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Instituto De Biociências Programa De Pós INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL TATIANA PETERSEN RUSCHEL SISTEMÁTICA E EVOLUÇÃO DE FIDICININI DISTANT, 1905 (CICADINAE) E DE HEMIDICTYINI DISTANT, 1905 (TETTIGOMYIINAE) (HEMIPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA, CICADIDAE) PORTO ALEGRE 2019 TATIANA PETERSEN RUSCHEL SISTEMÁTICA E EVOLUÇÃO DE FIDICININI DISTANT, 1905 (CICADINAE) E DE HEMIDICTYINI DISTANT, 1905 (TETTIGOMYIINAE) (HEMIPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA, CICADIDAE) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada Orientador(a): Prof. Dr. Luiz Alexandre Campos PORTO ALEGRE 2019 TATIANA PETERSEN RUSCHEL SISTEMÁTICA E EVOLUÇÃO DE FIDICININI DISTANT, 1905 (CICADINAE) E DE HEMIDICTYINI DISTANT, 1905 (TETTIGOMYIINAE) (HEMIPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA, CICADIDAE) Aprovada em ____ de ____________ de _____. BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________________________________ Dra. Andressa Paladini (UFSM) _______________________________________________________ Dr. Augusto Ferrari (FURG) _______________________________________________________ Dr. Bruno Celso Genevcius (MZUSP) _______________________________________________________ Dra. Daniela Maeda Takiya (UFRJ) _______________________________________________________ Dr. Luiz Alexandre Campos (Orientador) iv Aos meus pais e ao meu amor Alexandre eu dedico. v AGRADECIMENTOS Se alguém um dia me interpelasse com a seguinte pergunta: Como foi o teu Doutorado? Eu não podia deixar de pegar emprestada uma analogia contada a mim certa vez, e compará-lo à jornada de Frodo Bolseiro até as Fendas da Perdição (nesse caso a defesa da tese). Mas para a minha sorte eu tinha ao meu lado pessoas (como os membros da sociedade do anel) sem as quais esse caminho tempestuoso teria sido bem mais difícil de transpassar. Agradeço imensamente todo o carinho e apoio as três pessoas mais importantes da minha vida: meu pai, minha mãe e meu “marido” Alexandre. Obrigada por estarem ao meu lado me proporcionando tantos momentos de alegria. Obrigada pelos ouvidos, colos e pelos incentivos de “Tu vai conseguir!” que sempre repetiam. Só vocês sabem o quanto foi desgastante e desanimador todas as rejeições de artigos, as tentativas infrutíferas de conseguir uma bolsa de sanduíche, e tantas outras situações pelas quais passei nesse período. Mas como já diziam os sábios, é persistindo e trabalhando duro que se conquista tudo o que se deseja, lutando muito e nunca desistindo dos seus sonhos. E foi assim que eu fiz e sempre farei, não importa quantas vezes eu caia. Agradeço ao meu orientador Luiz por ter aceitado me orientar, por ter acreditado na minha capacidade e por ter me estimulado a continuar tentando publicar meus manuscritos. Obrigada por todos os ensinamentos e também pelos ótimos momentos de descontração tomando café e falando sobre Star Wars. Não importa o que você diga, eu nunca irei aceitar a nova trilogia HAHAHA. Aos meus queridos colegas de laboratório (não importando o período de convivência) Bárbara, Filipe Michels, Felipe Pezão, Talita, Thereza, Patrícia, Wanessa, André, Layse, Nathalia, Alana e Aline, muito obrigada pelos maravilhosos momentos. Vocês são demais! Obrigada Talita pela parceria em todas as viagens a eventos e visitas aos museus que realizamos juntas com muitas histórias cômicas pra contar. Talita, Thereza, Wanessa e Patrícia cujo coleguismo se transformou em amizade que espero perdure por muito tempo. Obrigada Filipe Michels pela parceria no capítulo 2 da tese, pela troca de ideias e ótimas discussões. Espero termos mais parcerias no futuro com muita tenacidade! Um salve especial aos meus cigarrinhólogos favoritos Gervásio Carvalho (PUCRS), Andressa Paladini (UFSM) e Dani Takiya (UFRJ) que me acompanham de perto desde o início dos meus estudos com cigarras. Aproveito para agradecer à Andressa, Dani e Renato Teixeira (PUCRS) pelas valiosas sugestões como banca da minha qualificação. Ao prof. Gervásio que foi meu orientador de mestrado, mas se transformou em um grande amigo que eu nunca deixei de visitar nesse período. vi Obrigada aos professores Augusto Ferrari (FURG) e Jocélia Grazia (UFGRS) por terem me acompanhado durante esses quatro anos como minha banca de acompanhamento, sempre dispostos a ajudar e com excelentes dicas que contribuíram muito para o resultado final dessa tese. Agradeço à Dra. Chris Simon (UCONN) por acreditar em mim e me convidar para fazer parte de projetos com Cicadidae; ao