DOCSLIB.ORG

Explorations the Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Explorations the Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina Volume VII, 2012 Explorations The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina www.uncw.edu/csurf/explorations/explorations.html [email protected] Center for the Support of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships UNCW Honors College Randall Library University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington, NC 28403 copyright © 2012 University of North Carolina Wilmington Cover photographs: “Charlie's Bunion-GSMNP” © Bill Atwill “Autumn at Shallowford Lake” © Justin Davis “Mason's Inlet Sunset” © Bill Atwill ISBN: 978-0-9849000-4-6 Original Design by The Publishing Laboratory Department of Creative Writing 601 South College Road Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 www.uncw.edu/writers Staff Editor-in-Chief Katherine E. Bruce, PhD Director, Honors College and Center for the Support of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships Professor of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington Managing Editors Christine Stark Department of English Department of Creative Writing University of North Carolina Wilmington Jamie Watson Department of English University of North Carolina Wilmington Consultants William Atwill, PhD Associate Director, Honors College Associate Professor of English University of North Carolina Wilmington Michael Mills, PhD Coordinator of Major Fellowships Lecturer of English University of North Carolina Wilmington Web Production Assistant Joe Worthen Department of Creative Writing CSURF Graduate Assistant University of North Carolina Wilmington 2012 Board of Reviewers Masum Akond, PhD James Denniston, PhD Research Fellow of Plant Genomics & Biotechnology Professor of Psychology Fayetteville State University Appalachian State University William Atwill, PhD Elizabeth Denny, PhD Associate Director of Honors Professor of Psychology Associate Professor of English University of North Carolina at Pembroke University of North Carolina Wilmington Wade Dudley, PhD Yufang Bao, PhD Associate Professor of Teaching Assiantant Professor of Math & Computer Science East Carolina University Fayetteville State University Cynthia Edwards, PhD Steven Benko, PhD Professor of Psychology Assistant Professor of Religious & Ethical Studies Meredith College Meredith College Kim Epting, PhD Gary L. Callahan, PhD Associate Professor of Psychology Music Department Chairman Elon University Livingstone College Chad Everhart, MA Shirley Chao, PhD Associate Professor of Technology Associate Professor of Biology Appalachian State University Fayetteville State University Mary Farwell, PhD Maurice Crawford, PhD Professor of Biochemistry Assistant Professor of Biology East Carolina University Elizabeth City State University Susan Fecho, MFA Francie Cuffney, PhD Professor of Art Professor of Biology Barton College Meredith College Nicholas Freeman, PhD Samantha Daniel, PhD Assistant Professor of Psychology Professor of Psychology University of North Carolina at Pembroke Fayetteville State University Jim Gaston, MPM Nicola Davis-Bivens, EdD Director, Duke Smart Home Program Assistant Professor of Criminology Duke University Johnson C. Smith University Candace Gauthier, PhD Michael Funk Deckard, PhD Professor of Philosophy and Religion Assistant Professor of Philosophy University of North Carolina Wilmington Lenoir Rhyne Glen Anthony Harris, PhD Miriam DeLone, PhD Associate Professor of History Professor of Crimical Justice University of North Carolina Wilmington Fayetteville State University Avis Hatcher-Puzzo, MFA, MS Mark McCallum, PhD Assistant Professor of Dance Professor of Biology Fayetteville State University Pfeiffer University Thomas Hennessey, PhD Joseph Moore, PhD Associate Professor of Government and History Professor of Social Sciences Fayetteville State University Gardner-Webb University Jennifer Horan, PhD Beth Mulvaney, PhD Associate Professor of Public & International Affairs Professor of Art University of North Carolina Wilmington Meredith College Leslie Hossfeld, PhD Nora Noel, PhD Professor of Sociology Professor of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington University of North Carolina Wilmington Daniel Johnson, PhD Hyunju Oh, PhD Associate Professor of Music Assistant Professor of Mathematics University of North Carolina Wilmington Bennett College Eric Jones, PhD Rick Olsen, PhD Research Scientist of Anthropology Associate Professor of Communication Studies University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of North Carolina Wilmington Heather