DOCSLIB.ORG

Here May Be a Threshold of 8 Mm Above

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Here May Be a Threshold of 8 Mm Above c 2007 by Daniela Maeda Takiya. All rights reserved. SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON THE LEAFHOPPER SUBFAMILY CICADELLINAE (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) BY DANIELA MAEDA TAKIYA B. Sc., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1998 M. Sc., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007 Urbana, Illinois Abstract The leafhopper subfamily Cicadellinae (=sharpshooters) includes approximately 340 genera and over 2,000 species distributed worldwide, but it is most diverse in the Neotropical region. In contrast to the vast majority of leafhoppers (members of the family Cicadellidae), which are specialists on phloem or parenchyma fluids, cicadellines feed on xylem sap. Because xylem sap is such a nutritionally poor diet, xylem specialists must ingest large quantities of sap while feeding. They continuously spurt droplets of liquid excrement, forming the basis for their common name. Specialization on xylem sap also occurs outside the Membracoidea, in members of the related superfamilies Cicadoidea (cicadas) and Cercopoidea (spittlebugs) of the order Hemiptera. Because larger insects with greater cibarial volume are thought to more easily overcome the negative pressure of xylem sap, previous authors suggested that there may be a threshold of 8 mm above which, the energetic cost of feeding is negligible. In chapter 1 the method of phylogenetic contrasts was used to re-investigate the evolution of body size of Hemiptera and test the hypothesis that shifts to xylem feeding were associated with an increase in body size. After correcting for phylogenetic dependence and taking into consideration possible alternative higher-level phylogenetic scenarios, statistical analyses of hemipteran body sizes did not show a significant increase in xylem feeding lineages. However, these results should be viewed cautiously, because the lack of support for an increase in body size of xylem-feeders was the strong negative contrast of supposedly xylem-feeding myerslopiids and the phloem-feeding ancestor of the remaining Membracoidea. Additionally, the calculation of ancestral body sizes does not corroborate the previous assumption of a size threshold, as all xylem-feeding ancestors, with the exception of cicadas, were smaller than 8 mm. Sharpshooters host two mutualistic bacterial endosymbionts to complement their poor diet. Chapter 2 addresses the question of whether these two dominant bacteria have undergone long-term codiversification with their hosts. Twenty-nine leafhopper species, spanning six tribes with emphasis on sharpshooters, were characterized for both Baumannia and Sulcia. Phylogenetic analysis were conducted based on the 16SrDNA from both bacteria and on COI, COII, 16SrDNA, and H3 for sharpshooter hosts. To test whether cospeciation occurred three statistical tests were conducted: a topology and maximum-likelihood-based iii Shimoidara-Hasegawa test, a parsimony and event-based test (TreeFitter), and a parsimony and dataset- based ILD test. A congruent evolutionary history of both Baumannia and Sulcia with their sharpshooter hosts is supported based on all (Baumannia) or most (Sulcia) statistical tests conducted here, suggesting a long-term association of these bacteria with their hosts. Chapter 4 presents studies on the taxonomy of Homalodisca St˚al,1869, the most economically important proconiine genus. These studies include a new designation of the type-species (Cicada triangularis Fabricius, 1803) of the genus based on an original misidentification; transfer of Cicada triquetra Fabricius, 1803 to Propetes Walker, 1851; designation of the lectotype of Tettigonia vitripennis Germar, 1821 and synonymy of Tettigonia coagulata Say, 1832, making the former the appropriate scientific name for the glassy-winged sharpshooter; a key to Brazilian species; description of the male of H. ignota Melichar; and description of a new species of Homalodisca from Northeastern Brazil. Previous authors included in Cicadellinae different combinations of the tribes Cicadellini, Proconiini, Mileewini, Errhomenini, Evacanthini, and Makilingiini. Incongruences in the classification were mainly due to the lack of robust phylogenetic hypotheses. A phylogenetic study on the Cicadellinae with emphasis on the tribe Proconiini is presented in the final three chapters. A morphological study based on 183 characters coded for 50 outgroup taxa and 121 ingroup species is presented along with a molecular study based on partial regions of COI, COII, 16S rDNA, and H3 gene sequences from 74 ingroup and 17 outgroup taxa. Results support changes in the higher-level classification of Cicadellinae including the erection of the tribe Oncometopiini based on previous members of the Proconiini; the treatment of Phereurhinini within the subfamily Cicadellinae; and the transfers of the following to genera (to appropriate Cicadellinae tribe or subfamily): Archeguina, Jilijapa, Namsangia, and Ochrostacta (Cicadellini), Ectypus (Proconiini), Pamplona and Pamplonoidea (Oncometopiini), Homalogoniella (Phereurhinini), and Vidanoana (Mileewinae). Finally, based on a combined analysis of both molecular and morphology, the origin of the egg-powdering behavior and related sexually-dimorphic morphological characteristics were studied. Results suggest a single origin of the egg-powdering behavior, possibly in the ancestor of Phereurhinini and Oncometopiini. Modifications of the female hindlegs for scraping the brochosomes off onto the egg nests were also acquired once in the ancestor of the Oncometopiini, while modifications on the female forewing setation for better anchoring of brochosome pellets, seem to have been acquired multiple