Finds of Structural Details of Composite Bows from Ancient Rus
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Symbols of Faith Or Symbols of Status? Christian Objects in Tenth-Century Rus´ by Fedir Androshchuk
Symbols of Faith or Symbols of Status? Christian Objects in Tenth-Century Rus´ by Fedir Androshchuk To study the Christianization of Rus´ based on archaeological evidence is not something new, and such a topic has already generated a considerable amount of research.1 This paper will deliberate some of the archaeological arguments pre- sented in earlier works, and aims to explore the social and functional contexts in which Christian objects or symbols associated with Christianity circulated in Rus´ during the Viking Age and in the tenth century in particular. Generally, two classes of archeological evidence have been associated with the dissemination of Christianity in Eastern Europe: inhumation graves with west–east orientation and specific objects with clear Christian symbolism (most often, cross-shaped pendants) found in burials. These two types of evidence are considered the obvi- ous markers of the deceased person’s adherence to the Christian faith, while their absence, conversely, is taken as an indication that the buried person belonged to those still practicing heathen cults. The earliest inhumation grave in early Rus´ is Grave 11 in the Plakun cemetery in Staraia Ladoga. A man between 60–70 years old was buried in a wooden cist oriented west–east (northwest–southeast). Close to his feet lay parts of a wooden trough and a birch box. A number of corroded iron and bronze objects lay to the right of the body. Pieces of felt and fur were also recorded in the grave.2 The timber of the chamber was dendrochronologically dated to 880–900, and there are construction traits that share parallels with sites in Denmark, such as Hede- 1 A selection of recent publications includes Aleksandr P. -
Wulfstan's Voyage the Baltic Sea Region in the Early Viking Age As Seen from Shipboard
MARITIME CULTURE OF THE NORTH ° 2 Wulfstan's Voyage The Baltic Sea region in the early Viking Age as seen from shipboard Edited by Anton Englert & Athena Trakadas Roskilde 2009 Contents Foreword • 7 by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen & Friedrich Liith I. WULFSTAN'S ACCOUNT Wulfstan's voyage and his description oiEstland: the text and the language of the text • 14 by Janet Bately Who was Wulfstan? • 29 by Judith Jesch Wulfstan's account in the context of early medieval travel literature • 57 by Rudolf Simek On the reliability of Wulfstan's report • 43 by Przemysiaw Urbanczyk II. THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL BALTIC SEA REGION IN THE 9™ AND 10™ CENTURIES Ests, Slavs and Saxons: ethnic groups and political structures • 50 by Christian Lu'bke, with a note by Przemysiaw Urbanczyk Danes and Swedes in written and archaeological sources at the end of the 9th century • §8 by Wladyslaw Duczko Routes and long-distance traffic — the nodal points of Wulfstan's voyage • 72 by Soren M. Sindbak Hedeby in Wulfstan's days: a Danish emporium of the Viking Age between East and West • 79 by Volker Hilberg Wulfstan and the coast of southern Scandinavia: sailing routes from Langeland to More - • 114 by Jo ban Callmer —r— -•- - Viking-Age sailing routes of the western Baltic Sea — a matter of safety • ZJJ by Jens Ulriksen Harbours and trading centres on Bornholm, Oland and Gotland in the late 9* century • 145 by Anne Norgard Jorgensen Ports and emporia of the southern coast: from Hedeby to Usedom and Wolin • 160 by Hauke Jons The settlement of Truso • 182 by Marek F. -
Situne Dei Årsskrift För Sigtunaforskning Och Historisk Arkeologi
