, likely conflicts agreement...based on deploymen: cif forces...so as to conform with at Agreement." This sugge-ted Who's afraid of a Siachen agreement? that India had accepted BenazIC- claim that the reutions between the he Lankans want out of the the two countries would withdraw two countries should be governed by Taccord they signed with such thek armies to the 1972 positions. the 1972 Shimla Agreement and fanfare only two years ago. The S.K. Singh seemed happy with this strengthened Khan's contentim. Nepalese believe that Big Brother statement and the next day, this So wliat had happened? The wants to starve them. And the Bang- 'agreement' made the bea lines. answer sqems to be that India and ladeshis remain intensely suspicious Score one for good neighbourliness. Pakistan had agreed to pull back from of their one-time 'liberator'. That Not quite. The very next day, the Siachen and from the pointless con- leaves India and Pakistan as the im- external affairs ministry put its offi- flict (initiated by India in 1984. )But likeliest friends in the subcontinent, cial spokesman up to denying that no dates were set and India wanted it and both Rajiv Gandhi and Benazir done quietly. Khan, however. Bhutto spare no effort to broadcast thought that this was a good way to their new-found harmony. get some domestic acclaim for Be- The problem with unlikely The problem with On the 8leehen bottler:prestige Issue for both skies friendships, alas, is that they ignore unlikely friendships. all too lately areas of conflict. So it Vek,ik 14% has been with India and Pakistan. is that they ignore Both countries have armies eyeball- likely areas of N ing each other on either side of the

conflict. So it is with "IN border at sub-zero temperatures in 4,4 the Siachen glacier. As the glacier is Pakistan and India, ) of no use to anyone ("There is not a whose armies an% blade of grass there," the late Gen. Haq said in 1985), the whole eyeball each other thing is no more than a prestige on either side of the issue. And prestige issues can never border at Siachen be easily resolved. Last iaonth, attempts to talk away glacier 11. the differences led to a fiasco, with a ' '11- diplomatic rebuke for Pakistan fore- ign secretary Hurnayun Khan and any agreement had been reached. egg all over the face of his Indian But surely, Singh had gone along ...m..Adiseno.Aer counterpart, S.K. Singh. with Khan's claim' No, said the After talks between the foreign spokesman, he had simply not con- secretaries and defence secretaries tradicted it. 4:see of the two countries were over, Bizarre enough. But there was we" Khan and Singh decided to address more. The statement issued after the media. Both agreed that the talks the defence secretaries' meeting hitt gone well and Khan added that suggested that there had been a

8 SUNDAY - is .4" ISO

4 3

BEST COPY AVAILABLE OWL:. F. ST' iR

professor, was asked at a public function whether Sri Lanka would continue to boycottallfuture meetings of the SAARC. Ka Ipage replied."Icannot answer your question. Only President Premadasa can do that." Since no decisions involving the asso- ciation can be taken unless all seven member nations agree, it is not clear how the next secretary-general will be selected. A lot, of course, will depend on Abul Hasan's scheduled visit to Colombo in the first week ofJuly and whether he will be able to impress upon the Sri Lankan government the urgency of hold- ing the postponed ministerial meeting soon so that SAARC's functioning is not disrupted. For instance, the budget for

Rally Gandhi with Banazir Bhutto: unlikaly Mond* the SAARC Agricultural InformationPresident Premadasa believes in non. nazir and announced that even on Centre in Bangladesh has to beviolence. And the protest gesture was to Siachen India had accepted the Shim- approved so that the programmes do notexpress our people's anguish and anger. la formula suggested by her. grind to a halt. like Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha. The problem is that India went Was Sri Lanka's protest gesture war- past the 1972 boundaries in 1984 ut the most important aspect of Sriranted? New Delhi's position is as un- (arguing that she had a legal claim) BMa Lanka's recent boycott is the ques-compromising as Sri Lanka's. "SAARC and so Khan's assertion sounded tions it has thrown up about the normshas to take a firm decision on whether it suspiciously like saying that the Indi- governing the behaviour of memberwill allow any one country to act in a ans had agreed to retreat. Obviously countriesofSAARC. "The question ispetulant manner and bring the whole S.K. Singh's political masters could whether there should be a commonorganisation into disrepute." say South not accept that and hence. the re- norm of behaviour in the South AsianBlock officials firmly. India asst rts that it tractions and recriminations. region. Or should there be one conven-"will not be browbeaten", though it will However, neither side has cancel- tion for a big country and another fornot do anything to "break SAARC" led the next defence secretaries' smaller countries. India was invited by 'ew Delhi has also made itclear to meeting. So perhaps the Siachen Sti Lanka. Now the host is asking thePakistan that as the current head of conflict will be de-escalated, even- guest to leave, but the guest is refusing.SAARC, it is that country's responsibil. tually. Only, both countries will be The question is: should India justify itsitytodiffuse the currenttewsion. more discreet this time. actions by setting its own rules that"SAARC is Pakistan's baby right now contradict universally-accepted norms ofSurdy. it does not want the baby to die inter-state relations?" wonders a Newin her own lap," said an Indian official. Delhi-based diplomat of a SAARrAnother pointed outthat-e% en on country. previous occasions.Sri Lanka had The Sri Lankan high commissioner,threatened to boycott SAARC meetings. Dr Kalpage, asserted at a recent meet-but had been eventually persuaded to ing the lndo-Sri Lankan Culturalattend.If Sri Lanka tersists withitt. Council, "There is no attempt to wreckcurrent stand, it would only mean that SAARC. There was no attempt toPakistan does not have enough clout." embarrass India. We were simply not in The current imbroglio has also given a mood to attend the meeting (at Islama-SAARC critics the chance to once again bad)." He also noted, "If we had inten-claim that the organisation is nothing but tionsof raising the issue of IPKFa forum which offered "opportunities to withdrawal at the SAARC meeting, weother countries to gang up against would have obviously attended it. The decision to stay away was a gesture of protest. My foreign minister wrote to Originally.it was Bangladesh's idea -10 ,._ his Pakistani counterpart not to say that to set up an organisation to prom. Sri Lanka wants to disrupt the meeting.ote South Asian regional cooperation The letter merely said that we have aBangladesh had been having problems problem with India; we understand L%atwith India over water-shanng and Farak- SAARC meetings are not meant forM. And it thought that a forum like raising bilateral issues, but because ofSAARC would help its cause as it could present circumstances, because of whatbe used to exert moral pressure on he termed 'India's intransigence, weIndia. was not keen on the would like to make a symbolic protestidea, but eventually agreed. after a great ...We know we are not in a position todeal of persuasion by the late Bang. sort out our problem with India by force. ladeshPresident Ziaur Rehman. is Als SWIM, s 9 44 COVER RTIMY

leaders of its member countries for 'informalconsultations'.The Rajiv- Beast sir tête-A-tète at Daaman-e- Koh in Big Brother getsangry Pakistan signalled the beginning of a new era in bilateral relations. The humiliation of Nepal is almost complete Bangladesh, as the originator of the SAARC idea, is naturally worried about the future of the organisation and was India seems to be the only one to Birendra catuint hold out for long. upset about the cancellation of the have gained from the massacre at After a few weeks of fiag-waving, the ministerial meet at Islamabad. Its fore- Tlananmen Square and the resulting Nepalese have begun blaming their ignminister,Anisu/ Islam hlahmud. chaos in China. With Asia's biggest King for the shortages of essential declared in Dhaka that the postpone- power at war with itself, super India cominodities. Five student groups ment of the conference was likelto has found its position considerably have urged the Nepalese Prime hamper the functioning of SAARC. strengthened. Nowhere is this more ter to settle and the banned Mahmud termed the circumstances that apparent than in its dealings with the Congress is using the discon- led to the cancellation as "most undesu-- Himalayan kingdom of NepaL sallmosmor While both sides offer long and tedious justifications, the dispute la really over Nepal's attempts to free Itself of its dependence an India. The Nepalese had begun courting the Chinese, had tried to reduce imports 11=c from India and had made other asser- tions of independence. Such moves did not go down well with Big Brother. India retaliated by telling land-locked Nepal that it could 4 only have transit rights if it agreed to club these with trade. 'When the Nepalese seemed hesitant, imports *. of fuel and other vital supplies from rndia dried up and all transit points, .accept for two, were boarded up. Nepal called the Indian move a blockade and warned, through grit- ted teeth, that it would suffer tem- porary hardship but when the block- ade was over, would end up in the Chinese sphere of influence. India laughed away the threat and now, South Block is in hysteric& With China in upheaval, tbe Nepalese find that their problems are of no Rapv Gandhi (right) with King Rhoades: able" and said that efforts should be cv%equence to Beijing and have re- waiting tar him to porno around made to convene the meeting at the td, cap in hand, to New Delhi. tent to launch a movement against earliest. ne mandarins at South Block Birendra. Will SAARC survive the latest set- have been cool. They took a month At present, the betting is that back? A diplomat of a SAARC countr) and a half to reply toa letter from the New Delhi will wait till Nepal is de- noted,"South Asian regional cooperation Nepalese foreign ministry requesting sperate and then force its terms on without India has no meaning. And South talks, and ignored four reminders Kathmandu. In the process, it will Asian regional cooperation with India in a from Katlunandu. New Delhi has probably alienate the Nepalese but position to exert pressure on smaller been advised by Arvind Deo, its can- then, isn't that what being a regional countries has no meaning." President ny ambassador to Nepal, that King super power is an about. jayewardene in an emotional speech at Islamabad during the last SAARC sum- mit called India the "key to SAARC". .SAARC was born in Decvmber 1985 atAsian food security reserve. But the At an international SAARC workshop Dhaka. There is some substance in themost important issues, which are inevit- in Dhaka on 24 March, 1988, there was charge that SAARC has not progressedably bilateral in nature (and thus out of unanimous expression of concern about beyond fringe issues and token ges-bounds according to the SAARC char- India's "pre-eminence" in the region. tures, such as dedaring 1989 as 'MARCter), have not been thrashed out. At Most of India's neighbours are suspi- year against drug abuse' and 1990 asSAARC meets, leaders have religiously cious of its motives and, at the same 'MARC year of the girl child'. proclaimed that the forumismeant to time, consaous of its power and influ- Of course, there has been greateremphasise what binds the seven coun- ence. Unless India inspires confidence in cultural interaction between the membertries rather than what divides them. its smaller neighbours. regional coopera- countries and several agreements have SAARC's real contribution. however, tion in South Asia will be only a concept. been signed such as the convention onas a diplomat of a member countr not a reality. suppression of terrorism and the Southpointed out, is the opportunity it offersPatralekha chatter*, 'Now Doihi 10 &MOM V - 15 .1.04 464

4 5 COVER STORY

10 Relations between India and Sri Lanka plumma to an all-time low as President Premadasa copes with internal strife

It was as if there was no cause for R.Pronedess end despair. During all of last week Ilepv Gandhi (Mote) save a short helicopter hop to 111 out over the attend Cabinet in Colombo %withdrawal of Indian 11000s, es the Pa President Ranasinghe Premadasa steps up Its offensive was cosily ensconced in the hill town of against the LTTI Mahiyangana, which lies east of the capital. There, as Sri Lankan television captured in vivid detail, a smiling Presi- dent parcelled out goodes to grateful and fawning villagers, listened intently to their problems and affectionately tweaked little chile ., ears. Premada$,1 wat. .8early enjoying him- self. For Gam Udawathe 11-year-old

village rehabilitation scheme thai inns at 1 developing a different region of the island every yearis his Very own baby. Premadasa has overseen the scheme with religious devotion and this year's Gam Udawa was all the more s being his first as President. Prernadasa, it seemed, was in no mood to trade in his 'pastoral pilgrimage' for politics. Yet, it was politics that occupied the minds of his people. For during the 11-day Garn Udawa festivities, Sri Lanka slipped into what could become the most 114 serious crisis it has ever faced. On the .111. . . diplomatic front, India's response to the APg7.I President's demand thatthe Indian -"ipe,; Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) go home fp "dZtab. by the end of July was unfriendly. The 4ii' .41 Indians made it clear that there was no e4,44' way the IPKF would leave by that deadline and that Sri Lankan 'black- mairsuch as its decision to stay away from the SAARC foreign ministers' meeting at Islarnabadwouldn't work. 411elgi Worse.at least from Premadasa's point 3AI I tit of viewwas the Indian reaction to his v demand that the 1PKF call off its opera- tions against the Liberation Tigers of 0..

Tamil Eelarn (LITE). The answer once Mb. again was 'no way'. Moreover, there was rvi let-upin the 's recenty intensified offensive against the Tamil militant organisation. Last week's official Tiger count read: 52 dead (poss- ibly a recJrd of sorts). The fear is that the negotiations currently under way

Siatriaa a is *.v IMO

46 WHO'S WHO AMONG THE TAMIL MILITANT GROUPS ,

The origins of Sri Lankan Tamil and the most committed (the cyanide militancy have not been adequately capsules that they wear around their understood and remain somewhat necks in the event of capture testify EPALPs obscure. In the early Seventies, the to this). Vareciaraja Its leader, Velupillai Prabhakar- Perumal. heads Tamil Manavi Peravi, better known the North-Eastern as the Tamil Youth Front (TYF), was an's refusal to accept the Indo-Sri Provincial funned under the patronage of the Lanka accord meant having to face Council and is Tamil United Front (TUF), which the might of the Indian army. Two 11011/01,111 about years of warring with the IPK.F may being dismissed later went on to become the Tamil by Colombo United Liberation Front (TULF). have weakened the Tigers militarily, Male itwould be inaccurate to but their popularity inthe north describe the TYF as a militant outfit, remains undiminished. Recently, the in order to appease tne Tigers The it atgacted many youths who were LITE tried to keep the IPKF off its group, which accepted the terms of not averse to using Wolence for back by negotiating directly with the accord, is now preparing to re- political ends. Colomboostensibly to find a way of turn to arms in the face of such a By the mid-Seventies, some TYF being accommodated within the prospect. leaders had established their own democratic process. But from all militant groups. For some time, appearances, the turnaround is only PLOT: The Peoples Liberation there existed only three or four tacticalaimed atpressuring the Organisation of Tamil Eelarn is a organisations, but with the advent of government to withdraw the IPKF. breakaway group of the LTTF. that theEighties,the Tamil guerrilla was formed by Uma Maheswaran in movement splintered into a large EPRLF: The Eelam Peoples Re- 1980. Maheswaran and Prabhakar . number of groups. Many of these v ol u t ions r y Liberation Front anonce good buddiesfell out failed to gather an adequate following attracted widespread notice only a over the former's affair with a pretty and internecine rivalry took care of few years ago, after the abduction of young thing called Unnilla. Prabha . some of the rest. Today, there are an American couple it suspected of karan opposed it by arguing that ''ttu . only a few which matter. being CIA agents. Low caste Tantils sort of intimacy is against our code of form its main constituency and the conduct". Later, the two were en . group enjoys grassroots support in gaged in a shoot-out in Madras. the island's east. The Marxist outfit PLOT was once believed to be the has' always boasted of a strong largest group after the LTIT. and ideological framework.Organised operated both in the Jaffna peninsula LTTE's ValuplItal Prabhakaran: demonstrations in support of the and the island's east. Its importance refusad to accept Palestinian struggle, the Sandinistas also derived from Maheswaran's the mord and and so on have been very much a close links with the M.G. Ramachan- entered Into a part of its activities. dran government in Tamil Nadu. bloody battle with the IPKP The EPRLF, which survived the Today, however, the outfit has been LTTE's wrath inmid-'86 (when marginalisedboth due to poor some 70 members were killed and organisation and Prabhakaran's per- LTTE: The Liberation Tigers of 500 forced to surrenier), now runs sonal animus. Tamil Eelam emerged the most the Provincial Council in the North- powerful group in the early Eighties. Eastern Province. The Varadaraja ENDO': The Eelam National It is also perhaps the most brutal (the Perumai led government, which is Democratic Liberation Front was Tigers have savaged rival militant propped up by the IPKF, is nervous formed three years ago by some organisations), the best disciplined that it may be dismissed by Colombo breakaway members of PLOT. Sn

between the Sri Lankan government and give the army and the police unques- tifird week and became a severe embar . the LTTE may be jeopardised if thetioned authority to make arrests and rassment to the government. The stnke WIT cannot be prevailed upon to hold detentions. has seriously disrupted normal life m off. The operation fullowed a 'curfew' such far-fiung cities as Colombo where Things were no better on the home announced by the JVP five days earlierno rapid transport system exists. front. The government was forced to (on 26 June), which virtually paralysed Attendance at private commercial estab- declare a state of emergency to meet the island. The underground organisa-lishments and government offices has the growing violence engineered by the tion threatened to kill anyone who ven-been dismalin some places as low as Sinhala -extremist Janata Vimukthi Pent- tured out of home, and Colombolike15 per cent. The transport ministry. muna (JVP). Colombo's awareness of most other cities in the southwore awhich initially threatened to sack the how serious the threat had become was deserted look. All commercial establish-strikers, later climbed down and con. revealed last Saturday when over 3,000ments were dosed and the only news- firmed nikotiations. But no easy solution 'rebels' (read: JVP members and sym- paper to appear the following day was!ippears to be in sight with the govern- pathisers) in the capital and the Southern the government-ownedDaily News. ment maintaining that it cannot meet the Province were rounded up for interroga- Meanwhile, the JVP-supported publicdemands and the workers staying tion under the new provisions, whichtransport workers' strike entered itsaway --obviously preferring to risk their

SuPIDAY it A" teff

4 7 CI) COVER ST, 11:1'

jobs than their lives to the JVP. The transport strike has brought Cot ombo port to a near standstill --a =UK of grave concern for an island nation Lankan intelhgence believes that the TELO: The Tamil Eelam Liberation which imports everything from Rolls group was sponsored and aided by Organisation is. by some accounts, Royces to rice. Attendance at the port India's Research and Analysis Wing the oldest militant group. It was once hasfallen.according to government (RAWL which helped it to operate in strong militarily and patronised by estimates, to under 50 per cent. But the the north and the east to counter the the DMK's M. Karunanidhi. Howev- real problemIs the unavailabilityof intransigent LTTE. er, serious infighfing within the lead- drivers for government-owned lornes in Led by P. Rajan, the ENDLF is ership undermined the TELO's the face of the JVP threat. Many of the the junior partner in the EPRLF-led strength and led to defections and ships waiting to be docked and deared coalition government in the North- breakaways. as many as 17 on 28 Junecarry food. EaF arn Province. Like the EPRLF, The group's attempt to stage a 15.000 tonnes of rice, sugar and flour the ENDLF iscnicialtoIndia's recovery was thwarted when the according to one estimate. The govern strategy of making th,- Tamil Provin- LTTE,inmid.'86.launcheda ment's move to get the navy to work the cia) Council viable and strong. murderous campaign againstit. port has eased the crisis somewhat and More than 150 members were killed it claims that there is no cause for worry anditsleader,Sabaratnam('Tall as the buffer stocks of rice and flour are Sri), was shot dead inJaffna, Today, sufficient tolast three months. Yet. the outfit is led by Selvarn who is there are fears thatifthepresent EROS' based ir the island's notih situation continues for much longer, the lialakumar: country could be faced with a food crisis. instrumental an OTHERS: It is difficult to say how preparing the manyany! militant groups exist to- he problems that Sri Lanka is facing ground for day, but Sti Lankan intelligence iden- Ton both frontsat home and with LTTE-Colombo Indiaare. of course, linked. Preniada talks tified as many as 35 in 1985. Many of these were formed after the Sinhala sa had the domestic situation very much chauvinist-inspired race riots in July in mind when he called for the withdraw. 1983. The activities of some of them al of the IPKF by July-end. By April this EROS: The Eelam Revolutionary the JVP had begun posing a Organisation of Students was estab- lave been limited to pamphlet- year, bshed. oddly enough, by an elderly distribution and poster campaigns. serious threat to the government. Dur Marxist in London in 1975. For long. Among the groups which operated ing March alone, a staggenng 3.00o people were killed in JVP.related vio EROS was viewed as the intellectual a few years ago were those with faceof Tamil militancy and some- fancy names, such as the Eagles lence. Later, the proscribed orgarusa tion's underground leader. Rohana WI- times dismissed as a small coterie of Movement (EM), the Tamil Eelam Britain-based beer-swilling ideo- Blaod Movement (TEBM). the jeweera, demanded that all Indian goods be boycotted and said that the cost of logues who know more about books Tanil Eelam Liberation Cobras disobeying the order would be 'punish. than bombs or bazookas. MAC). the Guerrillas Aspiring for This perception has changed Tamil Eelam (GATE)little was ment'. The 'order' is remembered etm Colombo's bustling somewhat of late. Although EROS is known about them then and even today.InPetta, by no means a powerful outfit. its less is known about them today. market area, shopkeepers have taken all Indian goods off the shelves.Indian importance today derives from the A TELO fact that it is the only militant orga- saris, for instanceonce a very popula: militant: buyare virtually unavailable. Only af- nisation which the LTTE iswell serious disposed to. Its leader, Balakumar, isbob InfighUng ter a customer convinc:ngly establishes believed to have been instrumental in has his credentials is a shopkeeper willing to preparing the round for the LTTE- undermined produce a few samples that he ha- I the group's hidden behind the coilmer. Then there Colombo talks. I strength was the statement asking all Indians to kave the islanda callthatledall officials of the Indian high commission to take refuge in the Taj Samudra and thy Galadhari Meridien. two of the many new five-star hotels on the capital's Negotiations Galle Face Esplanade. There were ako currently under the 'curfews(the JVP expression tor bandhs) which left many parts of thy way between the south paralysed. LTTE and To Premadasa, it was clear that the Colombo may be JVP's appeal lay largely in its adoption of a stridently anti-Indiaposture. It was jeopardised if the not an unreasonable assumption as the IPKF cannot be organisation was in something of a limbo a couple of years ago. The July 1987 prevailed upon to Indo.Sri Lankan accord and the subse let up its offensive quent induction of the IPKF Wt'tthe catalysts for the JVP to reassert itself.

1 3 IPIPIDAY 9 Is 19911 May 1987 enemies and 1Phr rr .F an unwinnae h a Lanka launches military 1982 crackdown on LITE and 15 January, 1988 India starts tramint, Tamil Other Tamil militant groups LITE chief appe? guerrillas 4 June, 1987 Rajiv Ganoni to ca c" miltar ottens ve 1983 onwards India airdrops supplies to

Tamils create havoc in Tarr-!s Sn Lanka protests ON% north Sri Linka 29 July, 1987 A nne lekl down by LTTE Rajiv Gandhi and Junius Jayewardene sign India-Sri Lanka accord Militants agree to surrender arms. 5 August, 1987 IPKF receives supplies flown In by the IAF .4 urn makes token Surrender of arms. 13 September, 1987 10 October, 1987 VelupIllou Prsbhsksran 9 August, 1987 Warring among Tamil IPKF says LTTE has not militant groups disarmed, launches action urn alleges ceasefire 13 March, 1988 violations by Sri Lankan 6 October, 1987 October 1987onwards India reievs LTTF s forces LTTE resumes attacks urn and India now appeal tot a cease, re

By asking the IPKF to go home, Pre- while explaining his country's reasons for the other SAARC members who.in madasa was attempting. among other not attending, "(SAARC's objectives) opposition to India, have been dem.1:1 things. to 'hijack' the JVP campaign and cannot be achieved unless the memberding that such matters be discussed pull the political carpet from beneath its states agree not to interfere in theAni ifitdoes stay away from the feet. affairs of other members or take undue summit, it would be a major setback fo ! From all appearances, the strategy advantage of their size and prominence." one of India's principal foreign polKy hasn't workednot so far at any rate. Hinting that Sri Lanka may also pull outinitiatives. Unconfirmed reports have it For the JVP, it appears, has simply of the SAARC summit to be held laterthat the Sri Lankan government is also changed tack. The 'India go home' call is this year, Wijentne added: "We areconsidering raising the issueof the not heard as often as before. As the aware of the rule in the SAARC charter1PKF's presence at the United Natii.r.s posters which recently appeared on that bilateral issues cannot be raisedand the International Court of Justit L. walls in and around Colombo testify,it during the deliberations: so even if we has given precedence to other de- do attend the meeting. we would not be !most every political party in Sri mandssuch as the dissolution of Par- able V: present Sr; Lanka's predica-ALanka is in agreement with Pre- liament and the holding of fresh pres- ment." madasa over one thingthat the 1PM: idential elections. In doing so, the JVP By raising the 'bilateral issues' ques- should go. Their eifferences wit!, him has identified its target (Premadasa) and tion, Sri Lanka was identifying itself witharise over the mariner in whict. h has demonstrated its abIty to make a deter- Deserted streets of Colombo: JVP 'curfew' paralyses the Island mined bid for power through its tactics of 'curfews' and terror. The lack of a positive response, either from the .)VP or the people, does not seem to have deterred Premadasa. Over the last week, he set asideJevekipmental work in Mahiyanga- na now and then to make hard-hitting speeches that reiterated his resolve to IP. - see the Indian army out of the island.

Government spokesmen in Colombo I 7 ft17___Iiiir also made out that Sri Lanka was in no .1111.1111 mood to withdraw the demand. The Ins 1 f. IleywAsio..--"Slgr.. strategy appeared to be directed at it embarrassing the Indians into leaving. Already, much has been made in the local press about an Amnesty Interna- tional leport which details the IPKF's , A 4 A" viobtion of human rights in the north and ., er 4' 4 east. 0, The government's decision to stay 4 away from the SAARC meet demons- MI 4114-.1, trated that it was willing to go interna- 1 tional with the issue. Argued Sri Lanka's "Or foreignminister,Ranjan Wijeratne,

14 /AMA/ I AA OP.

1', 49 COVER Slott)*

19 November 1988 troops to appease demands the withdrawal of 25 May, 1988 Premadasa. the IPKF IPKF launches offensive Election to the in the north-east North-Eastern Provincial May 1989 2 July, 1989 Council is held. irrE doles deal Oil IPKF ignores 7 June, 1988 EPRLF-ENDLF coalition Premadasa. Premadasa'sultimatum and First phaseoiwithdrawal forms government with 1 June, 1989 launches a majoroffensive Varadaraia Perumai as chief of IPKF. President Premadasa against the LITE

Premeds*, minister. LT1E does not participate First week ol January 1989 IPKF makes a sham withdrawal of three infantry battalions. 26 Apr11, 1989 IPKF withdraws some

tried to force its departure and thepresence snould have been sorted out Rajiv Gandhi, there was alsc the matter timing of his announoement. Saysbilaterally." Some like the moderate of being politically embarrassed in what Dinesh Gunawardene, MP and leader ofTamil United Liberation Front's A. is, after all, an election year. Under- the left-wing Mahajana Eksath Peramu- Amrithalingam warn that an IPKF pull-out standably, no Prime Minister would like na,which has opposed the IPKF'sat this juncture could prove disastrous. to face the electorate as someone who induction right from the very beginning, "The removal of the Indian army now was kicked around by a tiny neighbour "Wearefor the withdrawal, but it is awill result in a bloodbath between the and a signatory to an accord that was matter that should be dealt with diploma-various Tamil groups. So, it should be forced to die 3 miserable death. His tically." Ossie Abeygoonasekara, leaderasked to stay on until an alternative attitude to the diplomatic crisis has been of the Sri Lanka Mahajana Party, whomachinery to enforce peace is evolved." questionable but consistent: India will lost in the presidential race last year,he says. leave only when it thinks that the accord echoes a similar view, "Our party is The Indian reaction to Premadasa's has been satisfactorily implemented. against the presence of any foreigncall was dictated, partly at least, by a The result has been a diplomatic war troops, be they American, Russian orsense of pique. To be summarily told to of words over what the provisions of the Indian. But the Indian army came at thego was bad enough, but coming as it did accord really mean. The Indian argu- invitation of the Sri Lankan governmentwhen the Indian army was already ment for staying on hinges on one clause and so the question of its continuedpreparing to pull out Ws intolerable. For of the agreement, which says that "the Government of India will underwrite and LTTE members led by A. ealesInghem (centre) arrive In Colombo tor teNts:tactical manoeuvre guarantee the resolutions" of the accord. New Delhi has interpreted this N-AP- to mean that India is obliged to see that all the provisions of the accord are implementedparticularly the one which relates to more power being devolved on the Tamil-majority areas. The suggestion is that the IPKF's pre- sence is necessary to fulfil India's obliga- tion of seeing the accord through. . - The argwnent is specious, to say the least. For one, it doesn't explain why India had plannedas early as January this yearto withdraw the IPKF by the end of December. Did it have any firm . guarantee that the Sri Lankan govern- %. . ment would, by that time, implement those resolutions that it had promised to do under the accord, such as the one :177;i4:: ..1., 77' . that relates to the devolution of power? . And then, hew could it be confidentof fulfilling its own obligations by the endof et/to d' It ,A ..li 23.rAP'' . ''' .%4, 7:41 . December, such as enforcing the is ..., VI, , X k "cessationof hostilities"either between . Ie 4.I. lir Colombo and the LTTE or between the I -.rig. *** J: d: _:r 15 SSW - 111 4/0/ 1,010

50 various militant groups? Secondlyand Premadasa conducted his electi-it perhaps more importantlythere is no- campaign on a manifesto that pronu-.-d thing inthe accord which links the the withdrawal of the IPKF and presence of the IPKF to issues such as If India and Sri Lanka first speech as President, invited both the devolution of power. The accord do not work out a the LTTE and the JVP for unconditwria" clearly states that the Indian army "may talks with his government. It was beinvited by the President of Sri face-saving solution perhaps the first oven indication tha: he Lanka...if so required". Doesn't it then before the end of July, was prepared to deal with the domestic stand to reason that the President may relations between the situation without lr mediation. Says withdraw the invitation whenever he Cabinet minister S.ihondamar.. wishesthat is, when the IPKF is no two countries may warns against a premature IPKF with. longer required? It would need an inge- cease to be at an drawal, "The Presidentrightlyor nious legal brain to establish otherwise. all-time low; they may wronglymade the pull-out ar issue in his election manifesto. He is the kind of I tis another matter, of course. very well cease to man who has to see it through." whether Premadasa could have exist The Indians were alive to the pros- achieved his objective with a little more pect that the accord would be en- tact. Why did he demand the IPKF's dangered in the event of Premadasa's withdrawal when it was planning to leave victory. According to one theory, Neu anyway? To outflank theJVP may be the disapproval known by staying away fromDelhi knew that it would have to with- main reason, but not the whole answer. the signing ceremony. His disaffectiondraw the moment he was elected. (Pre- Premadasa had opposed the induction ofdidn't stem only from his being a 'tradi-madasa's main presidential rival. Sirirra the IPKF from the outset. As Primetional India-hater'; it had to do, in largevo Bandaranaike, was also opposed to Minister, he could hardly afford to pub-measure, with the perfectly reasonablethe accord and the IPKF's presence. but licly criticise President Jayewardene forbelief that Sri Lanka ought to sort out itsfor reasons best known to South Block. entering into the accord, but he made hisinternal problems on its own. it believed that it could make her come

tion of the people somehow or the "The IPKF is required" other from the internal pressures. One could also argue that the President's demand that the L. L. Mehrotra, high commissioner to Sri Lanka, presents IPKF leave has to do with Mt the Indian position L77'E turnaround. Itis entirely possible. The LTTE Lakhan Lal Mehrotra, who was How? has also been asking for the 11)KF1 appointed high commissioner to Sri The President (Premadasa) wants withdrawal. You could say that there Lanka on 24 April, shares nothing of to meet the internal situationthat is a certain community of interest. his predecessor J.11'. Dixit's style. is, the challenge of the JVP. The JVP ls India justified in kreping Daft seemed to thrive on con- has always had an anti-India plank. the IPKF on? After all, there is troversy. loved beinginthe public The President wants to suggest that nothing in the accord which sug- eye and always had time for the he is the one trying to send the IPKF gests that the IPKF's presence is press. Mehrotra, on the other hand, back. He wants to divert the atten- necessary to fulfil India's obliga: is a low-profile bureaucrat who has Hon of "underwriting and been somewhat press-shy. Some guaranteeing" its proposals. suggest that this may be because he No. The IPKF is here to enfor:e is not yet completely conversant and guarantee the cessation of host.. toth Sri Lankan affairs. But Mehrot- ra was relaxed, confident and articu- But only "if so required". late when he fielded SVNDAY'S ques- But it is required. That is why it tions.Excerpts from an interview: was invited. The clause you art- re StAnAE:Is it fair to say Mat ferring to relates to the rationale Ind*Sri Lankan relationsare the IPKF coming to Sri Lanka 1: now at an all-time low?. true that it came at the request tht L.L. Mehrotra: Itis difficult to Sri Lankan government. Buttht comment on this. Because even in accord does not lay down the proce. the aftermath of the India .Sri Lanka "Who wants to stay dures for the withdrawal of the accord, a rather alarming situation on? The IPKF is IPKF. Therefore, it follows, that it, had developed here. But I would say here to do a job. Let withdrawal is a matter which botl. that there has been a fresh wave of governments have to discuss and tension during the last two weeks. that entire process come ma conclusion about. Added to this, Sri Lanka has been be implemented and But the important fact is that the facing a very difficult situation inter- then the 1PKF goes. Lidian government had been disco- nally. In my view, the two are inter- sir,g the IPKF's withdrawal with th, connected. And If anybody had Sri Lankan government. 141,4-eo%et. an earnest desire to

L_ withdraw the IPKF - __ - - 16 It was us" SUNDA, 9 lb .002 COVER STOR around.) It is not an implausible view. For the date on which the first batch of IPKF soldiers was withdrawn coincided dispute with Premadasa's swearing-in as Presi- The Sri Lankans say yes, but the dent in January this year. In India, this isover when andhow was widely interpreted as a token ges- ture to appease a President who was against the force's presence. But it is more than possible that it was asignal to indicate that India was prepared to leave. Whatever the truth, India had other reasons for wanting to withdraw.The operation in Sri Lanka was expensive (Rs 3 crores a day, according to one estimate) and, moreover, seemed in- Ossle Abirigoonasakark creasingly futile (the LTTE may have Sn UnicaMemo*Pe, been losing men but they were winning popular support and sympathy). By early March, the Indians had already finalised "IT "OUR "THE a withdrawal plan with theSri Lankan should be desire is to question of government and Rajiv Gandhi began tell- asked to stay on see that the last Its continued ing the press that it was time to think until an alternative Indian soldier presence should seriously about getting the boys back to enforce peiwe leaves Srl Lanka have been sorted home. Yet, oddly enough, the decision out bilaterally." to pull out did not lead tea scaling down Is found." by 29 July."

of IPKF operations. On the contrary, LTTE in May, Premadasa was con- the tw o governments had already ar- vinced that the slogan would work its rived at certain conclusions about it. there was no let-up in the intensified offensive against the LTTE, which be-,three-way magic. A couple of days And then, the foreign minister, Mr before the second'round was slated to Ranjan Wijeratne, even told Parlia- gan this January. be held, he went public with it in his new time There was a good reason for maintain- ment on 31 March that a famous I June speech. frame for a withdrawal had been dis- ing the heat. India did not want to give the impression that its army was re- cussed and accepted. So, what was There are two questions that Pre- the (Sri Lankan government's) treating from Sri Lanka. From its point of view, it was far more 'honourable' to madasa will have to address himself problem? knock the LTTE around a bit before to sooner or later. What his slogan has How do you react to President achieved. And whether it was wise to calling it a day. It might then have been Premadasa's statement that 90 circumstances.The able to argue, somewhat disingenuously, adoptitinthe per cent of Sri Lankans wantthe answer to the first is precious little. The IPKFto go as this percentage of that there was no need to stay on any longer as its obligations under the accord JVP has not been anpeasedon the the electorate for pro-pull- contrary, its campaign tor the dissolution out candidates in the presiden- had been fulfilled. It was the intensified Indian offensive of the government has only intensified; tial election? The implicit sug- which gam Premadasa what he saw as a the majority of the Sinhalas now believe gestion perhaps being that the that Premadasa's first responsibility is to IPKF is a force of occupation golden political opportunity. The LrrE was badly hit andneeded to get the check JVP violence and that therefore because it is in Sri Lanka the IPKF's presence is necessary to against the wishes of the large IPKF off its back. By early April, the ground was being prepared fordirect 'secure the northern front' while the Sri mgjority of the people. negotiations with Colombo. The Tigers Lankan army deals with the south; and, But who wants to stay on? The had come around to the view that this finally, the LTTE-Colombo talks have IPKF is hem to do a job. Let thzt keep the 1PKF at made no substantive progress, despite entire process be implemented and was the only way to arm's length. being two months old. then the IPKF goes. And if anybody had As for whether it was politic,the had an earnest desim to withdraw With this, Premadan believed he just what he wanteda wonderfulpoli- answer also appears to be mthe nega- the 1PKF, it was us. We had already tive. For a start, the Tiger turnaround provided for this well before the Sri tical slogan to rally the country together. 'IPKF ,p home' suddenly had a magical was almost certainly a tactical man- Lankan President began talking of oeuvredirected at securing the short- withdrawal. We knew he had made quality about it. It could, he reckoned, prove immensely popularwith the teim objective of keeping the IPKF off such a commitment to the electo- majority Sinhalas, who have always re- Its back. The LITE has not yet formally rate. And we ourselves came out sented the presence of the Indian army; renounced separatism and it strains the soon after the presidential election defuse the JVP campaign by stealingits imagination to believe that it has sudden- with a plan for withdrawal. And they most important politicaldemand; and ly undergone a genuine change of heart. were privy to this. persuade the Tigers to function within Moreover, 'itishighly unitkelythat Intervlinved by blukund the democratic framework. Premadasa can afford. in the present Padmanebhan,Colombo After the conclusion of the first round circumstances, to accede to even their of talks between his government andthe non-separatist demands. such as the 17 MCA, is Ass ian

5 2

: COVER STORY

permanent merger ofthe North a! THE ACCORD ANDITS Eastern Provinces. (How would the JVI am take tothis?) IMPLEMENTATION mff By proceeding on the assumption that he can persuade the Tigers to join the Rajiv Gandhi has claimedthat.ndia will puR outthe 1PKF only if a provisions of politicalmainstream, Premadd-4-ha the India-Sri Lanka accord are Milled. What clausesof the agreement remain to taken a huge gamble.Theleast he will be implemented? D.B. Wiietunge. Sri Lankan PrimeMinister, recently placed a have to do in order to convince them is statement in Parliament listMg the obligations ofthe two coimtries under the allow them to run the North.Eastern accord and whether they had been put into effector not. Exceipts from it; Province. This would mean chssolvtng the Varadaraia Perumal-led EPRLF- OBLIGATIONS OF STATUS REMARKS ENDLF government, which.in turn. SRI LANKA would spell other problems. TheEPRLF has already indicated that it will declare 'independence' from Sri Lanka in case of Permit the Northern and EasternImplemented. such an eventuality. Moreover, it would Provinct% to form one administra- tive unit from the date of election only harden India's resolve to stay on to Provincial Council to date of The EPRLF is crucial to India since it is referendum. the only pro-accord Tamil militant group with a mass base. Hold referendum in the EasternNot Referendum originallyfixed As things stand today, Premada-ci's Province on or before December implemented. for 31 Deoember. 1988. has first priority is to find a way of meeting 1988 to decide whether merger been postponed twice and is the JVP threat. Last Saturday's massive should continue or not. now scheduled to be held in crackdown on the 'rebels' was an indica- early 1990 tion that he has realised this.If the Create conditions to enable allNot fully An appreciable number have JVP-supported strikes persist. then the persons displaced due to ethnic implemented, still not returned island is in danger of slipping into chaos violence to return to areas from Already, there are some who talk of the where they were displaced. possibility of military rule, though. at this stage,itis a view that appears Cessation of hostilities to come Not Sri Lanka immediately stop- unduly alarmist. What is true, however, into effect within 48 hours. mill-implemented ped all military operations in tint groups to surrender all arms north and eastMilitant is that the opinions of the army and within 72 hours of cessation of groups ceased hostilities, but police are already beginning to be taken hostilities, this was only temporary. The into account. The declarationof ITU was engaged in open emorgency, for instance, was made at hostilities against the IPKF by their behest. September 1987. Premadasa's next priority is to find a Useforlaw enforcement and Being Under the 13th Amendment way out of the impasse with India. The 1 maintenance of security the same implemented and Provincial Councils Act. July Callfar from makinghima hero organisations and mechanisms of the same mechanisms will be with the Sinhalashas rebounded on government as in the rest of the used in all parts of Sri Lanka. him and become a political embarrass- country. ment. India has turned down hisevery demand and responded to his call tostop Make special efforts to rehabilitateNot Will be done at the appropriate fighting the LTTE by stepping up the mihtant youths. Implemented. time. offensive last week. It also flew in more army personnel-5,000 accorchng to one estimateinto Trincomallee last ThUN. day. The herowho would nd his countr . OBLIGATIONS STATUS REMARKS of the foreign presence now appears to OF INDIA run the risk of being perceived as the man who tempted it into staying on. Takeallsteps SriLanka expects India to toensurethat tofinda face.saring Indian territory is not used for have fulfilled this undertaking The key is activities preiudicial to the unity. solution for both sides. It is believed that Integrity and security ot Sri Lanka consultations between Indiaand Sn Lanka are already on to find a wa to Givemilitary assistance toSriBeing On request.India sent tne achieve this. One possibility is for Inch,. Lanka. when requested. to imple-implemented IPKF SriLanka has now to pullout,say,two months after ment the agreement. asked that the IPKF be with- Premadasa's July-end deadline.lndi:s drawn by 29 July. 1989 could then argue that it left only when it thought fit to do so and Premadasa could Cooperate with Sri Lanka to en Not fuliy India has assumed this obliq - make out that he got the IPKFto leave. surethephysicalsafety and implemented tion almost in its entirety Du- even it a littlelater than he would hav e security of all communities In- causeSri Lankan liteurity liked. habiting the north and the east forces were excluded from If such a stratagem is not worked out oprations in the north and the before the end of July. Ind ia-Sn Lanka eastThe IPKF took only a token Sri Lankan police pre- relations may cease to be atan all-time sence toassist them low: they may very wellceaseto eiu-t Mukund Padmanabhan-Coiombo