times. Multiple losses of the behavior and its related associated traits occurred in various oncometopiine lineages. iv This thesis is dedicated to my mother, Christina M. Takiya, who once thought that Entomology was a dead science. v “We are glorious accidents of an unpredictable process with no drive to complexity, not the expected results of evolutionary principles that yearn to produce a creature capable of understanding the mode of its own necessary construction.” –Stephen J. Gould “-Sadie: Daddy, why are starfish shaped like stars? -Professor: That’s a very interesting question, Sadie. Functional adaptability and anatomical determina- tion in biological systems is a fascinating issue that certainly warrants further investigation. -Sadie: Does that mean you don’t know? -Professor: It’s beyond the scope of my research. ” –Jorge Cham @ phdcomics.com “She’s filled with secrets. Where we’re from, the birds sing a pretty song, and there’s always music in the air.” –The man from another place (Twin Peaks, written by Mark Frost) vi Acknowledgments After almost six years of working on this thesis I am indebted to many incredible people. In the first place to Chris Dietrich and Roman Rakitov, whose interest in leafhopper evolution and biology made possible for me to come to do my graduate studies in the University of Illinois and immensely broaden my research interests. This opportunity came accompanied by field trips to Mexico, Peru, and Taiwan and my learning of new techniques and research areas, which would not have been possible back home. Uncountable discussions on leafhopper morphology were carried in our weekly meetings, which would not have been the same without the input of my esteemed fellow lab members: Adam Wallner, Jamie Zahniser, Jesse Alberston, Natasha Novikova, Suni Krishnankutty, and especially Dima Dmitriev, who set up the system for my sharpshooter database and continuously improves the software. Secondly, I would like to acknowledge my colleagues, who directly contributed in some of the papers presented in this thesis. Gabriel Mejdalani (MNRJ) was a collaborator in CHAPTER 5, who definitely molded myself with his own ideas of proconiine evolution, besides wholly supporting my decision to come to the United States. Rodney Cavichioli’s (DZUP) enthusiasm towards sharpshooters is contagious and just keeps me going on describing new species. He and Stu McKamey (USNM) were collaborators in CHAPTER 4. Stu’s grant on the revision of Homalodisca by the University of California Pierce’s Disease Research Grant financed my flying to the Ukraine to study the type of H. vitripennis and take myself, Roman, and Jamie into field trips to Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela, where material was collected and used in CHAPTER 6. Finally, Nancy Moran and Phat Tran (University of Arizona) whose interests in phytophagous insects endosymbionts were instrumental in producing the bacterial data studied in CHAPTER 3. Support towards my research and career goals also came in various ways through many people. Mike Wilson (National Museums and Galleries of Wales) allowed me to be a part of his incredible effort on imaging all sharpshooter species in the world, to be published as books sometime in the near future, and supported my re-analysis of his body size constraints ideas in CHAPTER 2. Brian Wiegmann (NCSU) allowed me the use of laboratory for trials of amplification of more useful gene regions in leafhoppers. Inspiration to conduct my research comes from amazing biologists who love their study groups with all their passion: vii Adalberto Santos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Eduardo Venticinque (Wildlife Conservation Society), Gustavo Graciolli (Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul), Jorge Nacimento (MNRJ),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evidence for Noncirculative Transmission of Pierce's Disease Bacterium by Sharpshooter Leafhoppers
    Vector Relations Evidence for Noncirculative Transmission of Pierce's Disease Bacterium by Sharpshooter Leafhoppers Alexander H. Purcell and Allan Finlay Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720. The California Table Grape Commission and the Napa Valley Viticultural Research Fund supported this work in part. We thank Dennis Larsen for technical assistance. Accepted for publication 10 October 1978. ABSTRACT PURCELL, A. H., and A. H. FINLAY. 1979. Evidence for noncirculative transmission of Pierce's disease bacterium by sharpshooter leafhoppers. Phytopathology 69:393-395. Half of the leafhoppers (Graphocephalaatropunctata) allowed acquisi- which was in close agreement with estimates for which no latent period was tion access on grapevines affected with Pierce's disease (PD) became assumed. Neither G. atropunctatanor Draeculacephalaminerva retained infective within 2.0 hr, and there was no significant increase inacquisition infectivity after molting. The loss of infectivity after molting and lack of a beyond 24 hr. The median inoculation access period was 3.9 hr. Three of 34 latent period suggest a noncirculative mechanism of transmission of the P[) (9%) insects transmitted after I hr each for acquisition and for inoculation, bacterium by leafhoppers. Additional key words: Hordnia, Graphocephala, Draeculacephala,lucerne dwarf, alfalfa dwarf, almond leaf scorch, rickettsia-like bacteria, stylet-borne. Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines usually is lethal to grapevines Princeton, NJ 08540) 25% WP in water at recommended rates and (Vitis vinifera); periodically it has caused serious losses to the held in a heated greenhouse. Symptoms of PD normally appeared California grape industry and it has precluded successful after 10-14 wk. Grapevines without symptoms of PD for 22-25 wk production of bunch grapes in the southeastern USA (5).