Koopman, PhD Maria Orban, PhD Associate Professor of Marine Biology Associate Professor of English University of North Carolina Wilmington Fayetteville State University Melanie Lee-Brown, PhD Jesse Peters, PhD Associate Professor of Biology Professor of English and American Indian Studies Guilford College University of North Carolina at Pembroke Nicole Lucas, PhD Will Pizio, PhD Assistant Professor of Sociology Assistant Professor of Justice and Policy Studies Fayetteville State University Guilford College Mark Marquez, PhD Bob Poage, PhD Assistant Professor of Social Work Associate Professor of Biology Fayetteville State University University of North Carolina at Pembroke Gail Marsal, PhD Brian Railsback, PhD Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice Dean, Honors College North Carolina Wesleyan College Professor of English Western Carolina University Jaime A. Martinez, PhD Assistant Professor of History Sharon Raynor, MA University of North Carolina at Pembroke Associate Professor of English Johnson C. Smith University Mike Maume, PhD Professor of Sociology and Criminology Sue Richardson, PhD University of North Carolina Wilmington Senior Lecturer of Film Studies University of North Carolina Wilmington Chadwick Roberts, PhD Thomas Tiemann, PhD Lecturer of Communication Studies Professor of Economics University of North Carolina Wilmington Elon University Tom Schmid, PhD Linda Tomlinson, DAH Professor of Philosophy and Religion Assistant Professor of History University of North Carolina Wilmington Fayetteville State University Tsvetanka Sendova, PhD Molly Weise, PhD Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science Associate Professor of Sociology Bennett College North Carolina Wesleyan College Anthony Snider, PhD Rufus Williamson, PhD Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies Associate Professor of Math and Science University of North Carolina Wilmington Livingstone College Jaclyn Stanke, PhD Sara Wrenn, PhD Associate Professor of History Assistant Professor of Psychology Campbell University Bennett College Tatiana Tagirova, PhD Taek You, PhD Assistant Professor of Language, Literature and Assistant Professor of Biology Communications Campbell University Elizabeth City State University Dan Teague, PhD With special thanks and appreciation Instructor of Mathematics to the faculty mentors and volunteer North Carolina School for Science and Mathematics reviewers. Table of Contents x Letter from the Editor Biology and Biotechnology 2 History of Passive Solar Energy Scott Barber, East Carolina University 14 Microbial Kinetics of Photorhabdus luminescens in Glucose Batch Cultures Matt Bowen, University of North Carolina at Pembroke with Danica Co, William Peace University 23 Toxicity of Moist Snuff and Impact on Various Stages of Darkling Beetles (Tenebrio molitor) Lisa Collins, Fayetteville State University with Latisha Edwards, Fayetteville State University 30 The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Spicule Formation in Developing Lytechinus variegatus (Green Sea Urchins) Breanna DeGroot, University of North Carolina Wilmington 37 Sequence and Structural Similarities Between Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and CysP Bacterial Periplasmic Binding Protein Garreesa Henry, Livingstone College Creative Work 46 Triptych: Inocencia, Pura, Triste Rebeldia, Recuerdo Daniela Jimenez, University of North Carolina at Pembroke Humanities 49 Idle Talk,The 'They,' Anxiety, and Death as Subjects of Language Necessary to Dasein's Hermeneutic of the Self Hannah Cloninger, Lenoir Rhyne University 60 Schiller's Alchemical Education: Conceptualizing Art as the Philosopher's Stone Andrew Jester, East Carolina University 68 Defining the Natural Rights of Man: An Analysis of Burke, Paine, and Wollstonecraft Lindsay Kohl, University of North Carolina at Greensboro 76 The Greensboro Massacre: A Challenge to Accepted Historical Interpretations Jason Kops, East Carolina University 87 Romanticism: New Waves of Imaginative Thinking Chris Masiello, Elizabeth City State University Creative Work 94 Seasons Reilley Thayer, University of North Carolina at Pembroke Mathematics and Economics 96 Stochastic Network Susceptibility Models of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Jaehoon Jung, North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics 106 An Examination of the Impact of Police Expenditures on Arrest Rates Ben Shoesmith, University of North Carolina Wilmington with Chris Klein, University of North Carolina Wilmington 118 Divergence Measurements of Empty Parking Spaces Wen Tang, Fayetteville State University Creative Work 136 On Lindsay Roberts, University of North Carolina at Pembroke Social Sciences 138 Tests of Transitive Inference in Rats using an Automated Olfactometer Alyse Kaszubski, University of North Carolina Wilmington 152 Native American Mascot Controversy and Mass Media Involvement: Do the Media Promote Racism Through Native American Athletic Imagery or Support Those Who Are Offended Elizabeth Locklear, University of North Carolina at Pembroke 160 The Ever-Changing Social Perception of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the United States Danielle Martin, East Carolina University
