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Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan
Chapter 2 Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan Geographical Background There is a great debate regarding from where the name of „Bhutan‟ appears. In old Tibetan chronicles Bhutan was called Mon-Yul (Land of the Mon). Another theory explaining the origin of the name „Bhutan‟ is derived from Sanskrit „Bhotanta‟ where Tibet was referred to as „Bhota‟ and „anta‟ means end i. e. the geographical area at the end of Tibet.1 Another possible explanation again derived from Sanskrit could be Bhu-uttan standing for highland, which of course it is.2 Some scholars think that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from Bhota (Bod) which means Tibet and „tan‟, a corruption of stan as found in Indo-Persian names such as „Hindustan‟, „Baluchistan‟ and „Afganistan‟etc.3 Another explanation is that “It seems quite likely that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from the word „Bhotanam‟(Desah iti Sesah) i.e., the land of the Bhotas much the same way as the name „Iran‟ came from „Aryanam‟(Desah), Rajputana came from „Rajputanam‟, and „Gandoana‟ came from „Gandakanam‟. Thus literally „Bhutan‟ means the land of the „Bhotas‟-people speaking a Tibetan dialect.”4 But according to Bhutanese scholars like Lopen Nado and Lopen Pemala, Bhutan is called Lho Mon or land of the south i.e. south of Tibet.5 However, the Bhutanese themselves prefer to use the term Drukyul- the land of Thunder Dragon, a name originating from the word Druk meaning „thunder dragon‟, which in turn is derived from Drukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. Bhutan presents a striking example of how the geographical setting of a country influences social, economic and political life of the people. -
English Newsletter Volume IV Issue I
“SecuringSaZhi the priceless land for prosperity and happiness ” National Land Commission’s quarterly newsletter January–March, 2017 Vol. IV, Issue I Inside this Issue New Secretary joins Office of the International Citizen Portal for urban Pg. 2 Boundaries land and property trans- actions Mr. Lethro Tobden Tangbi Taking Land Services to Pg. 3 joined as the new Secretary for the grassroot level International Boundary Office, th Bhutan Land Dashboard Pg. 5 on 15 February, 2017. Well- to be developed wishers, friends and family members gathered to offer Empowering NLCS fe- Pg. 9 male employees khadhar during Tendrel ceremo- ny. Overall concept & advisor: He served in the Office of the Pema Chewang, Secretary His Majesty’s Secretariat of the New IB Secretary Lethro Tobden Tangbi Fourth Druk Gyalpo prior to the Editorial Team present post. He first joined the He holds Masters in Public Ad- civil service in the Ministry of ministration from International Gonpo Tenzin- Chief, PPD Home & Cultural Affairs in 1989. Institute of Public Administration During 28 years of service he Gungsang Wangdi- PPD (IIPA) in Paris, France. served in various capacities. Dorji Wangchuk, LMD New Lagthrams Issued Thromde along with copies of Chazhag thrams to Dzongrab Nima Gyeltshen on 18th January, 2017. There are 464 thramhold- ers under Bajo Throm including 22 government institutions. The new lagthrams contain not only land details of the landown- er but also respective cadastral maps with coordinates. The landowners will have to pay a minimal fee of Nu.200 for urban The Director handing over New Lagthrams to Wangdue Dzongrab Lagthram. The Director for Department of ment Mr. -
The Next Generation Bhutan Foundation Annual Report 2016