Situne Dei Årsskrift för Sigtunaforskning och historisk arkeologi 2018 Redaktion: Anders Söderberg Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson Anna Kjellström Magnus Källström Cecilia Ljung Johan Runer Utgiven av Sigtuna Museum SITUNE DEI 2018 Viking traces – artistic tradition of the Viking Age in applied art of pre-Mongolian Novgorod Nadezhda N. Tochilova The Novgorod archaeological collection of wooden items includes a significant amount of pieces of decorative art. Many of these were featured in the fundamental work of B.A. Kolchin Novgorod Antiquities. The Carved Wood (Kolchin 1971). This work is, perhaps, the one generalizing study capable of providing a full picture of the art of carved wood of Ancient Novgorod. Studying the archaeological collec- tions of Ancient Novgorod, one’s attention is drawn to a number of wooden (and bone) objects, the art design of which distinctly differs from the general conceptions of ancient Russian art. The most striking examples of such works of applied art will be discussed in this article. The processes of interaction between the two cultures are well researched and presented in the works of a group of Swedish archaeologists, whose work showed the complex bonds of interaction between Sweden and Russia, reflected in a number of aspects of material culture (Arbman 1960; Jansson 1996; Fransson et al (eds.) 2007; Hedenstierna- Jonson 2009). Moreover, in art history literature, a few individ- ual works of applied art refer to the context of the spread of Viking art (Roesdahl & Wilson eds 1992; Graham-Campbell 2013), but not to the interrelation, as a definite branch of Scandinavian art, in Eastern Europe. If we apply this focus to Russian historiography, then the problem of studying archaeological objects of applied art is comparatively small, and what is important to note is that all of these studies also have an archaeological direction (Kolchin 1971; Bocharov 1983). -
Paviken Research Project 2013-2016 Investigation of a Viking Age Trading and Manufacturing Site on Gotland, Sweden
Gotland Archaeological Field-school Paviken research project 2013-2016 Investigation of a Viking Age trading and manufacturing site on Gotland, Sweden Project plan Project Director Associate Professor Dan Carlsson Arendus Färjeleden 5c, 621 58 Visby Sweden. Tel. +46-498219999 www.gotland-fieldschool.com Email: [email protected] Cover picture: The head of a dress pin in the form of a dragons head. Found at Stånga, Gotland. Photo Dan Carlsson Harbours and trading in the Baltic Sea during the Viking Age - an introduction In our interpretation of prehistory we are highly influenced by the material we see in the landscape or by coincidences found during archaeological surveys, and we forget or neglect to take into account the hidden cultural landscape. This is particularly true when it comes to prehistory in Sweden. As we completely lack written sources before the 12th century (with the exception of runic inscriptions) we have to rely on archaeological field material. An example of this problem is the question of Viking Age trade and its associated port activities. Extensive Viking material from Gotland suggests that the island had a lively exchange with the surrounding regions at that time in its history. This is reflected in the existence of numerous silver hoards; no area in northern Europe has such a con- centration of silver from the Viking Age as Gotland. There are clear signs of an extensive and lively Staraya Sigtuna trade and exchange (or piracy, as Ladoga Birka some would argue), which in turn Kaupang required docking points, ports -
The Conversion of Scandinavia James E
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research Spring 1978 The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia James E. Cumbie Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Recommended Citation Cumbie, James E., "The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia" (1978). Honors Theses. Paper 443. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES 11111 !ill iii ii! 1111! !! !I!!! I Ill I!II I II 111111 Iii !Iii ii JIJ JIJlllJI 3 3082 01028 5178 .;a:-'.les S. Ci;.r:;'bie ......:~l· "'+ori·.:::> u - '-' _.I".l92'" ..... :.cir. Rillin_: Dr. ~'rle Dr. :._;fic:crhill .~. pril lJ, 197f' - AUTHOR'S NOTE The transliteration of proper names from Old Horse into English appears to be a rather haphazard affair; th€ ~odern writer can suit his fancy 'Si th an~r number of spellings. I have spelled narr.es in ':1ha tever way struck me as appropriate, striving only for inte:::-nal consistency. I. ____ ------ -- The advent of a new religious faith is always a valuable I historical tool. Shifts in religion uncover interesting as- pects of the societies involved. This is particularly true when an indigenous, national faith is supplanted by an alien one externally introduced. Such is the case in medieval Scandinavia, when Norse paganism was ousted by Latin Christ- ianity. -
