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The Call Articles The Call Stories of Yesteryears Centre for Educational Research and Development December 2002 The Call Stories of Yesteryears A Publication of the Centre for Educational Research and Development Department of Education Rinpung, NIE, Paro. Telefax No. 00975 8 272 011 E-mail address: [email protected] December 2002 @ Centre for Educational Research and Development. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form without permission from the CERD. ISBN: 99936-19-02-7 The views and reflections documented in The Call are those of the authors. The printing of The Call has been supported by the Canadian Cooperation Office, Thimphu, Bhutan. Printed at: KUENSEL Corporation Press, Thimphu, Bhutan. 2 ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION THIMPHU BHUTAN Foreword The progress of the Kingdom of Bhutan has been a dream surpassing itself. The will of man matched the warrant of history. The cloistered and sheltered valleys and hamlets awoke to the call of the moment. The doors opened. We embraced the brotherhood of nations. The land of the peaceful dragon has moved on… It has been a most exciting journey – at once baffling, at once beckoning. The inexorable logic development has not thrown us adrift though. Thanks to the wisdom of our forefathers and the vision of our enlightened leaders, we have sailed along keeping our souls largely intact while at the same time reaping the fruits of the endeavors of the wider community of mankind. From the simple complements of an agrarian society soaked in the values of religion, we have stepped on the threshold of the digital age. The history of the evolution of our education system has followed the pattern of the development of our country. From the humble beginnings of a handful of monastic institutions, through a couple of schools and a few hundred students, to an enviable system of modern education covering the length and breadth of the country, we have made impressive progress within a span of a about four decades. And, we are poised to start the National University of Bhutan in the coming year. During my many travels to the remote parts of our country however, I still meet many of our fellow-citizens having to work very hard to eke out a living. I still come across many of our teachers and students making do with the barest minimum facilities and working against many odds. These have been deeply humbling experiences for me. We can only imagine how difficult life must have been to our first cohort of innocent village children having to hide from government officials who came to register them for school, having to leave home, putting up make-shift camps, and entering the world of the unknown. But the brave men and women forged on. That generation of those school-fearing, timid little children of inexperienced, indulgent farming parents are today our prized senior government officials, making invaluable contributions to the growth and development of our country. Through sun and rain, hunger and thirst, innocence and experience, they taught us what it is to be educated, the value of hard-work, the fruit of sacrifice. They listened to the call. And made all the difference. The Stories of Yesteryears are twice-told tales. In the text of the personal narratives of our education’s pioneers, we discover the sub-text of the history of our education. The Call will be an invaluable record of our experiences and form a basis for future educational historians and researchers. I commend the Centre for Educational Research and Development for the good work and urge it to continue giving us opportunities for reflection and appreciation. Tashi Delek. 3 (Sangay Ngedup) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the beginning was the call. And then it happened. It was hard. It was slow. Often tending to impossible. But it happened all-right. And that was the important thing. The royal wish for an educated Bhutan was to begin the transformation of a society. And so it has been. I would like to record my deep homage to the prophetic souls who gave the call and to all the enlightened leaders and mentors who have nurtured our education system. I would like to pay my humble tribute to our contributors to The Call for sparing their very precious time to record the experiences as they lived them. The individuals who followed the call are extremely busy people with tremendous responsibilities. However, they have been very kind with their time and mind to travel back to the childhood of our education system to leave behind for future generations a record of a most important symbol of our national development. All these in the face of crucial commitments commanding priority. I can never thank them enough for bearing with my constant pestering and presumptuousness. But The Call is your gift to future generations of scholars