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Maquette Scar L Y C É E N S A U C I N É M A E N R É G I O N C E N T R E Titre original Scarface, Shame of a Nation Production Howard Hawks et Howard Hughes pour Atlantic Pictures (Howard Hughes Production) et United Artists. Réalisation Howard Hawks carface Assistant mise en scène Richard Rosson S Scénario Ben Hecht par Joël MAGNY Seton I. Miller John Lee Mahin W. R. Burnett d’après le roman Scarface de Armitage Trail Scarface est incontestablement l’œuvre la plus représentative du Dir. de la photo Lee Garmes « film criminel » et plus précisément du « film de gangster ». Son L. William O’Connell Musique Adolph Tandler héros, Tony Camonte, dit « Scarface » (le Balafré), inspiré du Gus Arnheim célèbre Al Capone, fonde le personnage mythique du gangster, Décor Harry Oliver que le cinéma américain exploita dès les années 10 et qui perdu- Prise de son William Snyder re dans des films contemporains tels que la série des Parrain (F .F. Montage Edward Curtiss Coppola) ou Casino (Scorcese). Douglass Biggs Directeur de production Charles Stallings Le film d’Howard Hawks se présente comme une biographie telle que le cinéma hollywoodien en produira bien d’autres (Dillinger, Interprétation : Lucky Luciano, Legs Diamond…) : ascension et chute d’un caïd. Tony Camonte Paul Muni C’est en assassinant Louis Costillo, le patron de son supérieur Cesca Camonte Ann Dvorak Johnny Lovo, que Tony Camonte découvre les délices du pouvoir Poppy Karen Morley et de l’argent : appartements luxueux, costumes voyants, petite- Guino Rinaldo George Raft amie décorative... Indifférent aux conseils de Lovo, il étend sa Tom Gaffney Boris Karloff domination aux quartiers Nord de Chicago et fait exécuter Lovo Johnny Lovo Osgood Perkins qui a tenté de l’éliminer. Il échappe à la police en contournant la Angelo Vince Barnett loi et en faisant accomplir les tâches dangereuses par son bras Inspecteur Ben Guarino C. Henry Gordon droit Guino Rinaldo. Seul son amour possessif et aveugle pour sa Mrs Camonte (mère de Tony) Inez Palange tique, très inspirée de l’expressionnisme allemand, et par l’exten- Big Louis Costillo Harry J. Vejar sœur Cesca le perdra... sion de sa réflexion de l’empire ponctuel du crime aux grands Le commissaire Edwin Maxwell Scarface ne tire pas seulement sa force de son aspect documen- thèmes de la civilisation américaine, de l’individualisme conqué- Le rédacteur en chef Tully Marshall taire. Certes, il est en prise directe avec l’actualité : Al Capone sera rant à la lutte entre la force et la loi, Scarface dépasse le pur Epstein Bert Starkey condamné le 12 juin 1931, peu après la réalisation du film. Selon constat pour proposer une nouvelle mythologie, qui n’est plus L’homme sur le lit d’hôpital Howard Hawks Hawks, il l’aurait apprécié. Le producteur Howard Hughes devra celle, épique et légendaire, des grands espaces de la conquête de Pietro Henry Armetta Sullivan Maurice Black lutter de nombreux mois encore contre les censeurs qui trouvent l’Ouest et du western, mais celle de la ville et de sa violence sans Éditeur Purnell Pratt le film trop violent et favorable au crime (!). Mais, par son esthé- gloire. Film 35 mm Format 1/1,37, N & B Les notes entre crochets [B 38] renvoient à la bibliographie en page 18. Durée 1h34 Tournage Printemps 1931 LIVRET PÉDAGOGIQUE ENSEIGNANTS - Édition : Atelier de Production Centre Val de Loire, B.P. 31, 37110 Château-Renault, tél. 02 47 56 08 08, fax 02 47 56 07 77 Sortie à New York Avril 1932 Maquette : Dominique Bastien - Rédaction-en-chef : Jacques Petat, Marie-Claire Cambou - Auteur du dossier : Joël Magny - Photos : collection Kipa. © A.P.C.V.L. Sortie à Paris 20 novembre 1932 1996. Lycéens au cinéma en région Centre est coordonné par l’Atelier de Production Centre Val de Loire, réalisé avec le soutien du Centre National de la Cinématographie, N° de visa 3 915 du Conseil régional du Centre, de la DRAC Centre et du Rectorat d’Académie et le concours des salles de cinéma participant à l’opération. Distribution actuelle Théâtre du Temple 2 Dans les années 50, un groupe de jeunes critiques français issu des Californie, près de Los Angeles, où se déroule son enfance et une Cahiers du cinéma (Chabrol, Godard, Moullet, Rivette, Rohmer, partie de ses études, qu’il termine à l’Université Cornell de New Truffaut…) fut dénommé « hitchcocko-hawksien », du nom de York, avec un diplôme d’ingénieur en 1917. Une formation de deux de leurs maîtres, dans leur lutte pour imposer un cinéma « mechanical ingeneering » dépasse la notion très spécialisée du fondé sur la suprématie de la mise en scène et sur la notion d’au- terme français : c’est dans ce cadre que Hawks reçoit en effet une teur de film. L’œuvre