Gary H. Wikfors CV
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Microorganisms
microorganisms Review The Genetic Basis of Toxin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates Arjun Verma 1,* , Abanti Barua 1,2, Rendy Ruvindy 1, Henna Savela 3, Penelope A. Ajani 1 and Shauna A. Murray 1 1 Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia 2 Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Chittagong 3814, Bangladesh 3 Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, 00790 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 June 2019; Accepted: 27 July 2019; Published: 29 July 2019 Abstract: In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates can become highly abundant and even dominant at times, despite their comparatively slow growth rates. One factor that may play a role in their ecological success is the production of complex secondary metabolite compounds that can have anti-predator, allelopathic, or other toxic effects on marine organisms, and also cause seafood poisoning in humans. Our knowledge about the genes involved in toxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates is currently limited due to the complex genomic features of these organisms. Most recently, the sequencing of dinoflagellate transcriptomes has provided us with valuable insights into the biosynthesis of polyketide and alkaloid-based toxin molecules in dinoflagellate species. This review synthesizes the recent progress that has been made in understanding the evolution, biosynthetic pathways, and gene regulation in dinoflagellates with the aid of transcriptomic and other molecular genetic tools, and provides a pathway for future studies of dinoflagellates in this exciting omics era. Keywords: dinoflagellates; toxins; transcriptomics; polyketides; alkaloids 1. Introduction Marine microbial eukaryotes are a diverse group of organisms comprising lineages that differ widely in their evolutionary histories, ecological niches, growth requirements, and nutritional strategies [1–5]. -
Influence of Environmental Parameters on Karenia Selliformis Toxin Content in Culture
Cah. Biol. Mar. (2009) 50 : 333-342 Influence of environmental parameters on Karenia selliformis toxin content in culture Amel MEDHIOUB1, Walid MEDHIOUB3,2, Zouher AMZIL2, Manoella SIBAT2, Michèle BARDOUIL2, Idriss BEN NEILA3, Salah MEZGHANI3, Asma HAMZA1 and Patrick LASSUS2 (1) INSTM, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer. Laboratoire d'Aquaculture, 28, rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbo, Tunisie. E-mail: [email protected] (2) IFREMER, Département Environnement, Microbiologie et Phycotoxines, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France. (3) IRVT, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, centre régional de Sfax. Route de l'aéroport, km 1, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie Abstract: Karenia selliformis strain GM94GAB was isolated in 1994 from the north of Sfax, Gabès gulf, Tunisia. This species, which produces gymnodimine (GYM) a cyclic imine, has since been responsible for chronic contamination of Tunisian clams. A study was made by culturing the microalgae on enriched Guillard f/2 medium. The influence of growing conditions on toxin content was studied, examining the effects of (i) different culture volumes (0.25 to 40 litre flasks), (ii) two temperature ranges (17-15°C et 20-21°C) and (iii) two salinities (36 and 44). Chemical analyses were made by mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). Results showed that (i) the highest growth rate (0.34 ± 0.14 div d-1) was obtained at 20°C and a salinity of 36, (ii) GYM content expressed as pg eq GYM cell-1 increased with culture time. The neurotoxicity of K. selliformis extracts was confirmed by mouse bioassay. This study allowed us to cal- culate the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of gymnodimine (GYM) that kills a mouse, as a function of the number of K. -
Effects of Marine Harmful Algal Blooms on Bivalve Cellular Immunity and Infectious Diseases: a Review
Effects of marine Harmful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review Malwenn Lassudrie, Helene Hegaret, Gary Wikfors, Patricia Mirella da Silva To cite this version: Malwenn Lassudrie, Helene Hegaret, Gary Wikfors, Patricia Mirella da Silva. Effects of marine Harm- ful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Elsevier, 2020, 108, pp.103660. 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103660. hal-02880026 HAL Id: hal-02880026 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02880026 Submitted on 24 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Effects of marine Harmful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review Malwenn Lassudrie1, Hélène Hégaret2, Gary H. Wikfors3, Patricia Mirella da Silva4 1 Ifremer, LER-BO, F- 29900 Concarneau, France. 2 CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France. 3 NOAA Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, CT 0640 USA. 4 Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil. Abstract Bivalves were long thought to be “symptomless carriers” of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. -
Toxicity and Nutritional Inadequacy of Karenia Brevis: Synergistic Mechanisms Disrupt Top-Down Grazer Control
