Strategies for Social Acceptance Raising Interest Around the World

Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotor wings, Fixed Wing, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule making news, Test Reports * Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotorwings, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule making News, Testreports * e Quarterly Vol Quarterly Social Acceptance Strategies for eVTOLs take off Autonomous around theworld Raising interest eFlight Meetings in serial production The part103eVTOL Kitty HawkFlyer Flight Journal . 2-2018 www.e-ﬂight-journal.com supported by supported E-Flight. An exciting future.

“By entering the field of highly innovative aircraft propulsion technology, we‘re opening a new chapter in E-Mobility. Collaboration with Airbus Group will create new perspectives for our company and open us up even more to disruptive innovation.“

Siemens President and CEO Joe Kaeser

siemens.com/innovation Editorial

The Autonomous future and the hidden bottleneck of Urban Aerial Mobility

When we think about the quickly developing eVTOL and pilot program. More crossover industries including auto- Wthe promising application as a new means of urban trans- mobiles, software, computer chips, electronics are pro- portation, it is obvious to see the potential barriers such as moting of UAM application. More mass media are dis- technologies maturity, regulation and certification, infra- cussing UAM future. The tide is rising and momentum is structures design and construction, production capacity high. When these factors are put together, it appears that and so on. These factors are the difficulties that the eVTOL the hidden bottleneck of the psychosocial factor could be supporters need to tackle with, especially the certification. broken. However, there is another barrier that is very important but easy to be overlooked. As Airbus CEO Tom Enders said Moreover, autonomous flight control would further help recently, the social acceptance of eVTOL is a big barrier ease the concern of people both in the air and on the for urban aerial mobility (UAM). The social acceptance is ground. Besides the advantage of being able to free cab- the hidden bottleneck of eVTOL. The technical difficulties in space and load capacity without a pilot or an opera- of eVTOL designs will be worked out. The regulation and tor in order to raise commercial viability of eVTOL, daily certification requirement can be addressed. Takeoff and the general public are getting used to the scenario of the landing pads can be designed to add on top of the ex- auto-driving automobiles and are being convinced of the isting city infrastructure. Production lines can be assem- advantages of autonomous driving technologies for bet- bled. Like people say, any problem that can be solved by ter safety, higher efficiency, and lower cost. In addition, money or technology is not a problem. Except for the hu- technologically it would be impossible to imagine a UAM man mind. The communities in the city and urban dwellers scenario without autonomous flight and air traffic control must be convinced of the positive impact of eVTOL on their to manage the numerous flights in an urban environment, daily life. They must accept the eVTOL flying overhead. and it would not be very wise not to take the advantage of being able to fly autonomously in a full-electrified air- It would not be easy to change people’s minds, especial- craft. After all the biggest benefits of electric aircraft from ly over a short time, but perhaps there are several things a design point of view are that it is much easier to design that might help. On top of the prerequisite of safe and ap- a more autonomous aircraft with electric propulsion and plicable designs, more demo flights should help get peo- control system rather then conventional power plant and ple used to the eVTOL flight scene. More open and re- hydraulic and mechanic flight controls. As Airbus A³ CEO ciprocal communication with local communities and Rodin Lyasoff said recently in his speech at TED half-jok- opinion leaders should also be helpful. More and more cit- ingly that perhaps in the future people may be more wor- ies around the world have joined the league to have UAM ried sitting in an airplane with a pilot. . Willi Tacke Xin Gou

e Flight Journal 3 Content / Imprint

e Flight Journal Quarterly Vol. 2-2018 www.e-ﬂight-journal.com supported by 6 • eNews around the world

Autonomous 12 • Merlin PSA Four-stroke Fleet Growing. eVTOLs take off Strategies for Social Acceptance And electrics? eFlight Meetings Raising interest around the world 16 • Cologne/Germany Congress:

Future of transportation

Kitty Hawk Flyer The part 103 eVTOL

Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotor wings, Fixed Wing, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule making news, Test Reports * Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotorwings, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule Rule Technoilogy, Hybrid Rotorwings, Multicopter, VTOLS, Aviation, Electric * Reports Test news, making Rule Technoilogy, Hybrid Wing, Fixed wings, Rotor Multicopter, VTOLS, Aviation, Electric in serial production 20 • UBER Elevate Summit 2018 / LA Categories editorial 3 24 • How to promote the social acceptance of eVTOL, one step at a time? Imprint 4 eNews 6 30 • Electric Light Airplane

taking over the world

34 • GAMA

We the e Flight Journal (e FJ) founders are a team of aviation journalists and 36 • Safety: whole airframe parachute enthusiasts who created Flying-Pages. Publishing several aviation publica- 38 • e-flight-Forum tions around the world. It started with the interest in electric flying in 2009. 39 • Update: eFlying in Norway We co-founded the e-Flight-Expo in Friedrichshafen/Germany as part of the 40 • Interview: AERO, and established it as the largest show for electric aviation worldwide. Challenges for autonomous eVTOL The e FJ is supported by the GAMA EPIC committee, Siemens, Rotax and •World Overview: eVTOL many others. 44

e Flight Journal EDITORIAL Disclaimer www.flying-pages.com Robby Bayerl, Marino Boric, Greg Bowls, René Coulon, Dimitri Delemarle, Jan This publication consists largely of information supplied by traders and Publisher, Flying-pages GmbH, Buttersteig 11, Fridrich, Mike Friend, Xin Guo, Martin Hardung, Dan Johnson, Klaus Köhmst- D-16831 Rheinsberg OT Zühlen edt, Germán Larrarte, Werner Pfändler, Peter Raab, Jan Otto Reimers, Torkell manufacturers. Flying-Pages GmbH and its associates do not take any • phone: D-033931/80 60 27, Fax.: D-030/34 70 91 24 Saetervade, Christian Tacke, Julia Tacke, Willi Tacke, Dave Unwin, Qinyin • [email protected] • www.flying-pages.com Zhang, Markus Villinger, Jean-Marie Urlacher (Photo). responsibility for the data, facts, wording, addresses, prices and spelling of ADVERTISING Managing Editor, Design: Bettina Cosima Larrarte Worldwide Willi Tacke, • phone :+49 (0)8841 / 487 515, the items published and do not claim the market survey to be complete. The mob:+49 (0)171 69 808 71, fax:+49(0)8841 / 496 012, Technical Proofreader/USA: Renée Larrarte US Cell: +1 920 385 8495 • [email protected] Online: Achim Holzmann publisher has made every effort to ensure its accuracy and completeness, and Germany & other Countries, Rosi Berkemeier • phone: +49 (0)33931/80 60 27 • Fax +49 (0)30 / 3470 9124 has queried many facts during its compilation, but cannot be held responsible • [email protected] © 2018 Flying-Pages GmbH. No part of this publication may be reproduced, USA, Bettina C. Larrarte • phone.: +1 970 310 1410 stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, for errors or omissions, or for any problems arising from them, or for the use • [email protected] electrical, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. to which the information is put.

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Rolls Royce developing hybrid propulsion for eVTOL Rolls Royce developing hybrid propulsion for eVTOL its gas turbine technology to generate electricity to pow- At the Farnborough Airshow this year, Rolls Royce an- er six electric motors. Its wings would be able to rotate 90 nounced it is developing a propulsion system for an eV- degrees, enabling the vehicle to take off or land vertically. TOL which plans to first fly in early next decade. The eV- Rolls Royce is looking for an airframe maker and a part- TOL will carry four to five people, can travel at speeds of ner to provide aspects of the electrical system for the eV- up to 250 mph (402 km/h) for approximately 500 miles. TOL design. Rolls Royce said the initial concept for the eVTOL will use

Japanese entities formed electric aviation consortium

Several leading Japanese entities in different areas including research institute, government agency and cor- porate initiated the country’s first electric aviation organi- developing innovative electric technology to reduce CO2 zation on July 1, 2018. JAXA launched the Electrification emissions and other negative impacts from aviation on Challenge for Aircraft (ECLAIR) consortium in collabo- the environment and incubating initiatives across indus- ration with IHI Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, tries to stimulate exponential growth of the country’s avi- Ltd., SUBARU CORPORATION, Hitachi, Ltd., Mitsubishi ation sector. Japanese companies including Toyota and Heavy Industries Aero Engines, Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric Honda Jet have already funded or participated in electric Corporation, and Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade aviation programs. and Industry(METI). ECLAIR consortium set two goals:

6 e Flight Journal e News

Blackfly another part 103 eVTOL from Larry Page

Opener’s Blackfly, another eVTOL project also partly at a speed of 62 miles per hour. It can take off from the funded by Google’s Larry Page, is revealed. Blackfly is water and is fully amphibious, or fly over grassy surface. It designed to be compliant with Part 103 ultralight so that claims to be able to be fully charged in less than 30 min- the aircraft does not need certification and the operator or utes. Blackfly is similar to Larry Page’s another eVTOL ul- pilot does not need a pilot license. Blackfly has tandem tralight Kitty Hawk Flyer in many aspects. Both are ex- short fixed wing on each of which there are four electric pected to be presented at EAA Airventure in July. motor and propellers. It claims up to 25 miles flight range

Bavaria ramping up for eVTOL trial on a historical site

An eVTOL trial program called BavAIRia led by the Technical University Munich (TUM) is underway. By this program the Bavaria government of Germany is planning an eVTOL trial area in which smaller drones and larger eVTOLs may fly beyond line of sight.