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetics and Physiology of Motility by Photorhabdus Spp Brandye A
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2006 Genetics and physiology of motility by Photorhabdus spp Brandye A. Michaels University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Michaels, Brandye A., "Genetics and physiology of motility by Photorhabdus spp" (2006). Doctoral Dissertations. 324. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/324 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MOTILITY BYPHOTORHABDUS SPP. BY BRANDYE A. MICHAELS BS, Armstrong Atlantic State University, 1999 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology May, 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3217433 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3217433 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Patchwork of an Insecticidal Toxin
    Ruffner et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:609 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-1763-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evolutionary patchwork of an insecticidal toxin shared between plant-associated pseudomonads and the insect pathogens Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus Beat Ruffner1, Maria Péchy-Tarr2, Monica Höfte3, Guido Bloemberg4, Jürg Grunder5, Christoph Keel2* and Monika Maurhofer1* Abstract Background: Root-colonizing fluorescent pseudomonads are known for their excellent abilities to protect plants against soil-borne fungal pathogens. Some of these bacteria produce an insecticidal toxin (Fit) suggesting that they may exploit insect hosts as a secondary niche. However, the ecological relevance of insect toxicity and the mechanisms driving the evolution of toxin production remain puzzling. Results: Screening a large collection of plant-associated pseudomonads for insecticidal activity and presence of the Fit toxin revealed that Fit is highly indicative of insecticidal activity and predicts that Pseudomonas protegens and P. chlororaphis are exclusive Fit producers. A comparative evolutionary analysis of Fit toxin-producing Pseudomonas including the insect-pathogenic bacteria Photorhabdus and Xenorhadus, which produce the Fit related Mcf toxin, showed that fit genes are part of a dynamic genomic region with substantial presence/absence polymorphism and local variation in GC base composition. The patchy distribution and phylogenetic incongruence of fit genes indicate that the Fit cluster evolved via horizontal transfer, followed by functional integration of vertically transmitted genes, generating a unique Pseudomonas-specific insect toxin cluster. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that multiple independent evolutionary events led to formation of at least three versions of the Mcf/Fit toxin highlighting the dynamic nature of insect toxin evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Louse Fly-Arsenophonus Arthropodicus Association
    THE LOUSE FLY-ARSENOPHONUS ARTHROPODICUS ASSOCIATION: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MODEL SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF INSECT-BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIOSES by Kari Lyn Smith A dissertation submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Biology The University of Utah August 2012 Copyright © Kari Lyn Smith 2012 All Rights Reserved The University of Utah Graduate School STATEMENT OF DISSERTATION APPROVAL The dissertation of Kari Lyn Smith has been approved by the following supervisory committee members: Colin Dale Chair June 18, 2012 Date Approved Dale Clayton Member June 18, 2012 Date Approved Maria-Denise Dearing Member June 18, 2012 Date Approved Jon Seger Member June 18, 2012 Date Approved Robert Weiss Member June 18, 2012 Date Approved and by Neil Vickers Chair of the Department of __________________________Biology and by Charles A. Wight, Dean of The Graduate School. ABSTRACT There are many bacteria that associate with insects in a mutualistic manner and offer their hosts distinct fitness advantages, and thus have