18 IkPPIDAY 9 '5 53 Brown imperialismdoesn'tpay 113 Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar

N recent centuries, imperialismimitation of the Englishman's sup- The answer, my friend,isnotdominated nations became another has been mostly w hite and profit.posed rectitude a century ago and asblowing in the wind of Madras cost And losing economic opportu.l able. But itis increasingly becomebogus The main point is that India in The third foundation of imperial-nitiesbecause neighbours disliked brown and unprofitableThe out-the 1980s has the men. has the arms.ism is the notion of a power vacuum you imposed a still higher cost In thc standing examples of this are Viet-has the mones too: Not withoutWe think we must fill as much spaceheyday of white imperialism the be- nam's misadsenture in Kampucheareason does it claim to he the domi-as possible in Nepal and .Bhutannehts vastly exceeded the costs- and 4nd Libya's excursion into Chadnant power in South Asia. It wantsAccording to an official in the Primecolonial Intervention was an extreme- Outright colonial invasion is highlythis dominance to be recognised inMinister's Office, we had to go intoly worthwhile insestment. Alas, this unprofitable. hence rare India prac-ways thatcan onlyoutragetheSri Lanka because otherwise thcis nottrueof the muted brown tises a fairls muted form of browndominated. India believes. for inst-Americans andPakistaniswouldimperialism India is following. Vie imperialism, and so suffers a fairlyance. that it should be consulted byhave sei up camp there. The gentle-have no foreign treasuries to loot, nu muted degree of unprofitabilits Butthe United States on the petmissibleman must have known thatthemonopoly commercial privileges to both imperial pressure and' its costssort of arms that Pakistan can beAmerican public is unwilling to ven-exploit On the contrary. our neigh- have been rising lastWe will begiven. Back in WW1 we toldtheture even iRto Nicaragua. leave alonebours deliheratels curb economic ties better off shedding our tatts ermineAmericans that we could not stomachSri Lanka. But he preferred to pre-with Big Brother Nepal is reluctant and learning from the Japanese andthe idea of the F- la plane for Pakis-tend otherwise. Take away the con-to start hydel projects which will Germans that abandoning dreams oftan but could live with the F-3. Tocept of a power vacuum and you takeexportelectricitytoIndia. Bang. regional political glory can do a lotour indignation the perfidious Yanksaway major justification for brownladesh will not let India build a gas for sour economy nevertheless supplied theF-l.h.Itimperialism. pipeline from Tripura to West Ben. Imperialism,whiteorbrown.never occurred to us that perhaps The concept is buttressed by thegal. Sn Lanka has banned various usually rests on four foundations (I)Pakistan should be consulted bs thekith and kin argument. the notionimports from India. and we dare not Militars and economic clout (2) TheSoviet Union on whtit arms it couldthat a self-respecting country mustrely on Pakistan's Sui gas for meeting willingness to list" your citizens assell India. Such consilltation is aftercome to the rescue of its kith and kinthe energy needs ol and cannon-fodder, and to denounce dis-all the preri-gatise of dominant pow-abroad. This was the excuse for theKutch although this is the most eco- senters as unpatnotic traitors.(1)ers, not lesser breeds British to start the BOCr War It wasnomic sourceOut direct costs ol The nOtion that nature abhors a the excuse for periodic Russian in-armament and intervention -hase in- political sacuum. and that you must Expendable lives ter.ention in the Balkans It was thecreased greatly occupy all the imperial space you can excuseforright-wingFrenchmen for othenvi.a rival will(4) ihe The second foundation of imperial-wanting to hang on to Algeria and notion that the imperialist is doingism hes in the reads supply of humanright-wing Englishmen to Rhodesia Military glory the dominated nation a favour Thecannon-fodder. The United StatesIndia's kith and kin are scattered white man's burden was suprosed toand Britain no longer have the sto-around many neighbouring coun- Why then do w5 persevere with bring peace and prosperity to lesser tries. This has consequences such an unprofitahle venture' The .mach to take large casualties Prem- breeds without the law just as Indiadent Reagan withdrew hastily from answer is that imperialism has alwass todas is trying to bring peace andLebanon after the death of just 2(a) The tourth foundation ot imperial-been popular through human history prospents in Sri Lanka marines And he simpls could notism is the white-man's-burden theme.and has fallen into disgrace onls in The fact that India likes to donpersuade the US Congress to inter-Coloraal Indian textbooks containedthe last few decades, and onls in imperial ermine does not mean thatsene in tins Nicaragua. After Viet-a list called -Blessings of the Britishsome countries Many countries still its neighbours are morally superiornam Americans be easily pea-Raj- which grateful students werefeel that no sacrifice is too great in Nepal and Bangladesh are autocra-suaded to off *lses as can-supposedto memorise andhailthe cause of military glory Colonised cies. Sri Lanka is guilty of religious non-fodder 1 41 lases have aSome Englishmen never ceased topeople on liberation often turn col- bigotry and racial killingPakistanlow value In .ontinentIndi-wonder why ungrateful Indians de-onialist themselvesVietnam threw has for most of its existence been aans do not turn a hair at the thoughtmanded indipendence The_ Amer-off the French and American yoke. military dictatorship. garnished withthat many die uselessls every year onicanshave heaped economic andand then promptly invaded Kam. forays into Islamic fundamentalismthe Siachen glacier. or that more thanmilitary goodies on Latin Americanpuchea. with no sense of irony So it and communal violence. It has play.a thousand aawans have been killedcountries, and cannot understandshould not surprise us that Indians ed the mini-imperialistitsdfinin Sri LankaIndeed,itis worthwhy the Latinos bite the hand.atlove to duos+ their weight about Afghanistan. South Asia boasts arecalling that five years ago a Jaffnafeeds them. India gives a fair amowathistoric-allypeople the world os er sorry bunch of countries. and Indiaterrorist planted a homb at Madrasof aid to its smaller neighbours. suchhave always gained a lot of satisfac. does not stand out among them asairport. hoping to kill a planeload ofas Nepal. and is scandalised that thetion by kicking their nelehhours and notably sullied' Howes er the atroci-passengers to Sri Lanka. He botchedbhghters halts usIndians mas kidsaying that sush kicks areinthe ties committed by lesser breeds with.the job and. instead, killed dozens ofthemselves that they have been nobleinterest of peace and prosperity in out the law have never constituted ainnocent Indians. Were the people ofin aiding Nepal. that they are keepingthe region Man does not !Ise hs good argument for imperial inteneo-Madras outraged" Not at all. On thethe peace (if sou can call it that) rnbread alone, he likes ii spiced with lion conti'ars. the) hailed the terrorist as aSri Lanka, and that thes are doing amachismo And in dn election year it Let us consider in detail the fourhero Never mind that he had killedsignal job in shouldering the brownwould be undemocratic to deny the foundations of imperialism First.so many innocent Indians. He couldman's burden inthe subcontinentcommon amn his ration of machismo militars and financial clout This pro-be forgiven this minor peccadillo asThe lesser breeds are not impressedThe problem is that others want their vides a sound basis for jingoism The ration of machismo too. in Pakistan. be had attempted the laudable feat of White imperialism word jingoism is derived from an oldmurdering innocent Sri Lankan pas. initsearlySri I.,anka. Nepal and Bangladesh phases broughtimmense English jingle. sengers. es en though he botched the loottoThe resultine friction means that the "Wr dun t n am to fight butha lingojob Bob Dylan might ask: EuroPe from Latin America and In-cost of our pripoism coeld become if a e do.'We. Ye got the men. we- t r got dia Monopoly commercial privilegesprohibitiveVie has e hid our fair th, aunt. we'ke got Hu mimes too "Hon many deaths will it take nilalso yielded dis Wends However. imshare of machismo in the Maldives Indians today claim that they don'tthe learn That um man people harepenalism also involved heels s costs inand Jaffnaand now need to pull realls want tofight.an admiringdied' armaments and battles Giving aid toback

- 54 I .14 Foreign Affairs/Parmanand The India bogeycovers upfor domestic failures PA psetially ekned and conclude treaties that am in tfie ben took a dispassionate view ofand unpopular political system Nporosityno. Jingledun- interests of both." thesituationandcalledforand the dissenters within the icameral natioual legislature OunIethwanPrimedSingh dialogue and discussions to endsystem. But the modus operandi the Rashtnya Panchayat has (Ratithat) strongly criticised the the stalemate. For instance, for-of the Nepali political system concludedits debate on theattempts by thr. Indian media to merprimeministerSuryaitself is quite baffling On July myal addms. Obviously,the causedissensionamongthe Bahaciur Thep (Dhankuts) 21.ala RashtriyaPanchayst stalemat...inlndo-Nepalrela- Nepalipeopleby&seething ,ad11111.- who crested a history by beingmembers BirendraKesan tions since March 21 was thethose living in the Tersi region as c the first Nepali prime minister toPokharel, Padma Patna main focus of the speeches made of Indian origin. Hari Narayar have been removed through aTuladhsr, Somnath Pyaai, Jagno by the various members ol the Rajouna (Kapilavastu) regretted no-confidencemotioninthePessad Bhetwal, Nobul Kemi house. What, however, aPPealtdthat the Indian eovernment "has Rashteiya Panchayat called on Rai and MOM Pessad Acharya rather sInkins was India-bastingbeen trying to suhject Nemilis to Nepal and India to reach an many of whom had criticised

by many members, who perhaps hardship by inundating Nepali -1. understanding soon in order toIndia severely durins the debate t.n see their political and sotto-term- lands on the pretest of controll- resolve the present crisis. on the toysl address were ar- ! antic future as dependent on theing floods inIndia". On the In a commentary. the 'Janarested along with some top lead- es monsnon-democratic Pen- otherhand, Khadpjitnand Jagriti Weekly' alluded to theen of the Nepal Congress. in- chant system. INawalparasil espressed ii ticern lesson from Sri Lanka and criti-cludingthesupremeleader Itemands for democratilation.over the Indian sovernn ent's cised the ruling Panchayst-m-(iannh Man Singh, women's including the establishment of aattempttointerfereinthe bers for their sins of omissionleader Mangle I)evi Singh and multiparty system, a national internalaffairs of Nepal. He and commiumn. The weeklyparty president Krishna Fraud government andinstitutionsstated. "It should he noted that wrote: "Ito our Panchayat politi-Bnattarai. They were arrested ensuring human rights, made by Nend had not made any com- King Kiernan cians have the courage to act inwhen they attempted to plant the venous segments of Nepali ments on theIndian govern. current stalemate in Nepal-India maintain a special relationshipdefence of nationalindepen-saplings as part of the govern society may have made these mcnt's &coon against the Sikhs relations.He demandedthrt withIndia.Forinstance.nodence the way the Sri lankanment's weeklong countrywid: members apprehensive. Hence.in the C.:oldeni emote in Punish Nepal seek the abrogation ol all Nepali is granted a passport toPresident has done' The nationalafforestation programme in Hat- theytriedtoexpresstheirand on the (iorkhaland move- "unequaland hutniliatingvisa China How, then, can oneindependence of Nepal cannotipda in the northern outskirts of solidaritywiththesystemment. as these were the internal treaties"hrtwernNe,taland say that we treat India and t hinaremain safe in the hands of thosethe Kathmandu valley. through their speeches by makallaus of India- India. or an equal hams' We have to hewho have a jaundical view of While the operators of the I ing scathing criticisms of India lloayaKunwsrlAchhaml l'admaRains I uladharnon.aligned in respect to Indiaevery situation, treat the peoplePanchayat system in Nepal are Ion various planes. sotto"India's attitude Inwards (Kathmandu) sa«I "1 he presentand f hind also". and the nonPanshayat politicalnot willing to try and normalise I ormerprimeminister Nepal ha% always been had India relationship hrtween Nepal and I ormcr prime minister Nagen-forces as their enemy. disregrdrelations with India, the system t okendraRahadur(-handhas shown its hegemonishe in- IndiaisunequalAll unequaldra Prasad Knal (Moms) saidtheimportanceofpublic isnotwillingthallowthe (llamado said "It is natural thattentions on the internal allairs ot treaties must.therefore. he that ptesenthrhavinurparticipation, indulge in corrupparticipation of the people even dinerenres should often arise he.SriI anka. Maldives and Nepal ;111+4T:ilea l;:. also demanded a toward Nepal was "millet limingtion even during times of crisisin normal socio-culiural and en- tv.e.-n neighbours Hut this doesand t matt((intim' with Paki- debate in the h.flite titi the ItiSit til J Ii R-11(1.*Ile asked India notand t nnilnue lo kink to India furvironmental at tiviliesThis is not mean that they shhuld slopstan". Ind.. Nepal I te.ity tit Peat e andto led waling% of the "test% s t support therulingPant-has.evident from the arrests ol mi. respelling eat h othert he In. I hona Prasad Acharya lhapa II twndship patot u,ta,i its lto gained hs Nepal intit.. world- therefore, need to take a lessonmerous wiItiisaI worker% in sari- dian media compasin againstwarned that the Nepali people let ft a ml 1. *huh he described I tomer foreign ministet Krishna I lllll tireI anka" ous parts of the kingdomI he Nepal's most respec tednstitu.would never forgive the govern- as ',l.inrs'tsniskirN..palIle Hat Ntval thaihrnir att Med Needless to jsiti there ha% iii Ke Pant hasatmild.is011.1011th Intr.isi ondemnable ciii h ac ment ifithat led down on the said I h viisel till,. f11. hilrurn 111111.1 11 hulls iiir1\ tillthea petteptible &WU Mr IIIthemos mg tin a«mhoniationist Istithtitle. mill. t mtedstop immediatelystand wIrch its td in base MO 14 all. ham it 01111,111 tut 11111 i 11.1111 .111.1 mothis operandi 111104 Vt/140 1 .4 IlK 1.11k% IPtilld lit!Airic.1 mHtli Its Idopted in thet onto al "4 .1111. I. 11 11,100 11 ci iii tvil tit in /It 1111 1111111 It 111110{1.11H Io milli

f pusT lam 'NepaleseMinister ' , tcriticizesIndia KATHMANDU, Aug 3. theAt a !Unction organized by Nep r Nepalese Foreign lienister, icral-China Friendship Association Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya.mark the 34th Miniversary of tht said about India : "Some have, of.estabiishment. of diplomatic rela- late, forgotten the principles of thetions between the two countries, Panchsheel and haveeven dis-Mr Upadhyaya said China, India carded the very principlesprop-and Nepal developed their rela- oundedby 'their own grand-tions on the basis of the principles : fathers." reports MI. of Psnchsheel. Mr Upadhyaya left no one in doubt about the target of his attack by saying : Chins has always stood lLmi by thisprineiple, of Pan- ehsheel. The Foreign Minister said Nepal wanted to live in peaceful co-exist- once with "the country of Gandhi- as well as the country of Mao and Chau En-Lai. litut this relation cannot be established without first respecting the independence of a nation." he said. MiUpadhyayasaid,Nepal hoped to receive the kind of friend- ship, goodwill and understandmg shown by China from other neigh- bouring counthes as well. He said the construction of the "Arniko Highway" had brought China and Nepal even closer. Political circles said Quit it teas through this "Arnike Highway- that "hundreds of trucks carrying sophisticated Chinese anns"-came tn Nepst. The Chinese Atribassadorin Nepal, Mr Li tiebiao, avoidedany mention of India, arid aid China "ippreciates Nepars policy ofnot interfering in the recent incidents in Beijing, which was an internal affair of Chins". The Nepalese Government has floated the Idea of forminga "un- ion" of aD land-locked %gee of the world "to protect their rights". Mr Skim KC,the editor-in-chief of the Government-owned The Kis- ins Neptl, has matt a rat hi the 'sudden closureof tie Budge oil jetty in the Calcutta port fixrepair and maintenance and founda hand of the Indian Governthent in it to breuk the back-btine ot" Nepal and Sta economy.. The editor take* "that are the land-locked countries to do InsisitStates resort to thiS kind of practice Which can ikrow tht econordics oils:id-Melted States to the winds? Isn't It high time that all land-locted States get togetherte protect their rights to ensurethat their transit rights are nOt used asa political terer bylransit Slates?"

56 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Nepal changes unacceptable

HT Correspondent

NEW DELHI, Aug. 3 India does not want Union External Affairs Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao today said in the that one or two amend. meets suggested by Nepal to the com- to end impasse: Nepal prehensive agenda proposed by India for discussion of the entire gamut of KATHMANDU. Aug 2 (UN1)various issues on the basis of the bilateralissues were not easy to The Nepalese Foreign Minitter.principle of peaceful coexistence. accept. Mr Shailendra Kumar Upadhyayalvlepal was keen. he said, to streng- Replying to a question of Janata told the Rashtri) aPanchayat-then the friendship and cooperation Party member. Syed Shahbuddin, Mr National Parliament-on Wednesdaybetween the two countries, lie said. Rao said New Delhi had suggested a Meanwhile, five members of the that India did not shos an) interest review of the functioning of 1950 lndo- Rashtriya Panchayat on Wednesday in holding India-Nepal talks. besides Nepal treaty, and not a review of the demanded theresignation of the its "gesture- of agreeing with the treaty itself. agenda. Prime Minister. Mr Marich Man Mr Updadhyaya was replying to aShreshtha. charging him with inabil- The Minister added that India's sug. gestion for a review of the operation of discussion raised by the former Rash-ity to settle the trade and transit triya Panchayat chairman. Mr Ra-issues with India, "even after four the treaty was based on its feeling that jeshwar Devkota. and the formermonths of impasse.' tbe implementation of the treaty had Prime Minister. Mr Lokendra Baha- The members included the former become so one-sided that it was erod- dur Chand. Finance Minister, Mr Yadav Prasad ing the provisions of the treaty from The Foreign Minister said Nepalpant. and another former minister. time to time. was continuouslv trying to end theMr Pashupati Shamsher J. B. Raba. Responding to a supplementary of impasse as early as possibleHe Mr .Pant was also cnucal of the Congress member R. L. Bhatia. the alleged that the Indian GovernmentIndian Government for what he cal- Minister accused Nepal of violating was delaying thenegotiations byled the "sudden closure" of Calcutta the treaty'sprovision regarding -keeping quiet"' over the June 26port, which he said caused inconveni- citizenship. letter .oftheNepaleseForeign ence to people of Nepal. Ministry. Speaking at a function organised Mr Upadhyaya said that Nepalby Nepal-China Friendship Associa- would continue its effortto settletion to mark the 34th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic rela. tions between the ftvo countries. Mr Upadhyaya said China. India and Nepal developed their relations on the basis of the principles of panch- sheel. Nepal Terai Mr Upadhyaya left no one in doubt about the target of is attack by isaying: China has always stood 'firm residents' by this principle of panch-sheel. In an ObVious reference to India complaints again. Mr Upadhyaya expressed con- 'Cern at. what he called, "increastn6 Express Ness Service 1 militarization in the region", and said "on the one hand. we talk about NEVi DELHI Aug peace. while on the-other, we are People of Indian origin. staying in engaged .in an arms race". the Terai region of Nepal. are beinr "In this context. the role played by discriminated against, a spokesman China in prontoting trust and peace . for the Nepal Sadbhawana pang:ad fill co-existence with her neighbours. has said here on Thursda) is fughly . admirable-, he said The spokesman. while affirming their faith in the King's Gosernnwni ora said that the Terai region has hrch depnved of kerosene. salt and suttAr whileall these commoclities ucre (reely mailable in the Kathmarkh, Valle) The result was that thc price of kerosene rose to aroupd Rs 25 litre in the Terai. said thc spokesman The spokesman said that arrangc. ments should immediatel) be ma& to suppl) essential commodtho to the Tara! areaThat apartthr) demanded that representatises ot all communities in Nepal be hired in Government sersoces on a prop - 57 ortional basis India hasdiscarded Panchsheel:Nepal From R. C. Matbur The Chinese amhasxador Li Debiao observed th.it the formal establish. ment of cliplom.inc relations between KATHMANDU. Aug. 2the two ountnes in 1955 had addeda Nepalese Foreign Minister S. K.newchapterinthetraditional Upadhyay a. yesterday accused Indiafriendship Saing that the two neigh- of discarding the principles of Tan-bours have e cr since been respecnns chsheel and said that -China. IndiaunderstandinFsupportingand co- and Nepal deseloped their relationsoperating st ith each other the Chinese based on the principles of Panchsheerenvoysaidthatthefriendlyoo- over the decades but some have of lateoperation between Nepal and Chtna forgotten the principles. But China hascould be al good example for develop- always stood firm by this principle. ing good neighnourl relationson the He was speaking at the functionbasis of the fi%c principles of peaceful hosted by Nepal-China Friendshipco-emit:nee . Association tomark the 34th anniversary of the establishment of di- plomatic relations between Nepal and China. The Minister said ***thatas a zone of peace. Nepal wants to live in peaceful co-existence with the country of Gan- dhi as well as the country of Maoand Chou En.lai But this rebind'cennot he established without firstrespecting the independence ofa nation Stating that the late King Mahendra had added a new dimensionto the friendship with China after theintro- duction of panchayatsystem. Mr Up- adhyay a said that the constructionof the A raniko Highway had broughtthe two countnes closer. Expressing concern at the increasing militansanon in the region theMinis- ter said that on the one handwe talk about peace huton the other we are engaged in arms race. In thiscontext the role played by China inpromoting trust and peaceful co-existence witi. her neighbours is highly admirable I OM i. 40. itiE4

aMIN*1.1.- 41111MEWIMIIN. ,Y.Kathmandu to blame,sayNepal MPs

Kathmandu, July 26 (PTI): Therammes." licence (OGL) system withoutother, here not quite consis- Rashtriya Panchayat members, Aniember said: "A lot is beingbringing in luxury goods, maketent," they added. during the last few days of dis-done to strain the relations withproper utilisation of hard- Trade vi4h China urged earned foreign exchange sadThree members in the Rashtriyii ,,cussion in the finance committeeIndia than improve them." meeting of the commerce minis.Another member suggested thathold the price line. Panchayst wge d the Nepalese .1 try,criticised the Nepalese gov-it would be better for Nepal to They said Nepal's export-government tv oper. trade points ernment for its delay in conclud-conduct trade with India "on theimport trade did not fare well inwith Chini to reduce wha: they .ing the trade and transit treatytraditional pattern." the absence of trade and transitcalled over-deuendence on In with India in view of the The members maintained thittreaties with India ovpt the lastdia. The membsers Are M. Chak- ;hardships faced by the people. the trade policy of Nepal fresthree months and that thera Bahadur Puthi (Numla), Mi The members blamed themeaningless in the absenccof avolume of trade bting carrieaBhupal Xiranci tSolukhombh?!) ...hawks in the goyernment fortrade treaty with ,' out by the government-ownedand Ms RamaIa Neupane (Suo National Trading Limited wassari). it,being oblivious to the hardships They regretted that tha far- of the common people becausemers on the southern )(orderdeclining. They suggested that the of steep rise in the prices ofwere facing difficulties ts they Nepalese gove...natentnpe-. essential commodities, anti saidhad not been able to export their They complained that only atrade points with China and en- "His Majesty's government doesproduce and medicinal herbs tohandful of people were con troll.ter into barter Lade with it not seem to be worried abouttheIndia. . ing the country's trade. "Inriosi-7hey Al. lernAndeli facinties ,j; current relations withIndia be- The Rashtriya Pionchayattion oi Customs duties on medi fot earpo with Chi cause nothing about thishasmembers underlined the needcines and fruits on the one handna adding there should lie a .1. beenmentioned in the govern-for importing only essentialavid provision of concession forlong-term trade po.c:, in the . ment'spolicies and prog-goods through the open generalimport of luxury goods on thecountry.

59 Pakoffersjoint mturestoNepal raw material Ke0.:nandu, Jab, 26(PTI):TMw, machinery, goods, offered variousand semi-processed Payittan today whe:eas, capitalexporting coun . kiwis of machineryconsumer international financial pieouvs ondjoint e.:ntures an!tries or provide fi. teaunoil kuuwitott oAepai asorganisations could en-operation fustsi.:Avent..es of Jetm venturesbetiven Pakis- bet Neer tit,. two.:ountrie... Nepal for designingand otrer was .r.atie1. eartan Led prOects where . Pa:dster ninistern1- state forconstruction oi affairs. plan-vor feasible,could also include finante, economic buyback arrangements,he said. ninA devo'441meni, lit Asa- trade pattern in ta.a upa;.ing Referring to the , mil Hag Pi..a chi., between Pakistan,nd Nepal, Mr statogrent at thethird session of vblume of two. .1 joint econo-Piracha said the the Pakisten-Ne today. Heway tradebetween the two coun- Ink tornmi:!sion Derebelt the cif.intri, . had beenvarying between sugg, sted that $0.6 milkon in1984-85 and $2.5 tries -mustat.:tr,..target-, rot bilate4al tra..:::t toeYpand theirminion in 1987-88. trade ..eiatio.,s. Mr Piracha saidPakistan gave high peority to herrelationF Vadons of :na:binery the region. hcladi;ig Lerner.and auger.with Or countries of Nep.The developmentsin the south plants cuttid L.e rupplied io always been a aally terms.Asian region had Simz arly, hematter of vital concernto Pains- Mr Pirachs s4. tan, he said; saie. .*Itt re werer.ossibilizies of engaged incrensing exportof textile "We are, therefore, ma per-in sincere and earnestefforts to items, es.enqn1 uih resolve sad avoidconflicts. We fume, wiscellarteous'bad pro- desire that du-:tr. and medial!instrumentssincereli hope and akistan toNepal wmdd soonbe able to anJ aepliances from overcome its presentdifficul. ties On our part,we assure you of all possible helpand support 41 a m sure that possible to these sinaarly ideptify szemswhichifl yuurefforts to overcome car. b.,intrort.i.0toy ?akistanprotlems," he said. fro) n JpJ,0 he said

Nepal ban on magazines -The nmes ofIndia News Servkt KATHMANDU, July I& Nepal today binned the entry of over SO Indian magazines. A directive to the effect was sent to Sandeshgriha, the sole agents importing newspapers and periodicals for the Kathmandu valley. The order has been conveyed through agovernmentcircular, copies of which lave been forwarded to the postal and customs authorities for immediate action. The order cov- ers all Indian publications, including those for children and women "Nandan", "Chandamema", "Femina", "Eve's Weekly", "Sun". besides other magazines like "Filmfare". "Stardust", "Star and Style", "Manohar Kahaniyan". "Maya","Indraial"and "Amar Chitrakatha"

61 *.t

C7N

01' 'to'ft i ffili firPRIIIIIh4 irLe igliiti g4g 41.1.f itsijCitotykaK.,:iii gyalittif 111411011411A0511 is 5. ill 5ot FDA lotal 411105.1trallidAknd DELHI, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 198b

DELEGATION ASKED TO STAY BACK Lanka turns down India's condition Talkson vergeof collapse From Our Special Correspondt

NEW DELHI, Thursday. The negotiations between India and a.=1=mm= Sri Lanka over the withdrawal of the IPKF appear to be on the verge of breaking down. Although hopes of a settlernent were aroused after the Sri Lankan delegation met 'the Prime Minister yesterday, the subsequent discussions have widene:1 the gap between the two lo) sides. 600 IPKFmensail for home India,SriLanka 0 lOver 150 killed in discuss time frameI fresh violence a nation-wideTV broadcast havebeenreportedfrom TRINCOMALEE(Srifrom Colombo by specterl thecentralprovincein flight leading a 10-memberhad welcomed the agreement securityforcesaction Lanka), July 29 (PTO-high power delegatico inclu-describing it as a turning point In indo-Sri Lanka relations. on JVP sponsored demonstra- The Indian Peace Kee-ding the Forelr Secretary, The Prime Minister, Mr Rajiv tions. NifBernardTtlakretne, and A number of security force the former Foreign Secretary,Gandhi, who had acceeded pingForce (IPKF)in to President Premadasa's re- personnelwerealsokilled Sri Lanka today reco- Mr W T Jai Singh°. west for the recommence- in the attack but the exact The Indian High Commissio- of withdrawal of the number was not revealed. mmenced its withdra-ner, Mr L IMehrotra, andment Kandy,Anuradhapura, Mr Tliakratne had an Friday1PKF had in a menage expre- Moneraglaircentral wal and 600 IPKF per- jointssed the hope that It would atColombo signed mark thebeginning of SriLanka were theworst sonnelsetsail from communique in the presence Oneincident Pre-new chapter In therelations affected. here for Madras by INS of President RanasInghe between the two countries. was reported from a Sinhala medasa, settingat motion settlementinVeyuvIniya Mahar. therecommencement of 150 KILLED,AtleastIn North Eastern Province. Acting Sri Lankan Foreign withdrawal by the PKF and150persons,including M.COPAEIN Gen Deepinder MinisterJohnAmaratunge, paving the way for Mr WU.-34 JVP 'extremistswere Singh, former commander of DeputyInformation Minister,ratne's visit to New Delhi. killedin Separate Incidents thekidianPeace Keeping R Vlayasinghe,Defence The two sides are also sche-ofviolence,antl-IPKF de- Force (IPKF) in Sri Lanka to- Secretary,Seppaia Attel duled to discuss the question monstrationsand attack dey welcomed the phased and Gen Hamilton Wanesinghe pf cessation of offensive mi- onpolleestationsInthe withdrawal of the 1PKF from andthe Commander of theMiryoperations.by the PaSinheismajoritycentral Sri Lanka. PKF, Lt Gen A S Kalkat, wereand the safety and securityand southernparts of the Gen Singh told newsmen sr. present to see off the firstofallcommunities In theislanddespiteacountry ter receiving the Lok Shree batch of the pull-out. North-EasternProvince ofwide curfew now in force award here that a political The returning military per-Sri Lanka. official sources here said. settlement to the Sri Lanken sonnelwillreachMadras PresidentPremeds= in Most of theincidents situation has teen reached. tomorrow. Meanwhile,Indiaand Srl Lanka today began consulta- tions on determining a time Protection for frame for the withdrawal of the fPKF from north-eastern Sri Lanka and reviewed the progressofImole,nentation Tamils urged ni the Indo-Sriani.a accord, :eludingdevolutionof po- weirs to the 'amils. The f.rst round of talks be- ga after the two Fr eign mi, ,ters, Mr P V Nara mhe Rao and Mr Rai.;i Wiieratne, ex( hange .lew2 on the en Aire ge,nut of bile'eral um'e . w.thout aides. Mr Vileratcx-arrived at New Delhi eHclier In the dav IPKF's Withdrawal' Confusing Issues By NARENDRA GUPTA erHE situation in Sri Lanka con- 1 tinues to be confused. Each of the Sri Lankan players involved seems to be tuspng and pulling at Both Forces the national fabric to meet par- The parallels between the UNEF from the JVP which has made the ..lese points are to be taken as ochial ends without thinking of the in 1967 and the IPKF in 1989 are presence of the IPKF the centralgiven. The realissueis how to welfare of the island nation as a many. Both forces were deployed to issue in the insurgents' campaign of implement these objectives with whole. The token withdrawal of the keep the peace between warrins violence. minimum bloodshed in the after- IPKF and the subsequent talks have groups.Bothwerelocatedon The Colombo government issup- math. Several senior members ol not materially chanted the situ- another country's sovereignsoil. portive of the LTTE demand for the the Sri Lankan cabinet have made ation. Both were asked by the host isa- IPKF withdrawal as well as for an their opposition to the precipate President Premadasa has not fully tion's government to leave. /The immediate cease-fire of the IPKF IPKF withdrawal publicly known. defused the crisis even though he UNEF was withdrawn because the operations against the LITE. It is The Sri lankan army with its ca- has given up his unilateral July 29 U.N. secretary-general took a purely probably felt that the LITE would pacity ftilly stretched by the JVP deadline for the withdrawal of the legalview about thesovereign weaken considerably in the inter- insurgency has also made known its IPKF which, in any case, was un- rights of the country hosting foreign necine strife with the other Tamils, objectionsto an immediate likely to be complied with. There forces, without taking into account and the Sinhala militants or the Sri withdrawal. It is a facile assumption was talk, however, of Sri Lanka the realities of the situation which Lanka army would thereafter be that the JVP insurgency is solely taking this issue to the U.N. It were obvious to all concerned. A able to eliminate the LTTE and motivated by the presence of the would be useful, therefore, to see if similar situation prevails inSri achieve a final solution of the Tamil IMF in Sri Lanka. The fact that there was a similar situation earlier Lanka. problem. they tried to disrupt the Sri Lankan and what happened at that time. Would those taking a purely legal elections although Mr Premadasa As many would recollect, a peace- Many articles in the media project view about Colombo's sovereignty togetthe IPKE keeping force called the United Na- tbe same totally legalistic view that hadpledged the 1PKF must withdraw from the agree to and be a party to such a withdrawn would show that the aim tions Emergency Force (UNEF) was disaster? The realities of tbe situ- continues to be the overthrow of the created in 1957 and deployed on the islandonlybeceusepresident Premadasa has said so. These col- ation need to be faced up to and democratic order in Sri Lanka. Egyptian side of the border with addressed. It is no wonder thatno Israel in Gaza and in the Sinai. This umnists are not, unfortunately, tak- The LTTE, which refused to lay ing an overall view of the situation. major powers have had anything to down arms on the grounds that the force had a large Indian army cont- say against the continued presence ingent with a number of Indian Just as in 1967 the withdrawal of Indian accord with Sri Lanka had of the IPKF on the island. The not fully satisfied Tamil aspirations, officers, including the commander the UNEF led to war. it has to be world is aware that without the of the force. The UNEF was in- noted that the total withdrawal of cannot possibly be genuine in its IPKF at this juncture is likely to devolution of power promisedto dealings with the Sn Lankan goy. strumental in keeping the peace the recently formed Tamil govern- between the two adversaries. Iced to a most horrendous blood- ernment which has been unwilling bath. mentinthenortheastern over the last two years even to In1967, theUNEF was provinces, it is in no position to power withdrawn in response to a request The indications are already there. devolvethelimited The bloody murden of Amirthal- protectitself againsteither the promised to the Tamils. In these from president Nasser because it LTTE or the Sinhalas. circumstances, the right question to was on sovereign Egyptiansoil. ingam,Yogesbwaran and Uma Maheshwaranby LTTE cadres debate is how to create the best This decision by the U.N. secretary- Civil War will general, U Thant, was opposed by leave no doubt about the LTTE's possibleconditionswhich many countries because they knew desire to decimate the other ramil Were the IPKF to withdrawat this enable the IPKF to come home and full well that the withdrawal of the groups and seize power for them- point of time and the Tamils de- to minimise,if notavoid,the UNEF would lead to war between selves. The only impediment to clare =Warn, as they have threatened massive bloodshed in the Tamil the and Israelis which did their plans is the presence of the lc, the result would most like br areas of Sri Lanka afterwards. take place in June 1967. During the IPKF. The Colombo government a civil war with a consequent refu- Gettinginto legalistic arguments war,theIndian component of also appears to have a similar gee problem for India What would while overk 'kingthe politicalis- UNEF, alongwithother cont- interest in getting the IPKF out. India do %het In any case the sues and the ground realities rniq ingents, suffered many casualties. This is because of the sentiment of *ening ur of reiam wouldnot be in de creditto lawyers but would For agreeing to this withdrawal the Sinhala people Lid the pressure .1.e interest of Sri Lanka or of India Mildly constitute statesmanship. In Thant was roundlycriticised by Sn Lankan sovereignty and the iscontext theU Thant experience many countries. In fact, it seems prerequisite of Sri I ankanconsent sii'remains relevant. fur the In r even president Nasser later asked to operate on Sri nt midi,- is toth the Inststlae C!' him why he had agreed to withdraw Lankan soil etre not questioned by the UNEF. any one inIndia; the need to Deena Studies and .4nalyses withdraw the IPKFis early as possibleisalsoaccepted.Dis- cussions on lese issues are funk 37 killed in Lanka, Indian banks bombed COLOMBO, July 26. by unidentified men in Kagalla dis- trict, says LTNI. The bodies of five Suspectedanti-Govern-suspected rebels were found by ment militants bombedsecurity forces in the district two Indian banks in the The attacks came as the JVP cal- led a ftve-day strike asking em. Sri Lankan capital todayployees to attend their offifts but as violence elsewhere leftto refrain from doing any work till at least 37 people, includ-Monday as part of its campaign for immediate IPKF withdrawal. ing 18 Indian soldiers,Ow Special Representative re- dead in the island, re-pents from New Delhi: As the dead- ports AFP. In the island's east, Tamil rebels On Page II: exploded land mine under an Editorial, Mileage Indian Peace-Keeping Force truck la Lanka when it was passing on a highway in Trincomalee district late yester-line for the IMP' pull-out set by day, killing le soldiers and injuringPresident Ranasinghe Premadern three, security sources here said. approaches, India is preparing it- It was the biggest such attack inself to face any eventuality. The recent weeks. But no hirther de-picture is now far from clear and tails were available and Indianthere is total uncertainty as to the diplomats declined comment Thepossible course of action that Mr attack was blamed on the Libera-Premadasa might take if the IPKF tion Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).does not move out of Sri Linke by An unknown number of menJuly 29 the deadline set by hun threw bombs at the State Bank ofearlier. India and the Indian Rank here. causing slight damage to the build- eand injuring two employees,Lankamay and witnesses said. The two are within walking distance of each other. go to U.N. 'Fhe attacksCOLOMBO, July 26. The Fore- were widely euspected to be theign Minister, Mr narljeft Wkjeratne, work of the Janatha Viinuktihas called a meeting with foreign Peramuna GIV1311 diplomats for Friday, *perking off A rocket alleged', fired hY thespeculation that Sri lAnka is ready Sri Lankan Army blasted theto take the issue of the withdrawal EPRLF office in the island's northof the IPKF to the U.N., diplomats late yesterday killing one personsaid here today, reports Reuter. and injuring two, Tamil sources "Quite what they art going to d* said. The blast hit the Zebus Peop-they haven't said, but the signs are le's Revolutionary Liberationthey'll take the issue to the U.N. Front (EPRLF) office at Kilinoch-and make a big fum," one diplomat chi town. The violence came as the Gov-Foreign dirstmats saw no early ernment asked people to stay awayend to the born JVP-sponsored anti-Indian 'The Indian attitude is that they protests beginning today to de-are morally right and don't care mand the immediate withdrawal awhat the world saye," en Asian th the MKT. plornat said. The JVP has asked Indian busi- 'The fact is that India and Sri ness and the three Indian banksIAnka have put themselves in no- bere to shut down or tact the con-win situations. Both .are acting sequences. Security sources midagainst their national interests in a todays attack on the banks mightmanner that leaves one breath- be simed at enforcing the threatless," a Western envoy said. The bombs mused loud explosions "For Sri Lsnka, Ito economy in a which could be beard up to one kmmess because of guerrilla wars, it is away. the height of folly to make an Another explosion occurred at aenemy out of its geatest potential building housing an Indian ariasource of help and its bigsest po- # Buddhist monk was shot deadtential at/AA" - 66 - Indiaagrees to IPKF pull-out NEW DELHI, Jaly 28. which means 4epprOXiMitelY 1.000 soldiers, would be pulled out to- The withdrawal of In-morrow). dian troops from Sri Lan- A spokesman of the Edema ka begins tomorrow,Affairs Ministry said today the ag- reement with Sri Lank,: on pertial Seventy-five according to a joint com-wAhdrawal and for talks should be munique issued at theseen as "a victory of reason, good- killedm end of three days of talksw:11 and good sense", rathe_than as refection Or 111CceptanceOfCOr- between the Indian Hightain conditions. He ortpreesed op:Sri Lanka CommissiOner in Colom-Willem about the forthcoming talks with the Sri Lankan Foreign siolence bo, Mr J. L, Mehrotra, and ster. the Sri Lankan Foreign WI reports from Colombo : The COLOMBO, July IL Mere Minister, Mr Ranjan Wi-Joint communique .ves_ _signed by than 71 people were killed to- Mr Mehrotra, Indian High Com- day I. separate kgtidents f jeratne. missioner, and lir Bernard violates and .aati4PEF de- tie communique, released aratne,Kri Lanka Foreign monstrations la Sri Lanka, simultaneously in Colombo arid inSecretary, in the presence of Presi- reports PIE Tbe demonstra- the (*Pile. said that the Sri Lank-dent Premadass and Mr Wijeratrie tions were held la defiance of en Foreign Minister would visit In-this afternoon. the eurilw I. the Naha's- dia to discuu thr time schedule for Mr Premadass has described the majority central and south- the withdrawal of the remainingunderatanding es a turning point In ern parts et the island, eill- Indian Peace-Keeping Force con-the relationship between the two eial sources here said. tingent in Sri La Wu. countries. The time has come for Twenty-one killings weft Mr Wijeratne is expected here to-both to ties of friend- reported from Maniragala morrow afternoon for talks withship, fors past differences, he district while Id ware Ira the Indian External Affairs Minis-is quoted by Mehrotra as hay- ported from Handy. ter, Mr P. V. Narasiznha Rao. Theing_stated Meanwhile, the country- communication says that the talks Mr Rejie Gandhi has conveyed to wide curfew clamped aim will review dw implementation ofMr Premadasa a message saying it add-aight last night has been the Inc le-Sri Lanka agreementwas the beginning ea new chapter extended lid Sunday During the visit of the Sri Lanka',in the history of the two countries morning. delegationheaded by Mr Wi-and would strengthen the bonds of adds: Security sin- jerstne, the question of Mennen ofgonedship and the cultural ties. dale said those killed in- offensive military operations by The former Lanka President, Mr slued two poliemee and a the Ina and the safety and securi-Junius Jayewardene, congratulat- to of all communities in the North-ing the High Commissioner, said Cubes were alm reputed Eastern province of Sri Lanka willhe was very happy it had been from Kiribathpuluwa and also be Estmale is Kandy district Thus ended days of mounting CM Page leaving eight demoestratats tension followins the deadline of After July 2S/Friends and dud. July 20 set by the Sri Lankan Presi- puppets in Bei Lanka Four antl-IPEF prstestors dent, Mr Ranasinghe Premadasa, were shot dead outside Kan- tor the withdrawal of the IPKFsorted out amicably was a pod- dy railway station this mora- troops ine island. Leter he setbye development, :* ooserved. Mr le& the effleials said. two conditions for India accept-Jayewardene rang up Le Mehrotra Tbey osid the two pollee- 'ing the President as the supremesoon after the communique was, men werekilled by rebels of commander of the IFKF and cease-signed. , 4the Janatha Thindl bon of hostilities &taint Ow L'ITE it Aas.-etaile, Mr Up. Guild Paramus* We) lis sekesbe Indus has speed te:!thdraw an cade( la argent musing ef the imidents la the north-weet- UM' contingent on de> tut day oftinion Cabinet early troday to ens Hurenegalsdistrict, the President's deadline preourn- discuss the moditions set by while the soldier was tilled ably as a face-saving gesture for Sri the se Lanka Goverment Pe la the mothers Monaragala Lanka. On its part, Sri Lanka has .end the dead:oek between the distrieL Eagrowd to Nadia,' Foreign Minister two soustries. The *Metals said that him- to India for talks on not only the The state-run Sri Lanka limed- erode of demonstrators de- !firth&withdrawalsct Indianma;k4 Corp:mt.:44 reported that Sed a Iiii-hour satires-whim troops but on the apeement ttself,Mr Wljeratne will leave for New surfew imposed by the Gov- time cessation of hostilities againstDelhi tomorrow by a medal Air ernment trim miftight last the LTTE, which Sri Lanka ts keenLanka flight along with the Higirar e ight and Mk to the streets on, end on the safety and set4it7Education Minister. Mr A. C. 13. ha Kandy, Kaduna, of s'I cor.mtedties in tt e North-Haineed, the Foreign Secretaer dr Kanarese's, 1111k311laa and earetern province about which In-BernardTilakaratne,Preddent warless ether places. tim would like some guarantee. Premadasr '1 advwer on Interns- InSedalia,AleFeree An inctifraNavelahip, ors A.Ilirs and the Attorney- bellesp.Jes were used tc drop Mager, is expected ro i11 at Ten-General, who are part of an eight- teargas canisters to disperse romalee tomorrow to help in thamember team. violent demonstrator% Nine pol out oi a cc.Thngent of Indian The 1,711A ',deemed lodies people participating laa. rime meeting troops. India has so ar withdrawn declaim. The State diat f.000 Uwe* in two batchts in meat sipekeswoman,firsMar Handy January and in April-May. Aboutwet Tutwiler said 'this do- Wet I. protest against the 50,000 trove an still left behind In velopenent would lead to sa IPKF preseme In the island . Lanka. (According to PTI. toegreement between the ewe were shot dead by the *um dnwlthr battalion plue trooPO lett night. - 67 4 1 LETTgRS