and historians. I offer my deep gratitude to our honourable Minister, Loynpo Sangay Ngedup, for the inspiration and support that His Excellency has always been kind to give me. I am grateful to our Secretary, and our Director General for their guidance and encouragement. Dr Jagar Dorji, Director, NIE, Paro, and Dr Phub Rinchen, Joint Director, CAPSD, have been very helpful and I express my gratitude to them. I am very grateful to the Director of NIE, Samtse, for permission to use materials from the alumni profiles of published by the Institute. Mr. Nima Tshering, Coordinator, Resource Centre Unit, CAPSD, wove my dream into a wonderful work of art that is the cover to The Call. I am very grateful to him and Tashi for their support. I would like to offer my deepest gratitude to all the dignitaries and contributors who made The Call possible. May our future generations of Bhutanese scholars derive inspiration in their search for sweetness and light. Thakur Singh Powdyel Director. 4 Contents Foreword Acknowledgement 1. How it all Began …….............................................................................................................. - William Mackey 2. The Journey ………………………………………………………………………………….. - Jigme Zangpo 3. First Day in Tongsa ………………………………………………………………………….. - G B Kurup 4. My School Days ……………………………………………………………………………. - Gagey Lhamu 5. Thirty Two Years Ago …………………………………………………………………….... - M Prasad 6. Reflections of an Educator ………………………………………………………………….. - Zanggley Dukpa 7. Tangsibi and Beyond .............................................................................................................. - Jagar Dorji 8. The Long March ……………………………………………………………………………. - H B Vishwa 9. Glimpses of a Life …………………………………………………………………………. - Phub Rinchen 10. Down Memory Lane ………………………………………………………………………. - Dorji Tshering 11. Recollections and Reflections ………………………………………………………….. - N B Gazmere 12. The March of Education: Some Glimpses ……………………………………………….. - K C Jose 13. Some Personal Perspectives on Developments in Education ……………………………. - Lop Jampel Chogyel 5 HOW IT ALL BEGAN - William Mackey Bhutan always had monastic education. Clever young monks were sent to Tibet for 12 to 15 years. They returned to BHUTAN with a solid foundation in SCRIPTURE, ASTROLOGY, MATHEMATICS, MEDICINE and CHOEKI, the religious classical language of the KANJUR, the TENJUR and ZUNGCHEN THUSUM. These lopons set up centres of Bhutanese religious learning. In many villages, the local GOMCHENS, married village clergy, taught a small group to read and write CHOEKI. These groups had a tremendous influence on the local villagers. They were called upon to guide, encourage and help the local people in sickness, death, marriage and birth. The first King, Ugyen Wangchuk, had a mobile court school that moved with him around the country. Clever young men were selected by His Majesty and were given experience in dealing with money, solving local problems, directing villagers to take responsibility in improving the surroundings of villages. These men became the first DZONGPENS and PEONKHAGS. The second King, Jigme Dorji, set up 7 to 10 HINDI MEDIUM schools, in Bumthang, Ha, Wangdi, Tashigang, Damphu and Paro. This was the beginning of our present Bhutanese Education System. The third King, Ugyen Dorji Wangchuk, decided to go in for ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOLS. The Prime Minister approached the Darjeeling Jesuits of St. Joseph’s College, North Point, in 1962. I was asked to come to Bhutan by the late Prime Minister, in March, 1963. It took some time before I could get the necessary papers from India. I arrived in Paro, early October, 1963. At that time Bhutan had some 20 HINDI/ENGLISH MEDIUM PRIMARY SCHOOLS. Lyonpo Dawa Tshering, the then secretary of the Development Ministry, slowly replaced Hindi textbooks by English ones. His late Majesty and the late Prime Minister asked me to set up an English Medium Education System, based on the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Mr. Rustomji, the then Political Officer in Bhutan, promised that he would get our High Schools affiliated to the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. We ran into the Indian Constitutions. The first two graduating classes could not get admission in Indian Colleges. We needed a Migration Certificate, which Bhutan could not issue. The first two classes of graduates were sent to AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND. The present Secretary General joined them. The first Class X Graduates from BHUTAN, graduated in 1967, 1968. The first Bhutan School to appear at the CLASS XI Cambridge System was Tashigang High School. Paro High School joined them the second year. The Indian School Certificate Class XI (old Cambridge System) became the INDIAN SCHOOL CERTIFICATE,
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