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An Appraisal of the Cicadas of the Genus <I>Abricta</I> StÅL and Allied Genera

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An Appraisal of the Cicadas of the Genus <I>Abricta</I> StÅL and Allied Genera © Copyright Australian Museum, 2003 Records of the Australian Museum (2003) Vol. 55: 245–304. ISSN 0067-1975 An Appraisal of the Cicadas of the Genus Abricta Stål and Allied Genera (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) M.S. MOULDS Invertebrate Zoology Division, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The cicada genus Abricta Stål currently contains a heterogeneous group of species which is considered best divided into four genera. Abricta sensu str. includes only A. brunnea (Fabricius) and A. ferruginosa (Stål) which are confined to Mauritius and neighbouring islands. The monotypic genus Chrysolasia n.gen., is proposed for a single Guatemalan species, A. guatemalena (Distant). Another monotypic genus, Aleeta n.gen., is proposed for the species A. curvicosta (Germar) from eastern Australia. Fourteen Australian species are placed in Tryella n.gen.: castanea Distant, noctua Distant, rubra Goding & Froggatt, stalkeri Distant, willsi Distant, adela n.sp., burnsi n.sp., crassa n.sp., graminea n.sp., infuscata n.sp., kauma n.sp., lachlani n.sp., occidens n.sp. and ochra n.sp. The five remaining species currently placed in Abricta (borealis Goding & Froggatt, burgessi Distant, cincta Fabricius and occidentalis Goding & Froggatt from Australia plus pusilla Fabricius of unknown locality) do not belong to Abricta or closely allied genera. Cladistic analyses place C. guatemalena basally on all trees. The Mauritian genus Abricta sensu str., and the genera, Abroma Stål and Monomatapa Distant, form a sister group to all Australian species. There is strong evidence suggesting that Abricta and Abroma are synonymous. Keys to genera and species and maps of distribution are provided. MOULDS, M.S., 2003. An appraisal of the cicadas of the genus Abricta Stål and allied genera (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae). Records of the Australian Museum 55(3): 245–304. The genus Abricta belongs to the tribe Taphurini and specimens suggested that Abricta was not be a coherent previously included 14 described species distributed generic group and highlighted many difficulties in through Australia, Mauritius, and Guatemala. The largest of identifying Australian specimens. these, A. ferruginosa (Stål) from Mauritius, attains a wingspan Abricta Stål is here redefined to include just two species of over 100 mm while the smallest, now Tryella castanea that are found only in Mauritius. The genus Chrysolasia (Distant) from Australia, has a wingspan of around 45 mm. n.gen. is established to accommodate the single Guatemalan The historical review below shows that species of Abricta species. Two genera are erected for the Australian species: have been described on an ad hoc basis with no real Aleeta n.gen. which includes curvicosta Germar only, while assessment of generic limits. Many of the species the remainder are placed in Tryella n.gen. Nine new species descriptions lack detail and some important morphological of Tryella are described from Australia, making a total of characters have never been examined. Perusal of museum 14. It has been necessary to place considerable emphasis www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1386_complete.pdf 246 Records of the Australian Museum (2003) Vol. 55 on male genitalic structures in distinguishing these taxa as Historical review other morphological features provide insufficient characters. The name “Abricta complex of genera” is introduced Abricta was erected by Stål (1866) as a subgenus of Tibicen for the complex of the following related genera: Abricta, Latreille to accommodate Tettigonia brunnea Fabricius, Aleeta, Tryella, Chrysolasia, Abroma Stål and Monomatapa Cicada tephrogaster Boisduval and his new species Distant. The primary purpose of this revision is to review ferruginosus. Three further species were added by the Australian species of this complex. An appraisal of the subsequent authors before Karsch (1890) raised Abricta to generic status of the many species falling within Abroma generic rank, although the choice of brunnea as the type has not been attempted; nor has an assessment of the possible species for Abricta was made by Distant (1905a) who synonymy of Abroma with Abricta as suggested by Boulard simultaneously described two additional species. (1979, 1990). Species no longer considered as belonging The first monograph of Australian cicadas (Goding & to Abricta are listed and will be transferred to other genera Froggatt, 1904) failed to recognize Abricta at generic rank, in a forthcoming work (Moulds, in prep). using Tibicen instead. Goding and Froggatt included a Abbreviations used for names of collectors are as follows: potpourri of 19 Australian species in Tibicen, of which