- Amirthalingam's on sayts . . '' 'rift.. i...... i'!.... 4 ** ir, Ai tt'* . . 4IPKF pullout will 1..:4 :XnCli*;1. a UllY 9 :4' * :1' t-:, It '' ...v. . , . civilwar eh, Thestocabedpeace moord .1AM India imposed on Sel Lanka as tzpremsNew &nice Only shesecretary-general of soled= to the Tamil fermi= Madras, laba Tamil militantdieparty could nominate asuc- India itseltromoted in the vows in Sh Lankaareon the cessor to Mr. Amirthalingani in plece) hm only resulted in a trink of a civil war and only the Parliameet. As he too had been division emong the ethnic 1PKF is preventing an internecine killed, the generalcouncil of in Sri Lanka betides causing bloodbath,assassinated TULFTULF would first have to re-elect conflicts and bother &stabl- leader A. Amirthalinpm's sona secretary general e( the Mad. Kandeepan has said. The Premadasa Government The Wien objective la the peace The aware of theviolence should establish that its conscien- Was to divide mid_ FeleSri which would be unleashee if the ce was clear in the Amirthalingam The acstmd &Med the IPILF left, loomed large beforeassassination by publishing the As a talk, Police and pro- the ordinary people of the north- police investigation in the case, he geny are cootimting to mid tent,bey were mortsllydemanded. imam= anb-peaae accord pion s- afraid. lim To proeat the .1 Mr. Kandeepan is in the dty on reword, proaldian agents the his way to Bemires. Mr.Amirtha- tee:ober 1988 Alev- *engemhad wished thatapan of ., end the Febtuary 1989 general his ashes beimmersed in Bemires :elecdons ic Sri Lanka, and dams and Tamil Nadu. "ifts period .:aore than 4,000 Stabiles in the noithern puvince, parti- Iserenundered, bdeig 12 cularlyinthe Jaffna peninsula, the peposidon candidates for Flake- people were under the threat of meat. Attempts were made to mem- execution by the Tigers, ifthey t *1 Attie the opposition leader, Mr voicedtheir opinion, he said. k'ffidmavo landaranalke, twice dar- Sometime ago, the LTTE had riir period. driven homeits point by attacking accord has alio divided the a group of starring citizens at Tentlis. India openly armed and 6- Moolai(inVaddukottai.Mr. :Mooed pro-acoord Tamil *modes Amirthalingam's constituency) . i,00 hunt down the LTIE terrorists whohad approached the IPKFfor Aol_.to the accord. Since its food. The Tigers appeared on the r on July29, 1987 more then IL.Tie and lobbed grenades just as Thmils have been kir .-4 by risehungry people bad sat down ; different Tamil terrorist lactions lo eat. ; sod the Intim army. The 'WU wouldcontinue as a The devolutioec4powerto the T milPolitical force, despite the /provinces,forcedIndia under the f11.7TE V..* to wipe out the lead- accord, mated a "vileged ership. tIx kw the T Tamils 1 frelleticianorthand the east , only nix per coot of the have boon given Deady one-third of de'Mend and lbper cent of the 'comtline m a separate, racial "ro- viace". Ily granting to this_mpro- toince" powers which even Indian k stales do Dot poems, India intends' Ito weeketi the !hi Lashes govern-, : -meat. In effect, India has created a state within a state in the Mend. .* TIM eastern province toe of Ai mitres of the Sinbala dvlise- dos, and which has never tom ruled by * local Tamil king bas also, 'beta declared a Tama proving' * the micord, a position which will sem be accepted by the Srl Lankan .This has sown the seeds of . , conflicts between.** coat- EiCanka The Lanka 'we- re eat gives a fair *unity to ewes iteridWoRreer their Wows whhes co duce vital peg -Aew affecting thek sovereignty nod MOndenos. Ethoi_woris, heir'Mt= lbeei i no ao144.1heiwpde have tilogootelly rejected the DR CliAbORIffkMT= BEST COPY AVAILABLE Ueda&' .... I... - 68 ,reid 0.7. ft.:, - Pull-out in phases soon Top Tamil leader The Times of %din News Service NEW DELHI, July 18: In view of President Ranasinghe Premadasa's persistent refusal to bold talks with India to decide the schedule and modal- gunned down ities for the withdrawal of the Indian peace-keeping force from Sri Lanka, New Delhi is going faced a lot cf flak for this and hadSunday morning. He had told friends By SEEMA GUHA then about his apprehension that he ahead on its own to get thc since been keeping a low profile. troops back home in a phased The Times ef ledia News Service Mr Maheswaran had gone to paywould be the next target. The soft-spoken Mr Uma manner. his last respects to the TLILF leaders, defenceministryis COLOMBO, July 18. Mr A.Amritalinsamand MrMaheswaran, like the other Tamil The leaders of his generation, was an understood to have initiated the 'THE leader of the People's admirer of the slain TULF chief. It planning to identify the areas 1 LiberationOrganisation was Mr Amritalingam who initiated from which the IPKY will begin of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), Mr Mr Maheswaran to the Tamil na- moving out of the island-nation. Uma Maheswaran, wa gun- tionalist (separatist) ideology. Thefirstcontingentswill ned down here on Sunday After that, be got torther with Mr leave these areas as soon as V. Prabhakaran, the LITE supremo, arrangements are finalised to evening. in the seventies and worked closely ensure that the safety and secur- He was said to have been with him. ity of the Tamil population are He, however, fell out with Mr guaranteed. walking along a crowded road Details regarding the arrange- when he was shot by unidentified Prabhakaran, as most others did later and formed the PLOTE. menu were not available. The gunmen. According to another He was one of the first Tumil moves made by the defence version, he was riding a motor- separatist group leaden to embrace ministry are in line with the cycle. Marxism. Ideologicallv, the PLATE message spelt out in the Prime Mr Maheswaran's wife and brother leadership continued to swear by Minister, Mr Rajiv Gandhi's identified the body, which was lyingFile pkure of Mr Maheswaran.Marx and Lenin. However, there was last letter to President in the mortuary, this morning. a vast gap between whatthe leader- Premadasa. In this communica- PTI tion, Mr Ga. .i had told the Sri The PLOTE leader came into the ship preached and what its followers Lankan Preoent that if Col- limelight last year during tbe coupYogeswean. In fact, he was one ofpractised. Mr Mahawaran, like the EPRLF, ombo refused discussions on the attempt in the Maldives. His group isthe Tamil leaders who carried Mr schedule alleged to have sent the mercenariesAmritalingam's coffin to the aircraftbad finally reconciled to living within IPKF'swithdrawal for the anti-Gayoom faction. Hewhich flew the body to Batticaloa onthe framework of the Sri Lank= and on * simultaneous schedule constitution, with autonomy for the for the implementation of the Tamils. While supporting tht !ado- ludo-Sri Lankaaveement, 7.vi Lanka accord, the PLOTE had India will decide the pull-out deen critical of the IPKF'sinduction. schedule unilaterally consistent For some time, the group was close to with our responsibilities and sections of the Sri Lankan establish- obligations under the Indo-Sri ment. However, after the disastrous Lankan ent. coup attempt in the Maldives,these Mean:Aril:7uwas Also learnt links had weakened. here todsy that the air craft Following the IPKF operations carrier Vikrant and a navel task againstthe urn, the FLOTE,, forty is likely to move from though apinst the Tigers, had not Bombay to C...thin to conduct openly criticised the Tigers. It felt what are being described as that as the LTTE was fighting a **routine naval exercises." foreigtn army, politically it should not identify with those who supported the IM F. During the provincial council elections in the north and east, the PLOTE kept aloof. The PLOTE was the first Tamil group to have contactswith the hnataVimuktiPeramuna.Its lewleir had participated in some of the eurlier meetings of the democratic alliance by which the JVP had tried to form a broad-basedopposition front But after the coup anempt, the PLOTE kept a low profile. Nen Delhi (TOINS): New Delhi is understood to be deeply disturbed over the murder as it views the incident as yet another act of violence by the LTM. Coming close on the heels of the -Onauon of the two TULI- c3ders, this killing appears to in- di -ate a calculated reign of terror unleashed by the Tamil Tigers aimed st decimating their political oppo- nents among Tamil groups, Informed sources herr hint that the t government is not viewmg hese killings with the seriousness hey deserve. The Slachencamouflage IIT began in19411otien toseistin Mega* oecupled thearea -I around the Sachem gtader.Since the urea Was uninhabited .and at heights of 23,000 feetandthe centre point of the conflict Was the ialtey ofKasfirnir,lie Indian side didnol pay much attention to it. NO thrtiüpnme test 40 veee., Pekbelln has kosen inching towards occupying the glacier..,Juring the Shimia round of talks whichfollovied the 1971 woe, dsmarcatloaIn the Slachen glacierarea was shovin asbeyund 0int NJ 9942. The primary reason for thiswas that in tha cordialatmosphere of the ShUnts Pact talks pftee.thebitterness ot thewar, the Indian ,sIde was extremely aohommodating'slime Me Pakistani side - repeetedie said that' the'areiwas uninhabited Ind ofno Interest to either side. However,in, the early 110s, Pakistan, 'after haviag refurblehed her argon& and expandedher arntied might under the dictatorshipof General Zia-ul-Naq, fish In troubled waters. decided to What started It off Waspermission given to foreign thountalneeringteams to climbthe peeks the vicInNy of the glacier. in India had aft aye hadtin MO to this area otter which Pakistanencroacped. The rest Is histori. Sinai1993 ,there have 'beer; Oasdalties on both sides wIth the PakistanisItking to dislogge theIndians st heights. AdmittixtlY, the logisticsof.maintalhing troopsat that height is a nightmare,and forthostwho have ramp/Res, 0 *is 'a battle to guard the against two enemies. *AiPakistani troops and the eifirrienta.N. !set as itmayOndiahas always shOWn a spIrlt.of bcooeiModation;inogreeing to thresh out many probleps on this Josue giro*teem without givingup its sovereignfilWer.Wecnen. Slit foundsdi talks at official level did not produce.much but the dialogue was keptgoing. In the meantime, there was IChange of 'government uped tw the death of hi Paldstart Oerwel Zie-ul-Haa hipion* crash. India's steno nes beenthatrakistan'enouro give that the lino nt what up its rigid control whath ands atpoint N.I 2. about 30 kms. north-eastof Kama extends .right up to me nolnwards Karakoram eau. most ol theareas cleimeo by xakistan hive been underIndian control since 1947:Ad an all 4uture talks it is necessaryMel while both sides shouldobierve Imo rispect 'the watershedprinciple:. 1nd6 shouldnot in her pagnanirtity give away conceuiOnsabout which she has had experiema with Pakistan inthe past. There arsome In the country who talk Ofthe area peing barren of no us*. But they and need to be reminded thatnearly 30 years Iago, the then Prime Minister of India:Pandit JawaharlalNehru. said In Parkernent thatVat a blade of "rase Chin in the north-eastern grows in the Aki portal j a Or. Put that didnot pre;ent China. from building a highwayoh tt.i Iffilfory111paily occupied that belongs toIndia. Let that be .4 team+to our negotiator, and governmentNegotiate, yes, but from tion ot strength, keeping a posi- of Me cotifttfL__::,In view long-term strategicInterests .st...: . ' ......

BEST COPY AVAILABLE 70 y partition .. . Do.we CAW tompage 7 MITINCIP.114!Ctli idepulation end-aloe .of% . : the mwirfactiming industries per capitafood production Inda's Wait : pedalo.), a1111,1OS MIP and teethe for India for 1982-83was110 ionsemance 'elcommunal'nab where es m*, centres (taking 1974-76-100) 'antagonism, .Seeded byproducing ,sew':ate._and whereasthatwas 104 for irested Wong, politicians,'cottonwent to oast And Pakistan.In1944,balance %as 'lust 4ompleted dour-west PaldMari ofpaymentsincurrent decodes. The *pis of so*.ThuIntir developed accountforIndiawas oconomic wounds were%den jute and octign teeth indeficitby 2429million even blurred, the throatIndust-MK. left 'With dollarsfor. Pakistan(i.e. a of another commund mem-&terns*, other !Napa= dollarsforPakistan(ira onions Winched swaying.of raw materials froM little mare than double) but, Hes Pakistan 'ileglikeds0to, Disk 'aitnillvel. Area n thegrossInternational onuoh later anew*. .fts.a.. .. reservein1984. forIndia polemic 'nation thatIt canfor thrill survival, Ana nevi was 8536milliondollars as by Paiditan awed- against1610 milliondollars tin'mitioreVitgo°=jrdtrir =r:sizable 'market for forPakistan(i.e. more r TOOt wintS7 Has Inds remainedmany. Indian industrial thanfivetimesgreater). ,It. so*w In the race of its Describing the repercussions r. materialgrowth that Usgrdja ofPakistan'sdecision to rpeople of minority Communityt e stile, enamel waresfootman) seek800milliondollars l.- can riot' expect to' come lipetc. wero ,Mariteted In fromtheIMF thereports by gettbig along with? Theireas now In Pakistan. estimatetestfrom the .. Ilgarpto* agwenor.tingsztMoreover some industriesMe next financial year Islamabad holism soap, silk and woollen may havetopaymore differentcommie% ties shoiddtextiles were 'also adversely by way of debtservicing lake lesson and guidance from'affected' dun to partition of than it might got as foreign the relative achievement andPie country. aidfunds.Anddespite failure of Pakistan to deter- that;theexternal debt mine thekfuturecburse .-I23Sar resk Amp liabilityoutstanding in of action. . PAlorma 1997 would be more that 11 . billiondollar. ThedayI. 1,6ADISar PNITIT1ONTO iniumed ccirrective approachingfastwhen PACISTM, measures to testable* its the Pakistan's debt servicing economy shatteredby burden reach Latin American listile got only 77 Petcent blow of second world war proportions. of the Wel geogripflical areaand subsequentpartition CONCLUSION 1k and 73 per cent .of thethrough planned efforts. People of Paidstan vire ;cultivated arm but inditerileefficientlytecided its hoodwinked by arosy 'share 82 'per cent of food problem throtepi green picturepuintedbythb total population urielvidedrevolution.Itmerged creators of Pakistan.Resource frindb t «owe with. Anaa tenth Industrial power reservoir has been withering ;partition on only 19.7 per cent .and the sixth 430C11reaching way in fortifying the regiment- a net arse' sown left In.coimttyk theworld. ation of martial taw adminis- twhereas thee of 411 In 1985,Indies trators under whose dreaded cent went to Paidetan.domeitic savkig was21Fuprfil: shadow the desite of individual foot sind and Punlab,.0ental jMA P freedom has bepn taidng its two food ricfr_provbices.ea same Wiaes only per lastbreath. Numberof shared only 55 per centcent for PlIkisten.ln !la Wks reports observe that lbcent oilseeds, 60 perway, in 1954 Indies gross upheavals' .on thepolitical mrroottan and 19 pm.domestic Westmont front had caused a serious mitoflute. .producIngot 24 par cent of=do e stbeck tothePakistan aof undividedMs. . , galrnt17...pit..canttor e conomyandtherefore Indioacquired -a relatively the newly formal Pakistani Government may find repairing .shamiifthe ertim oflhatterad economy even mom difficult than reviving democratic institutions.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE 7Where China has scored overIndia HT Correspondent

NEW DELHI, Aug. 3 Rural inequality in China is not very different from that in India despite all the revolutionary upheavals there. according to noted economist Dr Sub- He says that a sectoral pattern of ramanian Swamy, MP. growth rates for the period 1932-86 ms But the urban sector in China exhi- a whole shows thatChina is ahead a bited impressive equity in incomes and India in agricultural performance and not in the rural sector. he says in a new far ahead in industrial growth(about book, which was released by the Presi- double). Only in the service sector was dent, Mr R. Venkatararnan, today. India ahead. In terms of poverty levels, illiteracy The fact that thc per capita incomes and health. China has done decisively of the two countnes are "so low isby better than India, although the gap is itself not surprising", Dr Swamy says. not a; wide as presumed, he says. China's and India's per capita in . "Fob Caine, even in the mid 80s. comes are. even today,lower than there were 110 million very poor peo- Pakistan's "but one can not. on this ple and 200 million illiterates", he adds fact alone argue that Pakistan is more in tbe book titled "Economic Growth developed than the other two". in China and IndiaA Prospective by The trend in industrial growth rates Comparison". in both countries was also different,Dr Dt Swamy says that China and India Swamy writes. belong to the group of "moderately The Chinese industrial economy growing"developingnations. But had accelerated from 3 high annual 88 since 1992 in comparative terms. Chi- per cent in 1952-65 to an evenhigher na attained a higher growth rate in 11.6 per cent in 1978-86 national income than India. during the In India the growth rate decelerated three decades and more of planned from a modest 5.8 per cent annuall y. to economic developmen:. an unimpressive 3.6 per cent inthe The estimated growth rate for China '90s. during 1952-86 wa: 5.1 per cent per In agriculture both expenenced an year and 4.0 per cent per year for In- acceleration in the growth rates dim to dia investments made in modernisation. in cash crops and subsidiary agricultural activities. He. however, observes that Indian agriculture appeared to have lost its steam in the post-1978 period when China sharply accelerated its growth initiating economic reforms Describing China's investment. as "huge". Dr Swamy says that Beijing invested unto 34 per cent of the GDP for industrialisation compared to Indi- a's 25 per cent. Dr Swamy says that becausek the Chinese have been relatively more in- efficient in thc use of resourcer.. they could not realise a much higher rate ot growth Mothers battlewith life and rebels KABUL. August 7 (rI). Sidiqua is now a proud soldier CHE lost a majority Of her wounding some others", saidarmedsaidLt.Yasamin Orelatives either fighting forof the women's regiment beingSidiqua, recalling ber maidenAhmasanpr, a senior offioer of their homeland or in the rocketraised in a fortified campus in aventure to the frontlines in thethe women's regiment. attacks by the mtualsideen rebels.reside:W*1 district here. Jalalabad sector. Although a fledgling of five"We were about12 of us Besides doing the jobs of a Of ber two sons, one is a sole:ermentIts, some or tie SOO-odd cook, a nurse and a soldier, thc and the younger one is studyingtroops of the women's regimentparticipating in the war during daytime. In the nights, we at-girls also gathered valuable infer- in school. have already xede itto the mation about the enemy *ben Middle-aged Sidiqua, slim andfrontline Dear the strategic east-tended the medical amps", she said. senttothefrontlines,Lt. slick with tbt military cap partlyern city of Jaleabad; doing vari- Ahmasangar said. .Tbe wo-nen covering her bobbed hair and theous jobs, from molting food, "The girls are proud of beingasoldiers,however, were being facial manes: conveying her willminting the wounded to activelypart of the armed forces defend-mostly used during the mopping to figiit with vengeance displaysparticipating in the war. ing their homeland. Their beingup and search operationh in the agony of a woman who has "We fought with the eoemy. Ion the jobs on the frontlines alsoKabul and in the provinoes. she :ost almost all she had cherished.killeel at least eight of them,works as a morale booster for themid. US & THEM: MISUNDERSTANDINGS US AND THEM: MISUNDERSTANDINGS

India and the United States have a long history of tngetherness or so I found out this summer while travelling around India. Elihu Yale shipped ice on those fast clipper ships to Madras, and same generals of Revolutionary SPir fame, Burgoyne and COrnwallis, recouped some lost prestige on the battlefields of India.

Our present relations seem to be a bit on the downside. America's courting of India's enemy, Pakistan, ;Nrid the U.S. in naming India, along with Brazil and Japan, as unfair trading partners has not endeared us to the people or the government of India.

An interesting aside but related to relations with India. The Fulbrighters', along with all other Americans in the New Delhi area, were invited to attenda July 4th celebration at the U.S. embassy. I was disappointed, tremendously so, by the reception we received. We had to pay for each and every frank, and every cola. It couldn't have cost more than one to two thousand dollars. Our ambassador, Mt. Hubbard, a professor of history I believe at USC who had previously contributed heavily to Mr. Reagan's past campaigns, frankly could have absorbed the cost; it wasmere beans to him. More turbing to me was the smugness, the air of disdain exhibited by many of the personnel present to those not affiliated with the embassy. I wondered if this was the way the British colonialists treated the Indians (their Wbgs) during the Raj.

A) Have the students collect articles on India out of newspapers over a period of time. Ask the students to judge if the writer of the news story is being objective. You could give them one of the following articles and see if they could tell the author's frame of reference.

B) See if the students can find any other ties between the U.S. and India over the years. I've included an article about U.S. soldiers in Calcutta during WW2,a little known theater of operations for our GIs. Sale of F-16sto Paknow through WASHINGTON, Aug. 3 (ANI The Bush odministration today suc- cessfully scuffled a concerted move in Congress to prohibit or slash down the request for the salt of 60 F-16 fighter jets to Pakistan. The approval for the 1.5 billion purchase by Pakistan came despite strong opposition from some Congressmen that the US sale would ''mar" improving Indo-US and Indo- Pak relations, escalate military ten- sions in the subcontinent, besides im- peding prospects for much-needed economic development in Pakistan. A "resolution of disapproval" in the House of Representatives sponsored by Congressman Ted Weiss, andsup- ported by Democratic Party Congress- man Stephen Solarz, aimed at limiting the number of soplusticated warplanes for Pakistan. Pakistan'ssupporters and the Bush administration strongly justified the sale in that it wasa neces- sary show of US "support" (political and t iilitary) for the new "fragile' democracy in Pakistan. A senior State Department official stated. "our rela- tions with India and Pakistanare not a zero-sum game." Testifying before a joint House, two senior Bush administration officials made a case for Pakistan's military modernisation against India'sexpan- sion programmes, Defence Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Near East and South Asia, Arthur Hughes, dis- missed !dales security concerns saying the sale will only "roughly maintain anent force ratios (of the Pakistan air force) with the Indian Air Force." Mr Hughes subs:antiated the Pakis- tani viewpoint that the ratio was three to one in India's favour Pakistan's Air Force was in urgent need of US F-I6S to replace nearly 170 Chinese-built F- 6. technology of the 1950s being phased out by Islamabad. Mr Hughes underlined. IHE HINDUSTAN ma. NEvi DELHI. FRIDAY AUGUST 4 loc, US confirms Pak helping terrorists WASHINGTON, Aug 3 (ANI)Bhutto's Gevernmea; to curb these The Bush Administration has con-activities, even bring about a signifi- firmed Pakistan's role in abetting ter-cant dimunition. rorism in India. A senior State Depart- In a brief discussion after the testi- ment official today admitted in testi-mony today (which focussed on the mony before the US Congress thatsale of 60 F-I6s to Pakistan), Mrs Pakistan has been providing "assist- Schaffer told ANI that "it has been our ance" to Sikh terrorists engaged in(Tle Bush Administration's)" im- subversive activities in India, and the pression that Pakistan had been aiding rrocess had not "ceased". Sikh tenorists. However, the senior Today's remarks by the Deputyofficialemphasisedthatthe new Assistant Secretary of State for thedemocratic Government had taken Near East and South Asia. Mrs Teresi-some measures to control the activity, ta Schaffer, came as the first "outside"Washington feels this has been made confirmation of tbe "extensive" rolefeasible through a "better understand- Pakistan played in training and arminging" between India and Pakistan of extremists, even "helping the terror-each other's concerns. ists infiltrate" across the border into Schaffer did indicate that the prob- India. It is the first acknowledgment of lem of terrorism, as relates to India azi international awareness of !slung- and Pakistan. was "also a communal bad's efforts to fuel terrorist activities in India, particularly under the lateone", and there have been allegations from both sides. Schaffer also pointed President Gen Zia-W-Haq. out that the situation in (Pakis- Testifying before the House Asia-tan) "is a very unsettled one-. It is a region where. India claims, most ter- Pacific Foreign Affairs. Arms control and Internatianal Security Subcom-rorists infiltrating into the country mntees, Mrs Schaffer told Congress-have been trained. man Stephen Solarz that Washington feels "the activity has significantly diminished". Solarz had questioned Pakistan's role based on India's allega- tions. Oxigressional sources said the House subcommittee had seen documented proof of "Pakistan's acti- vities" in training and supplying arms to Sikh terrorists, the basis for Solaris question. Informed sources told Asian News International today that Washintion has come to know of "the extent- of the efforts through ekments within the Pakistan Government and military under the Gen Zia to arm terrorists, especially from Punjab. They pointed out that, after discussions on the sub- ject between the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan. there wasnotice- able drop in Pakistan's activities. Schaffer testified today that Washing- ton has made a note of steps taken by

'77 10 THE TIMES OF INDIA, NEW DELHI. WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 2, 1989 Indo-U.S.relations in limbo By GAUTAM ADHIKARI sway Congressmen who might not tremist murdering not only Hindus. otherwise have been all that oon- but Sikhs as well." The Times of India News &Moe cernedd about Punjab. Mr Huger threw in mentions of WASHINGTON, August 1: Lately. Said Mr Herger "The Indian gov- Nepal, Sri Lanka, India's reported Incha's image in the US has suffered ernment has not shown itself to be nuclear weapons programme and the a bit. Indo-US relations, which ap- friend of the U.S. For example, at the fact thatit was leasing a nuclear peared for a while to be improvingUnited Nations, India voted against submarine from the Soviet Union. sieadily. can be described as being on the United States position 93 per Mr Solon was the sole defender of hold for thc time being. cent of the time in 1988. more than India on these scores. All others, who A number of factorsmay beeither Cuba or the Soviet Union. At chose to speak on the amodment, responsible for this. India's problemsthe United Nations, India refused to supported Mr Merger's move. with Sn Lanka and Nepal are two.condemn the brutal Soviet invasion The US trade representative's de-of Afghanistan, or the downing of the Among Democrats, 178 voted cision to list India, alongwith JapanKorean Airlines flight 007, in which against the amendment and 136 for. and Brazil. as an unfair trading na-a member of our own House ofThe voting appears to have taken tion under the provisions of therepresentatives was killed." placebroadlyalongliberal-con- servative lines, with the liberal op- Super 301 lawis another. lndta's and successful testing of the Agni missile, Mr Solarz had to intervene posing the amendment and support- this was the only voice heard in ing India. Even among Democrats, with its intermediate range delivery to point out that createdprotlemssupport of India most of those from the conservative capability,has Pakistan's voting record at the U.N. whilereports about Indian- node south lined up with the Republicans. chemicals being used by some Westwas not all that much better. "We art Front the MI of the country, com- Asian countries for making Tolsongiving $ 600 million a year to Paki- prising 306 seats, only 23 Democrats gas have been presented in the .nedia stan. They vote against us 88 per cent voted for the amendment and 144 in a way that has generated f etherof the time. I do not hear any of my against. Among non-southern Re- doubt about India's intentions even friends from the other side of the isle publicans, the tally was 92 for the though it is quite apparent thst In- saying that, therefore, we should cut amendment and 33 against. Of 24 dianmanufacturersof such out our aid to Pakistan. which is onc black members of the House. 21 chemicals had little idea of theirof the largest recipients of aid from voted, all for India and against the possible end-use. the U.S. And I agree with them, that amendment. So did the eight his- In thc circumstances, India's publicwe should not cut aid to Pakistan.It panic members. relation efforts here may have to beis an important COuntry. But so is Interestingly, with the exception of intensified. At the moment, the USIndia, which is the most populous Rep. Newt Gingrich. a Reput bean. administration, especially the Elatedemocracy in the world and itis all prominent leaders of the House. department, isstillin a Oar ofbeginning to work with us in a including Mr Richard Gephardi transition. Not all appointees of tbenumber of important areas." Mr Les Aspin. Mr William Grey, M are Bushadministrationhavetaken Mr Solarzadded:"There Alan Broomfield and Mr Robei complete charge and in many areas human rights abuses in Punjab", he Michel voted against the amen( of policymakingthe situationissaid, "but I did not hear the author ment. Of the members of the Hous somewhat in limbo. But on Capitolof the amendment say 90 to 95 per foreign affairs commune, all the Di Hill. there is a lot of activity and itcent of them are due to Sikh ex- mocrats voted against. is there that India recently managed to squeak past an outright Con- gressional censure. It was a close call indeed. On June 29, the US House of Representatives debated the foreign aid Bill. Rep. Wally Herter, a Re- publicanfromCalifornia and a champion of causes of Californian Sikhs, who form an important part of hisconstituency,introducedan amendment asking Congress to re- duce US eccmomic assistanceto India from $ HO million to $ 85 million because of Incha's allegedly poor record on human rights. The amendment was defeated by 212 votes to 204, with 16 members abs- tainin& An analysis of that voting suggests that India would need to redouble its public relation efforts on the Hill. At 'itis, a margin of just eight votes more in India's favour shows the seriousness of the problem. In fact, it was at the intervention of Rep. Step- hen .1. Solon. Democrat from Nev. York and a friend of India, that a recorded vote was taken. On voice vote, the amendment had actually been passed'In a conversation with this correspondent, the speaker of the House, Mr Tom Foley. said. "I was myself surprised to see how close it

Mr Herger's amendment was osten- sibly on the ground of human nghts violations in Pubjab But he linked it to accusations clearly designed to - 78 Clarkmay replace Hubbard Pell, who was quite peeved that From Aziz Haniffa banes said recently thatmany the success of former Ambassa- Reagan went over the commit- of Bush's appointees have had WASHINGTON. July 23 dors Harry Barnes and John tee's head and used a presiden- fewer qualifications than those Gunther Dean as perfect exarn The State Department has rec-tial prerogative to appoint Hub- of other presidents. ommended William Clark. Jr.bard, has strongly indicated ples of "superb professionals 58. a career diplomat. to be the "They have gotten to thewho d id an excellent job". that he has no intention of con- point here where the onlyrea- Although not next ambassador to India but itfirming Hubbard even if he is specificall Is uncertain if the White House son some of them are beingrooting for Clark, one official renominated by Bush. picked is big political giving," said. "I hope we get a truly pro- will nominate him. Although the State Depart- he said. adding, "I am not a pur- Administration sources said fessional guy out there ment is strongly pushing forist on this, but they have gone Sources expressed fru st ra - several Republican stalwartsClark. it has a tough task, be-too far" who had contributed heavily to tion that career diplomats may cause compared to previous ad- He said it was much worse be shunted aside to give way for party causes were also in theministrations, the Bush White running and "it is quite pffiusi- than during the Reagan admin- political appointees. House has been naming as am- istration.'There's more of it. One source compared it to the ble that the president may ap-bassadors more political ap- It's more crass." point one of them". days of former President Rich- pointees with harclly any for- Although Clark has the neces- ard Nixon "when there was a The ambassador's position toeign policy experience thansary cmdentials required of a price list for embassies. You New Delhi is expected to fall va-career foreign serrice officers. foreign service officer slated for cant in October when Congress wanted Ghanaitwasord) Their only qualification hasan important ambassadorial5200.000, but if you wanted adjourns because current am-been either their support for bassador John Randolph Hub- posting. Indophiles here are Paris, itwould cost one Bush, for the party or their mas- disappointed that a little-known mil I len." bard, whose appointment was asive fund-raising efforts. recess appointment by former official mpy end up being the "I wonder how much India The proliferation of politicalnext envoy to New Delhi, "par- costs? You should think it would President Ronald Reagan. hasappointees has causeci rum- not been confirmed by the ticularly at such a critical phase be an expensixe countr). the blings in Congress. so much so in lndo-US relation,. source remarked. Senate. that Senate Foreign Relations State Department on ials. Senate Foreign RelationsSubcommittee chairmanfor Committee chairman Claiborne however. strongly defenden ca- By arrangement with South Asia Senator Paul Sar- reer diplomats and pointed to India .46road,News Sereir. a.vrct4 'Unacceptable Hypocrisy

The Indian embassy in Washingtonhas r .acted with jus- tifiable anger to criticisms emanatingfrom the Bush admini,- nation about India's exponof so-called poison gas. Unfortu- nately. the state department'sofficial spokesman. Mr Boucher. has not seen fit to reject thisslur categorically. A West German chemical company was contracted byIran to supply thiony I chloride which is used for pesticideproduction. It is also a component of mustard gas.After enquiries by the West ( man government, the companycancelled its contract w it h Indi- an suppliers andboth have seen .fit to pass on thebuck. as ir were. to India arguingthat this country should have mor stringent laws concerning such items.the export of %Inch is prohibited by West Germany. This issuehas been picked up in Washington as part of its purporteddrive to make the world free of chemical weapons. For a number of reasons this challenge toIndian hong fides is disturbing and unacceptable .This country 's record on the issue of non-proliferation of chemical weaponsand opposition' to such means of warfare issecond to none. India's positive and constructive role in seeking to perfect a systemof worldw ide control in this matter has beencommended repeatedly een hy the West. There are a number ofdual-use chemicals like rhiony I chloride whose purchase may *bemotivated by consid, ationN unknown to the supplier. But to single outIndian laxity is really to try and bell the wrong cat.Take the accusation about Indian supply of such poison gas for use in theIran-Iraq war. Both politically and economically . westernpositions on this war contrasted negatively with India'sprincipled stand of strict neutrality and its refusal ;tither to encourage or turn ablind eye to any efforts by Indiancompanies to make money out of t he lucrative weapons trade. The westernrecord in this respect was .far worse. If dual-use chemicals constute aproblem. and they do. the issue must be tackled in acomprehensive and equitable manner which does notsingle out a country like India. Indeed. a minimum conditionfor movement in this diction would he much greater information aboutthe production. stockpiling and use of such chemicals in the westand much less secrecy about laboratory research with respect tomilitarily useful gases and chemicals. This would be to put theboot on the foot where it belongs. 18

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0111111141-111,114iiiii1 [11=51T f II tititeg d 1 g !iv glum ri Iiint;L:eni-015eto 1034114in two flail:J.11,45iVitt' tiot frPE iff! 11(tbiif 1Nit,,11,01:11 ugi si 14Int, 14Jir 4.2 3tit -443fai THE HINDUSTAN TIMES Seeing India without old blinkers It may be out of that public opinion in the United States tends totate° airliscteortedview of India's policies, domestic as well as foreign, but quite often the distortion is set right. The latest instance of this corrective process is the rejection by the House of Representatives of the amendment to the US Foreign Aid Bill aimed at censuring India under the pretext of "violation of human rights in Punjab". Republican Party member Wally Herger had moved the amendment calling for withholding US aid of $25 million earmarked for 1990. The three conditions which he had laid down for releasing the aid were that New Delhi should lift its economic blockade of Nepal, allow Amnesty International access to Punjab and reduce the human rights abuses in the border State. Though the amendment was defeated by 212 to 203 votes, the fact that 200 odd members voted in favour of it gives an ;Aea of the extent of the misunderstanding about India in tht US. Mr Herger accused India on various counts and many others in the House supported him. As usual ft was left to Mr Stephen 1. Solarz to defend India. Apart from the 'violation of human rights in Punjab' Mr Herger found fault with New Delhi for its role in Sri Lanka, its stand on Afghanistan and for its 'hostile' attitude to Nepal. In short, according to him, India is a "bully" Obviously, the American critics of India neither know what is happening in India nor study the nuances of the Indian situation. Punjab is certainly a major problem so far as India is concerned and many unhappy developments have taken place in the State. But the Government cannot be blamed for its drive against terrorism. No country can afford to be soft to terrorists and stern action at ra m cannot be interpreted as violation of human rights. ,New Delhi's Sri Lanka policy or its attitude towards Nepal is the reaction to certain developments in these two countries. It was at the invitation of the Sri Lankan Government that India had sent its troops to the island but throughout the crisis New Delhi has been stressing the need to preserve the territorial integrity and unity of tbe island republic. In Nepal, problems arose mainly on account of the short-sighted policies of the governmentthere. New Delhi is on no account hostile to the Himalayan kingdom. If India's Afghan policy does not agree with Washington's perceptions, that is no reason why New Delhi's intentions should be suspected. The trouble is that Mr Herpr and other critics refuse- to comprehend the facts about 1a which perhaps explains their jaundiced view of this country's poficies. 4 1.4'1,4, -,154111Z

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Members of tbe Indian People's Proof intraing me of tbe US President, Mr Gtorlfe Bush, in New Delhi ow ToesdayExpress photograph Indiamay turninto armsbazar: US

WASHINGTON. July 30 (UND.while Inds's defence expenditure AP. TNESPrIT repeateddenials bywent up from S1.5 billion to just L./India, US defence aspens anunder $10 billion in the same period harping on the possibility of it be- mom than six-fold increases, he coming a major exporter of arms insaid. the nest figure Should India take such a pat, the HARD CURRENCY developing world may be flooded Experts say what may tare loft with a new wave of kthal weapons.lute tbe arms bazar Is the example el mys the South Asia expert, Mr Rich-Chins width bed of late been making tad P. Oman, in an article titledMid evereney by selling weapons. "India'ssowingmilitarymightCbIsies maim feress have sosered wonies its neighbounr published inthe world kr arms sake to pay for the -World and r journaL -Mazy modernisation. The policy aithilects international Tbe defence resources crunch may president. Mr Rodney W. Jones .compel India to abandon its existing writing us the Wuhington quarterly, of not exporting anns, says Mr highlights the increase in India's de- fence expenditure unaware but omits the bet that it bad introduced a cut India's participation this year in of over Ra 200 crams this year in itsdefence exhibitions in Ankant, Bagh- dekace did and Paris is considered nothing PskistubMnceexpenditures in-but a manikstation of its intention to amsed front about $1.6 billion tolook kr potential buyers for its arms, $2.7 billion between 1971 and 19Uespecially mall arms, be says. I1.1"ftEltkliestig ig .11 41 Fl IOndfrigkllt el ili "IgriftlialIPMR111111#4111 i 1111 tf-CI) twifilltirjr illiEll 1 li 14114451411114114i1111111111/1:114714 10 .11't,filirfiri'ligifiep 1 Ikm3 I l irinioi ti 1 h 4111! NIB 014th ftif itlithe4 t§[seglitn 1. $ rgii LI Ikg41111II1/41111(filoti igiok prill114116ifilpflihr India not to bow to US: Dinesh Express News Service *mid not cause great concern", Mr Referring to increasing trade be- NEW DELHI. Aug 4Dinesh Singh said. tween India and USA. he hoped that India will take up the issue of kr He pointed' out that USA. itself.good sense would prevail and the being named unfair trader by thehod so many barriers to its markets. USAwould not initiate anything United States of America. under the He said India had a liberal policyunder Super 301. Super 301 provision of its Trade Act.of investment and welcomed foreign He sought to dispel the at the international fora. There wasinvestment in areas which had beenapprehensions of the members. and no question of discussing this issuedesignated as priority areas. said India's trade was already well with the USA. The statement was -What has surprised us is that indiversified. She was not dependent made bydieUnion Commercerecent years their trade with us hason one coun y orgroup of coun- Minister. Mr Dinesh Singh. whiledoubled and yet they have describedtries. he said. replying to a calling attention notic:eus as a priorny country" along with- Earlier, making a statement before on the subject in the Lok Sabha onJapan end Brazil. the Minister toldthe discussion. he said the US Gov't Friday. the House. He said India had notbad 'not yet approached India for Mr Dinesh Singh said the US standreceived any complaints from US neriations was totally unreasonabk andbanks or investors of any cfisaimina- Dinesh Singh said the US had Pon. absured. -We have made it quite - listed certain aspects of India's poli- clear that we shall not discuss thc Mr Dinesh Singh observed that thecies on investment and insurance as issue with them", he drclartd. USA had chosen one area. insur-priority practices whose elimination The minister iaid no country in thtanc e. and expected India to giveit must seek within a time-bound workl had supported the stand takenmore to US citizens than she pve toperiod. The US was seekingto by tht USA and mentioned EEC.ber own citizens. assumejurisdictiontodetermine Switzerland. 4ustralia. Japan. Bra- He said India had already con-whether certain aspects of India's zil. Thailand, Mexico. Korea. Pakis-sulted Japan and Brazil and they haddomestic economic policies were fait tan. Turkey. Egypt. Canada anddeclared that they would not discutsor equitable. Nordic countries, who had supportedanything under Super 301. -We shall -The stepisunwarranteden- India. participate in multi-national fora.', croachment on India's sovereignty . -India has attempted to build a self- The Minister said USA was anWe are under no international treaty reliant economy which has giveneconomic power but "there is noobligations in these areas and we _are Vimpetus *o our development reason for us to bow down. They arefree to pursue policies in pursuance an now a major industrial nationalso a defence power but we have notof our developmenrobjectives" Mr and the stand taken by the USAbowed down to them.". Dinesh Singh said. THOSE MONSOON SHOWERS

MAY COMEYOUR WAY "Hey, congratulations. %hen are you going to India?"

