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Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DE Dorisiana METCALF, 1952 (HEMIPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA, CICADIDAE, CICADINAE, FIDICININI) Tatiana Petersen Ruschel DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Caixa Postal 1429 Fone: (051) 320-3500 - Fax: (051) 339-1564 CEP 90619-900 Porto Alegre - RS Brasil 2015 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DE Dorisiana METCALF, 1952 (HEMIPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA, CICADIDAE, CICADINAE, FIDICININI) Tatiana Petersen Ruschel Orientador: Dr. Gervásio Silva Carvalho DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO PORTO ALEGRE - RS – BRASIL 2015 SUMÁRIO Dedicatória ...................................................................................................................... iv AGRADECIMENTOS .................................................................................................... vi RESUMO ...................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... ix 1. Introdução ................................................................................................................... 10 2. Revisão Bibliográfica ................................................................................................. 15 2.1 Histórico da família .............................................................................................. 15 2.2 Cicadidae quanto à classificação .......................................................................... 17 2.3 Os gêneros de Fidicinini Distant, 1905 ................................................................ 24 2.4 Dorisiana: histórico das espécies e dados ecológicos .......................................... 30 3. Justificativa ................................................................................................................. 43 4. Objetivos ..................................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Geral ..................................................................................................................... 43 4.2 Específicos ............................................................................................................ 43 5. Materiais e Métodos ................................................................................................... 43 5.1 Coleções examinadas ............................................................................................ 44 5.2 Morfologia de Cicadidae ...................................................................................... 44 5.3 Exame e dissecação .............................................................................................. 47 5.4 Descrições e redescrições ..................................................................................... 47 5.5 Distribuição geográfica ........................................................................................ 47 5.6 Ilustrações ............................................................................................................. 48 5.7 Mensurações ......................................................................................................... 48 6. Resultados e discussão ............................................................................................... 49 6.1 Revisão taxonômica .............................................................................................. 49 6.1.2 Chave ilustrada para as espécies de Dorisiana .............................................. 55 6.1.3 Descrição e redescrição das espécies de Dorisiana....................................... 59 7. Considerações finais ................................................................................................. 144 8. Referências Bibliográficas ........................................................................................ 145 APÊNDICE ..................................................................................................... 