The area is planned to be located in the south- drone companies located including Volocopter, Lilium, west of Munich. The core area will be the test airport the drone company Quantum and AutoflightX the new- “Oberpfaffenhofen” - the former Dornier Airfield. 50 Years ly founded company of eFlight pioneer Tian Yu who has ago Dornier’s vertical takeoff jet plane Do-31 took off at been already committed to participate in the program. e this place. Nowadays Oberpfaffenhofen is a research air- country’s first electric aviation organization. field of the Bavarian government next to research insti- tutes like ESA and DLR. There are also several eVTOL and

e Flight Journal 7 e News

More Cities Joined Urban Aerial Mobility Program

Three more European cities joined urban aerial mobility (UAM) program recently. Hamburg of Germany signed to become part of the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Initiative during the 52nd Hamburg Aviation Forum in June. Ghent of Belgium signed the Manifesto of Intent to join the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and EIP-SCC Marketplace on 21 June. Ingolstadt signed the Manifesto of Intent to join the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and EIP-SCC Marketplace on 20 June initiative is led by Airbus, while institutional partners in- 2018. The UAM initiative is part of the European Innovation clude Eurocontrol and the European Aviation Safety Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (EIP-SCC), Agency (EASA). According to the UAM of EIP-SCC plan, which is supported by the European Commission, aims the trial cities will carry out UAM demonstration flight with to bring together cities, citizens, businesses and oth- industrial partners beginning in Q1 2019 and will run til er stakeholders in order to accelerate practical applica- the end of 2019. tion studies and their consequent implementation. The

The first group meeting of the joint-effort hybrid powerplant project was held at the Tecnam head office in May 2018

Rotax, Siemens, and Tecnam, team up for hybrid propulsion

On 17th May 2018, a consortium called H3PS(High Power European companies will join their experience to present High Scalability Aircraft Hybrid Powertrain) held the first a concrete performing parallel hybrid drive system alter- meeting in Capua Italy, at TECNAM headquarters. H3PS native that will dramatically reduce environmental impact is initiated by Tecnam, Rotax and Siemens and was se- of today’s general aviation four seats aircraft. The project lected and financed by the European Commission and will allow broadening the horizons of knowledge in the INEA Agency among 31 submitted proposals on the call field of parallel hybrid propulsion systems. Mobility for Growth under HORIZON 2020. The objec- By developing electrical components, including a paral- tive of the project is to put the basis for the development, lel hybrid drive system for general aviation segment, the manufacturing and in-flight test of a parallel hybrid pow- project will introduce the most advanced technologies for ertrain for General Aviation by the involvement of three all-electric aircraft and thus stimulating innovation in the European GA market leaders: TECNAM, BRP-ROTAX and sector. SIEMENS. The R&D departments of these three innovative

8 e Flight Journal The Future of Aviation April 10-13, 2019 Friedrichshafen - Germany

即将开启 coming soon e-flight-expo e-flight-forum China 2018 is part of the annual AERO in Friedrichshafen / Germany. Nov. 2- 4 You will find the most advanced electric, hybrid, fuel-cell and solar aircraft and propulsion systems. eVTOLs flying

www.e-flight-expo.com e News

e-flight-expo goes news, we decided to put even more focus on the electri- eVTOL with new Logo cal vertical takeoff and autonomous flight. As we had the world’s first electric flight show since 2 years ago we want In 2009 the AERO Friedrichshafen was path breaking for to have eVTOLs flying during the next AERO. Companies electric aviation. The world’s leading General Aviation ex- like Volocopter already confirmed and we hope that more hibition opened its halls to electric aviation. From electric will have the permit to fly by April 2019 so that they can ultralight trikes, three-axial controlled microlights to cer- fly in front of our visitors”. To show this new focus, AERO tified and even fuel cell driven electric aircraft. Now the also modified the e-flight-expo logo ( see below). fair is again setting the path by opening to a new trend and adding the eVTOL to the official name of e-flight-expo and integrating it into the logo of the special exhib- it. “We had the eVTOL from the beginning,” says AERO Boss Roland Bosch, “for example in Friedrichshafen the first Volocopter prototype was shown in 2011 and some years later also the serial product had its first appearance.” Seeing how autonomous eVTOLs are dominat- ing the technical development, the investment and the

still quite unspectacular, since the Octocopter rose in the vicinity of Cincinnati with Chief Operating Officer John Graber on the control panel only to an “altitude” of about 30 centimeters. But heck: off-hook is lifted. Manned Surefly drone www.workhorse.com/surefly takes off After being presented at the Paris Air Show last year, Workhorse’s Surefly passenger drone flew for the first time in manned condition. Actually, the first flight of the hybrid electric eVTOL project was already announced for the CES in Las Vegas, but the flight had to be canceled because of the weather. Well, everything fit. But the video of the maiden flight was

Air-Race Series with e-aviators

Jeff Zaltman, the founder of the Air Race 1 World Cup, ground. “We are now looking for the best engines and plans for the future an “Air Race E” series with electri- electronic systems for the job. Air Race E will be the unify- cally powered aircraft designed specifically for the rac- ing body that will drive the development and promotion of ing series and classified as experimental. It is planned clean and faster electric aircraft, “said Zaltman of his new that the races take place on a very close course near the project. Further information at www.airracee.com

10 e Flight Journal e News eVTOL project with tilt cockpit

Neoptera is the name of an eVTOL (electric Vertical TakeOff and Landing) aircraft concept developed by a team of engineers from Bristol, UK, and Toulouse, France, which should be able to ac- commodate two to five passengers or one to carry equiv- alent payload. The concept nacelle, which is pivotable relative to the rest of the air- was completed craft. While the remaining parts of the aircraft for takeoff in September or landing are vertical, the cockpit remains in a horizon- last year. In tal position. At the takeoff phase, the passenger compart- June this year, ment maintains this position, while the rest of the aircraft a series of full scale models will be put into operation. The makes a 90-degree turn to then proceed with the least current model has a wingspan of 1.2 meters and weighs possible resistance in the horizontal flight. www.neoptera. about 10 kg. Next, a full-fledged, flying prototype are to aero. be built. One of the key features of Neoptera is the cockpit

Designer Stephenson joins Lilium

Frank Stephenson, one of the world’s most renowned MC12 and McLaren P1, joined the Munich-based avia- and influential car designers, joined the German eV- tion company as the Head of Product Design. The Lilium TOL startup Lilium which is developing a fast, low-cost, Jet is based on a unique concept in which 36 hyper ef- emission-free aircraft that can takeoff and land vertical- ficient single electric jet engines are integrated into the ly. Stephenson, who designed the successful car mod- wing flaps of the aircraft to enable an effortless transition els such as BMW X5, new MINI, Ferrari F430, Maserati from hover mode to level flight.

e Flight Journal 11 Expo / Fair

Merlin PSA Four-stroke Fleet Growing. And electrics? “Smooth, fast, quiet”

Merlin is an efficient and comfortable fun flying machine with full met- al structure and full cabin enclosure.

Lakeland, FL, July 11, 2018: Another of the popular sin- The builder (remaining anonymous due his celebrity) fol- gle-place PSA (Personal Sport Aircraft), the Merlin has lowed the manual and helped refine it. As he worked on Ltaken flight, just hours after receiving its Airworthiness his machine between engagements, he said, “I’m taking Certificate. my time with this. I want everything to be perfect, and if that means stopping now and then to add to the manual, so be it.”

Chip Erwin, owner of Aeromarine LSA, is fine with that. “We’re setting up the Builder Center to allow customers to assemble their Merlins during their vacation, with time left over to fly. [This customer’s] helpful and meticulous atti- tude will pay off for future customers, and it gave us time to explore options and their installation.”