Viking-Age Sailing Routes of the Western Baltic Sea – a Matter of Safety1 by Jens Ulriksen
Viking-Age sailing routes of the western Baltic Sea – a matter of safety1 by Jens Ulriksen Included in the Old English Orosius, com- weather conditions, currents, shifting sand piled at the court of King Alfred the Great of bars on the sea fl oor and coastal morphol- Wessex around 890,2 are the descriptions of ogy. Being able to cope with the elements of two diff erent late 9th-century Scandinavian nature is important for a safe journey, but sailing routes. Th ese originate from Ohthere, equally important – not least when travelling who sailed from his home in Hålogaland in like Ohthere – is a guarantee of safety for northern Norway to Hedeby, and Wulfstan, ship and crew when coming ashore. Callmer probably an Englishman,3 who travelled suggests convoying as a form of self-protec- from Hedeby to Truso. Th e descriptions are tion, but at the end of the day it would be not detailed to any degree concerning way- vital to negotiate a safe passage with “supra- points or anchorages, and in spite of the fact regional or regional lords”.7 Th ey controlled that lands passed are mentioned in both ac- the landing sites that punctuate Callmer’s counts, the information provided is some- route as stepping-stones. times unclear or confusing. For example, In consequence of the latter, Callmer departing from Hålogaland, Ohthere refers focuses on settlement patterns in order to to both Ireland and England on his starboard identify political and military centres – cen- side even though he obviously has been un- tres with lords who controlled certain areas able to glimpse these lands when sailing of land (and sea) and were able to guaran- along the Norwegian coast.4 Th e same pecu- tee safety within their ‘jurisdiction’. -
Námořní Obchod Ve Středomoří
NÁMOŘNÍ OBCHOD PODÉL ATLANTICKÉHO POBŘEŽÍ A VE VNITROZEMÍ EVROPY Petra Maříková Vlčková AEB_37 Dálkový obchod raně středověké Evropy 29.11.2015 ADMINISTRATIVA Dnes: náhrada 2. hodiny, tato učebna, po standardní výuce Doplňky k předchozí přednášce – historické dálkové trasy: IS, tento předmět Historické reálie pro dnešní přednášku: tamtéž DÁLKOVÝ OBCHOD PODÉL ATLANTICKÉHO POBŘEŽÍ EVROPY Za Gibraltar: od 5. až do počátku 8. st. poměrně často Alexandrijská loď plující do Anglie a navrátivší se s nákladem cínu – možná reálný základ Trasa: podél galicijského a kantabrijského pobřeží Během cest – návštěva hrobu sv. Martina z Tour Z pobřeží Evropy – od počátku 7. st.: rapidní změna politických a ekonomických poměrů – Merovejci ovládající Neustrii a Austrasii – zakládají na pobřeží emporia: Neustrie (Bretaň – řeka Šelda): Quentovic Austrie (Porýní): Dorestad. SPECIFIKA ATLANTICKÉHO OBCHODU Lodě bez dostatečně pevných stožárů s plachtovím = lidská síla a vesla Početnější posádky – až 250 osob Obchodníci: převážně Frísové – napojení na tzv. severní oblouk Výraznější propojení námořního obchodu a vnitrozemského pohybu zboží a lidí: stratifikace obchodních středisek Fríský obchod směrem na S: kolem Jutského poloostrova (zkrácení přes Jutskou šíji a řeku Treene) – od 9. stol. - Hedeby EMPORIA Anglie, 5.-6.st: hierarchizovaná sídliště; domácí produkce; omezený okruh směny Konec 6.-7.st: EMPORIA TYP A: obchodní místa periodicky využívána, paláce, kostely, stratifikovaná pohřebiště = doklady vzniku nového společenského uspořádání. Změna v řemeslnické produkci a jejím pohybu – včetně luxusních předmětů. Ipswich Konec 7.st: EMPORIA TYP B: proměna v centrum městského charakteru. Pravidelná uliční síť (jedna hlavní). Domy orientované delší stranou do ulice, přístřešky pro zemědělskou produkci Hamwic R. Hodges 1982: Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Town and Trade. -
Three Hundred Years of European Integration and Relations Between Churches in St