The Next Generation Bhutan Foundation Annual Report 2016 Our nation’s vision can only be fulfilled if the scope of our dreams and aspirations are matched by the reality of our commitment to nurturing our future citizens. —His Majesty the King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Table of Contents 4 A time to invest in the Future: Letters from our Co-Chairs and President 8 Youth citizen scientists research how environment responds to climate change 10 Tiger, tiger, burning bright! 13 How solving a community problem can protect snow leopards 15 Bhutan’s history, my history: A student explains the importance of cultural heritage 16 Teaching the next generation of health-care workers 18 Young medical professionals take health care to mountains, glaciers, and beyond 21 Specialized training means better services for children with disabilities 23 How simple agricultural innovation can provide hope 24 How the young and old bring a community back to life 26 Civil society organizations play important role in youth participation 29 Our Partners 30 Bhutan Foundation Grants Fiscal Year 2016 34 Financial Overview 36 Ways to Give 38 Our Team Table of Contents 4 A time to invest in the Future: Letters from our Co-Chairs and President 8 Youth citizen scientists research how environment responds to climate change 10 Tiger, tiger, burning bright! 13 How solving a community problem can protect snow leopards 15 Bhutan’s history, my history: A student explains the importance of cultural heritage 16 Teaching the next generation of health-care workers 18 Young medical professionals take health care to mountains, glaciers, and beyond 21 Specialized training means better services for children with disabilities 23 How simple agricultural innovation can provide hope 24 How the young and old bring a community back to life 26 Civil society organizations play important role in youth participation 29 Our Partners 30 Bhutan Foundation Grants Fiscal Year 2016 34 Financial Overview 36 Ways to Give 38 Our Team A Time to Invest . -
COINAGE in BHUTAN Nicholas Rhodes
COINAGE IN BHUTAN Nicholas Rhodes'" Introduction In Thimphu, and elsewhere in Western Bhutan, it is still possible to find many examples of the old copper coins, known as Matam, Chetam and Zangtam. Old silver coins can also be found, although less frequently. Very little, however, has been written about the background to these coins - who made them, where and when, and how they were used. The purpose of this article is to set out what I know about these old Bhutanese coins, not only to present the information more widely, but also in the hope that there will be people in Bhutan who will be encouraged to provide additional evidence from oral tradition, written records, or from any other sources. Elderly people may still be alive who remember such coins being struck, but unless their memories are recorded soon, the information will be lost forever. Before the 1950s, there were no urban communities in Bhutan, and coins only played a small part in the economy of the country, serving mainly as a store of value, and as ceremonial gifts or donations. Silver coins, usually foreign coins, also served as the raw material from which jewellery and "pan" boxes were made. Day to day life mainly involved subsistence farming, supplemented by barter. Taxes were paid either in kind or in services, and land rent was paid as a share of the produce, again in kind. Some insight into how coins were used in the old days can be obtained from Karma Ura's books, The Hero with a Thousand Nicholas Rhodes holds an MA in mathematics from Trinity College, Cambridge. -
Downloads/Press/ N2129/Html/Ch02.Xhtml?Referer=2129&Page=8
DESIGNING DEVOTION: THE VISUAL MECHANISMS USED TO BUILD A PERSONALITY CULT RUEHL MULLER 211167797 Supervisor: Bruce Cadle Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for Degree Master of Technology Graphic Design November 2017 i Declaration I, Ruehl Muller, hereby declare that this dissertation is my own work and that it has not been submitted for assessment or completion of any postgraduate qualification to another university, or for any other qualification. Ruehl Muller November 2017 i Abstract This study develops a model that aims to prove that, regardless of socio- political system, where a cult of personality exists, the mechanisms that are used to construct it and to maintain it, from a visual communication perspective, exhibit a methodological sameness. Drawing on Collins’ (2004) theory of emotional energy and interaction rituals, and Márquez’s (2013; 2017) application of said theory as an explanation of the personality cult phenomenon, the