Chip Erwin has already developed and test flown an electric version of the AVIAD Zigolo MG12 ultralight for several years. The electric prototype uses a 26 hp electric motor.

12 e Flight Journal The Event to bring your products and ideas to China & Electrify China’s sky and your business

The second forum on Where: CHINA electric aviation in China: VTOL-, Autonomous Flight, When: November 02-04, 2018 LSA-, Hybrid, Engine-, Battery-, Manufacturers, Who: Flying-Pages GmbH Regulators, Investors Z-Park GA Alliance from around the World Beijing CHINA 地址：北京市海淀区西北旺东路10号院10号楼中国首个电动航空论坛，中关村新兴产业联盟大厦6-01 涵盖：来自世界各国的垂直起降、轻型运动飞机、混合动力、发动机、电池、制造商、管理部门、 & The who is who 投资者等重要参与者 in electric flight

sponsord by 2018 supported by www.e-flight-forum.com America & Europe (美国及欧洲): [email protected] / +49 171 698 0871 China & Asia:(中国及亚洲地区): [email protected] / +86 1362 8048 709 / or +49152 047 20326 Expo / Fair

The HKS-powered Merlin was developed in response to overwhelming demand for a solid four-stroke alternative to the earlier Rotax 582 two-stroke, and its crisp performance shows near-identical takeoff and climb, but with higher cruise numbers. [The Merlin’s performance is not limited by LSA rules.]

See the Merlin – several Merlins -- at Oshkosh.

The Merlin has established a reputation as the quick- est-build true 51% kit available. So complete and builder-ready is the Quick Build Kit (“There is no Slow Build op- tion,” jokes Erwin) that most major assemblies and skins are already tacked into position for shipping, requiring the builder to do some disassembly to bring it to the 51% stage. The electric version of Merlin uses a Siemens SP45 electric motor which is specifically designed for this kind of small electric airplanes. The kit (without engine, instruments, and paint) is priced at just $18,500. Depending on engine, BRS, and panel options, completed and painted aircraft cost from $35k to $50k.

For more information, visit Several Merlins” may include the first practi- www.aeromarine-lsa.com cal electric-powered PSA on the market. Contact: Will it come to Oshkosh? Erwin says, “Sure… along with Aeromarine LSA the new Electrolite, the electric-powered true Ultralight.” Chip W. Erwin +1 262 408 0124 Visit the Merlins in Space 190, just outside the NW corner [email protected] of Hangar C.

Merlin offers a fairly quick and easy kit construction. The builders should be able to en- joy the flying time in the air in short time rather than working on the kit on the ground.

14 e Flight Journal

e Congress

Cologne World Congress Future of transportation

Nothing less than the “Future of transportation” was promised by the organizers of the so named “World Conference”, organized in the Cologne Fair in June. The concept was having 225 speakers, which spoke, in 9 streams on new trends like autonomous driving or flying over 2 days. In the aviation sector there were very interesting speakers like Tom Gunnarson from Kitty Hawk, Andreas Thell- mann from Airbus and Diana Siegel from Aurora/ Boeing. Also present: Volocopter, Bell and EASA, DLR, Munich Airport and Deutsche Flugsicherung (German Air Traffic Control).

Scott Drennan, Head of Innovation at Bell (3rd from left), announced a new partnership with Safran at the e propulsion system.

16 e Flight Journal e Congress

Andreas Thellmann (Airbus), Derrick Xiong (EHang), Scott Drennan (Bell) discussing the right approach to autonomous eVTOLs.

Scott Drennan from Bell in the US had an interesting an- and manned eVTOLs over the G5 network. Another inter- Snouncement to make. The American helicopter manufac- esting field was the flying in city environment. turer stated together with the French technology company Darrell Swanson, Aviation consultant & Board Member of Safran. Safran will not only produce some small turbines British Aviation Group, reported on research which had for Bells hybrid drive, but also will supply small electric been made about the winds in the Skyscraper environ- motors for eVTOL. Interesting also the presentations from ment. “The strong wind produces turbulences. Because EHang and Huawei from China. The telecom giant works of that eVTOL platforms on the side of skyscrapers will together with eHang in developing the control of drones not be usable many days of the year”. The presentation of

FLEXCRAFT is an aircraft concept, which is optional a VTOL. It may take off from runways to support passenger- and logistics markets.

e Flight Journal 17 e Congress

EHang/Huaweis control center for drone and eVTOL. EHangs flight of the dutch prince in a stadium on video.

Clement Monnet of the helicopter startup Voom was very over the App there can also be booked a car ride for the interesting. Voom was founded as a sister company of last mile. Voom was over that last two years operating so A3, the Airbus subsidiary in Silicon Valley. successfully that it was changed from A3 to a direct sub- Voom developed an Internet booking and pooling sys- sidiary of Airbus Helicopters. Airbus sees the Voom pro- tem for existing helicopters. In São Paulo and Mexico gram as a test platform for their future eVTOL businesses. City Voom is operating an online service over which cus- Unfortunately, the organizers missed the chance to real- tomers can book rides from four locations downtown to ly mix their streams and getting autonomous car devel- São Paulo and Mexico City airport. The rides are normally opers, city-planers and aviation people to talk with each pooled for a fix price and are much cheaper than conven- other, especially when considering the quite high partici- tional charter flights. Like in the planed UBER AIR service pation fee of 1,900 Euros per person.

Kitty Hawk´s list to get eVTOL reality. How the company Consortiq sees the development.

18 e Flight Journal e Congress

Dr. Michael Lipka from Huawei´s European Research Institute, ex- plained how the company sup- ports drones and eVTOLS with its 5G network.

Only two aircraft on display: Ehang 184 - and Volocopters 2X was the second aircraft shown in the hall.

e-flight around the World - via Video connection at the eFF Beijing

Clement Monnet from Voom reported on the success of the Airbus Helicopter on demand App (photo above). Full house: the or- ganizer announced 600 registered guests.

e Flight Journal 19 eVisions

UBER ELEVATE SUMMIT 2018 LA Uber Concept

Elevate

Fast-Forwarding to a Future of On-Demand Urban Air Transportation

The helicopter Octobercompany 27, 2016 Bell Last year, the Uber Elevate Summit was the surprise event in avia- Dragonfly presented as the tion community. The taxi service company succeeded in getting big only one of the companies in attendance from all areas of the economy to have in- five Uber can- didate with- terests and to bring much of the interest to Dallas for the first sum- out an actual concept de- mit. There was as the second event about Elevate Summit in Los sign of its air- Angeles, this was the 2.0 version of the meeting. craft. Instead Bell showed its 3D simula- Is this all just a hype or will it really change aviation? That New CEO New Strategy tor to give an was the question in the room after the 2017 event. The Uber has experienced a big personnel change since the impression of Isecond edition took place in Los Angeles, even bigger, first Elevate conference. Dara Khosrowshahi replaced the world of with even wilder ideas - but also with even more poten- Uber founder and CEO Travis Kalanick. There was a tomorrow tial participants and even more research approaches to a whole lot going on at Uber in 2017 given a series of scan- whole new way of flying. Whether one believes that soon dals. Khosrowshahi has begun to polish up the slightly Uber air taxi jets will be everywhere, or whether one re- battered reputation while promoting technical develop- mains rather skeptical, is in the eye of the beholder. The ment. He wants to make the company, which has already fact is: the group of supporters is growing. This results in attracted attention several times through the disregard of the announcement that Uber landed Los Angeles as the national laws, a partner of the rulers. At least at the city- second American city of the “trial city” of the urban aeri- level of Los Angeles this approach has done well. al mobility concept.

20 e Flight Journal eVisions

At the Elevate conference this year Uber Chief Product Officer Jeff Holden announced that Los Angeles would become the second Uber Elevate trial city in the United States.

Aurora’s study with hub and thrust components. The CRM 001, one of the Uber Elevate concept proposals.