"Oh, this July and August."

"That's toobad."

Nhy?"

"That's the monsoon season. It's hot, humid with lots of rain."

With those condolences and others from my students and knowledgeable friends, I was off to India apologizing for my trip being in July.You know, us teachers can only travel in the north latitudes unless we want a double dose of winter. my other lament was I couldn't look the federal gift horse in the mcuth and say sorry it's the rainy season; I'll go in the fall.

Much to my happy surprize and delight, we had rain only six days of my forty-two (lays; and those had little impact in my studies, visits, or sightseeing. Shiva looked after me, for it fell at night or when indoor activities were planned. By all accounts my home on Long Island had the Indian monsoons a small, wet payback to my gloom and doom friends.

I was walking Connaught Circle looking for cassettes of Indian music when I had my first experience with a Delhi downpour. What had been a hazy, hot, overcast day suddenly turned gray then brownish with the light breezes pidking up markedly, beginning to swirl. Papers and dust were being blown around in mini-cyclones. It was becoming difficult to walk, to breathe, and to move. I ducked into a store just before the rains came a windswept downpour of some thirty minutes duration. Many of those people out- side, stayed outside continuing on their journey as if impervious to the event.

The mcnsoon is so important to India; it's her lifeblood, for it nourishes the soil and thus the soul of the Indian civilization. I've been accused of being a bit to preoccupied with my own local weather, and that's probably true. But India, as a nation, is preoccupied with this weather phenomenon.TV reports daily cover the rainfall nation- wide, newspaper columns are devoted to the centimeters fallen to date. It's a mixed blessing and has been since time immemorial.TOo little rain produces a drought with all its socio-econamic implications, too much rain produces floods with its share of additional miseries.

The articles range from the lovely editorials on the following page, to rainfall maps, a poem, and tales of floods.

1) Have your students obtain a weather map of the United States, and see if they can explain what is happening in various places.And, what would the impact be on the peoplt_ of that area.

2) Summer floods in India are like U.S. floods when the snow melts??Floods - have the students read the articles on the floods, and then do same role playing (a person who has lost a family member, a hame, a boat, etc.).

3) Obtain a climate or rainfall map of India, and by location have the students describe the impact on someone who lives in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Bihar, Tamil Nadu.

4) Insurance is a westernphenamenon, may be even more American than European. So, we have flood insurance. Read some of the articles contained "They Were Swept to Death in Sleep," "Long TrailofDestruction." 88 0,1 Rain song By Malati Jaikumar

HEweather pundits may quibble over the thc flirtation gives way to passion and fury as theinto one single song-the rain song Rain. pounng Tterminology and waver about callingit awind wailing like a banshee bends the down in sheets, in torrents, dashing against the coludburst, a pre-monsoon shower or aloss bangs doors and windows, knocks down walls, trickling noisily down window panes. drip- pressure disturbances. But for 2 plain and simple and scuttles dust and scraps of paper in miniping over ledges, swishing down drains, collecting ram-crazy Indian like me, rain is Just rrin-often atornadoes. into puddles, gurgling down rain pipes.line welcome relief, always a symphony o: soun& The orchestra now becomes more strident,drumming on roof tops in a rhapsody of tunes, smells sad sensations, to be felt and savoured. deafening. One feels insignificant in the face ofeach different yet all blending harmoniously A thunder-shower is a well-orchestrated p4= such unleashed power but also a sense of awe and 'Plat is when I long to rush out, to dance in the of nature's music, the movements clear aW well pride for being pin of nature. The brilliance ofrain, get soakine wet, exhilarated by the cool defined, gradually progres.sing step try rhythmic the lightning slashing through the skies followed ashower after long weeks of hot and humid step, leading unhunicdly up to a disnax and split second later by the clop of thuisder emphati-waiting. Yet all too soon the music grinds to a tapering off to a sikoce fa of deep contentment, cally punctuates the unceasing moaning of thehalt. Like thi darkening of a concert hall before the wind. Just as suddenly, all the sound and fury The quiet lifter the rain SWIM is a peaceful begins, dx first sign is the darkeningstops, giving way to a shattering SiltlICC. Only thequiet, with the heart and spirit fresh - washed and lomfaLgrallirand the hushed SiltDet, broken only byuntutored would dare to mistake this pause forithsete=cats the rain-washed roads and leaves bird calls-the joyful call of the peacock full ofthe end and break the golden silence, a silence full sun peeps out tentatively and then anticipation and yearning Of the nervous twitterof promise. gathers courage to shine forth persuading the of smaller birds loath to get their feathers wtt. sheltering birds to strut out and ruffle their damp The opening notgs of the breezy overture tug at The symphony movei on again, softly slowly as feathers. And as the colour stains the sky in a tames. Wlm, skins, ruffle hair and toss up drythe first rain drops splatter down-large and far perfect hosanna of au arc it feels good to be alive. leaves.It is a tcasing, pleasurable breeze. itsapart. The staccato music slowly gathers pact. theinhaling the hcady fragrance of damp earth and passion reined in, held in check to beguile thedrops growing smaller, faster and closer together, rain-drenched grass. The concert is over but thc unwary, Then in a sudden swift surge of power,pelting down, rising-to a crescendo and mereing melody haunts the beast.

Monsoonmusings NITI PAUL MENTA HE clouds were not block faith in them nor or grain" There is one carvnors sight in thick ormenacing.They AA interesting English proverb Proverbs contain great wisdom.Punjab. When the firs: rain of the did not threatos rain. In fact Me ayis: -Rain before seven; fine befaeThey come handy in ernphasising crseason falls, children rush oso irao looked grey likedrizzle. Buteleven" Who sada* wekomeproving a point. When they dothe areas. They splash water and suddenly, Me rain came cascadingsuch a rain-spell - neither too longneither they make conversationsing: -Send rain, 0 Lord! Send rain, doom and unsuspecting people rannor too short! The Spector-, oflively. Even when they é nothingsend still more rain; les ii be a Asher-shelter to seek shelter. March 20, 1909 MUM 'one ofebe, they make things clear. Theydarnpom r,for the heat has bone the You cars never say fa, certainthe most trustworthy q'ali ccrwaryare always enjoyable .Take this verybricks and stones to cinders. 0 about the first monsoon rain. It cansore commas saying"It never rains butLord, send as heavy rain." be a downpour or a mere passing In ow' own angry, especially inA pours." Trollop used k in a A similar song is also sung in shower,a steady soaking drizzle orthe Nora. it is widely believed thatdialogue in Barcheser Towers liteUP.It says: Verso Ram Awake se. just a few scattered raindropsrit starts raining on a Thursdaythis: "A wife wish a large prolatebudhiya mcrgai Mese.' (0 I.ord, whkA, bated ((cooling, make themorfare conroom milling fortoo. It never rains but itponrL doessend heasy rain. End this drossi ht. ewth even more thirsty, tailingMum. dap. it Mr Thorne." It it mostly used,An old woman has already dial of humidity to the hem. though 'sometimes archaically, tostarvation) But whatever its Wearily, the There's another belief which isintroduce an inevitable The says: "He makath His scent rising from the rain-hit earthas widely prevalent. When aileraccompanying circumstance." Ain rise ors the evil and oaths good, brings the pleatant message of thedaylong rain it clears op and Me sun and sender!' rain on the just and the Comm twins. comas up towards the close of Ms There is sometimes anseasonalwsitrit ." But Lard Bowes, a 19th Almost Awry itmgrage Ms aday, be sore it's going to be cMadyrain when sortie good Person dies.century English poet quips: rkh rain-irupired literature which-again As runt day. The belief is Mot Indra, the rain god, The rain it raineth on Me just captures the various nwods o f rain Rain, when it is timely, is a boonweeps o n the death a f a noble And also on the unjust fella: and their eta on the peopk .Thwebut V it fails so arrive on time, it canperson The English also haus a Bet chiefly on the just, because are alus some vary interestingapeR ;aim". An Engli.sh sayingsaying with a similar mewling: The stlisia steals the just's proverbs which have surWved ftrpoints to this: "if in February Mere"Blessed are the dead that the rainumbrella. centuries became ql the people'sis no rain, les neither good for hayrains on.' Ol...111M

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' 'Cheers!' to the short spell of showers that brought fleeting relief to the Capitalon Tuesday afternoon, says the imitation Air-India maharaja. Or so it seems. The Statesman. 31" idespread rain in A.P. From Our Staff Reporter HYDERABAD July 21 The South West Monsoon wasvigorous over coastal An.IhrePradesh and Telengana with rainfall also reportedfrom some places tr R flyaineeine regrOn todayHuzurabad (Karin- new District)recorded14 cm ofra ChaepLnspaff(Viznanagararn dist) 13 cm a-,c. HanarnkondalWarangel 65012 cm during the 24 hours ended Fnday morning ars1111111.. According to the Acting Director of the Hy. derabed Meteorological Centre. Mr ti Ponderosa% the wide-spread rainfall in the State hes been caused by a well-marked low pressure system in the Bay of Bengallocated off the coast A weather bulletin issued by theMeteorolog cal Centre the other Chtef amounts of ram. fell in the as followsEturunagaram nine cm. Nandigame.Guntur. DurnrriaguJem and zt, and Medak.eightcrneach.Nizarrisagar ^-r Udayagin seven cm each, HyderabadAirport t Kalesweram. Sangareddi. Peri" endTenal, 5 x on each,Sattenapelh. Karenangar. Hakimpet -.0511L7MosmASL Suryapet and Nirmal five cm each The forecast valid till Sunday rrryning says that moderate to rather heavy rsin will occur at 4,4 rno ^iy places over coastalAndfva Pradesh ar Telengana Light to moderate ran will occur at manz4zilaces over Rayalaseema Veryheavy rait-, is 1 at one or two places in theTelenga-a Wee. VISAKHAPATNAM According to a spokec nien of the Cycone WarningCentre. Visa1t.i.3 patnam the low pressure weetying Ove( t'W peninsula. heat 1-8 picture taken at 1140 am. on Fridayshows thick clouds over the wrest central Bay of Bengal Is likely tointens further end move in north-westerly direction MADRAS: According to the weather office in Madras there will be scattered reellati over- nortt Tamil Nadu and isolated rainfall in southTamil Nadu (*sing the next 24 hours BANGALORE /Uinta) occurred at almost a;' places Over coastal Karnataka and south inter idr Karnataka arid at many places over north inter i0. Karnataka Heavy rawiell amounts (incm) Madoken S. Sulya 8, Agurnbe 7 The othei amounts of region wereBelthangady, Putuir Kartua:a6eeco.Medapura5.UduO 4 Sirldepurern. Karwar. Balehonnur 3 each, Shirai, MangEllore AP, Bangek)re. Arakalgudu Ma,ur Srinivasapura, Channagin. Hosanagar, Sorac Koratsgere, Chikrnagakir, LMkavU,,Velanda I each Forecast and farrnerS weather bulletin Mode- ate to rather heavyrain/thundershowers will Oc cur at almost all places overcoasta Karnataka PROGRESS OF MONSOON RAINFALL JUNE 1 TO JULY 12

Without water we stutter. Without water how we mutter. Without water we flutter. Without water we chatter.

Without water we shiver. Without water we search for a river Without water we feel heavier, Without water we feel drier

Without water we dig. For a well so big. Without water we search Having water we standin the lurch'

EXCESS (.M or mere) NORMAL T.19% Te .19%) NM DEFICIENT (-20% "ffirrif[ .0.1411111; tl"01111 141 !g111111114-1:Pill .1[6:1111 01611 .1q/10ispu et; I Ihole1141;if floodsunrelenting Rain, forcing people to Sonitpur and Jorhat distres. retie NEW DEU.6. July 30. take refuge on embankmentsandin take their toll on COMM- Rain and floods continued to between Lower human lives and property inthe NOrth endNOI- RaB inks cut aft Roil links death court in cyclo- emd Upper Assam ard theBarak Valley were theastern States while the landslips near Panikhaiii nic storm in Maharashtramounted to 685. cut off due to heavy from Jammu tion on theGuwahati-Lumding main metre Seven deaths were reported Frontier Railway two persons werekiRed in a =victim of the Northeast and Kashmir round-the-clock cloudburst and three inlandslips in the border engineers are working died in house col- to restore the line district of Poonch while two Pa& crops on over16.000 hectares have lapses in Kathua district. of the district More then 16.000 peopleliving 01 the Pargw- been s perged in Gohpur area off from the rest of the The flood waters engulfedseveral villages includ-. al island have been cut Bast end Garu Ohuba, Jammu region es theChenab is flowing five mg Thelipukun. Kekori affecting more than 15.000people feet above the danger level In Manipur The Srinagar-Jammu end theSnnagar-Leh na- WOW breeches embankment closed for vehicular the Imphal river, reingmenacingly for the past tional highways have been embankment at five traffic since yesterday following_landslips trig- few days has breeched its Over 3.000 vehicles. in- 11.30 fun. places end washed away a majorbridge on the gered by torrential rain Ineet-113 photograph token at about cluding 30 tourist buses. arestranded on the the North end Nuth. Highway No 39 at Kanglatomb on Sunday shows I. Srinagar-Jammu Highway. in thick monsoon20-km from and the 434-km-*est India enveloped Official sources said theImphal. the Bridge washed sway: A bridge on were flowing long Snnagar-Leh road nearthe Sonamarg tour-clouds. the Thaubal. fed by torrential rain, in flash floods much above their dangerlevel inundating vast ist resort was washed away flights on Delhi-Shimle and of knphal and its adjoi- Landslips ki Himechak Three Personswere kil-mm. The Vayudoot areas m the capital town landslips in Shenle in theShirrile-Kullu did not operate led and three injured in In Assam. thefvn9 d .tatrocta the fourth conseou- Sftuattion worsens in AM= causing Large-scalecommunicator wake of continuous rain for flood situation in four districtsfurther detenorat- of paddy crop. the floods trve day in HimachalPradesh Several interior "disruptions and loss from the rest of Stateed. while road and railcommunication betweenworst sshce 1965 havedamated more than places have been cut off Lower and upper Assamremained out off for khs of people due to landslips officialreports from50.000 houses. effacing several are in spatethethird dev today The famous women's market inImphal town ts AU the rivers and thew tributaries Guwahat, 9.d" the rain_fed ahmaputra and its the catchment areas. UNI due to incessant rains .n continued to rise above the redunder we'etdeeP water Dharamsala was themafor tributaries Tale of woe in Maharashtra. Page 9 reports from Slime said mark at different points in Sibsagar.Lakhimpur, wettest place m the Statewith a rainfall of 150 20 feared drowned Rain likely HYDERABAD. July 16 (P11): At least 20 persons. mostly women and in few days children. were 'presumed dead' as a bus, stranded on the causeway of a Express News Servke hill stream in Nalgonda district, was NEW DELHI. Jul6 washed away today in a flash flood. The stalled monsoon in North In. according to reports reaching police dia. particularly Delhi. is dampening headquarters here. the otherwise excellent record "of The reports said the driver L:nd the best rainfall in nine years" for the conductor of the bus and two passen- rest of the country .Despite his Su- gers had been rescued while only one percomputer the weatherman has no Wdy bad been recovered so far. reasons to explain. The best that the Meteoralogical Department can do is to explain Imo a "lull- in the monsoon has affected this area. They do not know when it willliftandforwhich regions However they have suitis6cs to prose that Delhi has received just 25 per cent of the rainfall normal for this ume of the year - only 22.6 mm instead of SO mm expected. The Met Department, is optimistic that the rain will come here in the Slum-dwellers next few days. "Yes the temperatures are very evacuated as high in Delhi for this time of the year and the rainfall should have been heavier but that is all we can sa%. Yamuna rises And the reason is that neither the low temperatures nor the westerly winds By A Staff Reporter persist long enough for it to rain.- NEW DELHI, August 1: Slum says Mr GS. Mandel. &rector. dwellers along the Yamuna Bank Meteorological Department. were evacuated by the administra- But even though he cannot explain tion to teMPOCary camps along 1..he the cause for the delay- in monsoor in Ring Reed at Vijayghat this morning following a suMen rise its the river. the North. he says that in Eastern Huts Along the shore were and Southern India. particularly. the flooded, something routine at this monsoon has been the "best since time each year. The sudden rise was due to heavy rain at wine places, Rajasthan too has received a good leading to a lot of extra water flow rainfall compared to thelast few from Tajewala., the last =Or head- years. In Madhya Pradesh. Orissa works upstresm of Delhi. and West Bengal.itis torrential However it has bypassed Delhi where After rising beyond the warn- first few showers were on schedule nig level of 204 m at the Old Railway but ever since tbe Capital is in a state (lhe warning is for the huts, of "lull-. BogleMa of the city) this morning. the water-level was declining by thc end of the day. Around 96,000 cusees (eub'e fact per second) gushed throughyrs- terdayand today's was barely a fourthof that TWO MONTHS OF MONSOON

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Rapti crosses danger mark LUCKNOW, July 29 :PTl)- Mr Pal, who accompanied IntermittentreinsInthethe Union finer co Mnister Mr Brahmaputra eastern UttarPradesh$ V Chavan,on atour during the last 24 hours haveof the flood-affected districts led river Rapti to CrOSS thein eastern tP yesterday told UVWAHATI, 29 (PTO- danger mark by 0.2 meters atnewmenthattheWorld The Bishmaputraand BirdghetInGorokhpur, Bank aka° likely to be appora- itstributarieswererising whereasriverChitchats has chedforassistancefor shown decline since yesterday the flood-control works. menacingly disrupting at Elgin Bridge. Mt Chavan had mid that a rail and road communication soon In seveal parts of the state According to the Centralcentralteam would forthe Water CanardasioN Hardwar vir:itheflood-effected second day today, Mr according tolatestofficial received a maximum rainfallareas to assess the loss, reports reaching hem. of182 mm, followed by Jagdamblke Pal said. TheBratimaputre was GhazIpur, Sway, Jampur, Mrrhvsm also favours the flowing abovedanger andRigaullbetweento construction of dams Dibrugerhand and 100 mm. et Baal and other places levelIn Ail rivers greto control the floods, Mr Pal Neatriatighatin upper the other Assam, whileInthe 'lower flowingwithinthelife added, itffsialcts,thelevel Urnits, The State Irrigation Minister Assam whIr oftheriverwasim's( f4anwhile, the Utt or Pradesh Mr Lek Pad Tripathi, thedanger mark. Governmentisengaged alsotoured thearea, said Informulating aplantothat a plan on flood control takelong-term mesas's would be formuisted soon to check the floods In *111:14M-AR, July 29 (PTO- Gorakhpur,GondaBasit Two personssustained Sidled Nagar districts In theInjurieswhera bomb, state. believedtonevebeen The tatewouldseekplantedbysecessionists financial aid from the Centre, intheirbidtoblow up theWhiterofStets, Mr thePunjabNationsiBank e Pelt told newsmenbr.r.ch,xploded here' heretticty. late lest night.

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1 011111111111;1111 ! in 1 r 42 Q a. IuI 11 Pth t iniayrit Jill es aI ii I? if;wrimi airs a lin 2 1111la mak; a 10111 11111te nlittp paingliamidrOstidOwl/ 411 :ppm 441 retil :10 Ik :411viiiiiiiii1,11111,0111/11611.hiilithmilhoit#1111111"ifoorm golowproi 121411111111164 04101ploiporly ntibiNhullnpfug,7 tillii dm 1 IslAk tOsir le tr tat laordgilun 44101 t Fisherens' tale ofwoe ,Express News Seiviee training course there. So 1 pointedlot us. so we broke the tore attached out the direction of the Alittag forttp the boat." tie said. RA1GAD. July 31and we swam towards it.- ;alarmed) could h.ircly speak vs he -We couldie set the boat nearest It iodic ten hours before Ganeshrelieved his experience with the black to ours because it was so dark. Thecould resets the Atibag Eon after heseas. They menaced to reach sasson heavy rains and high winds churnedwrts cast 'into the rough seas. Thedocks anti found a watchnia.p of the thr sea and we didn't even have timeisland was desened as most people.defence establishment who directed to think of dying because we had toinduding die temple priest. had gonethen) to thg nearby hus stop. battle the huge waves.- say survivingto =Mama. About half-an-hour la- The fishermen. nor* getting over fishermen who encountered the cyc-te.% anotherfisherman.Vauntthe shock of their experience and lone last Sunday. Motiram Mharre of lite vinale. man-their nano* escape. have many stor- Eight days after the worst storm intled to reach the Ion. The two slepties to tell. But what they are all !wentTiMeS,which claimed the livesin' the temple. num* upset about is the failure of more than 300 fisher fotk among Genesis then l'aced aISBerentof the weather bureau to put up any theKonkan dbast. those who lived toordeal on land as he tried to securekind of warning. They are also up in tellthe tale oftheir encounter withsme &isOdft water. medical aid andarms about the lack of any coopera- Muteat its angriest, speak of thetranspon forlsisuVlf and his injuredtion from the Coast Guard.

braveryoftheircolleagues.thecollealues. . Seys .Tukaram Ramachandra Na- friends they lost and the r-aws they qva. chair person Of the Karania clutched to safety. Snarl= lanardhanMatra. ASOMachlmar Cooperative Society. . -We , _from Koracija. had left by -Vijayaki- Ganesh Moreshwar Koli. 23 years,em that -fatefut Saturday. with .nohese lost about 53 boats out of total left front Uran along with severi 62. The sutrin was approaching from warning from the weather.forecasters Saturday it- others on 'Hari Om Se on July 21.of anyI:01W **Ourordeal started onRamagiri to Raised- by. The seas were calm nith no hint aSunday night al shout 9 pm when theself. We didn'tset a single warning the impeding storm -We hadgoneworm Maned.- We struggled for ovetsignal thl Wednesday July 26.- Out :sowards Ratnagati for fishing and theten %ours. codstantly removing thedr the 450 boats trom Karanja.- 350 storm hit us on Saturday itself. (The*tier athe waves hit us but our boatleft from Sasso', Docks and the rest one reached the Raig4cm.t Ancapsized oil Monday evening and wekft front Karanja. At kao 215 have nday night). We tried to get backwere thrown into the sea. lie recalls.tiled tidy friar the Karanja boats. he to Bombay but the huge waves cap- maintains. sized our boat and six of us Mere Sitaf11111and the sewn others on his, According to Mi Naqva..on seeing thrown into the sea.- he said hal-boat were lucky La that fisherfokthe storm. a group or representatives hum the boat warm to theirs. thefrom the society met Commodore A wo others were trapped in the-ft.snrutansayb-- .threwropes andK. Sharma of the Coast Guard to Cabin and could not come out. Thcysolnaged to drag them out. Therequestboats to locate stranded sank with the boat. Ganesh said thatwater pump of thrir boat had failed.fishermen. The latter reportedly de- a small wooden box that was ftoatinatheir engine brokedown and the highlayed extending help and agreed to on the waves was grabbed at hy all sixwinds prevented them from reachingsend .hoats only on 'Thursday. after who were tossed along towards Ali-the share till Wednesday. they complained to Chief Minister bag. Near Sakar village along the'For Jagannath Khanau Bhagat. earlier. 'they had met frsherics coast. three fishermen got separatedbarely 24 years old. an attempt toMinister. . Hatankar. whowas also from the rest. rescue a boat belooging to a relative.unable to provide boats."If only the "1 lost ionfidenec when this hap-of his boat's owner. proved -dis."had listened to us. we could ha pened and through that th,was theestrous." We were nine persons onsaved more people. Now. all wecan end but somehow. I was determinedboard -Mangalmunhiand -found sb issit here and mourn our fate." to get to Alibag. 1 was familiar withthe other boas near Murud coast. Wcsaid toottier member of the coopera- the area as J had done a fisherman'sbegan lowing it hack when thc storm

G 100 Rescuework in full swing Wan page I crore made by the district admi- Bangalore-Bombay and Bombay- not yet been -able to locate the nistration. He asked the author-Bangalore Udyan Express These fishermen missing at sea. ities concerned to reassess thetrains are diverted via Dhond. Bombay- fink cut off: Road damage. Manmacl. Ighatpuri and Kalyan. and rail traffic between Pune and All the major riven in Karnata- In addition to these, conse- Bombay remained cut off for theka continued to be in spate. withquent on the cancellation of Train second day due to landslides, and their water level still ming today,No 81 Bombay-Kanyakuman Ex- derailment near Vadgaon yester- and many houses had collapsedpress leaving Bombay on July 24. day following torrential rains insince yesterday following heavythe return train No 82 kaving the surrounding region. rains in several parts of tht state. Kanyakumari on July 27 has been A report from Bombay quoted More than seven hundred peo- cancelled. the Chief Minister Shared Pawar ple were shifted to safer places it According to SouthernRail- as saying that more than 200Nanjangud town in Mysore dis-way, full refund will be made to people had been killed during the trict, as the overflowing Kabinipassengers not undertaking their past 36 hours after the cyclone. riverinundatedseveralareastourneys. The authorities have However, with reports of thethere. also nominated duty officers and recovery of over 150 bodies which Tonential rains, accompaniedopened an assistance booth to were washed away in flood waters by gusty winds, uprooted electric assist public round the clock at in Bindusaradam of Beed district and telephone poles andtrecs, Madras Central. Further informa- alone, the unofficial toll was put besides damaging a number oftionregarding theservicesat at more than 300. houses in Chikmagalur district.Madras Central can be had with Airdropped: A Hyderabad re-Landslides were reported in south thetelephone Nos 563218. port said 1AF and Naval helicop-Kanara. 567575, 567585. ters today airdropped food pack- ets over the marooned villages inTrains to Bombay Heavy rain in Nizamabaddistrictand Elurucancelled, diverted Coimbatore town in West Godavari district, Colmbatore. July 25: Valparai even as the Godavari was rising at Express News &Moe here received 86 mm rain for the many places in Andhra Pradesh. Madras, July 25: Railways havefourth day in succession. Due to A report from Munnar in Kera-cancelled opermion of six trainslandslips and falling of trees. the la said torrential rain and floodsbetween Bombay and centres inValparai-Pollachi road is still cut during thelastfive days hadthe South and divene ;threeoff for vehicular traffic. Due to wrought extensive damage in theothers till July 31 due to breachesheavy rain, schools have been high ranges in State. Mnvst allin the Pune-Kalyan sections ofdosed till Thursday. the approach roads to Munnar Central Railway. Water supply to Coimbatore with one lakh inhabitantswere The trains cancelled are: Nocity was disrupted on Monday due blocked by landslides and 9/10 Bombay-Madras Mail andto landslips and blockade of inlet breaches. Madras-Bombay Mail, 961964pipes, following heavy rain in the Strong gales accompanying the Madras-BombayChennaiandcatchment areas. Corporation au- rains blew off the roofs of severalBombay-MadrasChennaifat-thorities are working round-the- houses and uprooted trees. Many zar.957/958 /Cochin- dock to remove the blocks houses and residential colonies andDadar-Mangalore/ Thanks to recent rains, all the remained partlyorfullysub- Cochin Express, 935/936 Manga-river; and tanks in and around nierred. lore/Cochin-Bombay NetravatiCoimtatorehave feceived co- A two km-kmg stretch on theandBombay-Mangalore/Cochin pious inflow. For the first time in Kerala side of the Dorthern outletNetravati Express, 903/904 Tri-five years, Nowil stream which road linking Munnar with Udu-vandrum-Rajkot and Rajkot-Tri-has 21 small dams on its course malpet (TN) has been washedvandnun Express, 937/938 has surplus water. "This is the away. Officials estimate thatitCochin-Ahmedabad and Ahme- best year for dry land farmers- may take several eeeks to repairdabad Cochin Express. said Mr V.N. Ramaswami, Super- the breach. In addition to this, train Nos 3/4intending Engineer. PWD. Madras-Howrah-Madras Mail Heavy inflow: Following heavy "Reassess the damage": Thearriving st and departing from inflow into the Amaravathi river. KarnatakaGovernor,Mr.P. Madras Central on July 26 haveKarur town, which experienced Venkatasubbaiah. today madean been cancelled. acute water scarcity till a few days aerial survey of five rain-affeeted The trains diverted are: Nos bacii. will get abundant drinking taluks of Bider district. 11/12 Madras-Dadar and Dadar- water. Later. he told newsmen that the Madras Express, 81182 Kanyaku- People residing inlowlying damage to the crops wasmore mari-Bombay V T and Bombay V areas near Amaravathi have been than thc assessment of Rs. fiveT-KanyakU111111/iExpress, 129/130 shifted to places of safety Maharashtradeath toll crosses500 ln the industrial metropolisof centred 50 km from Ahmedabad. losbay. Nib IS WTI): In anBombay, production came to a Naval helicopters earned out disaster, Mad- unpmicedented monsoon total halt yesterday asworkemseveral sorties over Mahad over 500 peoplehave lost their khed and Nagothane areas inthe house col- failed to report for duty.Even as in flash floods, the city was limping back to nor- coastal Konkan beh andpressed lapses, landslides andelectrocu- dingys torescue rains for the mal today, a weather bureaualert intoservice tion riming incessan out to maroonedvillagers,who had last two days in Maharasinraand to fisberfolk not to venture for the sea in the next 24 bouts setoff braved the fury of thc deluge over 2,000 others weremissing. the past 36 hours. including 1 All) fishermen inthea panic. The Indian Air Forcebegan high seas, accisrding to reports According to a Bombay report. naval and air forcehelicopters relief operations in Marathwada, reaching here tonight. to especially Nanded and Beet' dis- Army, navy and airforce per-a-dropped essential items Hyderabad. ttousands of maroonedvillagers, tricts from its base at sonnel joined the state govern- Air Force helicopters alsotook relief missionswhile the army was workingwith anent in rescue and 30 off from the Oil and NatualGas oa an emergencybasis as thebulldozers to extricate about Commission's helipad in Bombay tollpeople buried by landslides at officiallyconfirmed death to airdrop 4.000 loavesof bread to rose to 336. Lonavia. villagers encircled by flood waters As mony as fourteendistricts The cyclonic storm whichis than at nearby Panvel inThane district . wen affected bythe calamitousfeared to have claimed more The Coast Guard, which swung rains and storm,with the wind 100 lives yesterday was causedby kmpb. The Bay of Bengal. into action yesterday to lOCate velocity rising to 75 a depression in the fleet of 300 fishing boatsmissing damage to crops anddestructionThe depression, which lay over has Maharashtra's in the choppy Arabian Sca. of livestock would runint,' 'soresNandurbar in Tara to page 11 of rupees. official sourcessaid. Dhule 1-.1.striC1 hat night, was now

40 Moaday's balmy rains. mar A CANAL: The tracks inBombay's Sion railway station submt4 d 11 killed as rains India lash northseveral houses wee damagedin NEW Mill, July 30. landslides yesterday. INCESSANT rains continued to In Manipur, several areas in lmphal Iparalyse normal lifr claimingI I valle; including Caine& Khurai. lives in aorth India even asthe deathShingiamei were submerged follow- in intheeidonicstrom ing breach% in the embankments. ionMaharashua mooned to676 today, leantTM. Report from Kali= said the army penons were killedand manywas called out in Manipurtoday to injured in cloudburst,house col-assist the civil administrationfor lapses and lightning inIammji andflood Mier* in Imphal after most Kashmir in the past24 houi riven were in spate inundating low- A report frOM Shimlasaid threelying areas following heavy rains for Persons wereburied alive and threethe last six days. injured in house collapsesin the Tbe toll in last week's storm in mate. Maharashua could teach a thousand Almost all the rivers and rivuktsin es so 6r 676 bodieshave been re- Punjab. Haryana, HimachalPradeshcovered, official sources said. and Jammu and Kashmir werein Meanwhile. reports from tampion widespread highspatefollowing said all the major riversin Karnataka nuns. were recedingfollowins respite from Normal lik and vehiculartraffic WiTtinia/ rains which hastaken a toll were badly disruptedin almost allof 16 lives so Car. parts of the region. The water level inthe Krishna, The Lahaul Valk;in Himachalwhich had eocircled somevillages in Pradesh was cut offfrom rest of theaijapiu district, wasalso decreasing country followingwashing away of a lane stretch atManali-Leh mad. The Delhi-Shimla andDelhi-Kulu flights of the Varidootremained suspended for the thirdday today. Tbe 300-km Srinagar-Jammtina- tional highway wu.dosedto usffic followins The weather officerecorded rainfall between 100 mm and223 mm in many pansof Himachal Pradesh Punjab, Haryana andthe Union ter- deluge ritory of Chandigarh at8.30 a.m. Villagedoomed in today. The overallfloodsituationin Valvan darn and the barrage at the pities.' for the third 'J AMA LPAJD A (Maharashtra ),only memorials to them were Assam temained mounds of mass graves packednavalinstallation,INS Shivajr. consecutive day withrail and road July 31. In the giant shadow of near Lonavala led to theunpre-' communication betweenGuwahat, the fo,3 looming overwith bloated bodies bruised bey- Barak Valley and the countryside from the Salty-ond recognition along the rockycedented flooding and upper Assam, course of the Antba river. Meanwhile, inquiries about the the rest of the northeast, still out. adari mountain range, this hamlet stacks of wood piles near the nver Brahamputril in Raigad district dating back to "It was around 3 a.m, when the Latest reports said the waters overwhelmed the villagebanks revealed that deforestation and its tributarieshad arisen further the period in Maharashtra, has been going on in the jungles to and weft flowingabove the danger has suddenly turned into a living-and many people were swept away Neamatighal and "Mohenjodaro" OT "the mound ofin their sleep." recalled Dr S. S.the south of the village since the, mark st Dibrugarh, past eight years. Tezpur. the dead" after Monday's deluge. .-Kulkarni,anayurvedicdoctor Fresh areas of humanhabitations reports PTI. practising at the village for the past This would accountfor what sad crop land havebeen engutfed by Like the rembants ofthe famed25 years, some survivors described as-mas- the flood waters,forcing people to Mohenjodaro, the extinct Indus sive flows of water from thesouth move toembankments and higher Valley civilization site now located Dr KuLtarni said he and his fami-towards the river which Nalover- reaches with theirbelongings. ly had survived only because they have been in Pakistan after Partition, thewere sleeping in the upperstoreyflowed Winks." This indicated that The district authorities ruins of this ravaged village in the thevillage waScaught in the cross keeping round-theclockvigilon worst-hit district of the State com-of their house which was on rela-currents of river waters andthe roads, embankmentsand other vut- tiv'ely higher ground. Single-storey possible mand the attention of the relief flows from Ow forest area. nerableareasagainst mew and visitors. houses to the east of the villageIt has come as no surprise to re . were just washel away bythe wa-, were breaches. their lives and ter which swept everything in itslief workers that mud houses , Five parsons km The offidial body count was 86, completely washed away in the Mr says the Deputy Collector, .Path.According to relief committeestorm. However, the fact that even Avinash Subedar, but reliable es- rainfaljseveral concrete houses suffered timates by residents put the figuremembers, 30 inches of the same fate or were severe!) of those dead at at least 150, withwithin a span of five hours asdamaged has indicated that their Entireagainst an average rainfall of eight many moremissing. inches at the village and "sus-.foundations were not sufficienti families have vanished, washed strong away with their housesand the: pected" release of waterfrum the

- 103 - DELHI, Wednesday, August 2, *tsv 1==wwilrwlmWw 3 p ; Level of r' e4 .` iv I Arm.. W4: L61:41.11:_L.._._ rwsbilaai&-All Yamuna hmw rising - .1 Express News Strati 1110141 NEW DELHI. Aug _a_141 The level of the Yamuna has risen /11=11. shghth past thc -warning.' mark. thanks to the release of 96 On CUACC4 of water frotn Tajcwala on Monday. The levelatthe Old Railway - Bridge was 20417 metres. while the warning-markis 2114 meters. Heiny rainfall in the upper catch- ment areas had resulted in the water 4.r being rekased. officials said. According to the MCD city zone "!*`-`':"f7. 10.1: committee chairman. Mr Ramesh P---r^- Dana. several hundreo jhugins at 116.e._ Yamuna hridge have tven inundated on Monday night because of thc 4._ . rising water level. gal ..21! He urged the LI-. Mr =._ Romesh Bhandart, to provide relief to tht: aftectif people

AO.

'maim ihuggi dwellers taking out their domestic effects after their hutment; submerged inBaud waters near cid Railw as Bridge ExPress photo

I `' a

RELIGIOUSOn)TOLERANCE :

THE BABRI DISPUTE Religious conflicts are an age old phenomenon to us inthe Western World. The eary Christians, persecuted in Rome,turned the other cheek or, should I say sword, when they became the state religion. Lest we forget:Charlemagne forcibly convert- ing the to Christianity, the feuda: serfs and lords,those terrible infidels in what historians titled the Crusades and, of course, thoseperiodic outbursts of antisemitism in 18th and 19th century Europe called the pogroms "bash the boys with the yarmulkes."

We look down cur arrogant noses condescendingly at thereligious violence in Beirut and the aberration in NOrthern Ireland.

The conflict between the Moslems and the Hindus on the Subcontinentdates back, I suspect, to the arrival of the first Moslems.Never resolved, it always was just below the surface held in check by the colonial administration andthe largely British- led Indian army. Tb maintain their "jewel in the crown," I suspect theBritish fostered the differences between the religions and held out the carrot of a separateMoslem state. At independerwhat was hoped to be a moment of great joybecame a scene of human tragedy almost without parallel in history.Millions died as friend turned on friend, family on family. That enmity lies just below the surface and raises its ugly head periodically. The cause often is the most trival of occurrences- averbal slight, an alleged affront, using someone else's tool,land, cow.