Vol. 444: 15–30, 2012 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published January 10 doi: 10.3354/meps09401 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPEN ACCESS Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control Rebecca J. Waggett1,2,*, D. Ransom Hardison1, Patricia A. Tester1 1National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516-9722, USA 2Present address: The University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33606, USA ABSTRACT: Zooplankton grazers are capable of influencing food-web dynamics by exerting top- down control over phytoplankton prey populations. Certain toxic or unpalatable algal species have evolved mechanisms to disrupt grazer control, thereby facilitating the formation of massive, monospecific blooms. The harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis has been associated with lethal and sublethal effects on zooplankton that may offer both direct and indirect support of bloom formation and maintenance. Reductions in copepod grazing on K. brevis have been attributed to acute physiological incapacitation and nutritional inadequacy. To evalu- ate the potential toxicity or nutritional inadequacy of K. brevis, food removal and egg production experiments were conducted using the copepod Acartia tonsa and K. brevis strains CCMP 2228, Wilson, and SP-1, characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as hav- ing high, low, and no brevetoxin levels, respectively. Variable grazing rates were found in exper- iments involving mixtures of toxic CCMP 2228 and Wilson strains. However, in experiments with toxic CCMP 2228 and non-toxic SP-1 strains, A. tonsa grazed SP-1 at significantly higher rates than the toxic alternative. -
Toxigenic Algae and Associated Phycotoxins in Two Coastal
Harmful Algae 55 (2016) 191–201 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Harmful Algae jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/hal Toxigenic algae and associated phycotoxins in two coastal embayments in the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean) a,b, c c c Julia A. Busch *, Karl B. Andree , Jorge Dioge`ne , Margarita Ferna´ndez-Tejedor , b b b b b Kerstin Toebe , Uwe John , Bernd Krock , Urban Tillmann , Allan D. Cembella a University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany b Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fu¨r Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany c IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5,5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) surveillance is complicated by high diversity of species and associated Received 21 August 2015 phycotoxins. Such species-level information on taxonomic affiliations and on cell abundance and toxin Received in revised form 24 February 2016 content is, however, crucial for effective monitoring, especially of aquaculture and fisheries areas. The Accepted 29 February 2016 aim addressed in this study was to determine putative HAB taxa and related phycotoxins in plankton from aquaculture sites in the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean. The comparative geographical distribution Keywords: of potentially harmful plankton taxa was established by weekly field sampling throughout the water HAB surveillance column during late spring–early summer over two years at key stations in Alfacs and Fangar Semi-enclosed embayment embayments within the Ebro Delta. -
Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait's Waters
Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s Waters Marine Phytoplankton Atlas Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s Waters Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s of Kuwait’s Waters Manal Al-Kandari Dr. Faiza Y. Al-Yamani Kholood Al-Rifaie ISBN: 99906-41-24-2 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P.O.Box 24885, Safat - 13109, Kuwait Tel: (965) 24989000 – Fax: (965) 24989399 www.kisr.edu.kw Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s Waters Published in Kuwait in 2009 by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O.Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait Copyright © Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 2009 All rights reserved. ISBN 99906-41-24-2 Design by Melad M. Helani Printed and bound by Lucky Printing Press, Kuwait No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or manual, including photocopying, or by any information or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. 2 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research - Marine phytoplankton Atlas Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s Waters Manal Al-Kandari Dr. Faiza Y. Al-Yamani Kholood Al-Rifaie Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Kuwait Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research - Marine phytoplankton Atlas 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON METHODOLOGY AND GENERAL RESULTS INTRODUCTION 16 MATERIAL AND METHODS 18 Phytoplankton Collection and Preservation Methods 18 Sample Analysis 18 Light Microscope (LM) Observations 18 Diatoms Slide Preparation -
Review of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Mediterranean Sea, with a Focus on Greek Waters