Pipistrels eVTOL lifting components on the fuselage. Karem, a new competitor in the Elevate ring, with “tilt props” design.

e Flight Journal 21 eVisions

Uber now sells Elevate even more as an integrated mo- Personnel change bility concept rather than just as an air taxi service. So In terms of personnel, Eric Ellison, formerly head of Larry the company has started in recent months, via the Uber Pages eVTOL company Zee AERO, was introduced as Pool Service to fill the cars of its drivers with passengers. the new director of the Elevate program. The former proj- Because in most cars in the US – the same as in many ect manager (Product Officer) Jeff Holden left the compa- European cities there is only the driver. Often there are ny shortly after the event. In addition, Uber was joined by already restrictions on such “understaffed” vehicles. In Celina Mikolajczak (previously at Tesla) as the Director of LA for example, this was clearly shown to me, as on the Engineering, Battery Systems and Tom Prevot (formerly at plague- inner-city motorways the leftmost lane may only NASA) as the Director of Engineering, Airspace Systems. be used if at least two people are in the car (a carpool lane). So my colleague and I in our vehicle swiftly passed They also did their homework in another segment: the the morning traffic jam, while the “lone fighters” on the bosses of six leading architecture firms in the US showed six lanes to the right of us at “stop and go traffic” needed their idea of what the planned Uber Skyports would look good nerves and great patience. Similar with the situation like and how they could be integrated into the inner cities. of the pooled cars, the Uber Elevate air taxi will only pay Los Angeles as the “trial city” off if they are fully occupied. Finally, the new Uber boss announced that they have just taken over the electric bi- Of course, the mayor of LA, Eric Garcetti, did not miss cycle service Jumpy to relieve the inner city traffic. the opportunity to welcome Uber and the summit to the city and to underline the commitment, which LA is mak- THROW SPECIALIST ON BOARD ing to this project. Finally, one sees in Elevate an impor- What else has happened in the Uber concept in the last tant building block to solve the massive traffic problems of year? One of the partners for the Elevate aircraft changed: the metropolis with four million residents. Mooney / Cartercopter are no longer on board and were replaced with the drone company Karem which is a new At the end of the event, another highlight was announced: VTOL drone specialist. In contrast to the other designs in addition to the two US “Early Adopter Cities” (early adopt- shown so far, Karem relies on the “tilt” principle, i.e. ers) Dallas and now also Los Angeles, Uber is looking for swiveling electric motors with large propellers. Aurora / a third city in the world, which may apply right now. The Boeing presented some new studies and aircraft manu- prerequisite: there must be a densely built-up agglomer- facturers Embrair, who founded a new subsidiary com- ation with at least two million inhabitants. Two weeks after pany EmbrairX, showed a first concept study. Pipistrel’s the Elevate Event, new Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi an- Chief Designer Tine Tomazic, also the CEO of the new- nounced during a visit to the French President Emmanuel ly founded company Pipistrel Vertical Solutions, showed Macron that a Uber Elevate Test Center will be built near for the first time a design study of what Pipistrel Uber eV- Paris for 20 million euros. Upon request, it was said from TOL will look like. Battery partner Chargepoint presented the Uber headquarters that this was not a preliminary de- a plug that allows the five-seater vehicles to be charged cision for the third city. The race is still on for the third tri- extremely quickly. al city.

EmbraerX, the newly founded eVTOL subsidiary of the Brazilian aviation giant, showed an eVTOL con- In some major ceptual design cities the Uber with separate air taxi app are lift and thrust already avail- propulsions. able for use

22 e Flight Journal eVisions

Humphreys & Partner: Home for eVTOLs.

Conclusion Will Uber Elevate now endure and be realized as a concept? I believe so! It probably will not be the new mass transit mode of the future where you can travel 50 miles by air taxi for the price of a taxi ride on the road. To achieve such low prices, it would take hundreds of thousands of flights to quickly amortize the aircraft and infrastructure in- Skyport de- vestment. I do not think that the Uber Elevate Taxis will sign from solve our present-day traffic problems single handed- Pickard ly. But I believe that they can be a building block in the Chilton. top segment of a whole package of measures consist- ing of electric bikes, carpools, improved car utilization via the Uber Pool, new car sharing options and even more concepts and projects that have yet to be developed. Of course there was also criticism at the Elevate summit: some company representatives complained that everything would be controlled by Uber and thereby excluded a Uber Skyport from Boka lot of other market participants. Of course, the members of Powell. the Uber team see this differently. Other companies could indeed build competing systems, so would the Uber team. If one were to relinquish control now, there would be a risk that the dynamics of the topic would be slowed down considerably. If you want to get yourself an idea of the conference, you can read all lectures at the Uber Elevate Vision of webpage or at www.e-flight-journal.com which interest- an inner- ed parties will also find lectures from the AERO and the city port Sustainable Air Symposium in San Francisco 2018. by Gennett Fleming.

e Flight Journal 23 Market Watch

How to promote the social acceptance of eVTOL, one step at a time?

Kitty Hawk Flyer has been test flying for long and are about to be commercial available.

Let’s admit it, eVTOL cannot hide its futuristic appearance. It may be technologically sound, but it still looks exotic from the “normal” aircraft that many people know of: multiple whining propellers, very short wings (or even no wings or tilt wings) and battery-powered. If social acceptance is the biggest hurdle for the commercial development of electric aviation, then eVTOL is on the top of the list. However, that all can be changed. The right approach, some patience and perhaps a bit of luck may help. How are some eVTOL aircraft making the efforts?

Perhaps the slogan of Kitty Hawk Flyer says it all “from work before the attention vanishes. The key words here the breathtaking freedom of flight, to a world free from are feasible, quick rollout, operational and utmost, being Ptraffic”. Great things begin small. In order to let the so- safe. By this judging standard, Kitty Hawk Flyer fits the ciety accept eVTOL as a viable and operational technol- bill nicely. When the Flyer prototype rolled out last year, it ogy product and even more importantly, as a transpor- might look crude in the eyes of some professional pilots, tation method, a feasible proof-of-concept product must but it gave good demonstration flight to the public and be in the market sooner rather than later so that people stirred some good anticipation and eagerness. A year lat- can witness how the technology and concept actually er when the production model Flyer came out, it looked

24 e Flight Journal Market Watch

Volocopter’s “Hub” eVTOL site concept in the city very different from the prototype. Its simplistic design look and all white color echo the popular consumer electronic products. So it should be fair to assume that the prototype was just the test bed for the technology and components. The production model Flyer provide not only an aircraft, The approach that Kitty Hawk Flyer takes to promote the but a complete eVTOL solution package to the end user, social acceptance of eVTOL is certainly noteworthy in sev- not sure if the cool helmet and T-shirts are included. If the eral aspects. First it takes an incremental approach by of- delivery begins within this year as Kitty Hawk states, Flyer fering a recreational product to the general public. The will very likely be the world’s first commercial available eV- whole training process is carefully designed and stream- TOL aircraft in the market. lined with the general public in mind, those who do not

Youtube channel host celebrity Casey Neistat was invited to try out Flyer. He obviously enjoyed the whole experience to the full

e Flight Journal 25 Market Watch

Casey Neistat had about two-hour sim- ulator training before taking the real flight

have any pilot experience. The flight training takes about places compared to the pilots at the local general aviation two hours total for now and is expected to be further airports. If things go by the Flyer team’s plan, very soon shortened. Second, it circumvents the certification is- there will be thousands or even tens of thousands of peo- sue by producing a part 103 compliant legal ultralight. ple experiencing eVTOL flight and many of them will tell Therefore, no pilot license and pilot-level medical check their friends and friends of friends about the eVTOL ex- are required. Really nothing is required to jump into the perience. This is the purpose that Flyer will serve. Things Flyer cockpit and go fly after a two-hour training. Third, will go viral in the time of the Internet and social media. it assures the operational safety by limiting the flight alti- The Flyer flying video by Casey Neistat, the YouTuber hot tude to a mere 3 meters and a top speed of only 32kph star, has gained over 1.3 millions views within a month, and it is suggested to only fly over water. By these means, with over 52000 “thumps up”. Meanwhile the Flyer’s sister Flyer opens up the door of trying eVTOL flight to much eVTOL model Cora is undergoing flight tests silently but more people than just pilots and can offer the products steadily in New Zealand. In comparison with Flyer, Cora to end users right here right now without the certifica- may actually be the real serious transportation means. tion requirement. Toy-like looking, Flyer is not designed Thus it should be safe to say that Flyer is breaking up to be a transportation means and may never intend to the hidden bottleneck of eVTOL while Cora is undergo- be. Flyers will be primarily offered for fun experience at ing the tedious flight tests and certification process. By theme parks and beaches. Think about the crowd at such the time Cora is ready to offer urban aerial mobility services, people will more likely accept the whining eVTOL flying around more easily. Of course there are still some un- known factors about Flyer’s operation. For instance how can Flyer be operated commercially as a Part 103 ultralight? Should the person on board be regarded as the pilot or the passenger? With the available talents and re- sources that Kitty Hawk has, these concerns will likely be ironed out in the process. But even putting commercial operation prospect aside, being able to provide possibil- ity of experiencing eVTOL aircraft to the general public is an enormous achievement. Summer is here. Let’s look Simulated emergency water escape training. forward to the flying fun of Flyers by many people.