model seeks to identify, with regard to affective- emotional constructions, what is required from leader-based foci to initiate this process. To achieve this, artefacts (visual representations) of Kim Jong- il, Ayatollah Khomeini, King Mswati III, and Saparmurat Niyazov and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow were collated from within North Korea, Iran, Swaziland and Turkmenistan respectively. Analyses of both the design and semiotic components of the artefacts were conducted and the findings used to develop the model. The model was tested through four unique case studies of personality cults not affiliated with its construction. Keywords: personality cults, social design, political design, social and political agency, propaganda, affective sciences, visual communication, Kim Jong-il, King Mswati III, Ayatollah Khomeini, Saparmurat Niyazov and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. -
2Nd Parliament of Bhutan 7Th Session
2ND PARLIAMENT OF BHUTAN 7TH SESSION Resolution No. 7 PROCEEDINGS AND RESOLUTION OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF BHUTAN (MAY 26 - JULY 7, 2016) Speaker: Jigme Zangpo Table of Content 1 Opening Ceremony……………………..........................................1 2. Resolution on the 23 Disputed Clauses of Jabmi (Amendment) Act of Bhutan 2014 between the National Assembly and the National Council................................................3 3 Resolution of the Joint Sitting on the 12 disputed Clauses of the Companies Bill of Bhutan, 2014 between the National Assembly and National Council…………...6 4 Joint Sitting Resolution on the Re-deliberation of Paro DzongkhagThromde………………………….…………..……….8 5 Resolution on the National Budget Report for the Financial Year 2016-2017………………..........……….………...16 6 Resolution on the Motion to withdraw the Income Tax (Amendment) Bill 2016…………………………….............…...25 7 Resolution on the Report of the Women, Children and Youth Committee (WCYC)………………………....…………....27 8 Question Hour: Group A- Questions asked to the Prime Minister, Minister for Information and Communication and Minister for Home and Cultural Affairs…….................…….31 9 Resolution on the Third Reading of the Customs Bill of Bhutan 2015…...............................................................................33 10 Question Hour: Group B- Questions asked to the Minister for Agriculture and Forests and Minister for Eduction………......34 11 Resolution on the Anti-Corruption Commission’s Annual Report 2015...................................................................................35 -
Speech of the Hon. Speaker Jigme Zangpo at the Opening Ceremony of the Seventh Session of the Second Parliament of Bhutan
Speech of the Hon. Speaker Jigme Zangpo at the Opening Ceremony of the Seventh Session of the Second Parliament of Bhutan 1. Today, on behalf of the Members of Parliament and on my own behalf, I would like to welcome and express gratitude to Your Majesty for gracing the Opening Ceremony of the Seventh Session of the Second Parliament. I would also like to welcome Her Majesty the Gyaltsuen, Members of the Royal Family, representatives from the monastic body, senior Government officials, Armed Force personnel, diplomats and the public to the ceremony. 2. As everyone is aware, this year is indeed an extraordinary and a historic one for Bhutan and the Bhutanese people. As the saying goes, “Heaven holds the trinity of the sun, moon and the stars while earth holds the trinity of the King, Ministers and the People.” Today in Bhutan, there is peace in the country with great unity among the people, government and the gracious presence of Their Majesties. Moreover, I would like to submit that it is truly unprecedented in the history of Bhutan to witness and serve under the dynamic leadership of His Majesty the King, His Majesty the Fourth Druk Gyalpo and the Gyalsey Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck in a single period. The Bhutanese people cannot be more prosperous than today. 3. I would like to submit here that it is remarkable to witness Her Majesty the Grandmother Kezang Choedon Wangchuck, Her Majesty Queen Mothers Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck, Tshering Pem Wangchuck, Tshering Yangdon Wangchuck and Sangay Choden Wangchuck, and Her Majesty the Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Wangchuck for having carried out royal aspirations Page 1 of 5 of His Majesty under their patronage for the welfare of the Country and the people which remain an extraordinary symbols. -