diversity Review Review of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Mediterranean Sea, with a Focus on Greek Waters Christina Tsikoti 1 and Savvas Genitsaris 2,* 1 School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Economics, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece; [email protected] 2 Section of Ecology and Taxonomy, School of Biology, Zografou Campus, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16784 Athens, Greece * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-210-7274249 Abstract: Anthropogenic marine eutrophication has been recognized as one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystem health. In recent years, eutrophication phenomena, prompted by global warming and population increase, have stimulated the proliferation of potentially harmful algal taxa resulting in the prevalence of frequent and intense harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal areas. Numerous coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea (MS) are under environmental pressures arising from human activities that are driving ecosystem degradation and resulting in the increase of the supply of nutrient inputs. In this review, we aim to present the recent situation regarding the appearance of HABs in Mediterranean coastal areas linked to anthropogenic eutrophication, to highlight the features and particularities of the MS, and to summarize the harmful phytoplankton outbreaks along the length of coastal areas of many localities. Furthermore, we focus on HABs documented in Greek coastal areas according to the causative algal species, the period of occurrence, and the induced damage in human and ecosystem health. The occurrence of eutrophication-induced HAB incidents during the past two decades is emphasized. Citation: Tsikoti, C.; Genitsaris, S. Review of Harmful Algal Blooms in Keywords: HABs; Mediterranean Sea; eutrophication; coastal; phytoplankton; toxin; ecosystem the Coastal Mediterranean Sea, with a health; disruptive blooms Focus on Greek Waters. -
Centro De Investigación Científica Y De Educación Superior De Ensenada, Baja California
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California Doctorado en Ciencias Ciencias de la Vida con orientación en Biotecnología Marina Identification and characterization of potentially harmful dinoflagellates in Todos Santos Bay Tesis para cubrir parcialmente los requisitos necesarios para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Presenta: Patricia Esthefanía Paredes Banda Ensenada, Baja California, México 2020 Tesis defendida por Patricia Esthefanía Paredes Banda y aprobada por el siguiente Comité ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Ernesto García Mendoza Dra. Elizabeth Ponce Rivas Co-director de tesis Co-director de tesis Dra. M. del Pilar Sánchez Saavedra Dr. Allan Douglas Cembella Dra. María Asunción Lago Lestón Dra. Patricia Juárez Camacho Coordinadora del Posgrado en Ciencias de la Vida Dra. Rufina Hernández Martínez Directora de Estudios de Posgrado Patricia Esthefanía Paredes Banda © 2020 Queda prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra sin el permiso formal y explícito del autor y director de la tesis. ii Resumen de la tesis que presenta Patricia Esthefanía Paredes Banda como requisito parcial para la obtención del grado de Doctor en Ciencias en Ciencias de la Vida con orientación en Biotecnología Marina Identificación y caracterización de dinoflagelados potencialmente tóxicos en la Bahía de Todos Santos Resumen aprobado por: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Ernesto García Mendoza Dra. Elizabeth Ponce Rivas Co-director de tesis Co-director de tesis La Bahía de Todos Santos (BTS) se localiza en la costa noroeste de la península de Baja California donde existen fenómenos de surgencia estacional, que producen una alta productividad primaria que sustenta el desarrollo de actividades de maricultura como el cultivo de moluscos bivalvos. -
University of Copenhagen Øster Farimagsgade 2D 1353 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 33134446 Fax.: +45 33134447
Potential harmful cyanobacteria in drinking water reservoirs of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - toxicity and molecular phylogeny. Christensen, Sara; Daugbjerg, Niels; Moestrup, Øjvind; Annadotter, Helene; Cronberg, Gertrud Publication date: 2006 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Christensen, S., Daugbjerg, N., Moestrup, Ø., Annadotter, H., & Cronberg, G. (2006). Potential harmful cyanobacteria in drinking water reservoirs of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - toxicity and molecular phylogeny.. Abstract from XII international conference on harmful algal blooms., København, Denmark. Download date: 30. sep.. 2021 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS Copenhagen, Denmark 4-8 September 2006 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS 1 SAS_S34GA4_Summer_Flower 02/08/06 13:01 Side 1 Dear participant Welcome to Denmark – ever asked a Dane what ”hygge” means...? www.flysas.com INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 September 2006 Table of Contents Page no. ISSHA Conference Committee & Local Organising Committee 4 Exhibitors 6 Venue Map 7 Programme Outline 8 Oral Presentation Programme 10 Oral Abstracts 25 Symposia, Wednesday 6 September 82 Poster Programme -
Biotechnological Significance of Toxic Marine Dinoflagellates ⁎ F