THREE HUNDRED YEARS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND RELATIONS BETWEEN CHURCHES IN ST. PETERSBURG Archpriest V. Fedorov Three hundred years of St. Petersburg is not an especially long period in the history of Christianity, whereas it spans almost a third of Russia’s Christian history. The Jubilee encourages us to look deeper into what now is within the realm of history. St. Petersburg had its prehistory. Our city was founded 128 km to the West from the rst capital of Northern Russia—Ladoga,1 which was for the rst time mentioned in the eighth century. In the ninth and tenth centuries it was one of the political centres of the Medieval Russian state. The town of Staraya Ladoga, which a month ago was celebrating its 1250th anniversary, grew from a fortress on the famous route “from the Varangians to the Greeks.” Archaeologists say that it was here that Slavonic and Finnic tribes rst met Scandinavians and other Europeans. They were craftsmen, war- riors, and merchants. “Slavonic Ladoga may be called a cosmopolitan town, a town of international culture, a town where there were not any serious con icts generated by ethnic prejudices.”2 Later, Orthodox Christianity was preached here by Novgorodian missionaries, who were backed by secular authorities. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Russians were beating back the incursions of Swedes and the Livonian Order. Historians believe that in the fteenth and sixteenth centuries there were 35 churches and about twenty mon- asteries and convents around Ladoga, Oreshek, Koporye, and Yam- gorod. In 1610, the Swedes took Ladoga and Veliky Novgorod. -
“Omega” Brooches – by Ásfríðr Úlfvíðardóttir
The Mysterious “Omega” Brooches – By Ásfríðr Úlfvíðardóttir The Mysterious “Omega” Brooches By Ásfríðr Úlfvíðardóttir Note: This document is based on two brief articles originally written for the newsletter of the Slavic Interest Group, Slovo (http://slavic.freeservers.com), issues 60 and 63. Last edited 27th May, 2012. By and large, we re-enactors love novelty. It is a constant battle to balance the desire for individuality, with the risks of making the uncommon archaeological find, common in our depictions of the past. So, when a new style of brooch began to regularly appear a few years ago on antique sites and ebay, as well as reproductions for medievalists to wear (Raymond's Quiet Press, 2008), it caused a sensation. Here were some very striking penannular brooches, commonly called “omega brooches” with wide, flattened terminals and, sometimes, silver accents on their copper-alloy base. They may also have loops along the sides of the terminals, where beads or cowrie shells are attached. Another variant has beads or shells threaded onto wire that is wrapped around the looped head of the brooch. The plainest style, seen on antique sites, is a simple length of wire that has been crudely shaped with the tips of the wire flattened. Many of the sellers of these brooches said they are from Staraya Ladoga, and date to the Viking Age. Reproductions on websites catering to re-enactors that imply they were used to fasten that characteristically Norse garment, the “apron dress” (e.g., Raymond’s Quiet Press, 2010; Sulik, 2011; Historiska Fynd, 2011). Was this really a lightweight alternative to the large, relatively heavy bossed, oval brooches (and animal head brooches) of the Norsewoman, that would not only hold your clothes together, but clearly signal your tastes in Eastern fashion? The first issue is from where these brooches originate, and the second is from what time period they originate. -
Russian Byliny As Discursive Space
Putting Words in Their Mouths: Russian Byliny as 83 Discursive Space Putting Words in Their Mouths: Russian Byliny as Discursive Space Kate Christine Moore Koppy Marymount University and the University of the District of Columbia Community College Arlington, Virginia, United States of America Abstract This article follows the Melnitsa Animation Studio into the imagined medieval space of their bogatyr films. With particular focus on Melnitsa’s use of the Il’ia Muromets corpus in Илья Муромец и Соловей Разбойник [Il’ia and the Robber], we consider the complex set of conflicts among characters and ideas that reflect concepts of identity and social issues in contemporary Russia. In moments of cultural unrest, adaptations of canonical stories serve as a discursive space for the community to redefine itself. In the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries, the byliny [western Slavic heroic epics] have