26 e Flight Journal ࿯༶࿯༶ · ޵࢟჎Ⴧ⏾㔁ᱧ჎ ŹჇჇ⏾㔁 News㔁ᱧ171 CERTIFIEDCCIIOOGLIERTIFIED MOTORGLIDERSMOTORGLIDERS ˞఻࣎҄Ϣ ఻࣎Ύၹ

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e Flight Journal 27 自由之翼自由之翼 2015－2012015－20166 WorldWorld Directory of LiLightght Aviation 2015-2016 171 Market Watch

Volocopter integrates its landing site design into the urban transportation system. The 2x is at the moment flying as mi- crolight, but later version should be EASA certified.

Besides Kitty Hawk Flyer, Volocopter is also breaking the ice of the social acceptance. As far as we know, Volocopter has been quickly forming the serial production capacity and has been test flying in various places around the world actively. Different from Flyer, the two-seat Volocopter is intended for urban aerial mobility purpose. At the e-flight-expo in Friedrichshafen Germany this April, Volocopter executives presented their design concept of the takeoff and landing facility in urban environment. It should be aware that Volocopter has completed the UL category airworthi- Volocoper’s “Hub” site concept utilizes automatic battery quick swap and vehicle storage ness inspection of the German ultralight association (DULV) in 2017 which was a marvelous endeavor by itself and was first such airworthiness inspection to be completed in the world. When the serial pro- duced Flyer and Volocopter roll out off the assembly line and are delivered to users, that day will be a small step for each company, but a giant leap for eVTOL.

28 e Flight Journal e Personality

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Electric Light Airplane taking over the world

Still water runs deep. That is the Traditional looking fixed wing electric light airplane may very true situation in the world not look as futuristic as eVTOL, but perhaps the tradition- of electric light airplanes. When alT appearance works exactly to its advantage because the normal look may very well make it easier to be ac- people are discussing the fea- cepted in operation for three reasons. First, it is easier sibility of eVTOL as a transpor- to retrofit with electric propulsion system on a traditional fixed wing airframe. No disruptive aerodynamic airframe tation method, traditional look- design is needed. This means a quick rollout time from ing electric airplanes have been paper to prototype and to serial production and time is certified, serial production has gold in business. Second, it would be easier to get certified with a traditional layout. Certification is the prima- begun and is operational and ry concern for electric aviation development. In order to receiving confirmed orders mass-produce and operate, certification is a necessi- ty and the traditional aerodynamic layout and structure around the world. This is the design of these fixed wing electric light airplanes certain- stepping-stone for the social ac- ly make the certification work easier rather than harder. ceptance of electric aviation. The third reason may be the most important one for the

30 e Flight Journal Market Watch

These two photos show the busy assembly lines of Pipistrel Alpha electro production. social acceptance of electric aviation: it would be easier Alpha Electro for pilots, operators, passengers and the general public to Pipiestral’s Alpha Electro two-seater is by far the best sold use the airplane because it appears familiar. We humans full electric airplanes. It is based on the WATTsUP pro- prefer something we know of because familiarity usually totype, which first flew in 2014. Alpha Electro went into means safety in evolution. the market in 2015 and as of today it has been flying or confirmed orders in many countries including Slovenia, Despite the fact these electric light airplanes may look Switzerland, Norway, France, the US, Canada, Australia, alike with their internal combustion engine siblings in the New Zealand, China, Brazil. When thinking about the to- appearance, the electric propulsion system including mo- tal size of these countries, it might be a surprise to see tor, controllers, batteries, battery management are essen- that electric airplanes have been able to fly in over half of tially the same as any other electric aircraft models so the world. It is even more amazing that this global cover- electric light airplanes hit two birds with one stone: it ac- age was achievement in only over three years. It would be celerates the operational process of electric airplanes and exciting to see what will be happening in the next three plays the role of good test platform for electric propulsion years. Pipiestral has broken the ground for the joint-ven- system. Fixed wing electric light airplanes, though lack of ture factory in China this coming April. The Chinese joint- vertical takeoff and landing capacity, serve a different mar- venture factory is scheduled to complete construction in ket as eVTOL: the primary training market. The current two years and will be able to produce several hundreds electric light airplane models in serial production all have airplanes each year, Alpha electro included. It is true that about two hours flight duration, which is good enough for Alpha electro are flying in many of the above countries circus flight training and local sightseeing which are the with a special permit to fly, the ongoing 600kg UL new reg- major usage of all two seat light airplanes. ulation in EU countries will benefit electric UL with much increased gross weight which can translate into longer duration or higher useful load.

e Flight Journal 31 Market Watch

Sun Flyer 2 two seater electric airplane from Bye Aerospace plans to apply for Part 23 certification.

Alpha electro has been selected to participate in var- geography of Norway with long coastline and numerous ious electric aviation initiatives around the world. The islands should have some interesting application of elec- most recent program is the Norwegian government’s am- tric amphibian. Equator P2 Xcursion made the first flight bitious electric aviation plan to use electric airplanes to just above the runway in mid July and will continue test bring passengers by 2025 and to electrify the country’s fly. In order to facilitate the design, production and certi- commuter airplane fleet by 2040. Alpha electro is select- fication, Equator P2 Xcursion used a traditional stick and ed as the demonstration airplane. As an indicator of the rudder control system instead of the intended fly-by-wire Norwegian government’s commitment and determina- rudder control. tion to electric aviation, in the first flight of Alpha electro in Oslo in June 2018, Norwegian airport operator Avinor’s CEO Dag Falk-Petersen was the pilot and Minister of EX1E Transport and Communications Ketil Solvik-Olsen was the only passenger. RX1E, developed by Liaoning General Aviation Academy in China, is the first electric airplane in the world complet- ing a certification process because it was flown in China Equator P2 Xcursion under the category of light sports airplane (LSA) which is, The passion for electric aviation is growing rapidly in similar to EASA, a certified category. The northeastern re- Norway. The homegrown Equator P2 Xcursion elec- gional office of China’s civil aviation regulator CAAC com- tric two-seat amphibian airplane has some eye-catching pleted the LSA type certification in February 2015 and features such as the unique hull design and enormous granted production approval to RX1E in November 2015, cockpit. The P2 Xcursion project was inspired by Günter though there is not yet an established standard certifica- Pöschel’s modular amphibian design, which traced back tion procedure for electric LSA by CAAC. The first genera- several decades. The founder Tomas Brødreskift met tion of RX1E had flight duration of about one hour, which Günter in the summer of 2008 and was impressed with was too short for practical training flight especially when the original Equator’s design potential. Tomas made the considering the mandatory half hour reserve requirement. first sketches and models of P2 Xcursion in 2009, and The upgraded version RX1E-A first flew in November founded Equator Aircraft two years later. An electric air- 2017. RX1E-A claims to have two hour flight duration with plane designer cannot possibly ask for a better policy en- larger battery, increased gross weight of 550kg and is vironment for electric mobility than in Norway. The unique planned to be commercial available later this year.

32 e Flight Journal Market Watch

Equator PX2 Xcursion from Norway is a rare electric amphibian airplane which may just suit the country’s geography and user demand.

Sun Flyer 2 The two-seater Sun Flyer 2 developed by Bye Aerospace in America made its maiden flight in April 2018. It has been designed specifically for the flight training market and plans a 3.5-hour duration. What’s significant is that Sun Flyer 2 is intended to be certified under FAR 23. As FAA modified FAR 23 towards a performance based certification process, there is a promising regulatory ground for electric light airplanes like Sun Flyer. Though the performance estimate of the Sun Flyer 2 seems quite ag- gressive, considering the time it may take to get certified and the growth curve of battery technology during RX1E electric LSA from China rolled out an upgraded version last this period of time, it may not be an impossible mission. November with large battery and higher useful load.