Biotechnology Advances 25 (2007) 176–194 www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Biotechnological significance of toxic marine dinoflagellates ⁎ F. Garcia Camacho a, , J. Gallardo Rodríguez a, A. Sánchez Mirón a, M.C. Cerón García a, E.H. Belarbi a, Y. Chisti b, E. Molina Grima a aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain b Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand Received 2 February 2006; accepted 28 November 2006 Available online 30 November 2006 Abstract Dinoflagellates are microalgae that are associated with the production of many marine toxins. These toxins poison fish, other wildlife and humans. Dinoflagellate-associated human poisonings include paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and ciguatera fish poisoning. Dinoflagellate toxins and bioactives are of increasing interest because of their commercial impact, influence on safety of seafood, and potential medical and other applications. This review discusses biotechnological methods of identifying toxic dinoflagellates and detecting their toxins. Potential applications of the toxins are discussed. A lack of sufficient quantities of toxins for investigational purposes remains a significant limitation. Producing quantities of dinoflagellate bioactives requires an ability to mass culture them. Considerations relating to bioreactor culture of generally fragile and slow-growing dinoflagellates are discussed. Production and processing of dinoflagellates to extract bioactives, require attention to biosafety considerations as outlined in this review. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Algal toxins; Ciguatera fish poisoning; Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; Dinoflagellates; Marine toxins; Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning; Paralytic shellfish poisoning Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................... 177 2. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) ........................................... -
Free-Living Marine Planktonic Unarmoured Dinoflagellates from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific
Botanica Marina 2015; 58(1): 9–22 Sergio Escobar-Morales and David U. Hernández-Becerril* Free-living marine planktonic unarmoured dinoflagellates from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Abstract: The so-called unarmoured dinoflagellates are DOI 10.1515/bot-2014-0049 not a “natural” (phylogenetic) group but they lack thecal Received 13 August, 2014; accepted 7 January, 2015 plates, share fragility and possess relatively few morpho- logical characters that can be positively identified. This study depicts the species composition of unarmoured dinoflagellates collected from sites along the coasts of the Introduction Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific and includes their descriptions and illustrations. We identified a total of 25 Planktonic dinoflagellates are important components in species belonging to 13 genera and six families that were the marine pelagic realm. There are two main groups of studied through various techniques using light and scan- dinoflagellates: the thecate (or armoured) forms that have ning electron microscopy. Seven new records for the Mexi- a series of relative rigid thecal plates of different sizes and can Pacific are annotated here that include Amphidinium shapes and the so-called unarmoured (or naked) forms flagelans Schiller, Gyrodinium cochlea Lebour, G. glaebum that lack these structures and are in general more fragile. Hulburt, G. metum Hulburt, Karenia selliformis Haywood, More recently, an intermediate group, the “thin-walled” Steidinger et MacKenzie, Karlodinium ballantinum de dinoflagellates, has been recognised (Moestrup and Daug- Salas, and K. veneficum (Ballantine) Larsen. The genera bjerg 2007). Nowadays, it is clear that although several Karenia and Karlodinium belong to the family Kareniaceae, orders of thecate dinoflagellates are considered monophy- characterised for encompassing the largest number of toxic letic (Dinophysiales, Gonyaulacales, Prorocentrales, Sues- species among the unarmoured dinoflagellates, and many siales and Syndiniales; Orr et al. -
Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge
Review Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge Yuri B. Shmukler * and Denis A. Nikishin Group of Embryophysiology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Vavilov st, 119334 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-499-135-00-52 Received: 16 June 2017; Accepted: 14 July 2017; Published: 20 July 2017 Abstract: Ciguatoxins (CTX) and brevetoxins (BTX) are polycyclic ethereal compounds biosynthesized by the worldwide distributed planktonic and epibenthic dinoflagellates of Gambierdiscus and Karenia genera, correspondingly. Ciguatera, evoked by CTXs, is a type of ichthyosarcotoxism, which involves a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, while BTXs cause so-called neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Both types of toxins are reviewed together because of similar mechanisms of their action. These are the only molecules known to activate voltage-sensitive Na+-channels in mammals through a specific interaction with site 5 of its α-subunit and may compete for it, which results in an increase in neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release and impairment of synaptic vesicle recycling. Most marine ciguatoxins potentiate Nav channels, but a considerable number of them, such as gambierol and maitotoxin, have been shown to affect another ion channel. Although the extrinsic function of these toxins is probably associated with the function of a feeding deterrent, it was suggested that their intrinsic function is coupled with the regulation of photosynthesis via light-harvesting complex II and thioredoxin. Antagonistic effects of BTXs and brevenal may provide evidence of their participation as positive and negative regulators of this mechanism. Keywords: ciguatoxin; maitotoxin; brevetoxin; brevenol; voltage-gated Na+-channel; thylakoid membrane; light-harvesting complex II 1.