de Hawks n’a pas l’unité de surface de celle formation en architecture qu’il va bientôt mettre à profit. Pour se du « maître du suspense », centrée sur un genre et au style visuel faire un peu d’argent de poche, l’été 1916, il se présente aux stu- immédiatement reconnaissable. Elle semble au premier abord dios Famous Player Lasky, dont Cecil B. DeMille est le directeur Howard dénuée de repères et d’unité. Hawks a travaillé dans pratiquement tous les genres : comédie burlesque ou sophis- Howard Hawks a abordé tiquée (Sa Majesté la femme - Train presque tous les genres : la de luxe - L’Impossible Monsieur comédie avec Marylin Monroe Bébé - La Dame du vendredi - et Jane Russel dans Les Boule de feu - Allez coucher Hommes préfèrent les blondes ailleurs - Chérie, je me sens rajeu- (1953), ci-contre ; ou le film nir - Le Sport favori de l’homme…), noir avec Laureen Bacall et awks Humphrey Bogart dans Le film d’aventures ou de guerre sur terre H Grand Sommeil (1946), (La Foule en délire - Les Chemins de la gloire - Sergent York - Ligne ci-dessous. Coll. KIPA rouge 7000), sur mer (Le Harpon rouge - Le Port de l’angoisse) ou dans les airs (Les Rois de l’air - Brumes - la Patrouille de l’aube - Seuls les anges ont des ailes - Air Force), film de gangsters (Scarface), film criminel (Code criminel), film noir (Le Grand Sommeil), western (Le Banni - La Rivière rouge - La Captive aux yeux clairs - Rio Bravo - El Dorado - Rio Lobo), comédie musicale (Si bémol et fa dièse - Les Hommes préfèrent les blondes), film historique (La Terre des Pharaons)... À ses débuts, il s’approche même du mélodrame (The Road to Glory - Après nous le déluge) et s’il n’a pas directement abordé le fantastique, il a produit, préparé, participé au scénario et supervisé de près la mise en scène de The Thing (La Chose d’un autre monde, 1951), réalisé par son mon- teur Christian Nyby. FORMATION D’UN « PROFESSIONNEL » Hawks n’est pas non plus l’homme d’un studio. Si, au début de sa carrière, il réalise huit films pour William Fox, il travaillera ensuite artistique ; il y est embauché temporairement comme accessoiris- pour des studios et des producteurs très divers sans que l’image te, et y reprend du service l’année suivante. L’accessoiriste est alors de marque de tel ou tel domine la facture du film. Cette habileté un assistant technique et artistique qui travaille en liaison étroite à imposer ses vues, qui ne va pas sans conflits (avec Hughes et avec le réalisateur. En 1917, il conçoit et construit un décor Goldwyn, par exemple), tient au fait que Howard Hawks ne « moderne » pour un film de Douglas Fairbanks, ce qui lui vaut de devient pas réalisateur par hasard et qu’il réalise son premier film devenir l’assistant de Marshall Neilan pour The Little Princess (la à la suite de près de dix ans passés dans les studios à des postes Petite Princesse, 1917), avec Mary Pickford, la star maison, dont il divers. dirige même quelques scènes. Mobilisé à l’automne, il est instruc- Coll. KIPA teur dans un camp du Texas, où il forme les pilotes de chasse en Howard Winchester Hawks est né à Goshen (Indiana) le 30 mai partance pour le front en Europe. Rendu à la vie civile début 1919, 1896. À l’âge de dix ans, ses parents s’installent à Pasadena, en il est un temps producteur indépendant (et parfois réalisateur) de 3 comédies à petit budget avant d’entrer, sur la recommandation sa masse, Rock Hudson pour sa lourdeur, Katharine Hepburn ou d’Irving Thalberg, à la Famous Player Lasky (bientôt Paramount). Il Cary Grant pour leur énergie et leur rapidité. Même la parole est achète les droits de nombreux ouvrages et en supervise les adap- utilisée dans sa matérialité et son dynamisme, avant de prendre tations et la production. Trop précieux au département scénario, il sens. n’obtient pas la possibilité de diriger des films ; il entre alors à la UNE INTELLIGENCE PRAGMATIQUE MGM qui se crée en 1924, où il retrouve Thalberg, mais assume les mêmes fonctions. Depuis toujours passionné de sport, en par- Ce cinéma physique est aussi un cinéma de l’intelligence. En ticulier de tennis et de courses automobiles, Hawks rencontre même temps que l’action, Hawks en livre la raison d’être, ses William Fox, fondateur en 1915 de la Fox Film, au cours d’une par- causes et conséquences. Chaque personnage se définit aussi par tie de golf et lui confie son désir de passer à la réalisation. « Vous sa faculté d’organisation, par sa capacité à dominer son énergie êtes devenu metteur en scène ! », lui rétorque le producteur. vitale. Cette intelligence est toujours d’ordre pragmatique, en Lorsqu’il aborde la mise en scène, Hawks est donc un vrai profes- prise directe sur le concret.
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