The Fascinating Life of Lama Changchub Tsöngrü (1817- ∗ 1856) According to His Biography
THE FASCINATING LIFE OF LAMA CHANGCHUB TSÖNGRÜ (1817- ∗ 1856) ACCORDING TO HIS BIOGRAPHY FRANCOISE POMMARET hangchub Tsöngrü (Byang chub brtson grus) is known in Bhutan to have been the lama of the Trongsa Penlop Jigme Namgyal (1825- C1881), to have given a prophecy about his ascension to power and to have invented the "Jarog dong cen" (bya rog gdong can) headgear to protect him.1 I therefore assumed– wrongly– that Changchub Tsöngrü came from Tibet to Bhutan at the invitation of Jigme Namgyal, became his lama and died in Trongsa. In fact, his biography relates how he was associated with Bhutan at a young age and spent most of his life travelling between Tibet and Bhutan, and especially between Lhodrak and Bumthang. While reading Changchub Tsöngrü’s biography, one marvels constantly at his incredible activity and what he achieved in such a short span of time. He was a free spirit, travelling almost incessantly, interested in teachings from different religious schools, and detached from material possessions. He also appears to have been a powerful– and much sought after– lama, able to subdue two categories of spirits, the lu (klu) and the gyelpo (rgyal po). The importance of this Tibetan lama in the political and religious life of Bhutan in the mid-19th century cannot be underestimated. This paper will present the socio-religious background of the lama and will concentrate on his activities in Bhutan, as presented in his biography. The intent, here, is not to give a complete picture of the life of this fascinating figure but to present some events from his biography. -
Royal Family Tree of Bhutan
The Royal Family Tree of Bhutan Yum Tima Yab Rigzin Pema Yum Bumdren alias Sithar M Lingpa (1450-1521) M Peling Say Khedrup Wangmo, Peling Say Drakpa Drakpa Kunchog Gyalsay Dawa Gyeltshen Kinga Wangchuck / M Descendant of Ache Ugyen Gyelpo Gyelpo Zangpo Sangdag Wangpo (b. 1505) Guru Choewang Choje Ngawang Tsheten Gyelmo Karma Leyzom, Descendant Choje Kuenga Phogla alias M of Guru Choewang Wangchen Gyeltshen Sanga Dungkar Choje Paro Penlop M Tamzhing Choeje Jakar Dung Khic'og Zam Galay Bac'og Choje Drekha Choje Langkha M Nim Dorji Wangzom Penlop Ugyen Phuntsho Rinchen Pemo Chogley Yeshey Zimpon Ngodrup (5th Speech Choenzo Zam Pila Gonpo Dungkar Sangay M Pala Gyeltshen Drega C'anglong Gompa Incarnation ) Wangyal M Sonam Pemo 3rd Wife Khelma Dzongpon Sharpa Kitshelpa Dorji Gangzur Zhelngo Yum Pema Dungkar Tshering Lhundzongpa Desi Jigme Yum Pema Sangay 8th Sungtrul Jakar Penlop Jakar Dung Paro Tsentop M Dungkar Jigme 2nd Wife from M M Chukpo alias M M Nob Gyeltshen M Phenkem Penchung Namgyel Tshewang Choki's Sister, M Dolma of Khuay Dorji Namgyel Choki Lhamo Tenpai Nyima Pema Tenzin Ngedup Pemo Tashigang Thinley Pem Gyeltshen Lhuntse Jang Tshewang Jemo M Kesang Doma Sangay Lhamo Tangbi Naktshang Dzongpon , Ugyen M 1st Wife, Ney Chukpo Zamo Kuenga 5th Sersang Lam Maharaja Thimphu Dungkar Ashi Trongsa Dronyer Lhuntse Zimpon Zhemgang 2nd HM Queen, Sonam Tenzin Wangdicholing Ashi Ngodrup Gongzim Kazi Zhongar Namgyel Ugyen HM Ugyen Jakar Nyerchen Penlop Thinley Jakar Dzongpon 1st HM Queen Tashigang Gyeltshen alias M Gyeltshen Dorji Thuptop Dzongpon -
The Call Articles