likely played an important role in shaping the ecology and evolution of insects. Therefore, there is much interest in understanding how these relationships are initiated and maintained and the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, as well as interest in developing symbionts as platforms for paratransgenesis to combat disease transmission by insect hosts. However, this research has been hampered by having only a limited number of systems to work with, due to the difficulties in isolating and modifying bacterial symbionts in the lab. In this dissertation, I present my work in developing a recently described insect-bacterial symbiosis, that of the louse fly, Pseudolynchia canariensis, and its bacterial symbiont, Candidatus Arsenophonus arthropodicus, into a new model system with which to investigate the mechanisms and evolution of symbiosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Pathogenicity of Two Bacteria Isolated from the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis Indica Against Galleria Mellonella and Some Pest Insects
    insects Article Assessing the Pathogenicity of Two Bacteria Isolated from the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis indica against Galleria mellonella and Some Pest Insects Rosalba Salgado-Morales 1,2 , Fernando Martínez-Ocampo 2 , Verónica Obregón-Barboza 2, Kathia Vilchis-Martínez 3, Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez 3 and Edgar Dantán-González 2,* 1 Doctorado en Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Estudios Ecogenómicos, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; [email protected] (F.M.-O.); [email protected] (V.O.-B.) 3 Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Ceprobi No. 8, San Isidro, Yautepec, 62739 Morelos, Mexico; [email protected] (K.V.-M.); [email protected] (A.J.-P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-777-329-7000 Received: 20 December 2018; Accepted: 15 March 2019; Published: 26 March 2019 Abstract: The entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis are parasites of insects and are associated with mutualist symbiosis enterobacteria of the genus Photorhabdus; these bacteria are lethal to their host insects. Heterorhabditis indica MOR03 was isolated from sugarcane soil in Morelos state, Mexico. The molecular identification of the nematode was confirmed using sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA gene. In addition, two bacteria HIM3 and NA04 strains were isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode. The genomes of both bacteria were sequenced and assembled de novo.
    [Show full text]
  • Haemocoel Injection of Pira1b1 to Galleria Mellonella Larvae Leads To
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Haemocoel injection of PirA1B1 to Galleria mellonella larvae leads to disruption of the haemocyte Received: 05 July 2016 Accepted: 22 September 2016 immune functions Published: 13 October 2016 Gongqing Wu1,2 & Yunhong Yi1 The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens produces a number of insecticidal proteins to kill its larval prey. In this study, we cloned the gene coding for a binary toxin PirA1B1 and purified the recombinant protein using affinity chromatography combined with desalination technology. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the recombinant protein against the haemocytes of Galleria mellonella larvae was investigated. We found that the protein had haemocoel insecticidal activity against G. mellonella with an LD50 of 131.5 ng/larva. Intrahaemocoelic injection of PirA1B1 into G. mellonella resulted in significant decreases in haemocyte number and phagocytic ability. In in vitro experiments, PirA1B1 inhibited the spreading behaviour of the haemocytes of G. mellonella larvae and even caused haemocyte degeneration. Fluorescence microscope analysis and visualization of haemocyte F-actin stained with phalloidin-FITC showed that the PirA1B1 toxin disrupted the organization of the haemocyte cytoskeleton. Our results demonstrated that the PirA1B1 toxin disarmed the insect cellular immune system. Photorhabdus luminescens, a Gram-negative bacterium, resides as a symbiont in the gut of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genus Heterorhabditis1. Upon entering an insect host, EPNs release the symbiotic bacte- ria directly into the insect haemocoel. To infect its host and survive, bacteria must be capable of producing a wide range of proteins, including toxins2. To date, four primary classes of toxins are characterized in P. luminescens. The first class, toxin complexes (Tcs), shows both oral and injectable activity against the Colorado potato beetle3.