Dr. David Marshall (UCONN) e Dr. Max Moulds (AMS) pelas discussões sobre morfologia e pelas trocas de ideias; novamente ao Moulds e ao Dr. Michel Boulard pelo auxílio com bibliografias. Agradeço a todos os professores da UFRGS que fizeram parte da minha formação como futura professora e orientadora: Luiz Alexandre Campos, Gilson Moreira, Aline Quadros, Filipe Michels Bianchi, Maríndia Deprá, Vera Gaiesky, Augusto Ferrari, Thiago Carvalho, Mariana Mariano, Rodrigo Fornel, Renan Maestri e Juan Mirande. Agradeço a todos os curadores das coleções que visitei e das quais recebi material pela confiança e disponibilidade. À UFRGS, PPGBAN, PROPESQ, e PROAP, pelos auxílios financeiros disponibilizados, em especial ao PPGBAN por ter financiado minha viagem de curta duração ao Museu Nacional de História Natural de Londres sem a qual o resultado final dessa tese teria sido muito diferente. À CAPES/CNPq PROTAX II [88882.156807/2017-01] pela bolsa que permitiu minha sobrevivência e total dedicação aos meus estudos durante esses quatro anos. vii “O conhecimento deve ser compartilhado, trocado e colocado à disposição de todos”. Alexander Von Humboldt SUMÁRIO RESUMO ......................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 5 Sistemática de Cicadidae .............................................................................................. 5 Fidicinini Distant, 1905 (Cicadinae) e Hemidictyini Distant, 1905 (Tettigomyiinae) . 8 Cicadidae: ciclo de vida, comportamento sexual e hábito alimentar ............................ 9 Estrutura da tese .......................................................................................................... 11 REFERÊNCIAS ........................................................................................................... 13 CAPÍTULO 1 ................................................................................................................ 17 Phylogeny and biogeography of the leaf-winged cicadas (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadidae) ................................................................................. 17 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ 17 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 19 MATERIAL AND METHODS .............................................................................. 22 Taxon sampling ................................................................................................... 22 Morphology and taxonomy ................................................................................. 23 Cladistic analysis ................................................................................................. 24 Biogeographical analysis ..................................................................................... 25 RESULTS................................................................................................................ 26 Characters ............................................................................................................ 26 Character list ........................................................................................................ 26 Cladistic analysis ................................................................................................. 35 Biogeographical analysis ..................................................................................... 37 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 38 Cladistic analysis ................................................................................................. 38 Claspers and uncus .............................................................................................. 43 Morphology of the forewings .............................................................................. 44 Biogeography of Hemidictyini, Chlorocystini and Prasiini ................................ 45 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................ 51 Tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905 ........................................................................ 51 Genus Hemidictya Burmeister, 1835 ................................................................... 53 Genus Hovana Distant, 1905 ............................................................................... 56 Key to the genera of Hemidictyini sensu novo.................................................... 58 Tribe Prasiini Matsumura, 1917 .........................................................................
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