eight AMW-H, A. & M. Walford-Huggins; GAD, G. & A. were described as new. In 1906 W.L. Distant published his Daniels; MBM, Max & Barbara Moulds. Abbreviations for synonymic catalogue of cicadas (Distant, 1906), which depositories of specimens are as follows: AE, collection of corrected many wrong generic placements of previous A. Ewart, Brisbane; AM, Australian Museum, Sydney; authors, including a number of those introduced by Goding ANIC, Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra; and Froggatt. Distant listed 12 species in Abricta (nine from ASCU, Agricultural Scientific Collection Unit, NSW Australia, two from Mauritius and one from Guatemala) Agriculture, Orange; BMNH, The Natural History Museum, plus six species he tentatively placed in Abricta. In his London (also known as British Museum of Natural History); catalogue, under the heading “Synopsis of Genera” for his DPIB, Department of Primary Industries, Boroka; JM, Division Taphuraria (p. 128), Distant provided a clear collection of J. Moss, Brisbane; JO, collection of J. Olive, summary of Abricta characters, the first assessment of the Cairns; K, Australian Museum registration numbers are taxon since Stål’s original (and very brief) description. A prefixed “K”; LG, collection of L. Greenup, Sydney; LP, partial review of genitalic structures of Abricta ferruginosa collection of L. Popple, Brisbane; MC, collection of M. was later provided by Orian (1964), and Boulard (1979, Coombs, Brisbane; MM, Macleay Museum, University of 1990) has compared Abroma Stål and Abricta. There has Sydney; MNHP, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, been no further assessment of Abricta apart from a recent Paris; MSM, author’s collection; MV, Museum of Victoria, brief statement in Moulds (1990). Melbourne; NMC Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen; NTM, Z.P. Metcalf’s (1963) catalogue of world Homoptera Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Science, Darwin; covered available literature to 1955 and listed 19 species of OUM, Oxford University Museum, Oxford; PH, collection Abricta. Burns’ (1957) checklist of Australian cicadas listed of P. Hutchinson, Perth; QM, Queensland Museum, 14 Australian Abricta species, while Metcalf listed 13 from Brisbane; RE, collection of R. Eastwood, Brisbane; SAM, Australia. Burns had overlooked the transfer of hirsuta South Australian Museum, Adelaide; UQIC, University of Goding & Froggatt to the genus Diemeniana Distant by Queensland Insect Collection, St Lucia, Brisbane; UZMC, Hardy (1918). Burns also listed the junior homonym aurata Universitets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen; WAM, Walker instead of its replacement name euronotiana Western Australian Museum, Perth; ZMH, Zoologischen Kirkaldy. The year following publication of his checklist, Museums, Hamburg. Standard abbreviations are used for Burns (1958) revised the genus Diemeniana and transferred frequently used words, for example, creek (Ck), crossing Abricta euronotiana (having realized the homonymy of (x-ing), homestead (Hsd), mile or miles (mi), near (nr), river aurata) to the genus Diemeniana. (R.) and the cardinal points. In 1962 Dlabola described a new species of Abricta, the Botanical nomenclature follows Bailey et al. (1976) and first in 42 years. This fell, however, as a junior synonym of Henderson (1997). Monomatapa insignis Distant (Boulard, 1980). Terminology of cicadoid imago structures, for the most Duffels & van der Laan (1985) listed 17 Abricta species, part, follows Kramer (1950) and Moulds (1990); wing venation having eliminated flava Goding & Froggatt which Burns is based on that of Dworakowska (1988) (Figs. 1, 2). (1957) had included doubtfully in Abricta. The number of Terminology of male genitalia follows Orian (1964) for species in Abricta was further diminished by Boulard (1988) structures of the aedeagus while terminology for the pygofer who transferred flavoannulata Distant to Kanakia Distant. is adapted from Duffels (1977, 1983) and Dugdale (1972) By 1990 16 species remained in Abricta. After examining (Figs. 3–6). Two new structures, both apparently unique to the types of most Australian species, I concluded that the Abricta complex and associated with the aedeagus, are another species, frenchi Distant, also belonged to recognized here. A membranous transverse lobe positioned Diemeniana and that Abricta elseyi Distant was a junior ventrally near the apex of the theca I call the flabellum (from synonym of Abricta rubra (Goding & Froggatt). Thus 14 the Latin meaning a fan, neuter) and a lightly sclerotized species remained in the genus (Moulds, 1990). However, flap attached to the ventral side of the theca, proximal to at that time I was unable to assess the status of three further the flabellum, I call the palearis (from the Latin for dewlap; Australian Abricta species: borealis (Goding & Froggatt), neuter). The function of both these
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