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GAMA Epic grows around the world: ELC, SVO & www.gama.aero eVTOL-Ad Hoc

Annual Meeting at the AERO e-flight-expo GAMA VP Greg Bowls (right) at AERO panel discussion

At this moment you can’t open an aviation trade press with great potential to both improve the efficiency, reliabil- email without learning of another new activity related ity and accessibility of traditional aviation but also to intro- Ato electric flight. At the General Aviation Manufacturers duce entirely new aviation markets which are enabled by Association (GAMA) we have been fortunate to have been the capabilities of eAircraft. working with the community of electric aircraft manufacturers from the very early days. Back in 2015 GAMA formed Working with authorities around the world the Electric Propulsion & Innovation Committee (EPIC) to There are growing numbers of hybrid and all electric air- facilitate electric aviation (eAircraft) by working with the planes being developed with ever increasing ranges. global manufacturing base and key regulators on poli- While increased energy density remains an important cy, regulations and legislation; over the last 3-years the area of focus, companies are already fielding airplanes GAMA EPIC has grown to address multi-faceted issues with well over an hour endurance, plus reserve and new projects are being designed with several hours of endurance. Early the advantages of electric propulsion became evident: - High Reliability - Low Maintenance - High Torque from Low to High RPM - Scaleable Efficiency from Small to Large - Discrete Motor Size and Weight - Highly Controllable This past year, the GAMA Electric Propulsion Subcommittee (ELC) of the GAMA EPIC has worked with key regulators to define a regulatory path (including means of compliance) Gama meeting with the FAA administrator in Oshkosh

34 e Flight Journal e Industry

Panel discussion with leaders of the in- dustrie on electric aviation for the electrification of the aviation powertrain. More re- of aviation into the airspace becomes a reality. cently, the members have been working with regulators to If you would like to be a part of the GAMA Electric identify training and operational issues related to electric Propulsion & Innovation Committee (EPIC), please con- flight. In the U.S. and Europe, the regulators are working tact Greg Bowles at GAMA ([email protected] to define technical criteria for electric propulsion through +1.202.393.1500). standards in ASTM F39 & F44. These regulators plan to use these standards as means of compliance for the design of eAircraft. When it comes to aeroplanes which meet the specifications of the FAA’s part 23 or EASA’s CS-23, these means of compliance will satisfy the existing regulations while in other cases, special conditions may be used for a period of time until rule changes can be well defined A propeller conversion is one of the smartest investments you can make and implemented. for your aircraft. Hartzell Propeller Top Prop STC Conversions allow you to upgrade to our innovative new designs featuring scimitar blades, The major developments of the EPIC are not limited to blended airfoils, and rugged structural composite materials. We’re just electric propulsion. The Simplified Vehicle Operations pushing the limits of technology. Prepare for take-off. 〉 Better take-off and climb Subcommittee (SVO) of the GAMA EPIC has been hard 〉 Improved air speed at work defining design and operational aspects required 〉 Smooth operation and less noise to implement increased automation and autonomy in air- Swap Your Prop Most Top Prop kits ship within 3 days. craft. The work of the SVO has matured a great deal this 〉 Cessna past year; currently the SVO is working to determine ap- 〉 Beech 〉 Socata propriate levels of design assurance for levels of automa- 〉 Piper tion which take on roles which have traditionally been ac- 〉 Commander 〉 Diamond complished by the pilot. 〉 Fairchild 〉 Mooney Finally, the eVTOL Ad-Hoc of the GAMA EPIC has been 〉 Pilatus hard at work identifying issues and areas of commonali- ty which can be worked across the membership. The eV- Experience the TOL Ad-Hoc has been meeting almost monthly; the group Hartzell Difference includes nearly every leading eVTOL manufacturer in the world. Over the next several months the GAMA eVTOL Ad- Hoc is working to develop a framework for the design and operation of eVTOL concepts in key markets around the world. Most recently, the Ad-Hoc members met with key HartzellProp.com/TopProp Contact us at 800-942-7767 FAA leaders as the initial work of integrating this new kind

e Flight Journal 35 e Safety

A whole airframe parachute: Peace of mind

BRS founder Boris Popov during his presentation at the Sustainable Aviation Symposium in San Francisco this May.

In order for the general public to build trust in the viability of eVTOL as a transportation means, there cannot be enough emphasis on safety. For this reason a whole airframe parachute would be very helpful in easing people both in the air and on the ground.

Despite eVTOL’s numerous advantages, eVTOL mod- battery packs and controllers and so on. eVTOL designs els without wings and those only relying on lift propel- must be able to land safely when one or more lift propel- Dlers have distinctive disadvantages. Due to the fact that in lers, or any part of the flight system fail. If these safety de- most cases the lift propellers are fixed pitch and cannot signs could be called active safety methods, then in the auto rotate to descend safely in an emergency, other safe- worst scenario, the whole airframe parachute would al- ty measures must be taken to assure passengers safe- ways be a good passive safety choice. In addition, know- ty, especially considering the general public’s response ing there is a parachute on board can always bring extra to these exotic aircraft. Many safety measures have been peace of mind to passengers. In fact, the psychological built in the eVTOL design from the beginning, such as re- state of the passengers might be a decisive factor in the dundant lift propellers, flight control computers, sensors, commercial operation prospective of eVTOL. Moreover,

36 e Flight Journal e Safety

Boris Popov revealed an innovative new product design for VTOL landing, which could be quite helpful to improve the operation safety.

people on the ground must also be taken into account. whole airframe parachute. When it comes to making pas- Therefore, when human factor of eVTOL is considered, a sengers comfortable in an aircraft with a whole airframe whole airframe parachute appears to be a must for eV- parachute, eVTOL can certainly learn something from the TOL aircraft to not only ease the passengers on board, but existing general aviation aircraft. also to ensure less collateral damage on the ground. This peace of mind for people both in the air and on the ground Actually the regulators may possibly have already consid- may very well serve as the ice breaker for the market en- ered the importance of the whole airframe parachute on trance and the acceptance of eVTOL in daily life. eVTOL and may require it as mandatory for eVTOL’s certification. The good news is that the whole airframe para- When we look at the general aviation development, it chute has been in place for a fairly long time among all would be interesting to see the importance of the whole types of general aviation aircraft including: fixed wing air- airframe parachute in the growth of single airplane mod- craft from ultralight to light jets, gyrocopters and UL he- el. When Cirrus introduced and certified the airframe para- licopters, so it has already accumulated enough good chute, it was not only a revolution in the general aviation experiences designing and installing the whole airframe industry, but also assured a promising growth for the air- parachute for various aircraft configurations. Thus the plane. When looking in retrospect, it is hard to estimate adoption of the whole airframe parachute should be rel- how many Cirrus pilots began learning to fly only because atively quick. The difficulty in eVTOL whole airframe para- of the whole airframe parachute. But the contribution of chute design lays in the improvement of low altitude open- the whole airframe parachute is very likely play a criti- ing but there are already smart designs specifically for cal role in attracting and expanding the pilot and owner eVTOL aircraft so passengers on board an eVTOL in the base. Pilots themselves may be willing to fly a small air- near future can have a real peace of mind. When people plane without the whole airframe parachute, but their fam- really feel safe at heart, they will embrace the new technol- ilies might only allow them to fly in an airplane with the ogy and the exciting new transportation method.

e Flight Journal 37 e e-flight Personality Forum

Global effort: 2nd e-flight-forum in China in November 2018

The first e-Flight-Forum held in Beijing in November 2017 was a great success with over 40 presenters and 300 hundreds audiences .

The e-Flight-Forum is the first event in China in regard of and hybrid propulsion systems, battery technologies, all aspects of electric aviation. Flying Pages GmbH or- from Europe, China and the US, as well as the responsi- Tganized the first e-Flight-Forum in Beijing in November ble authorities and the operators of future urban aerial mo- 2017 with the Chinese partner Z-park General Aviation bility systems. All major players in e-aviation around the Industry Alliance. The Forum was the first electric aviation world are expected to attend the event along with their event ever held in China. The first Forum held in Beijing Chinese counterparts from the regulator, research institu- was a great success with over 40 presenters from around tions, incumbent aerospace companies, startups, oper- the world, several world premiers of electric aircraft proj- ators and investors. The date of the event is earmarked ect including Verdego eVTOL chaired by Eric Lindbergh, for November 2-4th conveniently before Zhuhai Air Show over 300 audiences and several follow-up project invest- which is the largest aerospace trade show in China be- ment discussions between the Chinese investors and the ginning on November 6th. Therefore for companies who projects. are going to Zhuhai Airshow, the second e-flight-forum in China will be a good opportunity to stop by to know about After successfully introducing the electric aviation con- the latest development in this exciting area in China. The cept and opportunities into China with the first e-Flight- forum will also have a designated road show session in Forum in Beijing, Flying Pages will organize the second which invited e-aviation projects will present their promis- e-Flight-Forum in a major Chinese city from November ing projects to potential investors. 2-4, 2018 with co-host and sponsors. The second Forum in China will discuss around two major topics: autono- As the second largest economy in the world, the largest mous flight and eVTOL. The second Forum will bring to- electric vehicles market in the world, and a country with gether the leading manufacturers of airframes, electric the desire for high-tech innovation, China is an important