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved Lalph E
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Christine Andrea Armer for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology presented on August 28, 2002. Title: Entornopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Redacted for privacy Abstract approved lalph E. Berry Suj7aRzto The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most devastating foliage-feeding pest of potatoes in the United States. Potential biological control agents include the nematodes Heterorhabditis marelatus Liu & Berry and Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston, which provided nearly 100% CPB control in previous laboratory trials, In the present study, laboratory assays tested survival and infection by the two species under the soil temperatures CPB are exposed to, from 4-37°C. H. marelatus survived from 4-31°C, and S. riobrave from 4-37°C. Both species infected and developed in waxworm hosts from 13-31°C, but H. marelatus rarely infected hosts above 25°C, and S. riobrave rarely infected hosts below 19°C. H. marelatus infected an average of 5.8% of hosts from 13- 31°C, whereas S. riobrave infected 1.4%. Although H. marelatus could not survive at temperatures as high as S. riobrave, H. marelatus infected more hosts so is preferable for use in CPB control. Heterorhabditis marelatus rarely reproduced in CPB. Preliminary laboratory trials suggested the addition of nitrogen to CPB host plants improved nematode reproduction. Field studies testing nitrogen fertilizer effects on nematode reproduction in CPB indicated that increasing nitrogen from 226 kg/ha to 678 kg/ha produced 25% higher foliar levels of the alkaloids solanine and chacomne.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of the Spread and Diversity of the Insect Symbiont Arsenophonus Nasoniae
    Studies of the Spread and Diversity of the Insect Symbiont Arsenophonus nasoniae Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Steven R. Parratt September 2013 Abstract: Heritable bacterial endosymbionts are a diverse group of microbes, widespread across insect taxa. They have evolved numerous phenotypes that promote their own persistence through host generations, ranging from beneficial mutualisms to manipulations of their host’s reproduction. These phenotypes are often highly diverse within closely related groups of symbionts and can have profound effects upon their host’s biology. However, the impact of their phenotype on host populations is dependent upon their prevalence, a trait that is highly variable between symbiont strains and the causative factors of which remain enigmatic. In this thesis I address the factors affecting spread and persistence of the male-Killing endosymbiont Arsenophonus nasoniae in populations of its host Nasonia vitripennis. I present a model of A. nasoniae dynamics in which I incorporate the capacity to infectiously transmit as well as direct costs of infection – factors often ignored in treaties on symbiont dynamics. I show that infectious transmission may play a vital role in the epidemiology of otherwise heritable microbes and allows costly symbionts to invade host populations. I then support these conclusions empirically by showing that: a) A. nasoniae exerts a tangible cost to female N. vitripennis it infects, b) it only invades, spreads and persists in populations that allow for both infectious and heritable transmission. I also show that, when allowed to reach high prevalence, male-Killers can have terminal effects upon their host population.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Kinetics of Photorhabdus Luminescens in Glucose Batch Cultures
    Microbial Kinetics of Photorhabdus luminescens in Glucose Batch Cultures Matt Bowen University of North Carolina at Pembroke with Danica Co, William Peace University Faculty Mentors: Len Holmes with Floyd Inman University of North Carolina at Pembroke ABSTRACT Photorhabdus luminescens, an entomopathogenic bacterial symbiont of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, was studied in batch cultures to determine the specific growth rates of the bacterium in various glucose concentrations. P. luminescens was cultured in a defined liquid medium containing various concentrations of glucose. Culture parameters were monitored and controlled utilizing a Sartorius stedim Biostat® A plus fermentation system. Agitation and air flow remained constant; however, the pH of the media was chemically buffered and monitored over the course of bacterial growth. Measurements of culture turbidity were obtained utilizing an optical cell density probe. Specific growth rates of P. luminescens were determined graphically and mathematically. The substrate saturation constant of glucose for P. luminescens was also determined along with the bacterium’s maximum specific growth rate. that kill and bioconvert the insect host into 1. INTRODUCTION nutritional components for both organisms (Boemare, Laumond, and Mauleon, Photorhabdus luminescens is a Gram-negative, 1996). Furthermore, P. luminescens secretes bioluminescent,entomopathogenic bacterium pigments and antimicrobials to ward that is found to be a bacterial symbiont of the off other contaminating microbes and nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Inman, as a result, ideal conditions are created Singh and Holmes, 2012). These symbiotic for nematode growth and development partners serve as a bacto-helminthic complex (Waterfield, Ciche and Clark, 2009). that is considered to be a safe alternative to The symbiotic relationship between H.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’.