The Babri dispute or the making of mountains out of religious molehills has the potential to be the cause of renewed communal violence. On this holy ground, to both Mbslem and Hindu alike, the Hindu hierarchy wants to build a temple. Further stir the crisis pot with the fact that national elections are but a few months away.

1) Have the students list the; crises spots in the world today including Israel, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, N. Ireland, Nicaragua, etc. How many of these have religion as a cause or one onf the causes in the dispute?

2) See if the students can remember from history events that revealed man's religious intolerance (Crusades, Pogroms, Holocaust, Mbrmon migration, etc., etc.).

3) Readings from Vol. 2 of this effort are particularly worthy of their reading. Paiticularly graphic are passages fram Freedom at Midnight and The Last Train to Pakistan. ETERNAL INDIA : From Gsomokh, the source of the Gangs, to Gamma, these pilgrims walk, carryingOMNI, of the sacred sway water in the belief that thisact sill waqh (heir sins and ea better life lotheir next birth. TO1 photoby Sondeep Sbankar. Devotees throng Shiva temple MEERUT. July31. Over 200.000 people offered Gangs wa- ter brought in kavads from Hard- war at the Pura-Mahadeva, the senior superintendent of police. Mr ,Pandey. said today. reports PT1,. Nearly 50.000 devotees offered Ganga water at the Baba Aughar Nath Shiva temple-Kali Pa han and at Mahadeva Shiva temple in Gud ri Bazar. Two thousand police personnel have been deployed to prevent any untoward incident. No changein Hindu P' arishadplan be laid in Ayodhya onNovember 9 NEW DELHI. Aug 3this year." said Mr &initial. Mr Singhal said that a sectionof The Vishwa Hindu Parishad said Home on Thursday L. at it would goaheadthe press had been quoting the Ian-Minister as saying that the problem with its plan la build the Ram had been resolved and theHigh mabhoomi temple. irreective of theCourt would be the final arbitrator High Court vercbc n u.e subject."All I can say is thatthe Home is beyond the doma:n of theMinister is not our spokesmanand High Court to challenge the faith of a us." people", said the general secretary ofthe High Court cannot dictate to be said. the parishad. coatradicting the re- Mr Singhal said that the on/y solu- ported statement of the Home Minis- shift thr agreed totion. in fact, would be to ter that the parishad had Mosque to some other spot. "Wewill abide by the High Court judgment.help the Muslims in doingthis." he The general secretary, kir Ashoksaid. He also refused to acceptthe Singhal. said that the parishad wouldSuggestion that a national monument launch its programme of collectingbe built at the controversialsite m one brick from eachof the 5.73 lakh villages of the country and taking it toAyodhya. Ayodhya to build the temple. Mr Singhal said that the entire "Each brick will have Shri Rammachinery of the parishad would nov. be geared towards the proposed coi.- written on it in the mothenongue ofstruction of the temple.'No political the people who contribute it. From alienate us." he September 30. the bricks will startparty can afford to said. reaclunti nyodhya after they are con- The parishad ws.s also planning a secrated locally. Every person in September 17 donate Rs 1.25yatra in Delhi between every village w,..1 also and September 22,inwhich a towards the cost of the temple", saidthousand sadhus wouldparticipate. Mr Singhal. said Mr Singhal. He saaJthat the He said that the Fanshad hoped tosadhus would participate in along TaiSC at least Rs 25 lakh through thismarch and hold discussions on va- programme. apart from ensuringthe and participation of the people. "Comerious issues. including the temple what may, the foundanon stonewillthe coming elections. Don't make Babria poll issue: VP Express News Service adjustments with the Bharatiya Jana-of demands circulated hY Mr Syed ta Party. Though some people et- situation in the country. They iftged NEW DELHI. Aug 4 Shahbuddm. Mr Sayed said themeet- Mr V. P. Singh to request all parties pressed reservations aboutit.the Mr V. P. Singh, president of Jana-. ing had discussed the matterand not to Make Ratn Janmahhoorni- ta Dal. has appealed to all political+consensus at the meeting was that itopined that -appropriate demands" ,was more important to defeat the Babri Masjid dispute an election parties not to make the Babri Masjid- should be implemented. Sinceall ksue Mut th defuse ohe situation Rani Janmahhoomi disputean issue'Congress (I) and ensureonc to oneparties made pre-election promises. sontests in all the constituencies. currently tieing created. in thie coming electkins and to avoid the participants felt that Mr V. P. Mr V. P. Singh reiterated his assur- the path of confrontation. Mr V.P. Singh assured thoseSingh should persuade the Natio?! 'present that there was no questkm ance to the minorities of his party's According to a pres release of ofFront governments inexistence im- comprcnnisiN on thy party's commit- "irrevocable" commitment to secu- Janata Dal on Friday. Mr Nrigh made Mediately to takesteps to implement larism, and to ensuring them freedom ment to the minorities. He alsoes- .this appeal on Thursday evening _theFront's commitments at _ to of religious practice. He said that pressed confidencethatthe the first meeting of the nfittority cell minorities. This would increase the necessary steps would he taken to of the party. which was attended by ational Font woukl form the Gov- Front's credibility in the eyes of the constitute a special police toree com- peopk from all over the tvuntry. Theernmem ales the elections and said people. they said. prising all communities to curb com- 'meeting was called at the initiative ofthat the five party alliancewas com- Those .no attended the meeting plete and that no otherparty be munal riots. The National '.7tont had Mr Mufti Mohammed Sayed. who is included Mr V. P. Singh, Mr Yunus already promised that it would not the convener of minority cell. would included in the Front. Sakem. Mr Khursitid Ahmed. Mt Briefing press persons about the interfere with Muslim personal law. The meeting also etnioned the (ihulam Saravar, Mr I. K. Gujral. he said., policy of the party to go ic for scatdthheratisms of the meeting. MrMr R.K.lkgde, Mr Manzoor Mufti Mohammed Sayed said hereon Ahmed. Mr Irfanullah. Mr laved 'Mr Saytd, who inaugurated friday that many participants empha- the Habib. Mr Wasim Ahmed. Mr M.meeting, said that Muslims wereas sis.d the need to tackle the educa- Fernandes. tional concerned with national issues asany andsocial hackWardness Many of the participants felt thatother community. Ile criticised the amongst Muslims on a war footing. the Congress (1) would do its hest toauthoritarian attitude of the Con- divert the attention of the peoplegress (I) Covernmem and expressed In response to a question about the frcan the Bofors and other scandalsthc hope that Muslims would support Janata Dal's response to the charterand would try and communalise theJanata Dal in tht: coming elections Astrologersenter Babri dispute By ANAND I. SAHAY lady inauspicious period in which Wminorities ate not expected to take could still argue that inaugurating the The Than sI ladia News Service begin constroctine the temple. kindly to this. In either, event, thebuilding effort for the temple be Accordingtothisview,government would have to failed to NEW DELHI, August I. taken up only when "uttarayan" sets "dakshinayae would give way toimpms the dectorate. in. F all thaw. a new astrological "unarayana" only in February next Itis smatl wonder then that the m* is espected to be injected The religknis leaders are believed to 0 year. If organisations determined to government is believed to have taken have into the vicious Ram lanambhoorni- press ahead with construction arr begunworkon the a keen interest in mobilising the "dakshinsyan" Babri Masjid dispute, mod this should made to hah in their stride in defer-opinioe of the religious pundits. The "intaranayan" cause the ruling party to heave a 40 ence to the pundits, the governmentUnion home minister. Mr Bute syndrome more then a month aso, of whet; would have saved itself a great deal Singh, is understood to have metsources noted. The need for it was Some SO "lesding"Hindu of troubie in UP on the eve of the some of the Ecclesiastes felt because the decision of the law astrologers, &Monomers andre- nest general election, due about that courts could not be taken for granted. !igloos foundations are understood to time. The Shankaracharya of Kanehi, one A law number of pundits had to be have deternined that in relation hi of the four high priests of traditionalapproached for their view to avoid a Deepening of the communal divideHindu onhodoxy,issaid to becontroversy in an issue which it the Sun, the Earth would be in its is the last thing the government "dakshinayan- phase in the winter, among those who believe that layingsensitive and lisbfe to be challenged As opposed would be looking for just before thethe foundation stone of the proposedby interested political groups if the tothe"uttarsyan", poll, for it is a loss, no matter what "dakshinayan"isconsideredin- Ram tem* at Ayodhya duringopieion were to come only froma If houble starts when the temple is"dakshinayan" would bode iN for thehandful of persons enjoying religious auspicious. And this is where politicsbeing comes in. inauguratedwithbricksshrine.Interestingly,theauthority. brought (tom all over the countryShankaracharya had initially Melted Since the Vishwa Hindu Perished, and consecrated with "Gongs jar Those mobihsing opinionare also RSS sad kindred oiganisations have the endeavour. uedentood to have taken the pima- choten a date in early November to (Ganges water), is Hindu "com- If the line goes through, the govern- moner organisations have planned, non of 'amen% the views ofre- leythe foundation stone of the ment would have bought precious ligious sclioters across the country, and Joe police is brought in to quell time, forit sees its best bet in proposed Ram temple, at "Ram possible Sohn& the sovernment ac- making it a irefully seircied 'ran- Janambhoomi- inAyodhys, and postponins a controversy should itdom' sample, in osier to place the lion is certain to so down badly withcome to that, till seer the Poll. thus raised the PrnsPects ofcom- themajority issue beyond challenge. munal tension developins, the gov- communityina Astrology is a safe line to take, for surcharged stmospheee. The only "variable" not taken into ernment is especled to take refuge in itis proof even spins the law. acunint aped now is the reaction of the traditionalist sigunwnt that the On the other hand, if thegovern- Should the courts, now looking at the the minorities ment remains quiescent, and allows whether, they too, "dakshinayana" would be a singu- complicated case, devide in fa. our oflike the government, would be happy the temple ceremony to premed, thethe "Hindu" view, the traditionalists for the breather. THEE TIMES OF INDIA, BOMBAY, TUESDAY, Amin s, 1989

THE TIMES OF INDIA

2 trbougbt for CARP The szcaretdsuccess in life is known only to those who have 101 CHIMTON COLLINS Reassuring Fmdings The extensive survey on the Babri Masjid-Ram Jan- mabhoomi dispute conducted by this paper's correspondents and reported in today's issue arm somereassuring findinp. Given the prospect of a general election smile months from now, there is every danger of the dispute being exploited by political parties to garner votes, even if the communal temperature rises alarmingly as a consequence of doing so. In fact, one of the survey's findings is tha! voters haveno illusions about all patical parties, except those on the left, playing commuml politics to win electoral pins. Fortunately, the survey indicates that in most of the country, the dispute is not much of an issue. In parts of only threr states U.P., Gujarat and Maharashtra people fed stror.sgly about it to the point of being divided on religious Even here, moreover, it is among those who are br:ier informed, read newspapers and live in cities and tows that such strong sentiments mostly exist. No less heartrAing is the discovery that while religious and political leader, are, for obvious reasons, quite workedup about the dispuv., the average villager, townsmanor city- dweller is rather indifierent to a What this means in pract;cal terms is that the chances of communal passions riding high on the issue an: negligible, unless political parties, aided by religious leaders, go about systematically stirring themup in the coming months. It is vital for all parties to agree immediately to keep the dispute out of electoral politics altogether. The Janata Dal leader, Mr V. P. Singh, has congratulatedtheIIIP on its apment decision not to make its ampaign issue. But such a decision should also exclude bringing it up in any form, direct or indirect. For instance, the RIP president, Mr L. K. Advani, said in Madras thatthedisputed site should be handed over to the Hindus through anegotiated settlementHe also said that the effort by the RS1 and the VHP to build a temple there with specially blessed bricks from all over the country wouldnot aggravate communal feelings. Such remarks cast serious doubt on the BJP's professed willingness not to politicise the issue for dectoral purposes. Such unanimity by the political parties, Which can be atta:rrd through a meeting of theirrepresenta- tives convened for the purpose, would completely isolate the Carc111.41 ps, Muslim or Hindu, which have a vested interest in the dispute alive. Thus, while tlw maw is before the Allaha high court,the VHP has slresdy made it plain that it willnot accept its verdict All the more mason, then, for the VHF and those who think like it to be ostracised hy all mainstream parties througha studious refusal to bring the dispute into the arena of electoral politics.

113

1ai Babri dispute notamajor issue wen widely awareof the controversy Against the background of the and will mint when thetime comes. Rabri Matiid-Ram JanamMomni In pnparation for thrtime, be controversy, are communal issues COMMUNALISM said, the RSS has toured2,600 vil- likely to play a grester role in the lages in 10 taluks ofGulbarp, Bi- Orthcoming elections than earlier Apar and Bider, coveringpeople in ones? WINS correspondents visited 1,500 villages. 70 towns and villages in 15 suites to Main findings InBboPal the VHPworking prni- find out. * In the major part of the country,theBabri Maijid-Ram dent, bir Ansarehand Ajmers,a 65- NEW DELHI. Jananibboomi controversy is not an issue. year old retiredbusinessman fees AiAV:usitENESS of the Babri * Clear north-south, urban-rand divide on awareness of the con- passionatelyabouttbeAyodbya 'id-Ram Janambhoomi troveray. issue. But his views were notreflected dispute and heightened senti-' * Religious and political leaden perceive the issue to be more in the cspital and drew acomplete widespresd and deeply-kit than the average person. blank in the villagesof Madbys meats over it follow a definite , Pradesh. pattern in the cities andvillages' * More heightened sentiments over 'be issue among educated, Prahlad Nagar newspaper-reading public. In the villages of covered in 16 states. Southern and Andhanne in BiblesNoor Sarai states, including Kerala, Tamil * Has itsulted in communal polarisation in pans o( UP, Clidarst and Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Maharashtra where it is likely to be a major electoral lector. See Edit: Reassuring * Except for left parties all :tical parties expected to play the Findings, Page 12 Pradesh, as stll as states like communal card if it suits West Bengal, Assam and Jammu block of Wanda district, most in. and Kashmir, have barely beenagitated. nada districts of Karnataka, the dis-habitants were riot aware of the scarred by tin "mitroversy. Then is also a distinct divide inpute is a non-issut. oontreveny and showed little interest However, in Ur, (Worst and pansperceiving how widespread aid deep- D. G. Saps, the Dalit Sangharsbin it. Those who bad heard about it, of Maharashtra, the issue evokesly-klt the controversy is hewn=Samiti convenerof°Whelplike Bitnandan Singh, a graduate strong sentiments, has led to con-religious and political leaden and thedivision admitted that the averagefirmer who beads the Noor Sang ..iderabk polarisation among the twocommon man and woman. The fir-person was unconcerned abouttheblock committee on tbe 20-point major communities and is likely to bcmer, all over India, perceive it to bedispute. His views were endoned bYprogramme, had either mad about it BB imponant electoral thaw. far more prevalent than it seems fromG, Sung Prabbu (33) mandalzin the papers or beard of it throueb Even in those MUM however, it isthe response of the avant peracm.chayst member in Gamin. -hbours or acquaintances who had more of an issue in the towns and In ay all-Muslim vEllar in NorthDakshin district. visited Ayodhya cities rather than in the villages.Arcot district, Tamil Nadu, villagers In Kashmir, few villagers are swan Mtn totally unaware of the dispute. But the divisional orpniser of theof the details of the dispute. As Dr Within the cities,itis the more RSS inGulbarp,MrMan- educated, newspaper reading public,In llanplore and the villages of the)unathuwamy. insisted the* rook (Costioned aa Page 10) who is more informed and moreGallatin, Hassan and Dakshin Kan- - 115 - - 116 - I

1 r-4N I Butawarns Babri agitators Tbe Times of India Nees Servke started thinking that the Faizabad courtverdictintheLIM NEW DELHI, August 7.lanambhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute rrHE government will not allowcould also be altered. .1. anybody to play with law and He said the govatiment should order situation in the context of thehave adopted the same attitude Ram Janambhoomi-BabriMagidtowards this issue as was adopted by dispute, the home minister, Mr ButaMr lawahsrial Nehru End Sardar Singh told the Parliament today. HePatel towards the famous Somnath also reiterated that efforts would con-Temple in Gujarat immediately after tinue to evolve a negotiated, mutu-the country attained independence ally acceptable solution. Qtir* from official records, he said He said so in response to the con-Sardar PaW-, tbe then borne minister, cern expressed by memben in bothkad announced while visiting the the Houses over the the repottedtemple site thst it would be re-built threat of the Vishwa Hindu Perishedby the government. It wss not the (VHP) to go ahead with tbe construc-question of Hindus or Muslims but tion of a temple at the disputed siteof the "Vandalism of history" which irrespective of the verdict of the highneeded to be concord irrespective of court which was going into the case.whether it belonged to the Somnath While the issue came up in theTemple or the Ram Janambboonu, Rajya Sabhafor a dulled dis-he said. cussion, spanning over two days, it CONGRESS BLAMED was raised in the Lok Sabha during Of the lane number of speakers on the Zero Hour by Mi Saifuddin Sozthis subject today, the opinions were (National Congress), Syed Shahabud-sharply divided on party lines. How- din (Janata) and Mr G. M. Banatwala!Vet, the opposition members we (Muslim League)- united in asserting that it was the Congress which was to be blamed for Mr Soz, as also several members inthe raise of fundamentalism in the the Upper House, accused the VHPcountry. The tiding party members of spreading anarchy by declaringmade a counter-allegation, charging that it would not accept the court'sthe opposition with exploiting com- verdict. He also nrcalkd 2 recentmunal sentiments for narrow politi- statement of the IMP president, Mr L K. Advani, in which be wascal pins reported to have said that Muslims should offer Babri Magid to the Hindu through a negotiated settle- ment Mr Banatwsla said that trans- porting of bricks from different parts of the country was cresting a volatile situation and should, therefore, he banned. COMMITTED TO CONSTITU- TION Mr Advani, one of the main awak- en from the opposition benches in the Rajya Sabha, stated his !potty's stand and asserted that the RIP was committed to the Constitution which was wedded to secularism, equality toallreligions and freedomof worship. The BJP was in agreement withotherpartiesthatnothing should be done that would disrupt communal harmony in the country. Criticising the igovernment, Mr Ad- vanisaidithad committed the yeatest blunder" and had done disservice L., secularism by amending the Criminsl Procedure Code in 1986 after the Supreme Court judgement inthe bano case. This had created a communal lobby which

s - 118 CASTE AND OUTCAST

- 119 - The caste system in India was legislatively outlawed in cne of India's first actions as a democratic nation. As in our own experiences, the legislating of morality is difficult, at best, and does not really remove the centuries of past practice.

Apartheid of South Africa, America's racial segregation of the 19th and 20th centuries, and India's caste system are at times lumped together. There are similarities in that each is a manifestation of discrimination by one human to another human. The caste system, like South Africa's apartheid, covers/covered every aspect of a perscn's life. gouth Africa's system, however, was designed to politically, socially, and economically keep the Black majority powerless. EVery person was born into a caste and his/her complete life was regulated by his/her membership in that caste. India's caste system evolved over centuries but was clearly attached to the dominant religion Hinduism. Perhaps all of this is too wordy and even a bdt confusing.

Suffice it to say, it was the basic framework of Indian society, and provided people with a sense of total security. COuntless norms, applied to every aspect of life for every caste member, therefore your life was clearly defined. With your reincarnation determined by your observance of the rules, organized religion made its impact felt.

1) A comparison of the European feudal system with the relaticnship of lords to serfs could be compared to the relationships between various castes in India.

2) As expressed above, a comparison of apartheid, 19th century U.S.A. especially in the south or the 20th century urban north, to the Indian caste system in the form of a chart along political, social, economic lines oould be undertaken.

3) For the more sophisticated student our affirmative acticn programs could be compared to India's scheduled castes receiving "X" nuMber of si?.ats, jobs, positions, etc

4) Role playing - assign kids to particular castes and tell them several of the rules of/for social interaction. Let the kids feel the slings and arrows of institution- alized prejudice.

120 -1 Sunday Review Caste is their onlycrime

f' Who says untouchability is a thing of the past? In many parts of the country it still exists, though lawfully banncd, due to the need for "scavengers" to service the hundreds of dry latrines used by the population. Institutionally as well as traditionally, untouchables have always been hired to do the job, therefore no amount of government policies to uplift this sectian of society has helped eradicate this deeply ingrained caste bias. -`t Bindeshwar Pathak assesses the current status of Haiijans. UN111. a few years aim habits, lack of education and the covers of inland lower standard of livingare re- Despite sustained efforts ofthe kfters used to carry sponsible for many o( their Ms". provisions for securing justand Oandhiji's Union and state governments,human conditions of famous Of course, untouchablesor the number of untouchables has work and vines*: "Un- Article 46 stipulates thatstates their &milks are no looser de- hardlydwindled.Theonly touchabWty is a mime against nied water from villase wellsor must promote the interests ofthr chanp that has taken placeoverwiskersections, God madam". The discontinua-kept ar an arm'a length inmar- the Ams it that earlier they particularly tion itif this mess* and thrkets or social ptherinp but they were scheduled castes andscheduled abserioe;of any orpnised move- openly derided; now under thetribes and protect them continue to suffer due toa deeply threat -of law, they front went Oragitationbyun- are treatedsocial itustice. ingrained bias asainst them. with *serve bonderingon con- touchablesthemselves against All this dies in the het of tempt' their pliebt might suuest the rvil 1N no other country, iswive Anicle 17 of the Constitution It h estimated that thewart no longer exists. Untouc1tet41ity which provides for the abolition aging amalgamated with thr Over 15 lakls untouchables who evil structure of cane mid however, vontinues to ,ialk tileof untouchability. Article 42re- efttinite to arty nightsoil country. quiresthestates as untouchability AS is thecase I , tomak, headkiads asa means of airniftIndia. The communities enpeed their livelihood. Ow of 3,245in scsvenOng are at the lowest urban Isettlements in India, onlybottom of the social hierarchy. 217 lave seweragetheffities Caught in the quaemire of miser- rJt)%faek Iva** to Jun about orie-fitthable living and workinecon- ow% of the ilopulationhitheseditions, theylivein sepuste cents& Wherever there is 111111111_ nolocalities segrepted from the sewer*, there am dry latrines main settlements. wrviced by what an calledun- Intownsandcitiesun- mmuai tbuchables. touchables live in slums, devoid It lk little comfixt to know that of the basic amenities. the ihoblent is not uniqueto Notwithstandine thesocial- IndintThereare u many, aa 25istic rhetoric of our politicians, other backward countries,wherescaveneers do not have access to peopW depend on dry latrines. the state-sponsored welfare But *tile the total Dubberofschemes, either due to official people using dry privies in Indiaapathy or their locational isola- k about five cram, thereare onlytion. . 37 close people in the rest of the Looking at the magnitude of world who have to dependon thethe problem, very little has been services of these "scavenaert". done to solve it so far. Under About two lakh untouchables the Protection of Civil RightsAct. are engaged in clearing niOtsoil 1955, untouchability isa Crime from as many as 60 lakhbucket 'privise in the whole and nobody an be deniedter- country ofvice, on the ground oftheir which five lakh aloneare inprofession in a shop, hospital, Delhi. Notwithstanding claims Or toany public place or theuse of the contrary, those engaged in village well or evenentry to a this pioikasion contiaueto be temple. victing of untouchability inone Sometime Alm 'ere du other. ago, Swami Agnivesh andsubsequentlysev- W116: the Backward Classeseral other organisations massed Corn &lesion *Tote about them in Harijan welfare leda group of in 1946 is true even today. Thethem into the famous Nathdwara camp' Won had stated: "Thetemple. That there wasno or- on of bitongit is extremelyganised resistance on thepan of and the betterment ofcastein Hindus or temple priests this hfortunite section is one ofto such a publicised show only the h.needs. When com-wryest° delude the people about pared wit. the average income ofthe actual plight of untouchables. the comition people, the earnings History reveals that household of the Mi, attached to localprivies were not part of Indian bodies and municipalitiesmayculture and tradition in thepast. not perhaps be very low. Yet theIn the Arthashastrs of Kautilya condition of these people is mis-(320 BC) of the Maurysperiod. erable. Drinking and gambline defecation in public AwesOr

122 leach pits should be provided for converting dry latrines into water flush units. Inthefifth five:year plan in 1975state gOvernMents were near mervoirs was prohibited. cystif scavengingisto beaskedto provide communit) col- With the advent of the Muslimeradicated by the end of this lection tanks and carriage oftheir mobile vacuum erabuCketprivieswerein- century because with the present ctintentsin "traduced in many houses. mainly rate of conversions.'it will taketanken to oxidation ponds for for the convenience of women in more than half * century to'whine. Some 30 towns were selectedin ,thecouNtry- and purdah. Consequently, the lowest eliminate scavenaina. In the sixth and seventh five- provided 100 per cent ;rant tbr awes Of POWs were assigned the year plans there was a provision this provision. But this scheme meanest task of scavenging. With for Rs 4.690 aost for urban was also not successful in ending subsequent urbanisation.thesys- water supply and stymie. ofthe evil. tem increased rapidly and has which nearly Rs 938 crort were brought in the present chaotic for sewerage. A major portion of EREVER voltentary situation. this could have been divertedto tocial organisations Although the eradication oftheconversion programme by steppedin. thegovern- ecaveneing and rehabilitation ofnot taking up any towns fprment% efforts started showing scavengers havenow been in- sewerage but concentrating only some results. For instance, the cluded in the revised 20-pointon rehabilitaion of.existing sew- pioneering wort done by the prosranime,the approach of the eragewhereitisabsolutely Harijan Sevak Sangh in Gujarat suthoriues tothe problem re- needed.. succeededinlarr-scale'con- mains muddled. For instance, if Attempts have been made in versionsof bucketprivies into the government really wants tothe pan to improve the working flush systems .SimiLarly useful ser- end the evil, why should munici-conditions of scavengers. Thgy vice was rendered by the Gandhi pal bodies all over the country were provided with gloves, gum Smarak Nidhi in Maharashtra. keep scavengers on their pay rp111 boots,collectionimplemems. Bihar provided another instance Instead they should embark on covered buckets snd wheel bar- of a major dynamic nature..The vigorous programme for con- rows. During the Gandhi Bihar Gandhi centenary commit- version of dry privies into sani- centenaryyearin1969,thetee gave Icy Fixity th the tary toilets emphasis was on the emancipa- Shansi Mukti Programme and The availability of scavengers tion of scavenaers The govern- also identified latrine conVersion who do not charge much for their ment offered 25 pa CCM subsidy as the quickest and most effective servicesmainly becauseofthe and73 per centloanforcon- wily ofachieving the objective. salaries they receive front local version of dry latrines into a With the emetgence of Sulabh bodies acts as a disinceinive for water flush toilet and its connec- Shauchalaya Singh's% (Sulabh the people to go in kr conversion tion to pubhc sewer. International) as a dynamic vol- of dry privies into other fonns of Another attempt was madeuntary body with a nucleus of toilets involving leaching pits or m end the system bydedicated workirs the program- sec ianka promoting a siaecial campaien for me insiie much headway from )t is estimated that now about conversion of dry privies into4 971 Rs 15 to Rs 16 awes are beine water flush units. The slate oov- There arenearly 60 lakh spent by the Central and state ernments were specifically asked ballet privies in the country. eovernments on the welfare of not to aSow construction of new The eyeing cost of conversion is scavengers and thr financing dry buildingswithotn water 'flush":Nat gs 1.700 per unit. Con- toilet conversion programmes. toilets. Intheunseweredarms, it sideringthe escalation of-Prices- This sum, however, is Mot&was summed, septic trAs orthe average coat of cbaversions THE TIMM OF NM. SUNDAYJULY 9, 19r9 may be assumedat Rs 2,000. Thus the total andthreeUnion territories. cost of conversion Provision made is ',cavity subsidisedbr the mu- would be about Rsaoo awe. in the wreath it ea rid tgy Experience shows plan under theCentro By-epos- yPI% 441=1:0 that the cost sewed schemes for ofrehabilitating scavengers scavengen is the individual house would be about 33 Rs 39 craws. addition. manybo - per as; of thisoases are alio financing although illegally) thelocal . amount. Thus a total sum of Rs toilet body itself is making 0500 crore will be conversionprogrammes Boni ravening needed for thetheir own funds finanateirmoreattractive.The programme to eradicatescams- &a that . mg ia the country. salory per masais However. it is unfortunate vat from the gam!maw,of Under the Centrally-sponsor- thatthe local body costribusid attempts to eradiatescavenging bythe same house-ownersas property tax and other leviesis mkt= radioed. Attempts haTbeen Unless thecoot of colvanion made in thepast to into a water-awllatrine is hes improve theworking subsidised, it wouldbe difficult to persuade the householderto conditions of switch over toany augury sys- tem. Even noussad subsidies scavengers. They air were provided dread, the various with gr medlars! ibestalitiesare too gloves,gum boots, cumbersome andtime-comm. collection implements, Also. thee hconsiderable covered scepticism aboutthe design and bucketsand wheel worting of thecheaper hand- barrows. flushtoikt maimAnother During the name for Warts=as thipart Gandhicentenaryyear of the householderb the lowcost in 1969, the of maintainingend darias the dry toiletsat some pima government offered 'Only coalour social scientists , 25 per cent subsidy and stmdry othermats advise and 75per cent loan the primnesson measures that can end tbe curve offensrarioss for conversionof dry on samengere Lamarch 1913 latrines intowater the then RimeMinister, Who flush toilets Gandhi, whilereplying toa goes. . tics on the needkr Aondagof nomm ac=ettold Parliament ad schemes for h autscioss ofthis libantios ofamoot waled easily for Bic!, andue have dimmed this ictvettiers, the ministryOf mi. the el Bur. opt has cootintres to be institutor:shiedmany times aod thereis so doubt released nahly Rs.inmalty phces. this is a dhsrace 32.5 trayu grant-in-aid ftm The wbasshordd be eradiated aid it 1980-111 to March linusehower 104tba hacks latrine as oar& as I 91111 forGoo- system loob apas it pomade. Youcannot ban a thing vetting bucket.privies topour m a mawunless you provide Bush waterseal ary an ahentstive units to IIstates Intere the conservaney lc." But bowhog will sesvicegovernment take the 9 hurt in casty clash Express News Service Timid, July 24: Nine persons were injured in clashes between caste Hindus and Harijam at Olappaadi village, pear Kunnam in Perambalur taluk, about 55 km from here, on Sunday afternoon. Three houses in the Harijas col- ony were also damaged. Forty two petsons 22 Hari- jans and 20 caste Hindus were arrested in this connection. Police pickets have been posted at the village. It is learnt that the two groups had differences over laying a pathway to the Harijan burial ground. The Hindus alleged that the Harijans had taken more land than that earmarked by revenue officials in for the pathway. On Sunday, some caste Hindus had allegedly teased two Harijan girls passing through their streets. This sparked the dash and two groups of about 100 eachpelted stones at each other. Seven Harijans and two caste Hindus were hurt in the melee. Tiruchi SP K.Thukkayandi and 'the Ariyalur RDO visitedthe spot. Efforts to convene a peace com- mittee meeting are now on. Tackle the basc causes rr HE naxalite problem inAndhra Pradesh show s no sign of abating in spite of Mr. RamaLte.0 announcement of ass amnesty andthe consequential surtc17s1" of somL ofthe activists. The latest incident is theI:kin:Irv-1F and subse- quent release of Mr.kaji Reddi. Mandal Praj.. Parishad president in Warangal district. Tnenaxaiites who had kidnapped him demanded ajudici;.-;inquirint.:the disappearance of two of their memberswho, ac.:ording to them, had been arrested lastDecember and are feared to have been subsequentlydone to death by the police. Mr. Reddy's release followed the governmentannourKement of a judicial inquiry.There had been sint!,.srlodnarpingc earlier. One of the kidnapped persons. i. N1.11h;i: Rao. was killed by his captorswhen the oental:i w as not conceded. 'The kidnappings highlight a problemthat Kis been plaguing Andhra Pradesh for quite sometime 1 the disappearance of activists, generall naNaines.tal.en into or believed to be in police custody A v,triant 0:trus the death of such activists in 'encounterswith :lit In the present case, the governrier,tconsistent: th.o. thk two activists had everbeen in police cust:,..1and turned down all demands for a judicialinq.1ir. Fot,r k,dnarpings and one killing later. it has relentedTh ITILU'leT tactics nor good governance. If th: go\ :rnrren: there was anything suspicious ahou.the circumstar,:e ot the disappearance of the two activist. anisiquirs should have been ordered much earlier.To Lonc.:de such a demand under duress does not sreakwdl of ILL goern- ment's functioning. The fundamental causesth.lc gi% e rise to the naxalite movementhave to bc tackled. 1!ie arnnest% is a step in the right direction butthe state go% ernment must go much farther. 0101 (ay, ,o/r)

126 1'1 f; vacanciesfor SCsin DelhiAdmn 11122 fill uphour. Administration. of the Delhi Administration to The Ione BIP memiser. Mr karan Express News Service thereserved vacancies. In the local bodies similarly hourSingh Tanwar. who could notbe NEW DELHI. Aug 1total emriasees strength was over Earlier dunng the question suspended on Monda walked into has a grilled she Execu- The Delhi Admielistration 1,20 lakh and a total backlogof 6.879too the members the House much to the consternation Councillor(Education).Mr 'backlog of 11.122 posts reserved forScheduledCasteandScheduledtive and embarraswnent of airtio.1all the andScheduled Kulanand Bharativa. on the inability. ScheduledCastes Tribe posts to be filled bepartment to fillTreasury members.including.thc Tribes which have remained vaeant :The employees' strenph in auton,of the Education of teachers, vice-Chairman himself for several years now.the Chiefvinous t-Idies was3.1,3. extludingup reserved posts Mr Tanwar walked into the1-louse Par- principals and principals Executive Council kn. Mr Jag daily wage earners. and abacklog of and asked the Chairmanwhyhts vesh Chandra said. 832 Scheduled Ciste andScheduled Replying to a question Mr Kula-colleagues had been turned owof thc state- Mr Chandra was making a Tribe vacancies required tobe fillednand Bharanya said that by theendHouse, The Chairman and thcrul ment on a calling attentionmotK,n in of August the Administranon*ouldparty members lost no timeand al House onuP. Caste and the Metritan Council appoint 776 Scheduled thehint from the Chairman.Nit Themotion was brought The Chief Executive Councillor He also resolu- Tuesdav. said that the 1969 Roster Plan sug-Scheduled Tribe teachers. Nand Lai Chute Ihn moved a together by Mr Babu Ram So lento. assuredthatin case Scheduled Tribe tanwar's suspcn. Gurbasgested bY the Central Government tion seeking Mr Mr Bhonri Lal Shastn. Mr eandidatei wen not available againstsion. Immediate!,the Chairman put Singh. Mr R N Chandeliyaand Mt Phad not "been stnctly adhered to. reserved post. a Scheduled Tribe the marshal, arising in Mr Chandra said that since thea it vote and signalled C Kaushik or thc situation candidate might be consideredwith-who lifted Mr Tanwar and took.him backlog in1969 roster system had not been the Administration due to out&reservingthe post and vice out of thc House ofScheduledstrictiv adhered to and this had re- therepresentation sulted in accumulation of a hugeversa. " Caste and Scheduled Tribecandi- Hc also said that the Administra- Whileleavingthe House Mr 1.1n- dates in the Administrationservices.backlog. the Central Government ruleswar raised slogan-Raps Ciandhi had sent a countrywide directive andtion wasconsidering simplifying Giving a breakup. MrChandra to appoint teacher's inthe reservedchar hal-. said that thc total strengthof em-a drive was on tofill up these Interesting Is Mr Tams ar had von quota. 1 c% ployers in the Delhi-Administration.vacancies as well as to systematise the House ran smoothly and ad-little cause to the Chairman on roster and pot allow any moreback- 'The had hren mcluding the police services. was journedearlywhat withtheOpposi.day in comparison to %hat 85.000 while there *as abacklog of vacant but for a shorthappenms in the House inthe pre- ILassured that the Administra .nonbenches 1.369 Scheduled Casteand 2.018 while immediate)) after the questionvious days Scheduled Tribe posts vacantin-thelion would pressurise aided schools

127 1 ,1 PROBLEMS APLENTY

- 128 14S increasing local taxes. I understand, I face traffic jamsdaily; I "bitch" about and I attempt to do mybit by trying to save to a degree, theenvironmental issues, Nature Conservancy,etc., and placing my the pandas, giving moneyto Greenpeace, be collected by thetown. The plight of the papers inappropriate receptacles to statistics frighten thisburgled homeowner; hcreless in the cities concernsme; crime are bumped,jostled into my head Ps I the crumblinginfrastructure of our urban areas cross the 59thStreet Bridge. problems facing theSubcontinent's nations, it When seeing andreading about the the Long IslandExpressway and my pdaced in quick perspectivethe horn blaring on problems we have plus some. Of course, $700 increase in taxes. India has all the chuckle. However, third world elephants rampaging throughfarmland receives a universal should core to gripsand try to understand nations have problemsuniquely theirs and we sterilization deaths,diarrhea deaths, overflow- their plight: Child bondage, slaveiy, cribs, police brutality,drug abuse, teacher ing sewers, infantdeaths in hospital strikes, bus fatalities. society, and using these make a list of theproblems facing our 1) Have the students facing India. newspaper clippingsidentify the ones India, and present it tothe class with 2) Have each studentselect a problem facing possible solutions. society, and see the local papers aboutprch7clos facing our 3) Collect articles from if India is facing anysimdlar ones. 844 sterilisation deaths NEW DELHI, Ausust I. mEARLY 844 peopk have died as a result of sterdisation during the last three the minister of state for health. 1:tr Rafique Mem said in a written nety in the Rejya Sabha, ref or, ,fetIMS. He saie :47 peopk died in 198647 and9in 1987-81. A sum of Rs. 10.000 was paid to legs) heirs of the deceased. The government was con- sidering requests received from tbe states to increase the amount of es- grata,

-§

- 130 151)

4 1 Dismal failure? Washington, July 20 (PTI): The A study conducted in Rajasthan Indian family planning program- showed that the women who me, which gobbled up a w :ng underwent the operation, "be- 24 billion wets till the end the sides being treated like cattle," Sixth Plan, had been "a dismal were not even paid the promised failure," says Pradeep S. Mehta, sum. general secretary of the Consum- In March 1989, the Rajasthan erUnityandTrustSociety Government admitted there had (CUTS). In a paper presented to the been 94 female deaths in family planning operations dunng the general assembly of the World last three years. Future Sc -4ety, he said 38 rats after launching the programme, A fifth of the 132 camps, sur- India's population was stillin- veyed by the Indian Council of Lreasing at 17 million a year. Medical Research, did not have The main reason for the failure Life-saving drugs and screening for was that vasectomy operations detection of anaemia, hyperten- were unpopular, as men feared sion and diabetes. In ant-third of loss of strength and libido. There- these, the equipment used for fore, women wereforced tosurgery werc either nut sterilised undergo tubectomy. or imporperly sterilised.

- 131 15i 12 killed in mishap DHAKA, (PTV- At lust 12 people 7..killed in accident war killed and injured in a bus eight -ASPUR, (MP) (UNI): 'Seven aaident on Dhaka-ebittagong high- two women and a in Brahmanbaria district today. VD*, including way child, were killed and 20 injured. sources said. Another report a men - truck passen- anid were killed 50 m when carrying eight people dashed a tree at Sakn a a canal col- gers against nfter road bridge on here police in northern district of stibige near yesterday. lapsed fainalpur said. cm Thursday last. today CHILD:Bondage of India's Poor (Continued from Pogo I) he said. "If there is any robbery. they blame us, and if we end up at tea boys, tire or motor repairmen,the station, we have to pay MO or cleares of floors and toilets. And300 mica to get out" tb dam mnicrity work as agricul- Despite the millions al working tural laborers in a country that ischildren, the government has still 80 percent niral. passed only limited legislation It is one of the strain/ contrssts with the issue. The majority of contemporary Indian societyof .".1children are DOI pro- that for every child of the newly tected at Others rod the condi- emerging middle class then aretions al their work theoretically four who =Zan at or below theregulated, but not prohibited. official poverty line Officials have conceded that the Scrap, 13, and his older brotherenforcement of the legislation is provide the only support for their family in a densely , . the north_ An official for an international packed neit organization said the 1986 Child an edge New Delhi, about anLibor Act bad been aimed at pre- hour from the wide boulevardsventing hazardous work and at al- around Parliament rod =Or fed-leviating work conditions in other eral buildinp. &TULL Soraju has been working as a "But how do you enforce if"' the ragpicker for six or seven years. Heofficial asked. "Parents need mon- used to earn about 5 rupees a day,ey, and children will go to work." but now be gets 15 wen. "I give it all to ma..," be said. Under the Child Labor Act, an- t of children under the age "My older brother maka troubler:ifit'ir le:prohibitedin certain haz- sometimes, though, and doesn't'Mous industries, such as mining. give the money." construction and transporution. In Many of the 700 families in le- other industries, work is limited to har eirpuri make their living by rag- six hours with an hour of rest and is pickiag, one of the feat jobs open to banned between 7 P.M. and 8 A.M. the group ci poor Bengali Muslims But, at best, the act covers only who came to Ne* Delhi in the early about 20 percent of the child work- 1970s. ers in India, and it has spurned a T&I, initially settled in make-debate in which critics chew that shift slums east of the city, but theby regulating work conditions for New Delhi administration movedsome children, the government is them to the newly built Jehangir-sanctioning child labor. puri, where they could buy two- A kcy policymaka in the Minis- room brick huts for about 200 ru-ny of Labor, Mama Gupta, said pm a month, paid out OM 10 orthe government was de.png ex- 12 years. perimental programs under which Every morning. sometimes uInspectors would be hid to early as 3 A.M., the children ofdeal only with child.0. And with special funds from in- joihya.trPur10iorsT5ead cutsday.thlye ternational organiutions, the gov- undergo constant harassment fromailment is also developing model the pobor and suspicion from gui-schools and welfare programs in 10 de:tits of more affluent communi-cities known for their high levels of ties. child labor. But critics have Salim. 19, said the children's big-charged that the programs are slow gest problem is the police. to get off the ground and only "'We get beaten up all the time,"touch a limited number of children.