38 e Flight Journal e-Flight Forum

Some international and Chinese presenters at the first e-Flight-Forum.

market for electric aviation. Both public and private sec- e-Flight-Forum in China bridge the electric aviation par- tors in China have shown good appetite for electric avi- ticipants around the world with the ation technologies. With nine years of experience in or- Chinese regulator, investors and poten- ganizing the e-flight-expo and promoting electric aviation, tial operators. as well as eight years of publishing and promoting gen- For further information, please visit eral aviation in China, Flying Pages GmbH will make the www.e-flight-forum.com

Norway Most electric cars per capita 95% renewable energy. 1st e-flight conference in Oslo, e-flight in organized by Avinor in March June 2018: 1st e-Trainer takes off. July 2018: Equator e-seaplane maiden flight. Norway 2025: 1st e-commuter-flights planned !!! takes off

Ketil Solvik-Olsen, Norwegian Transport Minister, on the e-maiden flight in June 2018.

e Flight Journal 39 e Personality

Interview with Dr. Frank Anton/Siemens eAircraft

The boss in the cockpit: Frank Anton with the eFusion in Grenchen 2017. Challenges for autonomous eVTOL Dr. Frank Anton is the President of Siemens eAircraft, one of the most outstanding fighters for an electrification of Aviation over the last ten years. Under his lead Siemens not only started a coopera- tion with Airbus but also developed the first 260 KW world record engine!

They are also involved in several eVTOL projects like the City Airbus. Airbus President Tom Enders stated he thinks Tthat the “Social acceptance” is the key factor for the success of electrical autonomous Airtaxis - we asked Dr. Frank Anton how he sees the biggest challenges for the future and how he thinks the eVTOL will develop.

Frank Anton (right) with the 2016 e-flight-Expo Award.

40 e Flight Journal e Personality

eFlight Journal: Which of the following key factors is the afraid of flying especially in small vehicles. Jealousy? Yes, biggest challenge for the success of eVTOLs and the suc- maybe a factor if the price for a passenger mile - after a pe- cess of autonomous air taxis in the near future? riod of introductions - doesn’t come down to a reasonable 1st: Technical challenges, autonomous control of the level, so that most people can afford it. vehicle eFJ: How is Siemens addressing these subjects? 2nd: Energy supply (Battery etc.) Frank: First of all - we are a technology company! We 3rd Certification: of electric propulsion and - autonomous work hard to make our technology safe and through safe control of the vehicle or Social acceptance (SA) - of elec- operations the technology will find its adopters and the tric flight in general and autonomous eVTOL especially? public will accept it if it can be operated safe. We trust in Dr. Frank Anton: There are challenges on the technical our electric propulsion system and I do personally think side, for which we will find solutions and also the certifi- that proving technology in a day-to-day life is the best op- cation side will be solved with the authorities. I see a lot tions to address SA. In this process we are involving ex- of willingness to solve problems there. For me the largest tensive test on ground and in flights. digital challenges are not the vehicles but the restructur- eFJ: There was an accident with an aircraft with a Siemens ing of the airspace and the integration of those eVTOLs in propulsion system - will this be a draw back? this space. And - connected with this - the acceptance of Frank: We have to say, that we are feeling very deeply with this new Airtaxis in the society. the beloved ones of the pilots. But we also trust in our pro- eFJ: Where do you see the most difficulty to achieve the pulsion systems. At the moment we cannot say anything SA? Is it the fear, or lack of belief, that technical challeng- about the reasons for this accident - which is under inves- es can be solved? Or jealousy of the people who do not tigation of the Hungarian authorities. We work very closely like when some people - early adopters - can use those with them and they will publish the report as soon as they vehicles while others cannot? Or the mass factor: hun- have finished the investigation. dreds or thousand eVTOLs over a city... eFJ: Do you think eVTOLs should be equipped with para- Frank: The fear certainly is a factor, as many people are chute systems?

"The big advantage is - there are no surprises in the air."

High media interest whenever Frank Anton flies the Siemens eFusion.

e Flight Journal 41 e Personality

e-flight around the World - via Video connection at the e-flight Paris Airshow: Frank with German Minister for Forum (eFF) in Beijing. Economics and Energy Brigitte Zypries.

Frank: Yes! Even I know that these systems cannot solve Frank: In Europe and US there is a lot of structural friction all possible problems - for example in low altitude. But I of the existing Air traffic structure. Like many others I think believe that such a system can help provide fatal conse- that China can be among this early adopters as there is a quences of incidents of people on board of the aircraft as great willingness from the Government. Another area will well as on the ground. This not only safe lives, but it helps probably surprise you, but I think it may be Africa. to create a social acceptance - these new vehicles will be eFJ: China ok, but why Africa? considered as safe. Frank: There is no extensive aerial structure in most of eFJ: What is the timeframe in which - you think - the first these countries and there are a lot of times, a very bad eVTOL services with passenger on test routes happen? road system. For example it sometimes takes two days to Frank: I´m convinced that propulsion and the necessary transport important health drugs over 50 Kilometers with technology for connecting the vehicles with each other in- cars. With drones or manned eVTOLs this can be trans- cluding the air traffic control - they will be ready in the next ported in less than one hour. In these areas autonomous five years. How fast services after that can be implement- vehicles could be operated fairly safe. ed, depends very strongly on the authorities. eFJ: Talking about autonomous. Where do you think au- eFJ: In which country do you think this first test routes tonomous transport will come first: on the road or in the will happen? air?

Siemens Power: also for the Hamilton aEro. Frank and e-Flight Award winner Martin Dvorsky 2018.

42 e Flight Journal e Personality

Frank is an enthusias- tic pilot: he not only flies the electric eFu- sion, he also owns a Suchoi Su-29 aero- batics plane.

Frank: Although the car- and IT- industry is at the moment eFJ: There is a discussion going on if this unpiloted traf- investing billions of dollars for autonomous vehicles, I fic must have the intelligence on board of the vehicles, so think the air transport could be first! that it can operate and communicate with other aircraft eFJ: Why this? independently. Or will there just be rudimentary “intelli- Frank: Just in the last days I had the chance to fly again gence” on board and the control will happen over large with an aircraft with a modern FLARM system. This sys- control-centers where the aircraft are for example con- tem, which was developed with relatively small invest- nected via a 5G network? ment, is very efficient and gives the pilot a lot of informa- Frank: I thinks the autonomous intelligence will be on tion so that they can make the right decisions. Not seeing board of the vehicles with a “FLARM like sensing sys- the vast investment in these sectors, it will still be relative- tem” where the e-vehicles operate automated with super- ly easy to integrate this information in the aircraft comput- visions of the ATC. er system, which can draw the right decisions - either to- eFJ: In the past years there have been many prognoses gether with the pilot or later autonomously. and changes - did you have to revise and change, over The big advantages for the airport: autonomous traffic in the last five years, the premises and prognoses you were the air - there are nearly no surprises. There is no dog giving? or a grandmother, just entering the street in front of the Frank: Yes I had to realize that several things did happen vehicle. much faster than I expected them. eFJ: Thank you so much for sharing your point of view for the near future in eVOLs.

Frank Anton has a PHD in physics and works at Siemens for many years. In the image he explains the Siemens SP 260 to European Commissioner for Transport Violeta Bulc at the e-flight-expo 2015.

e Flight Journal 43 Market Watch

Companies marked with the ‘e’ logo are actively involved in developing electric propulsion.

At the Uber Elevate event, Pipistrel released for the first time the design of his Air Taxi. The New Age of Aviation

In a past decade many things have changed in our ev- have become right that this technology would grow at an eryday life, internet and smart cell phones, just to name exponentially. Our editor-in-chief, Mr. Willi Tacke, today an a few, but in personal transportation, in the air, not much expert in the e-flight field, was one of the pioneers in this has happened. This was true till just few years ago, but realm. We support this movement with a creation of this currently things have dramatically changed. Electric air- category in which we list air transportation craft/devices, craft, VTOL & electric door-to door transportation were which differ from traditional rotor- and/or fixed wing air- just science-fiction stuff. This has radically changed and craft because they all start and land as VTOLs (Vertical we stopped dreaming because it’s a fact that this trans- Take-off and Landing). Most of them use electric motors portation is coming - the question is only how fast. Few and distributed propulsion, which paired with miniaturized years ago supporters of electric propulsion were in best computers and sensors give the aircraft designer almost case greeted with smiles, but those individuals, actually infinite design possibilities. Be prepared for even more, visionaries, who believed in a cleaner, greener aviation the future is around the corner.