    [Show full text]
  • Matsumura's Collection of Froghoppers and Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) of Taiwan in the Hokkaido University Insect
    Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Insect Vectors and Insect-Borne Diseases Matsumura’s Collection of Froghoppers and Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) of Taiwan in the Hokkaido University Insect Collection Kazunori Yoshizawa 1, 6, Jeng-Tze Yang 2, 3, Yu-Der Wen 4, Hsien-Tzung Shih 5,7 1 Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan 2 Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC 3 Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC 4 Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC 5 Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC 6 corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] 7 corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (SEHU), former Entomological Institute of Sapporo Agricultural College, was founded by Professor Shonen Matsumura. SEHU has preserved the insect specimens named by Professor Matsumura for a long time that includes insect specimens collected from Taiwan. Some of them are xylem-feeders, such as froghoppers and sharpshooters which can transmit xylem-limited bacteria (XLB). This article provides the checklist of Taiwan froghoppers and sharpshooters named by Professor Matsumura preserved in SEHU. The checklist contains 44 froghopper species and 4 sharpshooter species. This checklist could be a reference for studying the taxonomy of xylem-feeders in Taiwan. Keywords: Taiwan, froghopper, sharpshooter, Hokkaido University, Shonen Matsumura INTRODUCTION Xylem feeders belonging to Hemiptera are capable to transmit xylem-limited bacteria (XLB). Therefore, these xylem feeders were considered as potential vectors of XLB (34).
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), IV: Lectotype Designations of Aulacizes Amyot &
    Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 105 64 (1) 105–111 © Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, ISSN 1863-7221, 30.10.2006 Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), IV: lectotype designations of Aulacizes Amyot & Audinet-Serville species described by Germar and revalidation of A. erythrocephala (Germar, 1821) GABRIEL MEJDALANI 1, DANIELA M. TAKIYA 2 & RACHEL A. CARVALHO 1 1 Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil [[email protected]] 2 Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA [[email protected]] Received 17.iii.2005, accepted 22.viii.2006. Available online at www.arthropod-systematics.de > Abstract Lectotypes are designated for the sharpshooter species Aulacizes erythrocephala (Germar, 1821) and A. quadripunctata (Germar, 1821) based on recently located specimens from the Germar collection. The former species is reinstated from synonymy of the latter one and is redescribed and illustrated based on specimens from Southeastern Brazil. The male and female genitalia are described for the fi rst time. The two species are similar morphologically, but they can be easily distinguished from each other, as well as from the other species of the genus, by their color patterns. > Key words Membracoidea, Aulacizes quadripunctata, leafhopper, sharpshooter, taxonomy, morphology, Brazil. 1. Introduction This is the fourth paper of a series on the taxonomy redescribed and illustrated. One sharpshooter type of the leafhopper tribe Proconiini in the Neotropical located in the Germar collection (Homalodisca vitri- region. The fi rst three papers included descriptions of pennis (Germar, Year 1821)) was previously designated two new species and notes on other species in the tribe by TAKIYA et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Haplotype Variations and Genetic Structure of Indonesian Green
    Haplotype Variations and Genetic Structure of Indonesian Green Leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Population Based on Cytochrome C Oxydase I and II Genes Authors: Rafika Yuniawati, Rika Raffiudin* and I Made Samudra *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.3.7 Highlights • A total of 14 and 10 haplotypes were found in the COI and COII genes of Nephotettix virescens, respectively. • Four haplotype groups of Nephotettix virescens have been revealed based on the COI gene sequences, i.e haplotype for Sumatera, Java, Bali and Sulawesi. • The haplotypes of COI gene sequences are potential to be used for genetic markers on Nephotettix virescens. TLSR, 30(3), 2019 © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2019 Tropical Life Sciences Research, 30(3), 95–110, 2019 Haplotype Variations and Genetic Structure of Indonesian Green Leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Population Based on Cytochrome C Oxidase I and II Genes 1,2Rafika Yuniawati, 1Rika Raffiudin* and 2I Made Samudra 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Bogor 16111 Indonesia Publication date: 26 December 2019 To cite this article: Rafika Yuniawati, Rika Raffiudin and I Made Samudra. (2019). Haplotype variations and genetic structure of Indonesian green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) population based on cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes. Tropical Life Sciences Research 30(3): 95–110. https://doi.org/10.21315/ tlsr2019.30.3.7 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.3.7 Abstract: The green leafhopper (GLH), Nephotettix virescens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is an insect vector of the important rice tungro viruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Cicadulina Bipunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) In