functioned as tools of cultural cohesion at critical moments of national self-redefinition. Most recently, the Студия анимационного кино Мельница [Melnitsa Animation Studio] (1) has adapted the byliny into animated films for children, in which stories of medieval princes, heroes, and villains become a discursive space for the exploration of social issues in the post-Soviet Russian Federation. Melnitsa’s 2007 film Il’ia and the Robber is the most recent example in a steady stream of adaptation and retelling of byliny from the time they were first printed to the present. Along that timeline, there are three moments in which adaptations flourish, and each of these coincides with a crucial moment of redefinition of Russian culture. The nineteenth century recording of these heroic epics, which adapts them from dynamic oral epics to written texts (2), was part of the wave of romantic nationalism that drove scholars across Europe to gather folkloric material as the feudal city-states of the medieval period coalesced into more stable nations. -
Creating Holy People and Places on the Periphery
Creating Holy People and People Places Holy on theCreating Periphery Creating Holy People and Places on the Periphery A Study of the Emergence of Cults of Native Saints in the Ecclesiastical Provinces of Lund and Uppsala from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Centuries During the medieval period, the introduction of a new belief system brought profound societal change to Scandinavia. One of the elements of this new religion was the cult of saints. This thesis examines the emergence of new cults of saints native to the region that became the ecclesiastical provinces of Lund and Uppsala in the twelfth century. The study examines theearliest, extant evidence for these cults, in particular that found in liturgical fragments. By analyzing and then comparing the relationship that each native saint’s cult had to the Christianization, the study reveals a mutually beneficial bond between these cults and a newly emerging Christian society. Sara E. EllisSara Nilsson Sara E. Ellis Nilsson Dissertation from the Department of Historical Studies ISBN 978-91-628-9274-6 Creating Holy People and Places on the Periphery Dissertation from the Department of Historical Studies Creating Holy People and Places on the Periphery A Study of the Emergence of Cults of Native Saints in the Ecclesiastical Provinces of Lund and Uppsala from the Eleventh to the Th irteenth Centuries Sara E. Ellis Nilsson med en svensk sammanfattning Avhandling för fi losofi e doktorsexamen i historia Göteborgs universitet, den 20 februari 2015 Institutionen för historiska studier (Department of Historical Studies) ISBN: 978-91-628-9274-6 ISBN: 978-91-628-9275-3 (e-publikation) Distribution: Sara Ellis Nilsson, [email protected] © Sara E. -
Population Genomics of the Viking World
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/703405; this version posted July 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Population genomics of the Viking world 2 3 Ashot Margaryan1,2,3*, Daniel Lawson4*, Martin Sikora1*, Fernando Racimo1*, Simon Rasmussen5, Ida 4 Moltke6, Lara Cassidy7, Emil Jørsboe6, Andrés Ingason1,58,59, Mikkel Pedersen1, Thorfinn 5 Korneliussen1, Helene Wilhelmson8,9, Magdalena Buś10, Peter de Barros Damgaard1, Rui 6 Martiniano11, Gabriel Renaud1, Claude Bhérer12, J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar1,13, Anna Fotakis3, Marie 7 Allen10, Martyna Molak14, Enrico Cappellini3, Gabriele Scorrano3, Alexandra Buzhilova15, Allison 8 Fox16, Anders Albrechtsen6, Berit Schütz17, Birgitte Skar18, Caroline Arcini19, Ceri Falys20, Charlotte 9 Hedenstierna Jonson21, Dariusz Błaszczyk22, Denis Pezhemsky15, Gordon Turner-Walker23, Hildur 10 Gestsdóttir24, Inge Lundstrøm3, Ingrid Gustin8, Ingrid Mainland25, Inna Potekhina26, Italo Muntoni27, 11 Jade Cheng1, Jesper Stenderup1, Jilong Ma1, Julie Gibson25, Jüri Peets28, Jörgen Gustafsson29, Katrine 12 Iversen5,64, Linzi Simpson30, Lisa Strand18, Louise Loe31,32, Maeve Sikora33, Marek Florek34, Maria 13 Vretemark35, Mark Redknap36, Monika Bajka37, Tamara Pushkina15, Morten Søvsø38, Natalia 14 Grigoreva39, Tom Christensen40, Ole Kastholm41, Otto Uldum42, Pasquale Favia43, Per Holck44, Raili