Name of the manufacturer Name of the model Short description

Photo of the model

Full name of the manufacturer Address E-mail • Homepage eW MTOW PA BA PD engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan

«E W » (1kg = 2.20lb) blades seats (km/h) (in Litre or kWh) Empty weight «» PA « PD » « Power » « Vmax » « Vz » « Endurance » « Kit » kilograms Number of Diameter of (Hp or kW) Maximum Climb rate Max Endurance Kit price (1kg = 2.20lb) Propellers propeller speed metres per second E xcluding local and (in hours - h) national taxes kilometres per (m/s) hour (1m/s = 197ft/min) (km/h) « Plan » « BA » « mtoW » « Engine » « St » « Vc » «E S » « Price (estimate) » Plan price Number of E xcluding local and Maximum all-up Engine Number of Cruise speed Energy storage E xcluding local and weight propeller kilometres per hour national taxes national taxes kilograms

44 e Flight Journal Market Watch

A3 Vahana Airbus project Vahana started in 2016 and could become the technological breakthrough in urban air mobility. It intends to open up urban airways by developing the first certified electric, self-piloted VTOL passenger aircraft. This project is developed at A3(A-Cube), the Airbus Silicon Valley outpost. Airbus envisions that Vahana will be a cost-comparable replacement for short-range urban transportation like cars or trains. The full-composite aircraft features two sets of tilting wings with a total of 8 electric motors (two on each wing). Initially it will be able to take one person, but two passenger cabin is envisioned for 2020. The full-scale aircraft performed a maiden flight on 2. Feb. 2018.

A3 (A-Cube) Airbus 3000 Sand Hill Road - 1-120 • Menlo Park 94025 • California • USA • Phone : +1 703 889-0535 [email protected] • www.airbus-sv.com

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan - 725 8 2 - 60/45 1 - 175 ------AeroMobil AeroMobil 5.0 VTOL The Slovak company announced in 2018 the AeroMobil 5.0 VTOL konzept. The autonomously flying, electrically driven four-seater with folding wings, at the ends of which rotors are designed to allow vertical take-off and landing, while a thrust propeller in the rear provides propulsion. AeroMobil says that their 5.0 VTOL is the first and only electric VTOL device which is able to drive on the road, enabling flexible door-to-door flying-taxi service. The realization of the project is estimated to be completed, at earliest, by 2025.

AeroMobil Pripojna 5 • 821 06 Bratislava • SLOVAKIA • Phone : +421 (0)911 088 590

[email protected] • www.aeromobil.com

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan ------4 ------Airbus Group CityAirbus The Airbus CityAirbus is a multinational project by Airbus Helicopters to produce an electrically powered VTOL air-taxi aircraft demonstrator. The CityAirbus is intended to carry four passengers, with a pilot initially and to become self-piloted later. The overall system with the electrical propulsion system is being developed in Germany. The CityAirbus uses four ducted fans - in each fan two electric motors spin two independent propellers. This Ducted fan layout contribute to safety/redundancy and has low acoustic footprint. The drivetrain consists of eight 100kW (130hp) Siemens (SP200Ds) direct-drive electric motors and eight propellers. The four electric battery-packs total 110kWh (400MJ) energy storage. The multicopter should cruise at 120km/h (65kn) and have -as now- 15 minutes endurance. Maiden flight expected in 2018.

Airbus Group Innovations E-aircraft Dir. Airbus Group office • 81663 München • GERMANY • Phone : +49 (0)89 607 34913 [email protected] • www.airbusgroup.com

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan - - 8 2 - - 130/100 4 - 120 - 110 0,25 - - - AirSpaceX, ASX MOBI-ONE Airspace Experience Technologies, LLC (AirSpaceX), a subsidiary of Detroit Aircraft Corp. (DAC), presented a sub-scale model of its autonomous, electric VTOL aircraft, «MOBi-ONE,» at the 2018 North American In- ternational Auto Show in Detroit. MOBi-ONE is designed to autonomously takeoff like a helicopter, fly like an airplane, and transport passengers or cargo between urban landing sites which are 100 distant (60 miles). This is an VTOL concept where the the traditional wings fitted with 6 electric motors will rotate 90 degrees to allow VTOL. Two additional motors in the rear of fuselage allow vertical flight/control. MOBi-ONE will fly at a top speed of 250 MPH leveraging existing Electric Vehicle (EV) architecture and autonomous technologies.

AirSpaceX Coleman A. Young Municipal Airport, 11499 Conner St, • Detroit MI 48213 • USA •

http://airspacex.com/

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan - - 8 - - - - 2-4 402 241 ------Astro Astro This VTOL project emerged in 2018. Astro has a cabin as an traditional helicopter - but that are all similari- ties with this aircraft breed. The Astro uses 16 electric motors for propulsion, which are located on two booms above the cabin. The Astro is an all composite structure , uses fiber-optic for internal communication and is flown by the fly-by-wire joystick. The Astro has 20-25 minutes range and can fly on 60-70 km/h.

Flyastro 320 W MAIN ST • LEWISVILLE 75057 • Texas • USA • Phone : +1 (833) 359-8685

www.flyastro.com

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan 240 360 16 32 - - - 70 - - - 0,25 - - -

e Flight Journal 45 Market Watch

Aurora Flight Science eVTOL At the Uber Elevate Summit in April 2017, Aurora Flight Science unveiled its two-seat eVTOL air vehicle concept for Uber’s flying taxi service. Aurora Flight Science has more than 20 years of experience in developing special- purpose unmanned aerial vehicle (more than 30 unmanned aircraft developed). For this aircraft, Aurora’s design logic was to keep the architecture simple and emphasizes the cruise efficiency. For this reason, its eVTOL aircraft features eight lift propellers distributed along two booms for the vertical takeoff, while a single pusher propeller delivers the propulsion for the horizontal flight. For the cruise flight, the lift propellers will be stopped and the lift is generated by three aerodynamic surfaces, i.e. the canard, wing and tail. Even the aircraft is designed for fully autonomous flights, the two-seater can provide place for a safety pilot due to current certification constraints. The first full-scale flight tests of the aircraft are scheduled to 2020 in Dallas and Dubai. Aurora Flight Science Corporation 9950 Wakeman Drive • Manassas, Virginia 20110 • USA • Phone : +1 703 369 3633 [email protected] • http://www.aurora.aero EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan - - 8 + 1 2 - - - 2 ------Bell Helicopter, Bell Air Air Taxy Bell Air presented the Bell Air Taxy at the CES 2018 in Las Vegas. Bell didn’t bring the entire aircraft, but just the cabin non disclosing any details on the propulsion system to be used. The electric Air Taxy is actually a crossover of a helicopter and a drone. During CES attendees could experience an augmented reality simula- tor inside the cabin with a selection of consumer scenarios, cross-city, day and night flights. A year earlier Bell stated that it would work with Uber to create a network of an on-demand, electric VTOL aircraft. First flight demos expected in early 2020s and certification by mid 2020s.

Bell Helicopter,Textron Inc. P.O. Box 482 • Fort Worth, TX 76101 • USA • Phone : +1 817 280-2011, Fax : +1 817) 280-2321 [email protected] • www.bellhelicopter.com

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan ------4 ------Dufour Aerospace eAero 2 The Swiss company Dufour Aerospace announced in early 2018 the aEro 2 project. Thanks to the tilt-wing design, the hybrid VTOL aircraft should be able to take off and land vertically, but also be as fast as an airplane reaching speeds of up to 320 km / h. Fully electrically operated, the two-seater should have a range of 120 km. With the optional auxiliary combustion engine engine, then increases in hybrid configuration to 800 km.

Dufour Aerospace Seewjinenstrasse 6 • 3930 Visp • SWITZERLAND • Phone : +41 (78) 770 50 82

[email protected] • http://dufour.aero

EW mtoW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz eS endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan - - 2 - - - - 2 ------

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46 e Flight Journal Z-Park GA-Alliance

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Host of the first Chinese electric aircraft forum with high participation.

Tim Archer, the Alliance’s US representative The Alliance has set up The Alliance’s booth at and veteran general aviation expert, presented booth at EAA Airventure Beijing Aviation Expo. at the Alliance’s forum in Beijing. for two consecutive years.

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