155 iii Dedicatória Aos meus queridos pais e ao meu amado Alexandre, eu dedico. iv A Cigarra e a Formiga “Tendo a cigarra, em cantigas Folgado todo o verão Achou-se em penúria extrema Na tormentosa estação. Não lhe restando migalha Que trincasse, a tagarela Foi valer-se da formiga, Que morava perto dela. Rogou-lhe que lhe emprestasse, Pois tinha riqueza e brilho, Algum grão com que manter-se Té voltar o aceso Estio. – Amiga – diz a cigarra – Prometo, à fé de animal, Pagar-vos, antes de Agosto, Os juros e o principal. A formiga nunca empresta, Nunca dá, por isso junta. – No verão, em que lidavas? – À pedinte, ela pergunta. Responde a outra: – Eu cantava Noite e dia, a toda a hora. – Oh! Bravo! – torna a formiga – Cantavas? Pois dança agora!” La Fontaine (1621-1695) v AGRADECIMENTOS Finalmente chego ao final dessa jornada que ao mesmo tempo em que me permitiu aumentar a minha bagagem acadêmica e me proporcionou grandes vivências, também me foi muito difícil e desgastante transpassa-la. Mas me sinto feliz e realizada por tê-la concluído. Agradeço primeiramente ao meu orientador, Dr. Gervásio Carvalho por ter me aceitado como orientada e pela confiança, além da amizade que espero que perdure por muitos anos. Aos meus pais, Claudio e Cláudia Ruschel, pelo apoio incondicional e por terem me ensinado que o conhecimento é algo único e eterno. Ao meu amado, Alexandre Marques, por ser meu maior incentivador, sempre ao meu lado nos bons e maus momentos, cujos companherismo, amor e amizade são e sempre serão essenciais na minha vida. Ás colegas de laboratório Amanda Kessler, Daniela Marques, Jéssica Oliseski, Kátia Matiotti e Mariana Palma pelos momentos de descontração e boas risadas. Ao colega Me. Marcus Guidoti (UFRGS) por muitas vezes ter me socorrido e apoiado, e por sempre ter sido crítico e sincero nas nossas discussões metodológicas. A todos os professores que contribuíram de alguma forma, na minha formação, em especial aos doutores Arno Antonio Lise (PUCRS), Betina Blochtein (PUCRS), Gervásio Silva Carvalho (PUCRS), Josué Sant’Anna (UFRGS), Julio César Bicca Marques (PUCRS) e Roberto Esser dos Reis (PUCRS). Ao Dr. Carlos Alberto Santos Lucena por ter permitido o uso da câmera digital científica do laboratório de Ictiologia da PUCRS e pelo empréstimo do paquímetro digital. Ao Dr. Douglas Henrique Bottura Maccagnan (UEG) que, apesar de não nos conhecermos pessoalmente, me apoiou desde o início dos meus estudos com cigarras, esclarecendo muitas dúvidas e auxiliando os meus estudos com material bibliográfico. Aos doutores Allen F. Sanborn (Universidade de Barry, Miami, EUA) e Michel Boulard (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, França), os maiores especialistas em Cicadidae que, apesar da distância, sempre sanaram minhas dúvidas e debataram meus novos ponto de vista, apesar de eu ser uma mera iniciante nos estudos desses fantásticos insetos. vi Ao Dr. Jêrome Sueur, curador de Cicadidae do Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN - Paris, França) pelo envio das fotografias de alguns dos espécimes e também pela troca de ideias. Ao Curador de Hemiptera do British Museum Natural History (BMNH - Londres, Inglaterra) Mick Webb e ao Dr. Stuart McKamey do Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (NMNH - Washington, EUA) pelo envio de fotografias de material tipo. Aos curadores das coleções das instituições nacionais que me enviaram material por remessa e aos que me receberam cordialmente. A CAPES pela bolsa parcial. vii RESUMO Os cidadídeos são insetos conhecidos popularmente como cigarras, sendo facilmente reconhecidos no seu ambiente devido ao som emitido pelos machos. Cicadoidea se encontra atualmente dividida em Tettigarctidae e Cicadidae e, esta última em três subfamílias: Cicadinae, Cicadettinae e Tibicininae. Cicadinae comporta muitas tribos neotropicais, sendo uma das mais representativas Fidicinini, subdividida em Fidicinina e Guyalnina e contendo 16 gêneros. Em Fidicinina, Fidicina e Fidicinoides são os únicos que apresentam maior número de espécies descritas e nenhum dos demais gêneros da tribo possui uma revisão taxômica, sendo ausentes publicações que estabeleçam caracteres para distingui-los. Dentro de Guyalnina, Dorisiana apresenta importância econômica como praga do cafeeiro e também problemas taxonômicos, além da carência de caracteres morfológicos necessários para sua determinação, o que é acrescido pela falta de uma revisão que contemple todos os gêneros presentes na tribo. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi realizar a revisão taxonômica das espécies de Dorisiana aprimorando os conhecimentos acerca do táxon, tendo como objetivos específicos analisar a morfologia das espécies do gênero a partir de exemplares depositados em coleções de instituições nacionais e estrangeiras; descrever as espécies morfologicamente, incluindo fotografias e desenhos, principalmente das peças da genitália do macho; produzir uma chave dicotômica pictórica para determinação das espécies. Para isso, a partir da análise dos exemplares encontrados nas coleções nacionais e pelo envio de fotografias de material das instituições estrangeiras, foi realizado o estudo morfológico dos espécimes e ilustrações das principais estruturas para a distinção das espécies
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