133 4 INDIANEXPF1ESS, NEW DELHI, Friday, July 7, 1989 Another patternof . NEW DELHI, picture. Het dress - a tom shirt overindustrial activity: and (E ) marginal an underwear and a tattered mufflerworkit may be irregular or of short Balika Tukaram , term nature such as sbocshining or liukhrajwa. &mit* Hirachand, -hanging frosn the neck - is a ploy to mania and Sukhram from India andhide hes gender for fear of sexualrag-picking etc. Pakistan's Zia and Abbas have oneexploitation, which spin is not an Tbc child bonded 'labour system in common: they are bondeduncommon thing with childcan be further classified into two child labourers deprived of innocentlabouren. pans: inherent bondage and children oys and rights of childhood. 14, is also a childsubjected to bondage. Due to ex- Life is harsh for them. They havebordrinatictmr.She has been work-tremely low wages or no wages ex- to toil for long hours, sometimesing as a carpet weavers dam earlycept food. enormous rate of interest . stretching iipto twenty, to eke out achildhood. She earns less than oneilliteracy and ignoraoce. the poor meagre being: and half kilograms of wheat daily.helpless peoplesottied down to a Their Malik faces, vacant looks, Abbas and Zia of Pakistan arevicious circle of indebtedness for lean and emaciated frames, tell therepresentative of millions of childgenerations together. As a. result.. millions are bonded even before they .untold story of millions of such hap-labourers working in brick kilns, car- less,nameless and faceless thW rensindustry, 'agriculture,powerare born. bonded labourers of South Asia. shoe industry and cottage Even constitutional provisions and According to statistics, there areindiistiieslike been manufacture.kgislations have failed to wipe out about 20 million child labourers inThey are no Murat horn theirthis scourge. The practise is con- South Asia, of which 7.5 million arecountetparts here in India or else-tinuing despite the article four of the bbnded. They are children mostlywhere m the region. They also workuniversal declaration of human rights below seven. They work as rag-hard and are poor ansi uneducated.which says: - No one shall be held in pickers, beggars, brick-kiln workers, The phght of these children com-slavery or servitudeinalltheir carpet, weavers, lottery sellers, ma-pounded with the element of bon-forme. in jails or child-prostitutes. dage,restrictiooon freedomof In India, Article 23 of thc Ciin- Noted human rights activist, Swa-movement andUtillirC,becomes thestitution ensures that -trafficking in mi Agnivesh, working for the fibers-most heinous crime against childhoodhuman beings and beggars and other (ion of child bonded labourers fromand humanity. -isms of forced labour is prohibited" th Asian countries said, these Justice P. N. Bhagwati, formerand specific law -bonded labour sys- dfildren were 'specifically N-a01Chief Justice of India. said: Bondedtem Abolition Act, 1976", not only here to record their testimonies in thelabours are non-beings, exiles of civi-bans the system completely, but de- -five-day South Asia seminar on childbsation, living a life worse than thatclaresites a cognisable offence "servitudethat concluded ben onof aniinab... not having any choice.ptipishable with three years imprison- Tuesday. they are dtives poverty"and hungerment of the bonded labour keeper. The testimonies of child bondedInto a life of Unlike India. thr Supreme Court labours from India, PakiStan, Bang- TheInterns=darabourConfer-of Pakistan bad not yet laid down a ladesh and Nepal, recorded beforeence 141413, classified child work inprecise and comprehensive definition distinguished kurists, including for-five categories namely (A) domesticof the bonded labour, according to mer Supreme COW1 judge, Mr V. R.work such ascleaning, cooking,Mr Ehsanullah Khan of the Bonded Krishna lyer, reveal their tale of painwashing etc, (B) nori-domestic.work-Liberation Front of Pakistan. and misery. son-monetary work inch as fuel and Mr Khan said despite assurance by Nine-year-old Sulluajwa is quietwater collection in fuel and runningMs Bena* Bhutto. DO ironical step and sullen. She is reluctant to speakerrands, voiding goods, ma;liztd5had been Uhn in this direction. The' but her tellLtale . eyes reveal every-ete in urban sector, (C) Front had set September 18 as the thing - her sony plight and helpless-labour where cad workers are keptdeadline when it planned to hold a ness, in boodagt because of their family'shuman chain demonstration through- . With her short and unkempt hair,or individual debt, (D).wage out the country from Karachi to ding ear. swoolen 'eyes and yet-went where children work on '4 11 Islamabad and Peshawar to Quetta to w teeth, Sukhrajwn presents a said wages indomestic, agricultural orhighlight the issue. If 0

134 Shocking result Sir We, the students at B.A. (Bons) History, Pan-I (South Campus), were shocked at our results. For, nearly 73 per cent of the students from South Campus failed the examination and those who did pass, secured onl., 40-45 per tent marks. Many students who were expected to secure good marks, did not get more than 49 per cent.

Agway% The argument that in the wake of the Delhi University teachers' strike, each examiner examined many more answer books than the normal, and therefore, could not do justice to the evaluation, is probably true. We have also learnt that some M.Phil students of Delhi Univer- sity were called in for evaluation work. This is in gross violation of the University rules. Even if the answer books have been evaluated only by teachers, some mistake applus to have =pi in at some mgt. We are not challenging the competence of our teachers, but we are forced to question the standards of evahsation. . We requesttheVice- chancellor of Delhi University to gettheanswerbooksre- evaluated and save the careers of the hundreds of students. Test cancelled VARANASI, July 31.The pre- medical test or the Banaras Hindu University hIld last month was cancelled today following alleged leaksge of question papers, report* UNI. The executive council today re- solved that the test be cancelled to maintain credibility and held again ,Campaignagainst at an early date. The executive council further au- thorized the Vice-Chancellor to constitute a high-powered corn- rviolence oncanipus Mittee to inquire into the affair. impress News Sarvke DTF, Mr M. M. P. Singh: sccretar . -Students' Federation of India(SFI ). NEW DELHI, July 31Mr Dwaram Yadav: the presidcntol Varioussectionsofstudents,tbc iNU Students' Union(INUSU). ri and karamcharisof DelhiMr Sump Mazumdar; andthe Delhi Diversity. Jawahglel NehruUni-UniversVCilrieincharis' Front kad- and Jamie Milfia have comees. Mr fel b .:111 Lsogeibcr to aware a NSUI 'Against the recenttrended hi the past, they uid, ;lviolence on the campuses. n' used to be confined to to newsmen here noMan- . attempts to terrorise 'Ialking madve said theamperes dining collegeand uni- y, their rewm- attempts -Compile wm,M anoleeholding pub-versity elections, orgenised contact provanunes mat cheating duringexaminations, and ,and end with a"silentmansindations ui achnissirT, on August 3 anthe main Now, the NSUI hau -graduated" ProPtIs- beyond mere hooliganism andbe- This violence. theymid, recendycome the "swore atthe niling pan: the form of an attack ana on cam byto curb democratic processes that ins being _addressed puses and outside.Last year. the CPI(M) kader, Mr E.M. S.opposition kader, Mr V. P.Singh. Students' protest , atthe Delhi Schoolked been attacked by NSU1 men on DHANBAD. July 211. Stone- Economics by WSUIstudents the campus, and this year,Mr Nam- : thmwing stude.nt- protesters 1=uttd campaign,leaflets ell building boodiripad. There had been reports attacked the Collectorate in coneSe4 bY *atfrom Bombay that NUM activistshad here today. gnashed window pa- -teacher-kataincliari seams. mode an gberaoed two campuses intheir ' nes. broke fluniture and es-eas conferencewmactocrat. of Par. *coo- attempt to knorise members abortive attempt to *3 fire to the president of the from Par ters parked insidethe office pre- Teachers' From (D77), Mx M. A.Maim who had resigned auses.. wed ex-DeTA presidentfromliming recently. The Deputy Commisatonar,Mr 1` Item Sevak Sharma. saidlbw am- etlibles; six magistratesand an Ad- dnal District Maginrate were injured. One eonstbble wasadmit- ted to tel in a critical condi- lion- Some journalistswbo gam at itthe spat were also beaten upby the Cm 'Me studentsWere peptent- against the alleged lathi-charge Po by the Erwiropoos thdeatmalastWednes- t. AS I IIIIILAJrilt,M.

: FAMOUS Astrologer, Pnchi B.N. Shastriwinforete accuretely about your Ids, on Ptomaines. Poimleues & horoscope. Contact for 'Sevenlakh drug guidance- AM to 12 A M . 2 to 7 P.M. Mewed Lodging Boarding. Room No. 73. Opp addicts in India' Nagestwarrwadi, Aurengabad (1446) international cOmmunitywillnot WASHINGTON. Aug 3 (UNI) Fproduce. use or traffic drugs. There arenearly 700.000 drug grow. addicts in India and as many inbe said- Pakistan. according to a US official.. He said the US Polk"' on winbat" have ing drugsshould have a high priority Thailandisbelievedto relationship with alliesor 250.000 addicts and Iran one to twoin any million. the US Assistant Secretaryfriends. In cooperating countries.Including of State for International Narcotics Malaysia and Matters. Mr Melvyn Levitsky, saidThailand. Singapore. before Pakistan.he said. the United States on Tuesday while testifying training and equip- the House Select Commitiee on Drugwas providing Diarrhoea deaths mcnt to establishedinstitutions such Abuse and Control. police. IVARANASI, Aug 3. --4eitteen He said countries where addictionas the local people have died of diantibea and might be least expected wc.re report- In Pakistan. Mr Levitsky said. a gastro enteritisin Varanasi distncr ing growing problems ofaddiction -promising pilot project was underwav during the east two months, re- anti-flared- Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka. the Philip-to help develop a special '- ports tYNI. . pine s. bpain. Italy.Germany andtics task force which could be adapt- The Chief Medical Officer, Dr .1 Britain eac,i have mote than 100.01100 able to other countries siswell. W. Oupta. said in s release that 634 addicts. When the Prime Minister. Mrs i patients of gastro enteritis and Sena= Bhutto. was here the United Pakistan had almost no addicts 10 i', diarrhoea were admitted to the in- years ago. Iran hac; reported100.000States agreed to assist in establishing reetious disease hospital between addicts in 1979 but now the problema programme in Pakistan toidentity June 1 ehd July 28.. Of them, 14 is very serious. big drug traffickers. "I think Pakistan died cediarrhoes and one from gas- 11' Mr Levitsky also noted that theis very serious about this." he added tro enteritis. tioinets havealsodeveloped a Mt Levitsky said there has bccn an Dr Gupta said the district ad- "tremendousproblem"stemmingexplosion of opium growing in areas ministration hod taken various pre- from militaryoccupation ofof the world wfxre the United States ventive measures, including chol- Afghanistan. had no diplomatic contact or means era innoculation, pivviding clean -We have to create a kind ofof control. including, areas of Afgha- Water supply and cleaningof internauonal ethic"thatsaysthenistan. Laos and Burma. accumulated watts. 1111.1.".--

ILLITERACV Women outnum- ber. menin illiterao in the countr India has 424.256A0 ahterates. of Whom 241.611.1.15 arc women. the Human Resource Development Minister. Mr P. Shis Shanker. told the Lok Sabha in a written answer Uttar Prads it tops the list of states in total number of illiterates 00,756.753). It is followed by Bihar with a total number of illiterales

137 CI TY Whose responsibility? Sewers overflowing in Yamuna Vihar Bs BHAVDEEP KANC took over, its staff has received ten or Express News Sink: more complaints everv day. The assigned labour force of nine is find. NEW DELHI. Aug 1ing it hard to cope with the com- Although the sewerage system inplaints. Yamuna Vihar, a sprawling East According to a resident, sewers Delhi colon), has almost collapsed.and' drains had not been cleaned for neither the MCD nor DDA arcmonths before the takeover. **Com- willing to take responsibility for it.plaints to the local DDA office every Conditions in the colony were soday did not have env ffect On bad. with oserflowing sewers andMondav. after several Complaints to blocked drains. that the MCD hadthe MCD. themain sewer was refused to take over the colony atcleanedupwiththehelpof DDA's request earlier this year. atmachines". he said. kast until thc monsoonwas OTT. It was onlyatthe personalin- The drams remain justas bad. tenention of the Lt-Governor. Mrhowever. "The MCD staff posted Romesh Bhandan. that the MCDhere say there is another department took (Wet Yamuna Vihar's sewerageto look after the drains, so they sysiam. But it specified that if thecontinue to be blocked with garbage. sstem collapsed.the corporationleaves and whatever else happens to could not he held responsible fall in". he added. Residents of Yamuna Vthar feel With a brief well of light showers, that the) are in thesameposition asconditiors have become even more the resettlement colonies last vearunhYgemic. anotherresidentsaid with neither of the civic authoritiesWith standing water in the nullahs, being held accountable for the failurethe garbage is starting to decompose. -of sewage she added. In the fortnight since the MCD "The Lt-Governor visited the col- ony again on Mondas. But he did not come to B Block where conditions are worst', she pointed out Tht MCD. which fmalls consented to the takeover on July 12. had said at the same time that residents of the colony were under great hardship, but that the problems could not be soh ed immediatelY Thc Municipal tommissione. had in fact suggested action against .wo DDA employees on the grounds that the colons s drainage ssstem was not up t in rk Of the 211 colonies takei, over frorn-DDA bs the MCD earlier this year, it bad otaected only to the transfer of Yamuna mho?. According to municipal officials. DDA did not hasc either the equip- ment or hie trained personnel to look after the sewerale of colonies like Yamuna 'ihar Tik system had been badly laid aid properly maintained. ith the colonies main sewer dam- aged in several places. thes said The local MCD staff said the main probkm. apart from the trunk sewer, which had sunk in some places. was the working of the pumps Thes did not work for long enough. resulting in stagnation of sewage in the pipes. Residents arc afraid thamsith the sewage system paralssedin most parts of the colony, this. will have to put up with pools of sullage once the rains start tnearnest -As it is we are in a low-lying arca There is no place for the water to go", a resident said.

138 Unburied carcass Express News Service Nest Delhi, Jah 20: Mr. M. Hanurtintharao, CPM mcmber of the Rajya Sabha, is 72 years old. He rose to express some disagreement with the Congress-I deputy leader in the Upper House N. K P. Salve, in the course of arguments over the CAG report on Thursday. Mr. Salve raised his voice and called Mr. Hanumantharao an -unburied carcass-. And he repe- ated himself, calling Mr. Ham'. mantharao an"unburiedcar- cass"' Mr. Dipen Ghosh. CPM leader. expressed strong objections to this when the Raj.sa Sabha reas- sembled after one of the many adjournments of the day. He de- manded an apology. and insisted that this should go on record. The Deputy Speaker,Mrs. Najma Heptullah, said no abuse would go on record. There was no aPologY. But the Deputy Speaker was emphatic inpulling up Telugu Desam leader P. Upendra, who referred to Mr. Salve as 8 foon". Mr. Upendra defend'. himself. "It is not unparliame tary to call a member a CLA agent, but it is unparliamentary to call someone a bufoon.- he said. Mr. Dipen Ghosh asked: "Is it unparliamentary to call a bufoon a bufoon " Crimes byOrissacops on therise Express News Servke in poliZe custody topetty theft cases the personal ilnitiative of theBhu-police station had cultivated and rendering assistanceto drug ped- the ha hi BHUBANESHWAR. Aug 2 lars. baneswar SP, Mr S. N. Swain, whoof extortingmoney at regular inter acted on the basis of a petition. that Notwithstanding the claim of the vals from a tribal familyWhen the The most disquieting deve entthe truth was brought to light. In Chief Minister: Mr J. B Patnaik thathas been the attitude of the an poor family began toprotest. they ice tounprecedented move the Orissa High ahe come rate in the state hadreg- crime, None other than the I irector- were subjected :o constanttorture istered a decline, the number ofGeneral of Police in Court cancelled the bail order ofa and humiliation crimes in which the police themselves a statement to alower court taking the casesuo moto. Bombay weekly. declared that-rape %Pe been involved has showna While sexual abuse still remainsa While the lower ranking policemen is no manifestation of crime". favourite sharp rise. While the State Home By the Chief Minister's pastime of theOrissaseem to specialise in petty cnmesa own admis-police, murder in police custodytoo Department. pleads to havingnosion. four rape caseswere registered police officer of thestate H'S cadre aeparate figuses. a cursory glance at' is' not uncommon, In 1987. Subalwas recently charged with demanding against pohcemen betweenMarchPoici (35) of Dimburgulia village the news reports over the -last nine1985 and January 1987, The inand accepting dowry fromhisin- years tell a macabre story. mostUdala block of Mayurbhanj district sensational rape case by a policeman laws. His wife was being harassedby Under Mr Patuaik's regime. was allegedly beaten to death bya him for not having broughtsufficient occurred in December 1988. A thanasub-inspector and two constables in hase displayed a strangeofficer, was charged withraping a dowry. The officer was placedunder ierstality as far as their involsementminor girl custody. When the enraged sillagerssuspension insidea Bhubaneswarmobbed the police station in crime goes. It ranges from murderpolice station It was largely due an inquiry As recently as in July last.police. tocommission was setup which indicted.men belonging to a nano of Puri the three policemen. In another case. town manhandled the family ofa ' a scavenger Kasia Nayakwas re-ruling party MLA The policemenit Iponedl) beaten brutally in thecus-was found, were drunk Accordingto tody at the Purishat police station ofthe FIR filed by PadmaLochan Cuttak. Kasia died on theway toPanda, the Congress-1 MLA. hospital. Two police officers the werepolicemen also robbed his family-of sentenced to eight years rigorousgold ornaments and cash imprisonment by the court. . Policemen arc also not above Althou0 there petty. is no organisedstealings. Recently.. a case came to crime in Orissa. the policemenhavelight where two policemenin Bhu- taken it upon themselvesto fill thebaneswar were caught redhanded gap Allegations of protection rack- by the public while stealing fish froma ets. extortion from petty traders andloaded truckThe public adminis. villagers are galore. In a sleepy littletered their own tustice beforehand- hamlet of Serango in Ganjamdis-ingthemovertotheirfelloa tnct.thc policemen of the localpolicemen

- 140 1 f; Amazingfindings onleprosy of fossilcontact mainly throughnasal secre- The two microbiologists behest NEW DELHI, July 16(Pll):Indian levels have rich reserves tions, spittings and skin conditions.that the new theory could also explain s leprosy inci-fuels. the nesis ofleprosyin human scientists who an*_ An analysis of the distributionof The new analysis has shown thatin deuce data from four continentshave focal points of leprosy endemicityin tions. Although the disease has fossil fuels and kprosy endemic areas around for centuries. its origin in come up with amazingfindings that the eastthe USA Canada and the USSRb-ul link the prevalence of leprosywith in lodia, specsally along humans has remained lately unex- coast, revesh a'high degree of cot-COWS arc correlatedwith fossil fuel underground fossil fuel deposits, . the scientists,deposits. pla'aed. The new studies by two micro- The researchers say that the disease of Dr. A.N. Clakrabartyand Dr. S.G. Several hundred cases in the USA biologists at the thovenity College have arisen in the absence of anyemerged in humans thing the early Medicine and JadavpurUnivenity, Dastidar. tangible infections fsorn humans,butera of civilisation when extensiveland soil is the Leprosy causing bacteria are known cultivation led to long exposures to Cakuna also sugest that digesting fossil fuelshave occuried in regions withsignifi- maim pathway for thetransmission of to be capable of the re-the soil and provided a route for and the organisms thrive inunder-cant deposits of fossil fuels, searchers said. soil-to-human infections. their ITOUnd dePosits before seepagesbliog Tbe dramatic disappearance of lep- The scientists wbo presentedof the them to the surfacesoil for subse- The scientists, however, taid de- findings in dig latest issue widespread soil-borneinfec-rosy tram Europe around the 16th Biol- quenttransmission to humans . spite 'Indian Journal of Experimental bons, the actual manifestationof thecentury roughly coincides with the throw The soil4o-human theory for lep- industrial revolution followed by a ogy,' expect their studies to would also explr:a Incdisease depends on other factorslike new light on theosnununicability of rosy infection drift of population from agriculture to presence of leprosy lesions onlie feettt,.: immunity of the infected person the diseas. and the duration of the esposure. industry. Lenrosy affects about tenmillioo of PeoPlewho routinely "work or At a global level. it is estimated that rocky sites, the scientistsaid. According to the issearehers, prac- peopic woddwidewith several code- hieforced segregationandabout two-thirds of leprosy cases arise Asia, Africa, Latin -This is certainly not Mull be-tices without any history of contact, the mic areas in Dr. J.S. Panicha, aclustering of leprosy patientsand on America and tbe MiddleEast, India beved today", scientists said. senior dermatologist at theAll Indiosanguinity among them help maintain bas about four million leprosy pa- disease. "The weight of all this evidenc is.. Institute of Medical Sciences heresaid VOCDC susceptibility to the bents. intoo great and compelbng" to think cOMMentilig on the new bYPotbesis. In India, this has happened The analysis has shown that many Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Naduandthat there art more variables than is preys- Curient medical theories bold that contact alone, they said, of these areas where leprosy is transmitted only by humanKerala, tbc scientists said. lent in moderate or highendemicitykprosy Some-way to cure! HE death of 19 new-born babies at the Calcutta..Medieal TCollege Hospital last week has oncg again exposedthe shocking state of negligence. maladministration and callous- ness that prevails in our pub'ic hospitals. The babies- deaths were traitically unnecessar the died not for want of -sophisticated equipment nor because of congenital disease, but because of criminal carelessness and apath: theywere killed by'infections contracted ina filths ward. where even ttre basic minimum rules of hygiencewere not obsened. The scenario isafamiliar one - two patients forced to share one bed; others tying on dirty sheetson floors that ?lase not been swabbed for days: unsterilised instruments and towels. and operation theatres infected withtetanus spores. TO Calcutta traged. Vh fact. is but the latest ina long catalogue of horror stories from public hospitals alloser the country - health limbs amputated -b -mistake-.lise paiients dumped in the morgue. surgical instrumentsleft in patients bodies. stray dogs and cats mauling infants inpublic wards. 'Added to all t.his is the sordidnexus between health authorities, politicians and manufacturers of spuriousand stibstandard drugs. whichwas .exposed by Justice Lentin aft,cr 14 patients _died in 1986 at Bombay's ii.Hospital. where they were given contaminated glycerol. Ofcourse. the VW patients in pubhc hospitalspoliticians and bureaucrat WHEN LIFE IS CHEAP bast never experienced the appalling conditionsin the Tim explanation offered _byonly is this a disgracefor a public wards. Is it ans wonder. then. that if fromtime to time the Superintendent of Cal-State Government that a ,few poor patients die as a result of official callousness and cutta Medical College andclaims to have providedfree n4glect the (..,rsernitient isn't bothered enoughto undertake Hospital for the death of 19health service for mothers newborn babies only ex-and children, but alsoagain th!... kind of &ash: revamping of the pubho- healthsystem.. poses the criminal callous-underlines the shocking de- whicf -. might pre% enr such tragedies fronfoccurringagain and ness of our so-called healthterioration of West Bengal's agaic? system. Not for a momenthospitals which wereonce will anyone be persuadedamong country's best While thatthedeathsinthesenior doctors and hospital CMCH'smaternitywardadministrative staff continue were "natural", as claiined.to get away with negligence Reportsofbabiesbeingbecause of Left Front patron- eaten up by dogs, and otherage and, in some cases, be- equally horrendous events,cause of their public image. have so far been confined totunior doctors appear to be hospitals in the districts, butmore interested in fighting it would now appear thatfor their own privileges tha:i West Bengal's city hospitals,for the cause of the sick and run by the Left Front Gov-the dying. Add to this the ernment and supervised by aGovernment's total lack oi Minister who boasts of hav-regard for human life, a fact ing rooted out corruptio,which has been confirmed from the health services, aretime and again If the Food just as appalling. Even whileMinister found it surprising officials were tying to exp-that such a fkiss should be lain away the deaths, juniormadeovertheBehala doctors and nurses came uprapeseed oil tragedy. itis with not so startling evidencenow the Health Minister's ofovercrowdingintheturn to sit back and let his maternity ward, shortage ofminions claim that there is nursing staff and the absencenothingwrongwiththe of hygienic conditions. health services. A few lives sacrificed at the alter of offi- The deaths are bound tocial apathy and neglect are create panic among expec-unlikelytogalvanizethe tant women, but not beingGovernment into action.Left able to afford the lumuy ofFront or no left front, human private nursing homes theylife is too cheap a commodity have no choice but to se_ m_ptin this country for anyone to prevailing conditions. Notbe bothered abwt it. S7M-61 MAI - 1 42 237"

C12 Babies still Prasanta Sur dying in mobbed hospital By a StaffReporter ESPITE the efforts of Dauthorities newborn bob*,Lre still dytng at the Ce-icuttaMech:al athospital College Hospital though themcr- tatity rate has fallen. With the death By a Staff Reporter of ism more babies on Tuesday night and Wednesdaymorning the West Bengal Health Minis- with the police arrangements. He toil has risen to ii. Unofficialsour- Mr Present* Sur, faced an said be would inform the Police ces, however, put the toll at 21. angry demonstrsticm inside the Commissioner that the Some doctors. agitatedover the Eden Hollins', menders of Cal- silents were a "totalflailunren'an'. 4he-e Went deaths and the indifference cum MeWcal College on Friday .took the policemen present to task of the authorities, pointedout thLt When the Ifinister went to the sec- fiar not hosing brought over wo- even after four daYs thenarserY oed floor of the hospital building men constables. was neither vacated nor 1\mr.;gt-c-d. to inaugurate the new wing of theIn a memorandum submitted to The deaths wouldcontinue unle-ss nursery in the afternoon. be was the Superintendent of the hospital. Ulf nursery was properlydisin- mobbed by group of women the While Congressa) demanded fected, they nil supporters of the Congreasal who that the authoilties nuolsh those Thehospitalauthoritiesre- shouted such alogano as "Go back responsible fbr the deaths of the stricted admission to thematprmty infant-killer. Dr Nirmal Midi. lead- babies and that the mothers who ward and shifted about 110va- er of gie medical cell of the Chhat- had lost their children be given tient* to the three maternity hc is Perished, and six women Coo adequate compensation. It was tals of the city as was declaredby Crsupporters. wee arrested taunt that initially the Congressa) the West Bengal Health himit-ner. titsspot Meanwhile, the col- supporters had no plan to demons- Mr Presents Sur, on Tuesday.Wm e lege authorities claimed that there trate before the Minister and would than 300 new mattresseswere pro- werir no further infant deaths dw . have dispersed after submitting vided to the maternity ....ard dtuing ing the day. their memorandum to the Superin- thsleverti removing the oldor.es As mon as Mr Sur anived at the tende. But theychanged their patients were also given spot around 4 p.m., he was in- progromme when the latter "TVS- mattresses on the fioor. No twopa- !brined that a group of Mahlla Con- hired to meet them". tients, claimed a senior hospital Eractivistsand Err Nirmal Leer, tiking to reporters at tidal. were sharing thesa.-7,e bed ltdgathered in Ow second tors Buildings. _the Minister was now. Attention was twirl, paid to floor. Mr Sur. accompanied by the csftics1 of the Le& Dufferin Hospi- cleanliness of the wards. Som.! Director. Medical Education. Dr X.. telauthorities,especiallythe doctors stated that the infar:s. K. Slaitaaarys, and _the Superir- who does not re- with mothers lodgedon the tIof;r, tendent of the Medi. C011erolie In his quarter. He admitted ran a higher risk of contamination R. H. seia.e ettered the the attitude of the hospital ou- and cross-infection becauseof he- ts! building. Immdiately, Mr Melbas might have discouraged ti:list proximiV to the ground. ernanded that Dr Migi, who was patients from baking admission exodus of mothers with their i outsider snd had no business to there. Mr Sur directed the Director newborn babies from the hospital remain on the second floor, be of Health Sevices during the t continued even on Wecinssciay. erected. Police took away DT MAW to pay daily visits to that Many of the mothers wholeft the but Mr Sur had to flice a vezy vocal as well as the AbinashDuhtteplios- hoopital during the daycom- VOUP OfMagi&CODOrgla(I) pita! and the Indira Matrisaden. to plained that they were being asked supporters who did not let him en- ensure that proper arrangements by the doctors to leave withina few te the new newsy for about 10 were made tor pregnant women hours of delivery. Noone, exc., pt minutes. end new-born babies. The Minister those in critical condition,was The Minister somehow managed said that if fUlly utillzad, then big allowed by the authoritiesvi to get past the angry women and three hospitals had the capacity to stay long st the hospital after de- Inaugurated the new numery. After meet the nett of patients. livery. Insnecting the nw.7., _tad Mermwh, the _toed of patients Members of the Association for porters that the iWuti cots at Calcutta CollegeHosul- Protection of Democratic Rights would be used for patients with till was substantially reduced, expressed shock at the destb ofin- =as other serious peoblentei only 90 beds occupied out of a fants at the hospital Theyde- required isolation- He said capacity of 100. During the day, a mended a judicial inquiry intothe that & meeting would be beld at new Professor-Director essumed matter end punitivemeasures Eden Hospital later. where the doc- office at Eden Hospital. This post against those responsible. Ina tors would decide how beet this had been lying vacant for some etatement during the elsy they de- nursery_ could be utilized. time and it was a routine appoint- manded eempenaationtothe Mr Sur was erremely angry anent. a 'Token= for the au- affbcted fantihes. thorities said. Dr Thrum! MIR Convener Of the West Bengal Junior Doctors' Fed- e ration. demanded the resignation of Mr Sus. He mentioned thatthe Health Minieter of Maharashtra bad resigned in 1985 °veinsmoral 1 f:J responsibility for the death of 14 143 babies at J.. Hoag:mail in Bombay. Govt apathetic to childdeaths lege and Hospital (CMCH), to set upchanged ant; trained nurses are to re- HT Correspondent an air-condstioned nursery. place the untrained ones shortly As the 26 infants died within a few CACLUITA. Aug 2days of their births, the deplorable Thc doctors draw atttntion to the As the 26th child died due to hospit-conditions of the Government hospit-fact that the Health Minister Wore al squalor in Calcutta on Tuesday.als came once more to the fore. Oneshoes while visiting the air-condition West Bengal Health Minister Prasantacannot do better than quote the Healthnursery at the CMCH on Jul) 2$ after Sur told a Doordarshan inteiviewer,Service Association of the Govern-inaugurating it."Even if he were -what can I do before I get the expertment doctors, the very people en-ignorant of this basic rule of hygiene .." committee's report on the mfants'trusted with thc nmning of thc Gov-they say. "somebody should have told death?" ernment hospitals. him to remove his shoes before enter- ing the nurser). But nobody did. sym The Minister, a front-ranking Marx- TheAssociationsaysthatthcbolising the apathy of the authootics ist,looked supremely unconcernedHealth Department has not been abletowards health in general and child overthcunprecedentedtoll.Histo ensure even the minimum scientificcare in particular." words did. in fact, convey thc impress-standards in the hospitals and pro- ion that he was more of a stickler forceeds to give the shocking news that While the l54-year-old CMCH or bureaucratic procedure than anythingthere is no separate enclosure for sickany other Government hospital in Cal- else. The interview, while provingbabies in the hospitals. As a result, thecutta never witnessed so many infant largely sordid for the man's astoundinginfants being born in the hospitals aredeaths in such a short time. 26 deaths feat of wooden-headedness, providedbeing constantly exposed to unsteril-in 10 days. the Government and the a lighter moment when at one breathised clothing. Even disposable syring-CPI-M, the main ruling part). con- he claimed that under his tenure thees are being re-used. The nurseries arctinue to treat them as nothing scanda Government hospitals had become re-under the care of untrained nurses andlous and certain!) not something one lativelybetter("they are cleanerthe apparatus are obsolete. Often twoshould get excited about "Ganashal. now") and at the next he riled at thepregnant mothers share one bed ti". the CPI-M daily . has treated the hospitalemployees for not being That the allegations are true havematter in an "appropnate manner attentive to their jobs. already been established by thc stepsand Chief Minister Jyoti Blasu, who is the department has initiated A sepa-apt to comment on subjects all and Not surprisingly, the overwhelmingrate enciosure is being set up for sicksundr), has not touched on the deaths impression the Minister managed tohabits,theapparatusare beingso far. convey was his chagrin RI the media for having overblown a relatively minor matter, the 26 infants' deaths due to negligence, squalor. infection, and above all asphyxation. The series of deaths forced the Premier Govern- ment hospital, Calcutta Medical Col

144 'TV did more harm than British' VUAYAWADA. July 1t (UNI): Dr N. Bhaskara Rao, Chairman,Opera- tion Research Group,Delhi, today stressedthe need for reshapingthe content, schedule andoperation of Doordarshan. It was high time the peoplelaun- ched a movement to ensurethat a moderating force emerged to ensure this objective, Mr Rao said at a Meet-the-Press programme. He said "what the British could not do in 150 years, Doordarshanhas done in 30 years' in lowering thevalue system of the society. Unless the viewers checked theall pervading 'disturbingtrends in Door- darshan, the value system and quality of life would bc badly affectedand the first casualty will be the next genera- tion.' Dr Rao said tekvision shouldbe 'responsive and participatory'with more channels to ensouragelocal takin and culture withoutimposing metropolitan culturxe on the viewers. Mr Rao said All India Radio was the worst victim of televisionafter the printmedia. TV had affected the advertisement revenueofthe print media apart fromreadership, particu- larly ofthe milazines.

145 (:5 P ` ..*" 1ORPT.- 1". - "qh.r. . s 7.ft 11111'Rik.-1 linl nifilfilk, 01 Pu!4/1.Irgi 411Y elargilhI IS! 00.fIx& 4ivlieeil= n i ,.q.14 doffqaat 11irtgi Is. linPiPii I 111[%°f8 cntd riftloiWI.ir Ail . = cA fit:coryitull.= 417 . nip iffirtrripo'I- q14I-v[4;14111ArwisEs ...gii1asLiti-efRit,T,j 11 ii iti;Ft4 ite5111 Ill p 1rett libla hrd.i. &et opt t9 ,.1 cA crti 1 aldbitu! Willirkg,leir !MIil Wets. 1 81. 1 rinialigrktkal: IthiliiiNil" . 0.5r.ilrall511 S.S4gjkriatiltPP.,M.i?10 /HP, DISCIPLINE won t come easy in the wild free-for-all that city traffic has become, How de Delhi zipping Taming you even begin to tame Marutis. lawless autorickshaws. murderous DTC buses and pre- cariousl)overloaded trucks' Typically. with overzealous leg- islation,thatseeksinone sledge-hammer blow tocurb ex- People are cesses permittedfor many de- chafing at the cades. The response has been equal- ly typical. People are griping. tough measures cursing and bribing, But they an^ dnving a littlebetter even if introduced by it is only at main traffic points. eed The new Motor Vehicles Act the new Motor has come into effect and has promptly given people, some- Vehicles Act and thing to talk about other than a rainless monsoon. trying to find 1.Jiwal Thakur. a law student, has been riding his motorcycle waysaround it. for ten years on Delhi's roads without a licence. "Now I don't But a few are go on the main roads atall." he says. "Every cop. evenhome driving better. guards look like traffic cops to Interviews by freaks me. I flever MSS the stopline now whereas before Iused to jump every red lightWho RAJEEV wants to be challaned Rs. kW or 2000'7" He addswith a grin. NARAYAN. "My bike automatically stops metres before the stop line asifthe spot. So the) will impound there is a chasm beyond it.I the registration papers ofthe have to get my licence madevehicle. But who cares about that? You can easily get your now."' It will remain just as ittrates are letting offpeople Sanjeev lain, a Yusuf Sarairegistratinn book released bythere with much smaller sums when shopkeeper has already felt thepaying a bribe at the transportwas." the cases are going to court. authority. 1 was challaned Rs. But the sub-inspector differs. sabering impact of the new He thinks the Act does open upSays a young man who did not rules. "Four of us were return-1000 for nigh speed driving. want to be narned,"Thepolice What I did was to talk it outopporunmesforcorruption ing from a party and 1was because anybody will be readyhave become very strict indeed. speeding. We were stopped b%with the cop and bribe him. I Our car has a VVIP registration paid him Rs 150 and he let off.to pay Rs. 100 to 200 inorder to a cop and challaned.and fined get out of paying Rs.500 ornumber but stillit, was chal- Rs. 1000. We did try to bribeSo what's the use of this Act? laned Rs. 1000 for crossing the the-cop but he wasn't corrupt.Earlier I would have had to payRs. 1000." yellow line. My father who was Rs, 50 or Rs 100 It would seem that the police We pooled what we had and can also be persuadedfor adriving said he would pay up in paid up." The popular. cynical view is court. But once it goes to court But has it sobered him for first it takes a lot of time for good'? Of course not. Wildness111=111111111MMOWIMMINIMIONNIIIyour hearing date andsecondly on the roads is congenital to"I don't thinkcorruption will increase you get off easilyespecially if Delhi'scitizenry,itwould Corrupt personnel you know the rightpeople You seen. He adds. "To say thatI because of this Act. can be sure that youwill have have stopped speeding there and will to pay a maximum of arm:id wouldn't be correct.Ihavehave always been Rs. 200 to Rs. 250." stopped speeding in dangerouscontinue to be there.lt will remain just traffic lilies apart, the Act is vots. spots where cops gener- an ambitious one which also ally are around but otherwise Ias itwas." seeks to tame a number of still drive as I used to." 5. B. Deol. DCP Traffic errantsectors. Predictably . A sub inspector who did not they are allscreaming. The want to be identified says that motor driving schools are on persons who used to drive care strike. autorickshaws and taxis that petty corruption will in-consideration to register CAWS fully are now more careful. for an offence which carries awent on a day's token strike in note litho were rash are stillcrease since nobody will want Delhi, scooter kalers arc in- to pay the enhanced fines.Butlower fine than the offence so. "Only at the major eras- actuall, committed. The figurescensed because they are re- sinp are drivers more law abid-Delhi's Deputy Commissioner quired to ensure that there are of Police. Traffic. Mr S.B. for the first 15 days of July, ingnrcartfz! when compared to those ofindicators on the scooters they major deterrent seemsDeol, does not think so, He thinks that the steep fines willsimilar periods in other monthssell. to be the hefty fides. But they of this year show that the mini- Earlier. getting a learner's don't always work as a deter-have a psychological impact on licence used to be easy as pie. the public and takes the cheer-ber of violations has not come :pt, in many cases they are down sharply but nor have theYou just walked in, paid Rs. 10 just pushing up the level offul view that corruption will and got one. Now it takes much stay at the same level."I don'tfinesrealised increased sub- bribes customarily expected by stantially. as they should have iflonger, requires a medical cer- .the .traffic police. Says Nitinthink corruption will increase tificate, photographs, and test- because of this Act. Corruptthe erbanced fines Sachikva a maier of Motor were being sone& ing of the applicant's know- *vehicle parts "Nobody is goingpersonnel have always been kdge of road signs. to be able to pay Rs. 1000 onthere and will continue to be This is part,y beca 147 MN* Auto and taxi drivers also protest that the re-test required causes them Indefinite loss of livelihood Says Ahuja. "Ear- .4P:rt. lier we just had to submit an FIR and we used to be Issued a duplicate licence Now we has e to take the test again, get clear- ance and all other formalities, give bribes, and even thenit AI, takes more than a month, What a. doesthe dnvereatfor a month?" Karnail Singh, a DLY driser mourns thatif they even so much as touch the stop line they are challaned. "I earn Rs 900 a month.I cannot pay a challan of Rs. 1000 or Rs MX) and still have money to ear" Traffic on Delhi roadssail speeding. sail bribing But even he thinks that the crackdown on issuingofli- cences is a good step. "It was reallygettingpathetic,the number of novices dnving on the roads. -At least only those who can drive wellwillbe issued licences now KulwantSingh. a three- wheeler driver says he doesn't see how he can avoid being challanedat leastonce a month. He says he is sehously thinking of quitting being self- employed and seeking a dris- er's job with a company. The Dew Motor Vehicles Act has also made it mandatory for scooters to have indicators. But Bajaj for instance does noi put Since thc Act specifies that indicators on its scooters. And permanent driving licences will waj has already flunked the testa passenger, the mandatory fit-the transport authorityis no only be made through motor for road signs. But he managed ness check for their vehicles longer registering scooters driving schools. it ought to bc to get his learner's licence afterevery sh month: and the ex- which do not have indicators on good tior their business. But thc paying Rs. 30 to a doctor andorbitant fines for trafficoff- them. What you have then is driving schools are not exactly Rs. 25 to a tout. He says heences. Protests Ramesh Abuja, scooter dealers who arc climb- thrilled. Says Surinder Singh.forked out a total of Rs. 90President of the Three Wheel- ing walls. owner of the Johar Motor Driv- compared to Rs. IC earlier. er, Autorickshaw. Tempo and Rajan Malik who has a deal- ing School in Gautam Nagar. Meanwhile anotherstrongTaxi Union, "Which auto driv-ership in Karol Bagh. splutters "AiVe don't feel this Act is good traffic lobby. autorickshaw ander can pay up Rs. 1000? Thethat this move on the part of for our business. We used to taxi driverS.Itte wailing that theAct iS atrOCiOus on int poor, the authonties is really stupid get around 20 learner's licences "We. can't go aboutdrilling made every day. Since this Act holes in the chassis of all the has come into force we have"Refore 1 used to jump every red light. scooters! The customers won't made just five in 20 days. This buy them. But the Act says the seems like an election stunt.Who wants to be challaned Rs 1000 or inditors have to be inbuilt Touts are being cut off, but till How can they be inbuilt when when?': 2004? My bike automatically stops the company makes no provi- if Mukesh Bhardwaj's, a sion for the attachment of in- Sales executive in a Connaught metres before the stop line asif there is dicators?" Place firm, experience is any He cannot see that in princi- guide they are still around, anda chasmbeyond it." ple, it makes better road sense have doubkd their rates. "Two Ujwal Thakur, a law student for all vehicles to have indica- months ago thetout tors. This pars of the Act must approached asked for Rs. 200iffPNIM/MaAIRMNIENIIMIMbe retracted at once, he says. In for making my permanent li-new Act will have them all Even the insurance fees havethe first month of its imple- cence, Since the implementa-starving, They are protestingrocketed from R.s. 120 to Rs.mentation, at tbe frrst taste of tion of the Act be has hiked histhe increase in the fitness fee 340, and they have even done the Act has a whole fees to _Rs.400. Too muchfrom Rs, 5 to Rs, 100, the Rs.away with third party insur-host of lobbies scfeaming for its dasiger now," he says. Bhard- 50 penalty for refusing to carryMee " Er:traction, 41111enen--- - 148 1 rt s BEST COPYAVAILABLE "With scorpions yet again!

