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Monitoreo Calidad Rio Carbon.Pdf INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE COSTA RICA VICERRECTORÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y EXTENSIÓN ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL EN COOPERACIÓN CON Corredor Biológico Talamanca-Caribe INFORME FINAL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Monitoreo de la calidad del agua y caracterización de los bosques de la cuenca del Río Carbón. INVESTIGADORES Marvin Castillo Ugalde Lic. Julio Cesar Calvo Alvarado P.hD. Cartago - Junio 2011 i ÍNDICE ÍNDICE ................................................................................................................................ ii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ...................................................................................................... iv ÍNDICE DE CUADROS ..................................................................................................... v ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS ...................................................................................................... vii RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ................................................................................................ viii INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................... 1 OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................................ 2 Objetivo general ................................................................................................................. 2 Objetivos específicos .......................................................................................................... 2 REVISION DE LITERATURA .......................................................................................... 3 Riqueza y diversidad florística ........................................................................................... 5 Composición florística ........................................................................................................ 6 Análisis estructural ............................................................................................................. 6 Estructura horizontal........................................................................................................... 8 Estructura vertical ............................................................................................................. 10 Parcelas permanentes de medición ................................................................................... 11 METODOLOGIA .............................................................................................................. 13 Descripción del área de estudio ........................................................................................ 13 Localización político administrativa ............................................................................ 13 Ubicación geográfica .................................................................................................... 13 Clima ............................................................................................................................ 14 Suelos ........................................................................................................................... 15 Diseño de las parcelas................................................................................................... 15 Determinación y análisis de la estructura del bosque ....................................................... 17 Estructura horizontal..................................................................................................... 17 Curva especie / área ...................................................................................................... 18 Índices y coeficientes.................................................................................................... 19 Índice de diversidad ...................................................................................................... 19 Índice de equidad o Uniformidad de Shannon ............................................................. 20 Índice de Simpson ........................................................................................................ 20 Coeficiente de afinidad de SØrensen............................................................................ 21 Coeficiente de mezcla ................................................................................................... 21 Estructura vertical ............................................................................................................. 21 Clases de altura ............................................................................................................. 21 Posición de copa ........................................................................................................... 22 Forma de copa .............................................................................................................. 23 Presencia de lianas en el fuste y la copa ....................................................................... 23 Análisis de datos ........................................................................................................... 24 Monitoreo de la calidad del aguas superficiales de la cuenca del río Carbón. ................. 25 Análisis químico ............................................................................................................... 25 Análisis microbiológico. ................................................................................................... 26 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION ....................................................................................... 27 Parcelas permanentes de muestreo-PPM .......................................................................... 27 ii Ubicación de parcelas permanentes de muestreo ............................................................. 27 Composición florística del sitio ........................................................................................ 34 Caracterización de la estructura del bosque ..................................................................... 41 Distribución de individuos por clase diamétrica .......................................................... 53 Distribución vertical continua según la clasificación de IUFRO ................................. 61 Evaluación de la calidad del agua de la cuenca del Río Carbón ...................................... 66 Conclusiones ...................................................................................................................... 71 Recomendaciones .............................................................................................................. 72 Bibliografía ........................................................................................................................ 73 iii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Forma y dimensiones de las parcelas y subparcelas a utilizar con su respectiva numeración. .................................................................................................................. 16 Figura 2. Distribución de la abundancia (N/ha) por grupos ecológicos determinados por los un bosques de la Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010. ................... 49 Figura 3. Curva especie/área para el Bosque muy húmedo transición a basal, piso premontano, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica.2010. ........................... 52 Figura 4. Distribución diamétrica del número de individuos por hectárea, para el Bosque muy húmedo transición a basal, piso premontano, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica, 2010. .......................................................................................................... 55 Figura 5. Diagrama de frecuencia para el Bosque muy húmedo transición a basal, piso premontano, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica, 2010. .......................... 60 iv ÍNDICE DE CUADROS Cuadro 1. Estadísticos utilizados para el análisis de las parcelas permanentes de muestreo, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010. ............................................... 24 Cuadro 2. Resumen del área basal y número de individuos por parcela y por hectárea, junto con los estadísticos calculados para los bosques intervenidos, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010. ...................................................................................... 41 Cuadro 3. Resumen del área basal y número de individuos por parcela y por hectárea, junto con los estadísticos calculados para los bosques secundarios, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010. ...................................................................................... 42 Cuadro 4. Número de especies presentes en cada parcela y especies en común entre las parcelas para el cálculo del índice de Sørensen, en las parcelas permanentes de muestreo en el bosque húmedo tropical, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010. .................................................................................................................... 45 Cuadro 5. Indice de Sørensen, en las parcelas permanentes de muestreo en el bosque húmedo tropical, Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010 .................... 45 Cuadro 6. Abundancias, frecuencias y dominancias (relativas) para las diez especies con valores más altos en los bosques de la Cuenca del Río Carbón, Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2010. ............................................................................................................................. 47 Cuadro 7. Índice
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