The Call Stories of Yesteryears Centre for Educational Research and Development December 2002 The Call Stories of Yesteryears A Publication of the Centre for Educational Research and Development Department of Education Rinpung, NIE, Paro. Telefax No. 00975 8 272 011 E-mail address: [email protected] December 2002 @ Centre for Educational Research and Development. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form without permission from the CERD. ISBN: 99936-19-02-7 The views and reflections documented in The Call are those of the authors. The printing of The Call has been supported by the Canadian Cooperation Office, Thimphu, Bhutan. Printed at: KUENSEL Corporation Press, Thimphu, Bhutan. 2 ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION THIMPHU BHUTAN Foreword The progress of the Kingdom of Bhutan has been a dream surpassing itself. The will of man matched the warrant of history. The cloistered and sheltered valleys and hamlets awoke to the call of the moment. The doors opened. We embraced the brotherhood of nations. The land of the peaceful dragon has moved on… It has been a most exciting journey – at once baffling, at once beckoning. The inexorable logic development has not thrown us adrift though. Thanks to the wisdom of our forefathers and the vision of our enlightened leaders, we have sailed along keeping our souls largely intact while at the same time reaping the fruits of the endeavors of the wider community of mankind. From the simple complements of an agrarian society soaked in the values of religion, we have stepped on the threshold of the digital age. -
Information As of 4 September 2020 Has Been Used in Preparation of This Directory
Information as of 4 September 2020 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Rev. Reverend Sec. Secretary VAdm. Vice Admiral VMar. Vice Marshal Afghanistan Last Updated: 24 Jun 2019 Pres. Ashraf GHANI CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH, Dr. First Vice Pres. Abdul Rashid DOSTAM Second Vice Pres. Sarwar DANESH First Deputy CEO Khyal Mohammad KHAN Min. of Agriculture, Irrigation, & Livestock Nasir Ahmad DURRANI Min. of Border & Tribal Affairs Gul Agha SHERZAI Min. of Commerce & Industry Ajmal AHMADY (Acting) Min. of Counternarcotics Salamat AZIMI Min. of Defense Asadullah KHALID (Acting) Min. of Economy Mohammad Mustafa MASTOOR Min. of Education Mohammad Mirwais BALKHI (Acting) Min. of Energy & Water Tahir SHARAN (Acting) Min. of Finance Mohammad Humayun QAYOUMI (Acting) Min. of Foreign Affairs Salahuddin RABBANI Min. of Hajj & Islamic Affairs Faiz Mohammad OSMANI Min. of Higher Education Abdul Tawab BALAKARZAI (Acting) Min. of Information & Culture Hasina SAFI (Acting) Min. of Interior Mohammad Masood ANDARABI (Acting) Min. of Justice Abdul Basir ANWAR Min. of Martyred, Disabled, Labor, & Social Affairs Sayed Anwar SADAT (Acting) Min. of Mines & Petroleum Nargis NEHAN (Acting) Min. of Parliamentary Affairs Faruq WARDAK Min. -
Coinage in Bhutan
COINAGE IN BHUTAN Nicholas Rhodes* Introduction In Thimphu, and elsewhere in Western Bhutan, it is still possible to find many examples of the old copper coins, known as Matam, Chetam and Zangtam. Old silver coins can also be found, although less frequently. Very little, however, has been written about the background to these coins - who made them, where and when, and how they were used. The purpose of this article is to set out what I know about these old Bhutanese coins, not only to present the information more widely, but also in the hope that there will be people in Bhutan who will be encouraged to provide additional evidence from oral tradition, written records, or from any other sources. Elderly people may still be alive who remember such coins being struck, but unless their memories are recorded soon, the information will be lost forever. Before the 1950's, there were no urban communities in Bhutan, and coins only played a small part in the economy of the country, serving mainly as a store of value, and as ceremonial gifts or donations. Silver coins, usually foreign coins, also served as the raw material from which jewellery and “pan” boxes were made. Day to day life mainly involved subsistence farming, supplemented by barter. Taxes were paid either in kind or in services, and land rent was paid as a share of the produce, again in kind. Some insight into how coins were used in the old days can be obtained from Karma Ura's books, The Hero with a Thousand * Nicholas Rhodes holds an MA in mathematics from Trinity College, Cambridge.