Express News Service COIMBATORE. July 10 The 37-year-old snakeman. Psrth- asarathy. in his attempt to make a re-entry of his name in the Guinness Book of World Records. on Saturday rolled up and down the 850 steps of the famous Marudamalai hill near here with about 30 deadly black Worpions all over his body. Watched by a stunned audience, Parthasarathy, wearing a banian and sports shorts, let the scorpions inside his banian and Tolled up the steps to reach the top of tht hill, which has housed the shrine of Lord Muruga. in a little less than three and a half hours.Within a few minutes of reaching the top, Parthasarathyrol- kd down again with the deadly crea- tures on his body and reached the bottom to compkte his ordeal and this time he took only one and a half hours to roll down the 850 steps. uring the venture he was bitten 30 times by the scorpions and every time a scorpion bit l., ht chewed a few peppers to counkr the poison of the scorpions, As he had to roll on the stcps made of rock which were un- even braving the hot sun. He suffered 36 bniises. All the scorpions came oucalive at the end of the ordeal. The feat was inaugurated by Mr V. Mylswami. president of the Coimbatore District Amateur Athletic Association. It may be recalled that Parthasar- athy recently swallowed 50 rifflITICS of rasichilly powder in three mi- nutes time in Coimbatore,

1 f' " - 149 Tuskers striketerrorism inRanchi According to forest officials, the aggressive, and most of By SUN1L MENON j111141fththese deaths, the number Of herd is not killed by the herd in the Kam the killings occurredwhen it felt that 'The Times of India NewsService Iso under which Amble fk)s_._the calves were being threatened, KARA (Ranch), July19. and the Ulnae Mackin wawa according to villain% the herd enters district has lane trio ta tat- . the villages after sunset. S dusk desmnds onJurdag Thereafter the modus operandi is riveted on Tirherd, ?oak 16-simeti7s1; it %village, all eyes are dutbna three ves has been in for the elder; toof either the houses knock =kingdown plot ofiumle, 200 metresto thetwo blocks sinceJune 25. But for the doors or was of apprehensionPsi one week theY havedivided lei? mom enough for the calves to enter west. The sense hula comPrising 1-L and drag out bagsof grain and other is almost palpable.Will they ortwo 11FouPs. the the villageroamn* about thevicisitY -lards&eatables. It is usually when the min- will they not visit According to the DM(east), the ors am late in corning out of a house =as.people speculatein husheddivisoo was mused by the advanced thatthe elders turn aggressive and the breeze,Mate of raw:0mMor One of the reekinumostiosiy, human lives. the heed has refused And then, carried by females which hod sloweddown the 'tomes the faintsound of an dephant of the group, to touch gnun kept by the forest tnimpeting from a distance-A collo:- rises from the uilads of the Kara blockofficials with the intention of keeping Alive sish of relief informed the Times ewsthem away from the village& pthering Tonight thewilifters can delivered on The appearance of the herd on the *cep in peace. Thetrumpet hasService, that the female position of theJuly 14. The forest officials,however,vicinity of Jaltenda village has com- ihelped ascertain the forted fomst officials. They say thatif 012-strong elephant herd.It is at thehad no ie* of this. The original haUtat of thrherdit maintains its present course.it and will in all prob. should be entering Horhat, approx- only Jaltenda village inwas the Marltonjungle in bhum -LPIsendlitisit district. It left the jungle, in imately 25 km away, in another lbt night. known.fortnight's lime. The fear of the residennof Jurdagber 19111, for reasons till not is along a for it was only kwTraversing Chunk district, itentered Also, the present route is understandable, populated belt and, thus, the : .idays ago that the herdbad walkedMadhya only to return to Gentle district and to retract*pin to to human livesis less. They into the villagearound midnight. interfere with the house lay firstMadhya Pradesh. This toand frohave decided not to Varna Suansi. whose eight longherd and to allow it toproceed to its iin the elephants' path, wasdressedmovement went on for death. His bcdymonths, before it started its returndestination. 'lout and crushed to The forest departmenthas also had to be literallyscraped out of themigration in April this year. of Rs The herd was first seen in theannounced a compensation 1 ground. 10,000 to the family of eachdeceased The elephants thenattacked wv-Liming block on June 23. Since then, whose houses "desire/ins them andit has been moving in a northeasterlyand Rs 750 to those feral houses, have been destroyedand Rs 100 'eating grain andsackfruit, beforedirection, en route the vil- lages of Hulsu, SWanatoli, Karen-against each acre ofstanding crop daimit* anothervictim, MarY Surm damaged. The villagers,however, Mundam, a 50-year-oldwoman. The as -pit- in the village tillVini;la,Durktt, Mkustin?, Istigdhisthave described the amounts elephants renamed tance". I *round 4 p.m.before retreating to theAsalammadi and Jurdag

AN FRIDAY JULY28 1808 7 Wild elephants kill five From Our Correspondent RANCHI, July 27. Five more persons were killW by aherd of wild elephants in Murhu biock of Ranchi district duringthe past 24 hours. according to re- ports reaching here.With 13 people killed earlier this month, the toll has risen to le. The reports said the herd attacked Jiwantoli village in llitirhu at 9 a.m. today. The elephantsdamagedseveral houses and killed three persons on the sopt. Theyhad already killed two persons last night at

Binds village of Murhu block. 4O Earlier.thedistrictand Forest Department officials had claimed that the elephants hadI been driven away to eV* natur- al habitat in Postal forestof Bin,Obhum district. When the elephants attacked this morn- ing the seated villagers block- ed the traffic on the Bassehi- Melba's Highway in protest =theofficial?claim. was a traffic jam onthe 1 '70 Newsy. 150 BP demands statehood of going to the polls in Delhi and HT Correspoodeot adopting tactics which were causing miseries for the citizens. NEW DELHI, Aug. 3' Mr Vijay Kumar Malhotra, general More than 2.000 workers of the BJPice:vary. BJP, said the Panehayati staged a demonstration today in frontRaj and local bodies bills proposed to of Union Home Minister ButsSingh'sbe placed in Parliament was a fraud house to demand statehood for Delhi.Hc said the rights of the people of The workers later courted &Reg. Delhi to elect their own representa- tives hid been curtailed by the Central Addressingthedemonstrators.Govr rnment try not holding polls in president of Delhi unit of BJP Madan-the Metropolitan Council for over lal Khurana said the Gwernment was seven years. not interested in granting anAssembly for Delhi. Tbc Congress-I nded gov- Announcing the decisive battle for ernment was adopting delayingtacticsdemanding statehood for Delhi, Mr like setting up of committee. whereasKhurana said the BJP wOrkers would statehood was granted to Goaandstage demonstrations an August18. 19 somc other Centre-ruledStates with-and 20 and a Delhi bandh on August out these COMMillftS, becharged. 31. Mr Khurana said the Government He said the Congress-I wou:d have had not fulfilled the promises it madeto face the consequences ii the de- at thc time of the last civic pnils.Withmands of the people of Delhi were not the result. Dclv,ow had a rising num-met. The RIP would also launch a 'jail ser of unemployed youths.spirallingbharo agitation on the three days to /rims and other related problems ducpress tbc government to grant plots to trinismanagentent by the Mess andthe..sluni-dwellers. recognition of us mreacracy uthorised colonies and constniction The Government was not consider-of houses. ng the recommendations of theSar- Thc BJP activists who started the 5000 BKU .aria Committee which was set up todemonstration from the party office on ook after the granting of statehood toAshoka Road were stopped by the he national Capitel, Mr Khurana said.police about 500 yards away from the mengherao lc alleged the Congress-I was scaredHome Minister's residence. police station From Soutnys Ghosh MUZAFFARNAGAR, Aug 3 About 5,000 workers. kd by bhar- tiya Kisan Union leader Mahentira Singh Tikait. gheracied the district police station here today in protest against the firing and lathi-charge on farmers in Shops village yesterday evening. According to Superintendent of Polke M. S.Bali, BKU workers armed with guns, lathis and other koSTAL STRIKE: Tbe minister of weapons turnedviolentfollowing stateforcommunications, Mr which the police had to resort to a mild Ciirdhar Gomango, toad the Nouse lathi-charge. One policeman received thattheNational Federationof bead injuries when a BKU worker Postai .Employees has not given a aliegedly fired a shot. notice for a strike sad mid if they The trouble started when the BKIJ went on a strike it would beillegal men began protesting against the and action would be taken asainst abduction of a girl, Nair:ems, 18, of the strikins employees. MT Gomango assured members Sikri village. According to the police, that the government has a positive lamed, a bad Coogress-I worker. attitude towards the eight point de- blamed the gram pradhan of Sikh for mands of the emPloyees. the abduction of the girl.Earlier. however, the police said that Naieema had eloped on her own with a man

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156 III 7'11inrilkill11 PIIIIIIP111 PRIIIIIIIIRI Ft . "Vh.(4>% 470 J IP1 iil iiiIhriktil: 11 11111 111t11.111c5111111111.11111 111 ?Iola/ gtillitifit111111111111111111/111ilr 1:i ,r; .1-111 Ilfiii1 !Tilir1114;11 iii 111.11. !iPtlitt iiiir- c412 lIg t 5 mc 11111)1111iiiisimb>.a. IiIPP1111Pqltilipi hill1411ipwilii 114111114-1;hilliOnVg:1 wityliplip nifigitivi 1 ktn:IiiiM111 i PI 4PkiVI 1 !rills rilltiii "-4i12. W Pali:1119NMNrigillaighiillglilililillihill 12i5itliBilipliM4/1 101 1 11 I Iliill 111/111111 N .4.1 hiLii de,41,11iLithitelp p iiiIIP0 I-0v 01,119 fitildj i: IR! -Ili 1:441(1 V) ligisqljilichle :1!thiliaquiliffiiiiiig nii; tplipli1.111az11111 111#111 AIL ii 'if lip!!j,! IN pi 8atvien i elf.r1 pkrion11111iiiiiiliot 4 4 ilif f'4 giva 3i. !Ai!' IIINT11, 1011111111I ifivii ilia1040111417101ititilift VII121411111 i'lhil India biggest World Bank borrower NEW DELHI. Aug 3 (1./NL.PT1) India is thz lr4tes1 borrower of World Bank 6.4ds in the world. Minister of Snit.: for Finance &luau. do Fa !tiro ir'..irmed the Rajys Sabha on Thursdsi) . In a written answer. he said India had drawn S 18.297.97 million from the World Bank pour till June 30 this yew'. Of this amount S 1.596 million have been repaid Debt servicing.includinginterest charges. worked out to S 2.90$.05 million annually. The Minister said the Aid India Consortium meeting of the World Bank in Paris recent4 appreciated the progress achieved by' India in reducing the budget deficit Third World Entrapped in debt By Bepin Behari THE developmental prog- important means 7f supporting the from 6.5 cent in 1965-73 to 5.4 the total number of immigrant rammes of emerging na- thdustrialisaticmprogramme of per CCM 1973-80 and 3.6 per labour hired in the United States in tions have not only en-these countries. ln fact, by the cent during 1 1961 which greiv to 75 per cent in trapped them in bwk mid-80s the western industrial na- The strategy adopted by the de- 1970. ng foreign debt but havetions had invested US S150,000veloping countries for augmenting Thus engaged in siphoning the also amused international tension million in the economies of de- their peoduction, increasing their production potential from the de- causing rivalries among the super- -ng countries where about exportsandeliminatingtheir veloping countries and denuding powers for establishing econonnc 2S, subsidiaries of the western poverty has not succeeded in mak- them of valuable technical and and political supremacy over these firms were operating. These trans- mg them seli-reliant. They have personnel support, the industrial regions. The American anxiety tonational corporations were moti-been caught in the debt-trap of a West is forging strong integrated ban out the Third World of its 1.3 vated try their own interests which very menacing order. The percen- structure with developing coun- trillion dollar forei_i debt by `for-were Oten at variance with thosetage of debt to GNP graduaby in- tries for its own economic growth. ting part of the i Ibillion dol- of the host countries. They con-creased from 20.6 p-a cent in 1980 A11104 themselves, they arc di- they are owed by the largesttrolled nearly 40 per cent of the to 22.4 in 1981, Z.3 in 1982, 31.4 versifying production at different debtor countries such as Metico,industrial ouW of the newly freeper cent in 1983, 33 per cent in localities and assembling the final Venezuela and Brazilis symp-countries aM half of their foreign 1984, 35.8 per cent in 1985 andproduct under well established tomatic of the interest of the west- trade. During recent years, spe- 35.4 per cent in 1986. Ratio of debt trade name so as to secure the best ernnationsintheeconomic cially after the 60s, the local gov-to exports increased from 90 per comtitive advantages. For ex- solvency of developing nations, ernments have become very reti- cent in 1980 to 98 per cent in 1981, am e, thereisa programme The idea of a Pacific Community cent in granting permission to 117.6 per cent in 1982, 134.8 per usthe Ford motors to get their was put forward as far back as 1966 these firms. cent in 1983, 121.2 per cent in various parts in different countries by the Japanese scholar Kiyoshi The multinationals have estab- 1984, 143.7 per cent in 1985 andwhere special facilities exist. The 'Wilma whilst Mikhail Ciorbachev lished themselves in several de-144.5 per cent in 1986. Ratio of final assembly takes place at Hale- affirmed tht Soviet willingness toveloping countries specially be-debt service to GNP during this wood in the United Kingdom and join in deliberations on the likely causeofspecialadvantages period increased from 3.7 per cent at Saarlouis in West Germany but principles of such cooperation as accruing in those regions. Special- in 1980 to 4 per cent in 1981, 4.6its tyres, tubes, seat pads, and recently as July 1986. But the new- ly in Southeast Asia, the attraction per cent in 1982, 4.5 per cent in brakes are manufactured in Bel- ly inde ,ndent nations have beenhas been the availability of semi- 1983, 4.9 pier cent in 1984, 5.3 per gium, fan belts in Denmark. glass :: '..4 down by their inner can-skilled industrial labour at lowcent in 1985 and 5.5 per cent in and radioin Canada, cylinder I, 4 I.and external pressurescost. Some developing countries 1986. bead, carburettor, glass, lamps that the emergence of any effective derive a significant part of their and defroster grills in Italy, under- solution does not seem to be in manufacturmg exports from local Main defects body coating, speedometer gears sight. subsidiariesofmultinationals. The emerging structure of de- in Switzerland, while starter, alter- velopme.atal programmes suffers nator, cone and roller bearing, Arms race Mutual attraction on these princi- from two main defects: First, the windscreenwasher pumpare The problem has become diffi-ples has led to the dependence of economy is geaisd to exports and manufactured in JapanIn this cult owing to the fact that the arms the developing countnes on multi- the items exportei are vulnerable way, the entire car-components race of the modern world is con-nationals who have secured crucial to international price fluctuations have been made separate items of tinuing at such a fast speed and theposition in the general economy of often going agains the developingproductionand earmarkedto requirements of devetoping na-these countries. In the middle and countries. S..-condly, the emphasis differe it firms located in different tions are increasing so rapidly that late 1970s the share of multination- on unemployn.ni alleviation and pans of the globe where best tect. the availability of resourccs seems als in manufactured exports of foreign exchange earning have not nological and labour supports are much short of the developmentKorea and Mexico was around 30effectivelt checked the brain drain available. needs of the poorer nations. Theper cent, in Brazil the share wasfrom the developing countries. relationship between the two can more than 40 per cem and in Singa- The brain drain from developing Meticulous care be gauged by the fact that the in-pore more than 90 per cent. As acountries consists of migration of This shows the meticu- crement in the global production result of the foreip, collaborationscientists, engineers and skilled lous care with which the industrial- of g,00ds and services betweenof these multinationab many de- workers and other specialists. The ised countries are working out for 1960and1983equalledUS veloping countries have begun ex- volume of this migration and the maintaining their quality and cost 58,400,000,0013 million whilst portingmanufactureswithout geographical scope of this migra- competitiveness while giving best more than US 514,000 million was going through an initinl phase oftion have been accentuating the consideration for the employment spent on military puomses during import substitution. Sonic of these'crowing hardships and shortages generation in their sister countries. the same period. Such a wastage of corporations are locattsi in de-in the developing countries. On Against such detailed planning, resources and inadequ-cy of pro-veloping countries with ths prin- the basis of UNCTAD data, the uncoordinated programming of in- ---eltiction potential seem atrociouscipa1 aim of producing in order to total amount of fund transferred to dustrial outputs from the develop- in comparison with rampant de-export to their home and other ten developing countries which are ing countries cannot hope to se- privations in the region. Presently, markets. major suppliers of tabour to world cure better market advantages. more than 1,000 million persons market grew from US S 1,6130 mil- The role of India in this new in- live in sbject poverty, 800 million Growth rate hon in 1975 to about US 5 11,500 ternational economic struggle for are chronically hungry, 1,500 mil- The contribution of theseulti- million in 1982 whilst its ratio tosupremacy seems to be relegated lion persons have no access to nationals in the total growth rate ofthe aggregate imports of these to the backwaters. The SAARC medical assistance, 1,000 million the developing countries has beenstates increased from 8 to 26 per countries around the Indian Ocean people have wactiailly no housesmuch less than the expected level. cent.'Though the migrants to are important only for opening an and 2,000 -iithon have no access toThe growth rate of volume of ex- Saudi Arabia and other oil-4411% entrance to this Pacific region of dean drinking water. port has declined from 4.9 per countries amanitas; to I I ASEAN-Pacific region alliance Influx of alarm) resources andcent in 1965-73 to 4.7 in 1973-80 V,000 persons of skilled workers The Soviet Union may seek its pas- technological support from naclus- and 4.4 per cent in 198046; ex- out of a total of about two million sage through the Indian Ocean for triallyadvancedcountriesareports of manufactures had in-every year have been piWually in- which support of India will be im- essential requirements for impro-creased from 11.6 per cent in 1965- creasing, yet the pWessionals to portant. The Indian opportunity in ving the basic of73 w 13.8 per cent during 1973-80 the developed countries were of a the newly emerging economic reli- the Third World. from ex-but has declined to 8.4 per cent different category very much de- lionship a matter of grave con- ternal assistance, invest-subsequentlyduring 1980-86. sired in saga own country. Proles- cern w ich we may not overlook ment through joint ventures is anEven their real GDP declined sionais accounted for 40 per cent of for our enduring prospects. Arm.- - 159 s ELECTION YEAR POLITICS It's an election year in India, and as I write this brief opening Rajiv Gandhi is calling for national elections. India is the world's largest democracy, and the people seem to cherish their fledgling democratic institutions.

During July and August, the opposition parties were unifying to makea concerted effort to unseat the Congress Party. The Congress Party, the party of Jawaharlal Nehru, Mbhatma Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, and Rajiv Gandhi, has led India since indepen- dence for virtually all of the forty years, except for a bri.?.f period where the Janata Party ruled.

Scandals involving corruption in the highest places over mdlitary defense con- tracts could become India's Natergate." A cover-up has been claimed in the press. The opposition members of the Lok Sabba (India's lower house of government) walked out in a dramatic gesture of opposition and unity.

These are truly exciting times in India.As the election draws near and the population begins to rally behind its standard bearers, tension levels %%ill rise. Violence can be expected. An4in India, everything is done on a very large scale.

1) Have the students collect articles dealing with India's forthcoming elections, and based on their readings have them predict the outcome.

2) As the election process unfolds, have the students develop a comparison of the election process.

3) Compare India's structure of government ",..o the British and the American in terms of legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Develop a chart to fulfill this. Birendra Singh quits Lok Sabha, Congress(I) P.M.'s failures criticized From Our Special Representative NEW DELHI, Monday: Rao Birendra Singh, former Union Agriculture Minister, today dealt a major blow to the ruling party when he resigned from the Lok Sabha and the Congress(I) in protest against the Government's handling of the CAG report on Bofors and its many other failures. His move was not immediately both inside and outside Parliament then the Panchayati Raj and urban known when he handed over an and the functioning of the Govern- civic bodies which had existed envelope to the Secretary-General ment. He added however: "This is even during the British rule and of the Lok Sabha and also talked not to say that the role of the which had been receiving increas- briefly with the Prime Minister in Opposition is any better. But in my ing attention since Independence. the House during the placid ques- humble view the primary responsi- But he was "pained" at the tion hour. Mr Birendra Singh. who bility for maintaining the dignity "apathy" of the Government to- occupies a front bench, walked out and credibility of democratic in- wards the "aspirations of the back - of the House quietly. stitutions rests with the niling par- ward classes" who constituted a His two-page letter of resignation -- t major segment of the population whichwas addressedtothe ,,i,,,ltion He noted that the Government had Speaker as well as the AICC(l) ..etateb- ;k, not taken any action on the Mandal President, Mr Rajiv Gandhi, has , ,. Commission repoit Even repeated cited failures of the Government and powerful appeals by public on issues like Punjab and Sri misme.__representatives and agitations by Lanka. He did not indicate inthe-it the backwardclasses hadnot letter if he was joining any other "moved the Government one bit". party. t He recalled that most of these His quitting the membership of V:; issues had been raised by 10 mem - the House and the party has come bers of Parliament, including him- at a time when the en masse resig- self. in a letter to the Prime Minis- nations of Opposition MPs from ter not very long ago. But the letter the Lok Sabha is still not complete. ,. evoked no response. But from the treasury benches, Mr '4, Mr Birendra Singh, who was ad. Birendra Singh is the first to iesign k -'1milted to the Congressa) in 1978 by in connection with the handling of 4tt.' Indira Gandhi. said that under the the Bofors issue. He had not given 4.,.:, presentcircumstanceshe was any hint in the Lok Sabha about RAO BIB ENDRA SINGH "convineed" that he was not doing his move to quit the ruling party lustice to myself or the people as a when the House was rocked by the ty, particularly when it enjoys such member of Parliament". He said Bofors controversy prior to the en a massive majority as at present"that his present term of member- masse resignations by members ofThe failure to achieve the desired ship of Parliament would 7ractical- 12 Opposition parties. results from the Puniab and Srily end after the current session of In his letter, Mr Birendra Singh 1,-anka accords might go down in the Lok Sabha. "Having served said thst the Congreu(1) stand on public memory as "misadventures legislaturesfor nearly four de- lbe CAG report has made the mat- besetting goad intentions". But the cedes. I would now like to feel free ter "look worse". 'It is not realized two-year-old controversy over de- and independent in the service of that ewe publicly question the me- firrice deals would certainly agitate the people." dibiltty of the CAG our own credi- the people's mind if the truth about The resignation of Rio Birendra battyill be weighed and judged middlemen and commissions in- Singh from the Lok Sabha has against his credibility in detail," he volved in the deals was nce un- been eccepted by the Speaker. . added. earthed. according to an announcement He said that for quite some time He said he did not object to the made by the Deputy Speaker. Mr now he was feeling disturbed over Government efforts, being made M. Thambi Durai, just before the the performance of the ruling party with some "urgency", to strens- House artiourned for the day,

- 162 S,-; Pristine Pedigree Indian practitioners of the new upmarket, high-profile thmst in advertising, marketing and public relations are sometimes blamed for borrowing most of their craft and craftiness from the amoral west. I rue, some exceptional examples of their ilk, might get away, protesting how "very desi" they innately are. But we have it on the authority of their father figure, David Ogilvy himself how alienated many of them are from their milieu, and how they art found wanting even in their business of creating wants among consumers. Recently, the Prime Minister himself found time and occasion to chide the producers of those cute, over-glamourised, sensuous commercial spots on Doordaishan, for provoking embarrassed titters among rural womrn viewers by an excessive exposure of the epidermis. The more sensitive among the wunderkindern cover up their guilt complex by protesting that they purvey precisely the kind of kitsch the urban middle class consumer yearns for, even if it infrolves an uneasy grafting of a "phoren" concept on to an . theme. There is however good news for those in the I I I I versuasion" business now promising to endow a pastine p iigree on their trade practice. A stone sculpture repfedenetlsk excavated in Mandsaur's Sun Temple in Madhya which dates back a millennium, has been found to carry Inidia's (and perhaps the world's) first advenisemetn. Said to be ccanmissioned by medieval marketing men of a grateful silk- weaving sari unit of south Gujarat, the blurb says: "However nubile iht youthful charms of a woman, and however or- namented and flower-bedecked her person, she will not be able to woo ane, win her lord and master, unless she dons a pair of our glorious woven silk apparel." The public relations experts also, who rely on the appeal of "three Martini lunches" to prpmote corporate images, will feel reassured by the ancient Sanskrit proverb which said "who on earth can resist being *wed when his .liouth is full of toothsome viands? even the rnridanga (drum) makes sonorous sounds when its faces are swathed in paste." So like the claims made for flying machines, miclear bombs and computer-friendly mathematics, P. R. and advertising began in India years ago.

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- 163 INDIAN EXPRESS

TUESDAY, JULY 4, 1989 Just rhetoric? UBLIC memory may or may not be short. but Rajiv PGandhi's contempt for it is as evident and asenormous as his contempt for truth, for facts, even for hisown utterances. His renewed rhetoric on the Anandpur Sahib Resolution is of a piece with this trait and tactic. The other day Mr Gandhi compared the Anandpur Sahib Resolution to the Muslim League's Lahore Resolution by sticking to which the League ensured the . When the Prime Minister ofa country makes such a categorical statement, the people cannot but take notice, especially when the assertion is repeated ad nauseum over the 200 and odd transmitters of Doordarshan. The Prime Minister's smear remindsone of similar, statements he made dain and day out during the 1984 election campaign. But, elections over. therewas a sea- change in his perception of and reaction to thesame Anandpur Sahib Resolution. Onl% a few months after the election. Mr Gandhi said that the -Gcnernment didnot want the Akalis to repudiate the resolution in its entiretyas a pre-condition for talks on the Punjab issue; onl)some points inthe resolution were objectionable, he said. without specifying those points. The Akalis did not repudiateany of the points of the resolution. Nor did Sant Harchand Singh Longowal before he signed the Accord with Rajis Gandhi. And not only that. The Accord r:ferred the resolution to the Sarkaria Commission on Centte-State relations. Thus aresolution which, according to the Prime Minister,isas mischievous and divisive as the Muslim League's resolution was referred to a commission of inquiry! Would Mahatma Gandhi or Pandit Nehru hae referred the Lahore Resolution to a commission of inquiry? The White Paper on Punjab. published on July10.1984 by the Government itself. explicitly stated that -the propositions contained in Anandpur Sahib Resolutionon Centre-State relations were at total variance with the basicconcept of the unity and integritof the nation as expressed inour Constitution. These cannot be acceptedeven as a basis for discussions". That being the considered assessment of the Central Government. Rajiv Gandhi put his signatureson the Punjab Accord which can be read and certainly read bythe Akalis to accept the latter's claim that the resolution "is entirely within the framework of the Indian Const;tution." Nor is that the end. Today Rajiv Gandhismears the Opposition once again for espousing the Anandpur Resolu- tion. But whenever the Government has neededto invoke their weight on its side it has been at pains to emphasise that the Opposition endorses its stand in rejecting the resolution than the stand of the Akalis! Thesame White Paper no less tries to insinuate as much! Are these just the utterances of a humb!ing rhetorician or those of a person who will go to any length toserve his convenience of the moment? In eitherevent, must the country not, call a halt to them?

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Express News Sersies Development and news featuresbeen given by a reporter in the field.the 7.30 news bulletin for Channel 2 done by tbe reporters art held over The news room officials say that thisand this has certainly not endeared NEW DELHI, Aug 1by the news editors on duty. For lackis because their voices are terrible,them to their desk-bound colleagues. While Doordarshao's coverage ofof space. say the news editors. Out ofand that letters have been comingSome of the correspondents are on .news in 823 election year has becomespite. say the correspondents. Before from viewers complaining abqut thethe war path anti have taken to a contentious issue. the' news orp--the current Parliament session pronunciation of the new correspon-complaining to the Director-General nisation within the TV network hasstarted the news ecliton would say dents. whenever they have a problem. link time to worry about theskind of.that not enough stories were coming The reporters say that they feel Credibility news h is putting out. It is far morefrom the new reporters. After nthey have been thlown to thc wolves. engrossed in an internal bank wag-started there has been no space toThey have retaliated by taking their The DG has met both groups ing in its news morn with no signs ofaccommodate whatever thq mightnrievanctstotheDoordarshan togifitltster and separately. let up.; t week he met the news editors Ptiag. Sotk, have' been givenDirectorate it Manch House. The trouble began more than two tzthenews &nit. most of which And with that the bank has quick-and promised them that the crisis months ago With the influx of IS neware not to their liking. ly become e braider one. There iswould be shortly defused. He did. news correspondents aud assistant They were asked to translate Somelink love Jost between the program-however, tell them that the COrres- news correspondents. They wereof the items about the Prime Ministerme cadre which nuts the Directoratepondents should be allowed to func- fresh from.their training at Pune andinto either Hindi Or English depend-and the IIS cadre which runs thetion as ednors since their training had at the Centre! Production Centre ating on which laniguage hc had spokenNews Division. But the Director-been fairly comprehensive. He sug- Siri Fort and their induction wasin. They felt that this witS not theGeneral and the 'Additional Director-jested that both sides work in har- supposed to make Doordarshan'skind of thing the) had been recruitedGeneral and the Additional Director-mon. news a lot more newsy. The Govern-and trained for. General in charge of news and cur- The Ministry of Informatioh and ment had also 'pent $ lot of money When the correspondents were de-rent affairs at .Mandi House call theBroadcasting has also been in the on them: Rs 2.5 lakh each, according Voyed to help prepare the eveningshots. picture with the news editors meeting to a Mend House estimate. ulletins, the news eatoes dui not the Secretary for Information and But what began as teething trou-take kindly to it. One of them threw a Mandi House has begun to decreeBroadcasting. Mr P. Murari, It has bles threatens to become an enduringfit and say he could not work with athat the reporters should take over,not. however, moved as yet to defuse confrontation between the .new re-reporter sitting across from him. Hesome of the news editors functionsthe tension. porters and the 12 news editors whowent on protest leave for a while and.and start handling bulletins indepen- When were training in Pune belong to the Indian Informationinturn,was threatenedwitha dently. The news editors see this as aseme of the new recruits in the course Service (IIS). The Director and Jointtransfer. thseat to their turf. They also see it asof recording their perceptions about DirettOr of the News Division also Others complain that even thougha move try the programme peopie intheir fyture role had said that they belong to the 115. The news editorsthey are such a hand-picked bunchMandi House to put the IIS in theirthoughttheir job was to restore feel the reponers have come in withthe correspondents dn't write properplace.- The latter cadre alleges thatcredibility to Doordarshan and bring elevated notions about themselves. news reports or show enough newsthough one IIS man retired recentlyback professionahsm in the news. '"They think they are the cat's whis-judgment. front Mandi House his post has notThe news editors pooh-pooh such kers," said one. The reporters, or at Even when their stories are usedbeen filled from 'someone from thenotions. Not all the reporters in the kast the more experienced amongtheir voices are not, so that viewershalTit cadre, and the effort is to edgecriuntncan restorecredibilityto them, feel that the news 'editors arewil not often guess that what thethe HS out of TV iobs altogether. Doordirshan. the% ).ay. the political feeling insecure and penalising themnewsreader isreading outisnot At the DG's insistence the newcompulsions of the medium .being for their own insecurity. culled from news agency copy but hascorrespondents are how prepanngwhat thcare.

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MUNN lama- Tio Dadra Temple H OTered pow. sod Idact 143 the tryvt4011 soot WIPlanderpowair 4.4%4 4s+ Ws por+444+4 The ..a .. . 1,44*po *ow 1.111..... Htortyno 1111111.. PonepootWog* 1 f) (1 RajyaSabhauproar overP.M.'sremark Opposition wantsapology From Our Spccial Representative NEW DELHI, Tuesday. The lilkjya Sabha was thrown into .turmoil this morning when Oppositionmembers blocked Question Hour demanding an apology fromthe Prime Minister for hiS having referred to them as "limpets" in the otherHouse yesterday. Argu- ! merit was followed byslogan-shouting, &fill .finally a walk-out.- Mr Rajiv Gandhi. who answcn.the other" "He should be made to ; questions on Thesdays, said he wasanswer. to apologize", said Mr L. K Advani °UPI,- and Mr M.S. ,ready to debate the issue of resig- nations from the Lok Sabha, andGurapadaswamy tJD) maintained was prepared for Question Hour tothat -the Prime Minister used the be suspended. Mr P. Shiv Shankar.,floor of the other House to cast as. mustresign - _lusteroftheHouse,initiallypersions on this House. Is it proper arguedthat there was nothingor right Declaring thai "it is our wrong with what Mr Gandhi hadright to resign" Mr Ghosh wanted said, but later accused the Opposi-the Prime Minister to withdraw the tion for lacking a sense of humourremark oavoid split The Chairman, Dr Shankar Day- Mr Gandhi said he was willing al Sharma. did not respond to the"to cancel Question Hour and de. Opposition's plea that as custodianbate now if the Opposition wants". of the dignity of the House he ask "No question of debate", said Mr the Prime. Minister to retract. DrP Upendra (TD), "Insult is insult. noing(I)' Sharma remained aloof, let the up-not a mi,tter of' debate" said Mr , ; roar continut, only now and thenGurupadaswamy. pointing out that Question Hour Mr Shiv S.Iankar asked "what's :Front dur Staff Correspondent should not be disrupted. He laterwrong with what the PM said ab- . , . criticized the behaviour, saying heout you resigning7 It is absolutely ?1EW DELHI, iftesday. was "ashamed". justified" but Mr Gurupadaswamy Mr K 11. gardae Gow- While Mr Gandhi more than oncesaid Mr Gandhi had insulted Parli- made it clear he was ready for aament. it was unprecedented that Who Was expelled lebate, Opposition members saidremarks were expunged and then nt -thetongresa(I) in insult could not be debated. Therestored, "I want to tell the Prime Prime Minister clicl not reply to aMinister that it is not a matter for *past week immediate- pointed query from Mrs Renukadebate or discussion". .111ter be wrote to the Chowdhury (TD) about whether he Mr Gandhi said it was "highly Kinister criticizing felt justified in calhng Oppositionunfortunate that facts are taken as members what he did. insult" Adding, fail to under. 'haling -party's handl- The House erupted as soon as thestand what the Opposition objec- of ihe PAG report in Chairman walked in at II a.m., thetion is, if they are willing to articu- leaders of the Opposition partieslate their objection Opposition tient- laid here to- were ontheirfeetprotestingmembers wereshoutingloud. ..ithitif _the Prime against Mr Gandhi having called"Who isa limper" asked Mr them "limpets" for not resigning.Gurupadaswarny. 0(14 not _resign Mr Dipen Ghosh (CPI-M) opened, .1 f1f .I..it' :the Con- the barrage: "The P.M. has flouted 6..Z.:11 rules by referring to this House in woOld Ora; isat 45 siding party had congratubated hi= tor his *ow In the pair boun shim he here, War& Crowds bave dropped atone ht a wood. tf the ash hi the pond are ;Sive, Vat r-4,Rple *IQ make move

169 Congress-I not weakened by Opposition action: P.M. Prom Our Special Representative ThNEW DELHI, July 28. *valuationprocedures and make them thsough The re- e Prime Minister said port only meted why the direc- today that the recent ac- tive al the Prime Minister was 1 tons of the Opposition ast tithes into wiconst". ihad not weakened the Mr Gandhi said that it was now Congress(I)whichwasclew that the actions of the Optns bon did not arise because of s conildent that it enjoyedwas contained in the CAG report or the trust and confldenceout of any respect or regard thi., of the people, and that thisthey had tor democracy or to- tnr Constitubon The Op pos,Lo would be decisively re-wished to have SOMR put,Lsr:ty flectedinthecomingfrom their thes.ncs The people of the country -would, howee se< general elections. through their game,- Mr Gandhi The Opposition action had onlyasserted undermuied democracy end PT) adds Mr Gandhi said that weakened democratic institutionswell. knownOpposs .)n Wade s "This a proech to politics chosenhke Mt A B Vse lyre and Nir L by the Opposition went eirattstesAdvani of a e ISJP andMI'iyoti ideals a that Beau and Mr E S Gandhi and Nehru stood for. boodinpad of the CPIiM who had Anremng meeting of the Con-different and distinct ideolog,i /kJ Parliamentary Party. Mrand national perspectives. were to- cTii lexpressed hie regret thatday being "led in the pobtical nue whereof his party was trying toto participate Li, a drama b, sir e sherigthen democrscy byone whose only claim to fame was measures like the devolution ofthe celluloid". =tO the people (through tht lbe Government is almost readY arm Ral and Nagarpalikawith the proposed ,onstitunor.a: Bills),-the Opposition isbentamendment Rill devolving pnwers upon weakening the very mote ofSo murucipabties. corporations and democracy". The Pnme Minister did not likenaLleP4bveyuklsrir.i to CongresarT to go into the details of what hemIL Pa,Use Minister said the been said ir the Comps:el/a andconstitutional amendment Bih Auditor-Generel's report Tbe Gov.come up for coninderation and ap anment's ponuon hu been made by the Cabinet tomorrow deer in the last two days by theThis saw had also been gone into Defence Minister, Mr It, C. Putt.hy the CPP(I) group on nags, Mr Gandhi added Out the Gro-palikes, chaired by Mr 8 1.. 13hatia wthe=l/diedto thanes and CAG report m Special Representative The Government had matted the adds:. The Congreaeli Working CAG na. port to be referred to the Cummins's today adopted a Public Accmaits Coalmine., But her - poll Mal reset ut ion both m the Lott Sabha and In the criticised the Opposi. &Ors &abbe the Opposition had Um for mooing 'serious ero- made the report an name and de- S im of the /my basis of our mended that it should be ducua pas Ithentstary dewary It is e ed The CongresatTi readily agreed reeseure of thee political dr- to Mrs demand and salad for an eperstiacthat the Opposition feriniediste debate The Wnportant elelaled mpartiameneryoorm point ts thet tt was the Opposition which Tad demanded the debate W eimer and decorum towards =the only fault of the Con- the end of the term erf the was thin it responded and eighth Loh Sabha^. agreed to the Opposition's demend The resolution said that "after Immediately Mathes than goingobstructing the proceedings in de. through with their own demand forfiance of the Chair, the Opposit,oe discussion, the Commit= ranstaged the drama of resigning their o wly," be said meta This action te a violation of The Prise Minister said thatthe trust repooed by the people Ow emestioa should be asked who elected them It ts indicative as ta why the Otion ran of the deans of the Opposition to away. It wee kcar theyyust away &oat thrum rather than manned that them wee nu face them". thingInthe CAG = The working corrunntee stud -It against Win (the Prime ts now cleat that by noining away ion 'If soy ems leeks at the from the Lott Sabha. the oppos siodit report, mat woold note non has demonstrated to the pep- that the report had looked at piethatapartfrom',begat'. e Woes from the financial angle obstruction. t hes nothing posluve If tbe CAG report dote et:elate to offer to the peoole' say edentate to the Prima The CWCM said that the Oppos1 Mlnistes, it focusses attention Don was engaging in "cheap tscr co the Prime Mistster's Doting ties- as ti was seeing the epertrt of ea the need to tighten finatacial defeat looming large as in 1971

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ISMS: TERROR,SEPARAT, NATIONAL.... Isms could be religions as in Catholicism, or political philosophies as in socialism, or economic theories as in capitalism, or national conditions like nationalism or imperialism. This set of isms applicable to India and other nations today deal with internal problems and one of the methods employed to reach that goal (separatism and terrorism).