    [Show full text]
  • Temperature Effects on Heterorhabditis Megidis and Steinernema Carpocapsae Infectivity to Galleria Mellonella
    Journal of Nematology 31(3):299–304. 1999. © The Society of Nematologists 1999. Temperature Effects on Heterorhabditis megidis and Steinernema carpocapsae Infectivity to Galleria mellonella J. E. Saunders1 and J. M. Webster2 Abstract: The effect of temperature on the infection of larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, by Heterorhabditis megidis H90 and Steinernema carpocapsae strain All, was determined. For both species, infection, reproduction, and development were fastest at 20 to 24 °C. Infection by both H. megidis and S. carpocapsae occurred between 8 and 16 °C; however, neither species reproduced at 8 °C. Among the nematodes used in experiments at 8 °C, no H. megidis and very few S. carpocapsae developed beyond the infective juvenile stage. Compared with H. megidis, S. carpocapsae invaded and killed G. mellonella larvae faster at 8 to 16 °C. By comparing invasion rates, differences in infectivity between the two nematode species were detected that could not be detected in conventional petri dish bioassays where mortality was measured after a specified period. Invasion of G. mellonella larvae by H. megidis was faster at 24 than at 16 °C. Key words: entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis megidis, infectivity, invasion rate, nematode, Photorhabdus luminescens, Steinernema carpocapsae, temperature, Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Nematode infectivity as measured by in- dis strain H90 and Steinernema carpocapsae sect mortality varies with the species and strain All into a host and the subsequent strain of both the insect and the nematode development of the nematodes and their re- and is affected by abiotic factors, especially spective bacteria, Photorhabdus luminescens temperature (Mason and Hominick, 1995; and Xenorhabdus nematophilus.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Phenotypic Switching and Heterogeneity in Photorhabdus Luminescens Cell Populations
    Regulation of phenotypic switching and heterogeneity in Photorhabdus luminescens cell populations Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Angela Katharina Langer geb. Glaeser am 17.11.2016 1. Gutachter: PD Dr. Ralf Heermann, LMU München 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Marc Bramkamp, LMU München Datum der Abgabe: 17.11.2016 Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 12.12.2016 II Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich versichere hiermit an Eides statt, dass die vorgelegte Dissertation von mir selbstständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe angefertigt wurde. Des Weiteren erkläre ich, dass ich nicht anderweitig ohne Erfolg versucht habe, eine Dissertation einzureichen oder mich der Doktorprüfung zu unterziehen. Die folgende Dissertation liegt weder ganz, noch in wesentlichen Teilen einer anderen Prüfungskommission vor. München, den 17.11.2016 Angela Langer Statutory Declaration I declare that I have authored this thesis independently, that I have not used other than the declared sources/references. As well I declare that I have not submitted a dissertation without success and not passed the oral exam. The present dissertation (neither the entire dissertation nor parts) has not been presented to another examination board. Munich, 17.11.2016 Angela Langer III Contents Eidesstattliche Erklärung ...................................................................................................................... III Statutory Declaration...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Entomopathogenic Nematode-Associated Microbiota: from Monoxenic Paradigm to Pathobiome Jean-Claude Ogier, Sylvie Pages, Marie Frayssinet, Sophie Gaudriault
    Entomopathogenic nematode-associated microbiota: from monoxenic paradigm to pathobiome Jean-Claude Ogier, Sylvie Pages, Marie Frayssinet, Sophie Gaudriault To cite this version: Jean-Claude Ogier, Sylvie Pages, Marie Frayssinet, Sophie Gaudriault. Entomopathogenic nematode- associated microbiota: from monoxenic paradigm to pathobiome. Microbiome, BioMed Central, 2020, 8 (1), pp.1-17. 10.1186/s40168-020-00800-5. hal-02503304 HAL Id: hal-02503304 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02503304 Submitted on 9 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Ogier et al. Microbiome (2020) 8:25 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00800-5 RESEARCH Open Access Entomopathogenic nematode-associated microbiota: from monoxenic paradigm to pathobiome Jean-Claude Ogier†, Sylvie Pagès†, Marie Frayssinet and Sophie Gaudriault* Abstract Background: The holistic view of bacterial symbiosis, incorporating both host and microbial environment, constitutes a major conceptual shift in studies deciphering host-microbe interactions. Interactions between Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts, Xenorhabdus, have long been considered monoxenic two partner associations responsible for the killing of the insects and therefore widely used in insect pest biocontrol.
    [Show full text]