Nationalism is surging in Eastern Europe as Soviet satellites attempt to establish a new identity Poland and Hungary. Even within the Soviet Union, nationalistic fervor is growing Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia seek a greater voice. Riots have occurred in same of the southern republics as minority Armenians seek a separate area.

Within India many factors have lead to the desire on the part of certain groups to seek a new nation. Language, religion, ethnic identity are all major factors. In the Punjab, a minority of the oft-maligned Sikhs are seeking a separate state called Khalistan. In Kashmir, the Mbslem majority wants to join Pakistan, the arch.- enemy of India. In the northeast states, referred to as the "7 Sisters," "tribals," as the papers refer to them, are seeking redress for many alleged injustices. Generally, the government's attitude is one of contempt/disdain or one of overreaction as in the case of the at Amritsar.The armed guards and soldiers en- camped by the hames of the wealthy and government officials in Delhi indicate the real threat of terrorism. Reality is that these people are dangerous and their goals are real although the eventuality of achieving separate states or dropping out of India are virtually impossible.

1) Compare India's separatist movements to those in the U.S.A. around 1860 and those taking place in the Soviet Union and Europe this year.

2) Read several of the articles and describe the government's attitude towards the separatists. What approaches would you suggest?

3) How does the government of India sow the seeds fo.r.- its own demise in India? Give specific examples from the articles attached here. Dealing withPunjab By M. N. Such

of Italy. was kidnapped-by the Rcd NE ofPhe mostdepressingpare Northern Ireland with Punjab, things about our handling of theand submit my view that whilst theBrigade. the police detained a sus- 0 pect. The investigating officer sought Punjab is the general str of pessim-former probe* represents an insu- permission to apply extreme third ism, a certain cleft' that pervadesperable problem, the latter is amen- amome the peopie at the top rc-able to a fairly' rapid solution, pro-degree. The answer of General G dellq Chiesq. head of the Carabi- srrlfor affairs there. Whilstvided we handle it properly. nieri. was classic, He said. -Italy can te seems to be acceptance of This is not being doneI am not terrorism as a long-term problem. survive the death of Aldo Moro. but singing now in the Amnesty-PUCL-it cannot survive the reintroduction thr.reisalso a comparison of thePUDR groove, I speak as one who thatin of torture." situationin Punjab with spent 28 years in the 1AS before Can India survive it? In any case Northern Ireland. Whilst there mayresigning and who. had circumst- be points of similarity between theances permitted, might have beenthe most debased butchers who run two situations. thes are cenamlv not these interrogation chambers are but called upon to officially -viace myuntutored kids when compared with parallel. Northern Ireland is shirplyviews on record in files. The police is divided on sectarian lines between the professionals of the Gestapo virtually king. with the paramilitaryIllegal arrest, torture and reprisal ETwho are ethnically of the sameforces being judge, jury and execu-killings turned thc French from a ePliifstock The Roman Catholics,tioner rolled into one. The District who are a minorit) b} a small margin.Magistrate and the Superintendent ofnation of collaborators into patriotic want independence from the BritishPolice who, as a tcam, elsewhere"Martins-. and in Yugoslavia tied and union with thc Repunc of Eire.protect the citizens from abuse ofdown 40 divisions of German troops The Protestant majonty wants a con-power by officials, are irreles ant andin anti-partisan operations during the tinuation of the British union Thehelpless spectators. a fact which isSecond World War, Will we end with evers Punjabi being hostile to Go% Republican Armyemphasised by SPs themselves With CatholicIrish ernment" Can we then rule Punjab' (IRA) was in the vanguard of thethe notorious torture techniques ap- Sinn Fein revolt against British ruleplied in Punjab to extract confes- Julio %beim says that the Punjabis and its weapon was the gun. There is.sions. the law has beer amended toarc totally fed up of terrorism, but therefore. a long history of violencepermit admissibility ot confessionsthey are not pro-Government Ter- in Ireland. going back to the medie% rorism will cnd within a year of the before a designated police officer aspeople accepting Government as a al English attempts to establish hege-evidence in a trial. People arc picked The Irish Protestants friend. Let us temporarily go back to mons up.illegallydetained beyond 24the British system of ruling a turbu- (Orangemen) have faced violencehours without being produced before with violenceIn Ireland there is aa magistrate. subjected to third de-knt province. They put one man in war of liberation on the one hand andgree and, may be. kilJed. Mr N,S,charge of each district. the DC. and a strong religiuus reaction on theSaksena. I.P. (Retd, a former policecentred all authority in him The SP other Terronsm is an outcome ofofficer of great distinction,is onwas his partner and running mate As a non-regulation province the Pun tab this situation and is one of the r-:..rarecord to state that many encounters tames ot war. in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab arehad a minimum of codes. laws anJ fake. The innocent die just as endsregulations and a maximum of local as the guilty if they happen to standinitiative. The DC and SP ran the By contrast. neither the Punjab of the Governor held the reins Rarpt Singh, nor of John Lawrence. before an aimed gun. show, . of loosely and pve gentle guidance nor in the present day, is a scene Judicial power also vested in the DC iectananorreligious inter-racial. Torture chambers quickly conflict The Sikh and the Hindu are and wrong-doers were booked after a summary trial DCs not adversaries there. Nor isthere a Are the citizens of Punjab not war of liberation, for even that muchentitled to tht equal protection ofand SPs were hand-picked and peo- ple reposed faith in their sense qf tortured soul. Simranjit Singh Mann.laws under Article 14 of the Constit,. justice and fauplay. Gerald Templar has publicly repudiated the nonsen- tion" Part 111, Chapter 4, Indian sical slogan of Khalistan. What weEvidence Act, clearly lays tht burdendid much the same in Malwya. with of proof on the party alleging athe most telling resultsWhat we have in Punjab is a political struggle and govern for power. pelf and influence, inparticular fact, that is. on thc pro-have doneisto trs which the Congress is as much asecution in a criminal case. A basicPunjab from Delhi. make the tx- irrelevant and let loose the paramilit- participant as the Akalis plank of Anglo-Saxon criminal juris- One must, therefore, see the Pun-prudence. on which our laws areary forces an a populace becoming increasingly hostile to their actions jab polincal scene holisticallyThe based, is that an accused is innocent difference between Punjab and other till proved guilty, The so-called inter-What purpose will thc Panchayati Raj in Punjab serve if the CRP can States is that in the former elementsrogation centres at Sangrur and in the shoot people without fear of retnbu- i of religious bigotrs. criminality. vio-Red Fort are our versions 'of thc Gestapo torture chambers at Bend-non? lence and hatred for Government Terrorism in Punjab can be con- have become intertwined with somekrstrassc and we should be ashamed of the most unprutcipled politics inof them. tained and eliminated because that the country. However. restoration of State is not Northern Ireland. For ideologically' sound politics, based on Of what valueistorture' Thethat to happen. New Delhi must shun political opportunism and givtto the immutable values, would soon isolateinformation gained is unreliable and Stateanadministration whichis thcotherelements.Permitme.the danger of permanently harming therefore to differ sith thc savants,an innocent person ts great When effective, pro-people and run by real- including Julio Ribeiro. who com-Aldo Moro, formerly Prime Ministerly top class officers.

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0. 3 terrorists among8 shot in Punjab CH ANDIGARH. August 7 WINO. Three terronsts and a medical practi- Parser were among eight persons kilkd wink security forces arrested six ultras in Punjab during the past 24 hours, One loginder Singh was shot dead near Moga in Faridkot district today. Tve.,unidentifiedterrorists were shot dead in aa encounter between Bamala and LAhowali villagesin Tarn Taran police district (Amritsar) this morning One AK-47 rilk, eight magazines and three letter heads of the "Krialistan Commando Force" were recovered from the site of the encounter. In another encounter in the same police district, security forces gunned down one more unidentified terrorist near Boob village lastnight. His three accomplices managed to es- cape. The district police chief. Mr aside. Singh, said some ammunition was recovered from the site of the en- counter. Terrorists shot dead two brothers at Dhardhian village in Majitha police distnct (Amritsar) this morning The victims were identified as Sukhdev Singh and Davinder Singh. Terrorists shot dead a bank gun- man,ideltifiedsa BisherSingh Rawat. in the industrial arra here this morning. However. the Chandigarh home secreury. Mr P.K.Verrna. claimedit was nota terrorist crime bt.t a case of attempted robbery

ARMSSEIZED: Secuntsforces confiscated as many as 11.410diffe- rent types of arms including 3S rocket launchers.fromPunjab between

1%4 and an0 thccc were lying with the State Ginern- mcnt, The Minister of Statetor Home Affairs. Mr POfidamharam. toldMr Samar Mukherieein a %writ- ten answer As manyas 17rocket launchers.575 pistols. 154 resolvers and 166AK-47 rifles were confis-

cated this +rearalone . he added. FOREIGN HAND: Thereis some evidenceof terrorists in Jammuand Kashmirrecrisingsupport from sources outside India.Mr Chidam- haram told Mr AnandSharma in written answer.According toin- formation availahk.a numher of persons from the Valks hadreceived arms and training for creatingdos- orderm the Slate In rep4toanother question. the Minister said 691orga- nised spy networkswere detected by the Government since1980 Deaths in custodycastshadowonpolice force

"Death in police custodyfifth metropolitan magistrate hashavesuicidaltendencieswhilestage when no one believes what sVe alleged". cold storage a private members' Bill ordered the CHI to conduct an in-others commit suicide unable tosa ." to amend the Cr.P.C. by providinv "Sub-inotrvoq. shoots rowdy toquiry into the incident. withstand mental agony and damage 1-fowever,the city police commis-more safeguards to protectthe death.' But surprisingly, these incidentsto their reputation. But they dosioner. Mr R. Ramalinaam, does "COD inJered to probe lock-up rights of an arrestedperson. have not drawn the public attentionadmit that many a time it is the over-not agree that the third degree The then Janata MLC and profes- death". as is the Rashced murder case. Butenthusiasm to extract informationmethods are in existence. "In fact,SOT of law in the Indian Institute of Headlines like these appearino inthen. the Rasheed case involvesawhich results in the death of de-we are exorting ottf officers to in- the local press these deys are indica- Management, Prof B.K.Chan- then minister, Mr R.L. Jalappa,$tenus. creasingly use scientific methods of tive of the fact that of late deaths in drashekar. moved the Bill inWM DCP, Mr K. Narayan, and several Several officers object to brand-investigation," he says. according to which an arrestedper- police custody are quite frequent. policemen. Since Mr Rasheed wasing the police responsihle forthesç There have been three deaths in But this apart. it is a fact that onlyson be served with the reasons for an advocate his fraternity had comedeaths. They feel that 011 seVer, a few cases are registered against thehis detention. It also soughtto give police custody this year in Banga-out against the state government0=510115 it is not the police who ar lore, shaking further the already police and almost no convictionsarean opportunity to a person to hand- and forced it to concede their de-responsible for the deaths as - reported, despite torture beinga cri-over the order of his arrest to any eroded confidence of the peopk inmand ordering a CBI inquiry.tenus commit suicide without the police force. Of the three incidents, minal act punishable under Sectionsperion of his choice in his locality Soon thr events happened in quickknowledge of the police. 330 and 331 of the Indian Penal The then Janata governmentcre- the CBI' and the COD have beensuccession. the DCP and other Some officers confide that they asked to investipte one each while Code with a maximum ofsevenated some sort of history by treating. the third is urr a departmentalpolicemen had been arrested andare forced to resort to third degreeyearn' imprisonment. Non November I, 19S6, the proposal Mr Jalappa secured an anticipatorymethods on a hardened criminalas According to figures availableas an official Bill, as normally a pri- probe. bail. any other methods will mit help The latest in tba series of deaths with the police, a total of 34 deathsvate member's Bill is either with- The Rasherd murder case sentthem extract information. Pressuresin Custody have been reported be-drawn or voted out. cams on July 14, from Vyalikavalshock-waves in the entire policefrom various quarters,including police station. H. Rangappa, an ac- tween l980 and 1988 in the statei According to Prof Chandruhe- force of the state. Police officersfrom their top brass and the general kar,. cused in a cheati% case, the police Bangalore rural and Bijapur dis- even the opposition parties confided that detection of crime inpublic, act upon them to take thetricts' police stations have a largewanted to hack the Bill but thegas claimed, hanged Mtmlf to deaththe city came down last year as acase seriously and deal with the ac-share in this with six deaths each.ernmcnt decided to keep it in cold from the ceilieg of the toilet in thedirect result of the Rasheed inci-cused. "Without applying third de- police station. The ACP, Kengeri But Karnataka stands nowhere,storage following protests from the dent. gree methods, we cannot just detectsay top police officers, if a compari-police The Bill died a natural death Gate division. is investigating the in- Interestingly, there was only cases," said one officer adding that folio% my ttisolui cident. one son is made hetwecn the figures of of the .t. alleged lock-up death in the city lastresorting to such methods has he-,other states with that of Karnataka.bly.. The Vyslikaval incident comesyear as against three already re-come the "occupational hazard." close on the heels of two more They point out that therewere as However, custodial deaths con- ported this year. But getting involved in such inci-many as104 kick-up deathsintinue, destite adverse publicity to it alleged deaths in police custody. Many feel that death in police cus-dents apart from being factuallyAndhra Pradesh in fouryears en-Perhaps it is time especially since Raghu, an accused in a murder case,tody is the sign of growing ruthless-indulging in violence has actedding 1988. Karnataka registered an all-time died in the custody of Kengtri Gateness and unchecked power of theupon the police tellingly. "The num- Section 41 of the Criminal Proce-high figures for lock-up deaths last polite early this year. A COD in-police. Torture, they say. isin-ber of officers known to handledure Code and recent laws likeyear that steps were taken to pre- quiry his been ordered into the inci-creasingly being used with sadisticcrime cases efficiently is slowly de-National Security Act and Terroristsvent the recurrence of such crimes. dent as the then city police commis-malevence, to extract informa-creasing and they are prefering non-and Disruptive Activities Act, haveAs a police officer rightly said: "We sioner, Mr S.N.S. Murthy, express-tion, to either settle scores or toexecutive jobs fearing their involve-armed police aggres;ion with furth-,are ready to face any kind of press- ed his iisability to investigate. teach "a lesson- to the personCon;ment in custodial deaths. A policeer power. However. Karnataka losture or disturbance but Mt deaths in In yet another incident. Shekarcaned, officer feces many obstacles in per-an opoortunity to get the credit ofcustody. it not only puts a black alias "Ststion". Shekar, an alleged But police officers feel that thereforming his duties properly, and they mark on the police officer rowdy, was shot dead by a sub becoming the first state to amend con- are different reasons for deaths intake off one's interest in the joh it-Section 41 of the ( 'r, P. C. a fewyearscerned, but casts a shadow on the inspector at the former's house incustody. According to them, someself It is no surprise if one loses faith:igoAfter proiest from the policeimage of the entire polar filter Banasawadi, early this month, Die of the arrested persons normallyin oneself. for we has e reached:4 foice, the stare governmentput in B.S. ARUN Landlords abet dacoity "some rich people andrelease them Over 50 notorious gang leaders, It was also By V. V. P. SHARMA including Mema Ahir, MIA Mallah,after extraacereel ransom". The T'Wes of India News Service he who y urged thecriminals Nagendra Noniya, and another 3,000 into gangs". BETT1AH (West Chainparan). gang members orsmall-time crimi-to "organise themselves July 16. nals have mimed in this decade. The dacoits have to depend onthe EPEATED efforts by the OfficiC statistics show that 700landed aristocracy. for their existence Bihar government to checkmurders, 800 daconies and 250 kid-It is a known fact if a landlord is R nappings were committedin thedisplcacal with a dacoit leader,he crime in Cbamparan have failed.Champaran range this decade, theraises another protege and getsthe All because the landzdnumber of or hushed upforiner killed by the new leader. aristocracyof thearearep-cases being=10per cent. TwoOtherwise, the landlord simply tips resented by alroup of 100 famil-years after launching themuch-publi-off the police about the dacoits' ies wished ill') be So. cised "operation black panthee',thehideout, and an "enconnter" takes In local parlance, five of thesegovernment resigned itself to thefactplace. families, owning large estates, arethat "crime could be checkedonly by called "vice-chancellors.' of the "uni-the continuous presence of para- In return for the safety of their versity of criminals", an epithet givenmilitary forces",whichithopedlives, the dacoits "aid" the landlords to this district by a Britisher, with thewould "force the criminals to seekin managing their estates and "over- remaining constituting the "faculty" see" smuggling of precious wood shelter elsewhere". along the Indo-Nepal border. But The conditions prevalent in the In spite of their caste loyalties,there has been a new development in districtare congenialforriseinthese dacoities act as mercenaries for Man.: of the ghats of the anyone willing to pr,. They art usedrecent crime. The families, like the Ram Gandar rrilv-errn Charnparan have Nagar. Bilaspur, Barpon. Dumariaby powerful contractors, smugglers,beenpurchasedbydeceits with and Shikarpur estates, ownlandlords and politicians who arefinancial assistance from the land- thousands of acres of surplus land.affluent but not aristocratic aim*lord& They also pay for the mainten- This is tilled by poor farmers aided bytocommandrespectfromtheance of the ghats, repairs ofboats and landless agricultural labourers, thedacoits. The murder of the Congesssalaries of oarsmen, all of whom are two sections constituting 90 per centMLA, Mr Trilok Harijan, aa thesaid to be criminals. of the population. kiduapping of Mr Kisanlal Arora, Thecriminal-policenews is The criminals, products o; feudalowner of a restaurant here, art recentanother indication of the landlords from dis-instances. It is said Basudeo kid- oppression ranging napped Mr Arora at the instance ofdominance in Champaran.Official ,sossession from their land to rapeof sources admitted that morethan half their women, belong to backwardsome contractors ofValmikinagar and extnicted a ransom of Rs 2 lakhsof the police force belong toforward classes and tribal communities.On castes. A classicexample is the al- the other hand, over 60 per centof thebefore releasing him. The credit for introducing the con-leged threats meted out tothe late Mr government machinery iscontrolled Harijan by an office in chargeof a by three forward castes. Not tobecept of "kidnapping for ransom" goes to a senior police official who wasparticular police station whenthe taken lightly is the fact the asizeabk former had raised the issueof the section of Bihar's bureaucraesandposted in the district in the early '80s. He asked the criminals to stop "un-murder of a Tharu tribal.Kash! politicians are either drawn from Mahto, by a wood smugglers' gang themnec.!-ssary" murders and dacoities these families or are related to last year. inamage. ano instead advised them to kidnap

8P2T Twenty-six Injured BHUBANESWAR, July28. Yin,*Anita artiVitt.. dead inFaridkot immediate inquiry into the **Mega) CHANDKARH. Juts 15 (PTITop b acquired assets" of the Orissa ahas Dsala in, Chief Minister, Mr J. 11. Patnaik. terrorist. Dsal Singh the PCCar) ebbe& Mr K. C. Lenkn. Moga 'yoked in the lune 2i 'And other CenilreasCOMinisters. and hn . two accomplices wereshot turned violent in front of the In- dead t,i a fier..e encounter inf aridkot come-Mx Commissioner's office (Intro in Puniah reports said. here today. They clashed wioh the here pohce: MI people including three Elsewhere in thr state two officers and one MLA. were terrorlsk and constahli: %herr shot estrerni,ts with arm,jnd muffle oebirtad when the dead and . demonstrators tried to gatecrash ammunition arrestedand 14 person ;into the Commissioner's office, ig- injured in past 23 hours.the report, awing appeals from mune of the said *nice leaders pleasant, %eluding Dsala a selt-sts led'Lt-General the Yuva Janata president. Mr filattnikantallohant7. and Mr the 'IS.halisran Lihrrationoh.e rnd Rs 5t1.41011 on hi **ants Jens MLA. Later, a dele- carrsing a rcrA aid %)1 rectrultillgorerMr Mohanty met the head, and two ol hisaccompliers *er . and submitted a shot and killed during anenLounio niernorandtunto himwhich with a iciint naka parts01 the Puril.:1 litriret sm=ritTies against police and CRPf insillage1.'s.ahan khurd Khote. underMoga Sadd.rt MohantY said the Conunissioner police station inI aridkot distri:t had mauled them he would look intothe allegationsandtake Thr Joint naka partsengaced th . ,1!1,,r necessary action. Cerreopon- three terrorists in an encounter dept. thes on heing diallenFeJopened 11101.1.1,_

RAMPAGE 1111"JAViANS: The Gtmernmcm has ordered en inquars into an incident insolsing a large number of Arms jawams based in Elikanor, armed with iron rod and lathis. who went on a rampage at the Lalgarh RJIIM3% Station and hrutalis heat up the railwas staff and passen. tters on Juls 5, the minister said in repls to a_ question

Chinon firing Two shot dead Wif1LON. July 38 Oneperson PATNA. (UNI). Suspected Natabtes was killed and over 100 others, in- shot dead two persons and injured eluding 70 policemen, were initurd when police fired on agitating fish- several others at Karkoma viliage ing bast workers who turned vie. soder Meral Nock ofNarcalites lent at Sakthikulanits em theout- dominated palamau district yester- ekrirtt of tha town. evening, re- day. official sources here said today portoPIT TheCar b2which the Land dispute was suited to be the lnkter for Toles% Mr N. M. cause of the incident . travettintlwege ghers- oed the agitators workers bad aOtiftr4 for the past few 2 killed In clashes days demsnding hthqg or the Gov- HYDERABAD, (PTI): Two penons ernesent's ban on bawling br were killed and atleast 14 injured mechimiaed fishing boats along the when tworival;withaligroups coast during the monsoon mason clashed at Nadikudi village inGuntur as a.measureforconserving &strict, miciday. The Mal groups fisheries resources. numbering about 400 hurledseveral, allarpkwismilliammilimiemloviliproupwarmak. bombs at each other,&wording to police sources here

- 182 REGIONAL at STATES.. Novel policeway to fight Naxalites By G. S. YAW approached the AP High Coo/triceThe plight of 50-year-old Sommer- sion from the Marstnite to brmg Emma Nonni Service a visit of habeaus corpus di_ acting stemma of Waranpl was ndserabk tbe two to the gate in connection du police to produce the wising HYDEARBAb, July 31 after the disappearance of her son with a case aod they were cons c- persons before the court. The V4sda Wakeless-ado alias Pre-' The disappearenee of BMA and Ra- court asked the Governmeot to niendy "disappeared" enroute. jamallu - activists of the kmk "abducted" by the police inThe police have app2rently employed submit a repon oe the missing Apra Iasi year: din method even against ordinary War f'srm.v, which led totre . pennon. ing Offs hismthil Praia %tithed #ccatsed in nine aiminal cases. Pra- ,aiminahlf the frequent allegations -flvictimits s reigned to in the iledtioo ttheientsereTgase political activities and president and the abduedon of two belonged to the Nualite domin- by their kith and .kin against the othet MPP chiefs before the Gov- to the pofice. He was poike ace to be believed. ated district of IlCariatnaprand...,jaillod in hme 1986 and released on : ernment instituted a judid inquiry 'One such instance is that of 20-year- Aditabad while a few other eases GoMarch 31 last year but was old Raju, ao alkyd thief. whose is not an isolated inexact. There from Warangal *ad are, intact. many such cues which sooe rearrested and remanded to body was found wry near the &Strict& iodide' custody on a fresh charge. have dot come to light et at One of the latesi page maks itlated Salfabed police station at the citya Thouih Andhra PrThil has traded "He was gain attested and released fewdaysafterbereportedly to Ch. Ramaswasny (32) of Men- oo bag the knowing month. He escaped from the custody of the Doustiety for "encounter" " - &Jinn in Adilabad district. &D- for more than decade sew lovas picked op at the jailgates and police on July 2. in the Sinpressi Collieries. has been missing eves since". the canoiving the 'disappearance of ElecZrendgated to haw been whisked aping mother said While Raju's mother allegesthat hcr leading members of -this extremist may by the Seeded Task Force on vaa badbeen lier in theGandh) group has lately been one of the The next swine she tact bet sini in May 15 this year. Ms wife snd Shyampet police station arid was NNW police station more than a methods of the police of "root our smelt children made futile mends month and Wined. the police Nazalism. even told that beil pepen were . . to the police station, So ler. the Acing signed for his release. But version ei diat Raju escaped from There have been at kis 20 cases of cops -have OM dial:loud his where- their custody while he was being -FWD activists being picked iv' by , -the promisedreleasedidnot abouts materialise. On May 25 when the Onenogmed. They said they knee the pojice in the last three years.Civil rights activists allege that there parents met the police officers. nothing about him until his body 2101 of them either disappeared or are not accidental happeninp. but was traced. 1Weed up est unidentified dead they flatly denied the invest and ETvcoil a deliberate police of the the proposed rekase: What isThe other cases referred to by the bodies. The modus operandi of tbc mem to &pm of inconve- more. they ; police bm been to whisk than nient people in conn ivance with. eivtl'risht activists include that of sway on aome fictitious tharge sad aweabouthwtalleffeabouipedtsignOr-is A. Snnivas. Bejjanki Ravinder. the paint They collate the WisingSheikh Imam of Warangalwas then there would be no trace of of :hese prisons to the statements Chalk 'Bapu Reddy. G ,Ra Isis h. .1n order to make the Wend- allegeell/ireged and tortured to ,13. lanardlian Reddy, si Raialah = put mit by the police :hin "uniden- death. dead body was thrown 013 impouibk,thedead of njanunand tified Nattsfites;; were killed in the under an express.train on April 22. bodies were defaced with the help coMintets. Sukhieevan of Hyderabad. 1986. The next day, the police Dr Prasad of Raj of acid. It is pointed out that this is not a discovered the bo4, conducted imdrs. Kimar "'The " missing" phioomenon Juis casual phenomenon but a well de- Mis Venkateswar Rao ot reached such proponians that the the inquest and announced that an puram, Gellanki Otenchhu Reddy signed strategy consciousfy pur- extremist cauying explosives and AP CivilLiberties Comminte sued by the police in the Noe of and Venkateswarlu ofNetiort (APCLC) wrote to the Amnesty arms had slipped and feU under a Most of them are actvistsor sym- rising protests. A major conveni- train be was trying to board ina --Intenietionid to send its team to ence with such killings is that there pathisersofvarious Na.tahte probe the "mystery killings" by the is no evidence - no body. noTae case of Pupae= Chander of grouPs. state police durihg the Last two inquest and no magisterial Civil rights activists demand that the years. Warangal and Ramana Reddy of Government shouldinstitutea Thus, there is a link possibility of Karinusagar. Both of them were Dr K Balagopal, general secretary of the state-perpetrated crime being judiciaf inquiry into all thesecases lodged in a jail in Orissa after their as it did in the case ofIlalah and the Civil liberties Committee even proved. arrest The AP police took permit- Rajamallu.

4.

183 2 INDIA's HERBLOCK,DARCY,OLIPHANT If a picture is worth a thousand words than a cartoonis as pointed/poignant as a well-written editorial. Herblock, Oliphant, Darcy,and Lord are as famous, if nct more so, than the syndicated editorial writers.

India's political artists paint with the same pointed brush astheir Anerican counterparts. And, instudying their cartoonists, one sees the unveiling of a major donestic/internaticnal story be it here or on the subcontinent.

1) Have the students bring in a series of cartoons from the local paperreflect- ing a local, national, and international issue. Using the overhead projector, have the students explain the meaning of the cartoonist effort.

2) To teach a lesson on the Indian political scene, utilize aseries of cartoons that are found here.

3) Have the students create their own cartoons reflecting the problems youwould be covering at the moment. 186')-1 . 1 s _ J./ - / I -4 -11111 , ,11(L. 70,e 14!,t1 , , ) k 4 e" I 1 I ; AV"' -- r I 1'; I tribtwfir ,/, , rre, ;) I 111111"..-...... 111. p,

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Nothing, sir, just du usualres- ignation letter from a party Ls it s compliment sir? member saying yoaare so good, tbat you an a cheat, liar, be- buyer, we. I

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TM" . - 9 . , r 4 r , MISCELLANEOUS Okay, I had 200 plus articles and I devised a dozen categories. Out on the dining room table, I placed/spread the dozen 3 by 5 cards with the categories/ titles written on them. So now I shuffled the articles out.Where does this article go, how about this one? I was left with about ten articles that defied my divisions enjoy!! st) LIU C CO mows as, NaC Zoo >us CL.

Ce, Loa Interior Designfor a MIGHouse This nowcabinets or very narrow lunged door. A comfonable home Was to 'abeen Qiad 10 theWall ideitUy on a linked rod so that tw happ) home And in orda to have abecomes a multi purtxise table *tactcaw:te opened together comfonabk house you need a can be used at a writingtable as also floor arca. which ts notoval=a &easing table whenrequired. In todayWithin the given area youshe bedroom a nithe hasbeen pm- Arca under sink can 'have to make best use by efficienttysided by the huadet which'is to bewith openable shutters, and one 0. wardrobe. This wardsobe uting the space in tents of layout.hied at the shutzers canillaVeaportat,ik awgn. detail and coksurs so that theamid haw-iv shutters to save ondustbin basic weds of the farnik art met.the space in The bedroomThis war. The most economical "and widelydrobe is to be so designed so as to sho%er seeds. The war- The bath room can have a fived in houses todas es in the city ofmeet the individual curtails to visually divide it intotw, drdhe should consist of afeu draw- Delhi arc constructed oy the DOA. areas, the shower areaand the w osh The), make differrm categoncs forers.. a %engin space andshelves to behind trit keep &ahem A long mirror carbebasio.M.C. ILIC2. Hooks venous income brakicts. Let us take arcpracticalfor hangir to an example a categoryU Type A2fised tome of the wsrdrobe shorter:deo, built an an area of 86.9sq.meters. As you see in thr layout plan of the functions have been met. . As you enter. . you come JO10 hying room where a few sofa sea along with a centre and side t 'base been providedIn the adjacent 16 he entrance door, a long cabmel. about 7' in height. has been shown This cabinet should be shots IS' deep and can hold a TV. VC'R. a Music system books and of course

I' sonic cuno,. and displas. items.This room, is pninatils to bc used as a lobtis area or a iounge as also to

. entertain guests between the living room andMa- ' ing room as shoan 113 theillustration lanother cabine' has been provided This is a multi functional cabinet one I side of which van he osed as a storage for crocker y .cutler) and a place to keep sour toaster awl the other side . MOM* Wir 'could be used as a dispLay. This OCIPOL9441, 106611, FLOM cabinet has a split height cr. rt is 6' . aaas stomas i .1411113f sus high near the wall and the other end ONLY would be just 4' high This break in 111Alizet height will make The two areas look connected and not boxed up as also' , 2 BEDROOM UNIT (CATEGORY-11) will serve as a visual block between I FLOOR PLAN TYPE £4 thc two areas The dining room alsoI has a table for 6. enough for Me t INTERfOR LAYOUT . lamb to have a sii clown meal. In A kitchen is theht;b of the house.clothes A Mall clased storage sp4.. ease you stillfeel the shortage ofKitchen design has changed a greatin a corner for soiled clotheskeer- space yOu could put upabout a 6'deal since the introduction of manythe bathroom ma:. Area abovethi wide and to long shelves on thereliabte and well designed-bacchante-washbasin (below the nurrorl co, salt on brackets again RI differences! items wheal takes the slavery outhave a mums+ ledge to keep soap el. heights. so as to form some kind ofof smiting- co, a large rengeratorA small wall hung cabinet uithis 4T . design not only keeps a variety of fords atis handy to keep toiletrs, different temperatures, but is a longkits, medicine etc. Theshower arc., Thc master Bedroom or Bed 1, if cabinet to lkeci notice. has all the bares It has aterm store so you don't need w gomay have another .marketlog constantly. shampoo etc A couple of towelraci, uble bed which is really a box bed are B nauct tebelow thc mattress arc shutters Kitchea jet a grrat.ikal of hard sed on hinges wins% can be Wteduse. ao dtoose materials, both for hi the other bedroom again and the area below uSecl kW swage evrk tops and floors .**kb willhave 2 single beds, basica% mato, The head board agam is about 6'mellow well and be impregnable, Inses placed on the floorwhich is rats, ,: the top of which can be ased toIndia onc of the best ksichco top isb) 6". Behiod these beds we ha% c CloCk books. a lug or *UMmarble as it is long lamina and easy tostorage rit4 up about 3'It also hos the bed a bedside tabk hasmaintain. It is also an additionala wardrobe for storage and flap or n placed on one side whirls has todm* and chopping surface. the wall to be used as a writing tank so designed as to hold is *each as when required. Fix a salon shelf fOf spices and herb tail bottles Sy the' cooking area with in CM )0U need any details Of if 1iIii On thc other side of the bed, abelow to twig dooking implements.have am *localism relating to tht nterldresser has been placed. ThisA b-ufft in knife rack helps BO makeshove pkase write your kner. tt. a table 2'6'' high and about 4'longthe cook's life essitt-stid also keeps the blades bomber shasp. RIO Airbus. Ca Indian I..sprt-ss. 4k...drawers. On the wAli above Advt. Department a minor 4' wide and 4'Mich bas It is better to have sliding doors to

0 ,-, 196 On theghats ofPushkar By Robert Cullen USHK AR t one of those rare places that one Pushkar egetarian toun Pinstantly hkes The roadsign txfore entering this While takin:: desert town reads Ir's Wise To leisurels swim across the sacred PushkarlakeI Be important Bu; Ii4 picked on Ns More Important -To Be Ise-. A moral learnt perhaps hungrs creature +Ouch tried to bitcrn toe ottLittle did he realise but he uas from those wise-looking camelswandering down the up again.: main road expert chicken asI made ss 'Id splashes tossed-thk shore The pan4.stricken fnends kigini I speak with Ram Dass andhis friends from stop until IA.,. siltagcIt seem that a mirk shis ering *aids on thesteps ot the ghat esers scar the ss hole villageLets to>lether to fight one another I must sas it seems a little unfair Ifsse can't eat tfien It's a free-for-all three then the% shouldn't eat us In all truth hour a das eNCT) das forfour class.' though I dkin': -At the end of each das's actualk see hintI think it u as a turtle hutnot has rt tiffincthe ones still taken time to studsit standinc EC pelted withstones h the others to make in detailit could hate he...7 :hem stop Ram Dass tells anything Which hrines to mind thcman-eating ct..o.o. me "When it-s all oser dile which used to reside here es ersone shakes hands andgots home not so long ago' Ram Dass's friends The last flock of ducks made gracefulMI as es cnin._ enthusiastieallx in tocons ince me of its ads antaves -It's the perfect closed in around the lake Lightsbegan to appeal Cs. tonic for stress.- the ghats. their reflections shining Jearls thes insist "Some of the villagerswill earn a grudge in the cab-. water The sound of temple hells floatedacross the lakt for tuelsc months of the%ear. pertectlshapplils knou me. sou see. that and uas ansuered hs the deep at thr end of it all thescan even resonating note ot the WOW.. conch From the opposite shorecame tht spontant ou- sound of 4 flute treakine Hou interestineI uonder host that uould assas in a tune ol its oun big cits work in a Some peacocks joined the chorus Deltu - Connaught Pla,:eperhaps coald he conserted into a giant fighting I looked Jou n at iristuo-rupee uooden flute uhich I arena for a fess dass had houyht in the rmithel %shill: Delhis citizen- enjos a tremendous free.for- earliej1 si,Inied to loinin wit. all' the ssmphons I hi,stress redueine possibilities could but releaineoIt u as hardls the net.. he endlcs. vin.e to take up ml tirt loson

197

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1 TOES OFTHE RICH Nx plight of the 16-year-oldfrom those who rule them. girl from a Rio suburb who won a ticket toParis toThe contrast between this at_end the bicentenary cele-sumrnit and the real one lay brations but had no moneyelsewhere too.While the and nowhere to stay in a ciV"rich" gorged themselves on which had just blowa up mil-pate, broiled salmon, grilled lions of dollars to commemo-duck, pigeon, vintage cham- rate the storming of theBas-pagne and Armagnac,the tille, and some more to host"low-calorie summit" made do with rice balls and veget- the economic summit of theable fritters. And while the world's richest nations, becleaden of the powerftil na- reflects the dilemma of thetions were debating interna- Third World which com-tional debt and allied monet- ;Irises two-thirds of humani- spanking .It was perhaps to high-ary matters in the light this contrast and to up-new Pyramid ofthe Lotivre, hold the true message of Julythose who attended the "al- 14 that representatives of thete.mativesununit" vCred world's seven poorest na-their dissent to journalists, tions Haiti, Brazil, Bang-ecologistslobbyistsand ! ladesh, Zaire, Mozambique,somelefttivers of the sixties' BurkinaFassoandthegeneration who came sport- Philippines met on aing beards, beads Lnd san- houseboat on the Seine fordals. But those who or- whathasbeendubbedganized '89 may reflect TOES, to wit, The Otherthat their's WEIS the lastlaugh Economic Summit. While,after all. At least one of their much to everybody's ern-number,PresidentSese barrassment Mrs ThatcherSeko Mobutu of Zaire (whose told the Frenrh that "theadopted name literally rights of man did not origi-means the cock that covers nate in France", these sevenmany hens) hasreportedly representatives recountedbuilt up and salted away ab- how life for the agriculturalroad a private fortune that worker had become moreequals his country's foreign difficult under Mrs Aquinodebt Not an inappropriate and how the people of thesefinale to the celebration of countries have learned to ex-liberV, equality and &amt.:ru- pect nothini but the wontt/ for all. wIi-t.ortiplitilti Ito 'LW poliiiniqpiinggioryfillivinti vls pisnifilothripetpusi 14ditis In N:14 PlaH114 , . -% It 4211'1.613-`llisI-1111..atE-1 11;IllA i'D11111411:lhiri All: 401.1krigriii"hciiiiatfiphri?..5"! '612ifitjaiit IVO:71116 tkirebri /A1 t41t, Eillaii:gtr te,frildiR,lir ma 14014 itfi , ..g, . #141WaPik$ ,4,3iiisu.s!,q.11?.. id 4A,ti -, 'set*.- ,: 0 jr; Ifilqin Inin Mir" W ii:km intifliffiltrif 11.1 .CZ 2 til."IAAf ii i i :at if1 111; fri ii'a I 121 lIca, 8 4igg 4Iu II:lariat $f ligiti siffitiP S 11 tNiiimniqiiirM123 1 ullill alp t f 1111rtilittlitligtIlli ill*1E5-ipishtli.0Eisite .1AlittgaqYt Pls,j ixaliviAh:31;dilied4111fLitilb.I- 4 - v 1Blowing ofanewbreeze Contd from page 7 todetente. ,neregionaldepletion and over population; (resorttonucle-a:weaponsconflicts, such as the fratri- Byinvestingtobuild anew will result dozens of chernn-cial iran-iraq war, the SovietmodelofhunenCentred, byIsandSS veralthousandswithdrawal fran Afghanistan,ecologicallysustainable of Bhopal. The enyirortnentalVietnam's decision to with-develoonent, the new game dimensions of chernobyls weredraw fronKampuchea, the willinvolveratwplayers, so chest taus that this explosionNonlblan and Palestine pro-primarily Japan and Gerrnany. adverselyaffectedtheblems, that were seemed to qualityoffood,water andbe intractable had eitner been The spectacularmove air throuohout the Europe, solved or are moving towards initiated by Makhall Gorbach- it is not- only the educationaltheir solution.Itis surely no yovagainst the background conpaign of the scientists andcon-incidencethat these of economic compulsions and the non-governmental organi-developmentsha e beenmultidimensionalcrisis to rations of the UN system thatfollowedbythedetenate promotetheconcepts compelledthetwosuperbet weenthet wosuper ofPerestroika and Glasnost powers to evolve new globalpowersandthehistoric havevirtuallybrought.the andstrategicoptions in theagreementstoeliminate worldto turningpoint contextofchangesintheintermediate Range Ballisticand perhaps our planet earth international security environ-Missiles and chemical 'weapons.is poised for a maior break- ment. Itis infect the shift inThis new positive game will through. the economic Dow, r and theshiftcapital andhuman maturingof the worldresourcesawayfromtbe Inds too can claim a part of order,basedonhistoricerns raf...e and the denges of thecreditforinitiating a prccessesofthe pastfourMutually Assured Destruction peaceprocessthrough the decedesthatvirtually,to the solution of cornol.rx and Si x7nat ionsconference neressisatedoarsdir, shiftT u-r ulat iv24-3bie-ns of hunncr. -uinat ing inthe Delhi frcrn the cold war dicrnecydiseas2,iqiorance, reilliirce- declaration.

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