    Appl Entomol Zool (2014) 49:325–330 DOI 10.1007/s13355-014-0253-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Occurrence of Cicadulina bipunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in southwestern Shikoku, Japan and comparisons of gall-inducing ability between Kyushu and Shikoku populations Shun Kumashiro • Keiichiro Matsukura • Ryo Ogawa • Masaya Matsumura • Makoto Tokuda Received: 2 July 2013 / Accepted: 19 February 2014 / Published online: 8 March 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The maize orange leafhopper Cicadulina bi- bipunctata had a gall inducing ability similar to the punctata (Melichar) is an insect pest of cereal crops in Kumamoto population. More attention should be paid to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. This assessing the risk of further expansion of C. bipunctata leafhopper induces gall symptoms characterized by stunted populations in Shikoku. growth and swollen leaf veins on various Poaceae. Damage by C. bipunctata has been reported from Australia, the Keywords Distribution Á Maize orange leafhopper Á Philippines, China, Taiwan, and Japan. In Japan, C. bi- Maize wallaby ear symptom Á Poaceae punctata occurs in the central and southern parts of Kyu- shu. Because the leafhopper is a potential pest of various cereal crops, we conducted field surveys in Shikoku and the Introduction southern part of the Kii Peninsula (a part of Honshu), where the climate seems to be suitable for the establish- Maize orange leafhopper, Cicadulina bipunctata (Meli- ment of C. bipunctata. As a result, we found C. bipunctata char), is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of at some localities in Ehime and Kochi Prefectures.
    [Show full text]
  • Higherlevel Phylogeny of the Insect Order Hemiptera
    Systematic Entomology (2011), DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00611.x Higher-level phylogeny of the insect order Hemiptera: is Auchenorrhyncha really paraphyletic? JASON R. CRYAN and JULIE M. URBAN Laboratory for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, New York State Museum, Albany, NY, U.S.A. Abstract. The higher-level phylogeny of the order Hemiptera remains a contentious topic in insect systematics. The controversy is chiefly centred on the unresolved question of whether or not the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha (including the extant superfamilies Fulgoroidea, Membracoidea, Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea) is a monophyletic lineage. Presented here are the results of a multilocus molecular phylogenetic investigation of relationships among the major hemipteran lineages, designed specifically to address the question of Auchenorrhyncha monophyly in the context of broad taxonomic sampling across Hemiptera. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) were based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from seven gene regions (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3, histone 2A, wingless, cytochrome c oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 ) generated from 86 in-group exemplars representing all major lineages of Hemiptera (plus seven out-group taxa). All combined analyses of these data recover the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha, and also support the monophyly of each of the following lineages: Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Heteropterodea, Heteroptera, Fulgoroidea, Cicadomorpha, Membracoidea, Cercopoidea and Cicadoidea. Also
    [Show full text]
  • NOTA / NOTE Cicadatra Persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) New for Bulgaria (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae)
    ISSN: 1989-6581 Háva (2016) www.aegaweb.com/arquivos_entomoloxicos ARQUIVOS ENTOMOLÓXICOS, 16: 137-138 NOTA / NOTE Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) new for Bulgaria (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae). Jiří Háva Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, CZECH REPUBLIC. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The species Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) is newly recorded from Bulgaria. Key words: Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadidae, Cicadatra, faunistics, new record, Bulgaria. Resumen: Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) nueva para Bulgaria (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae). Se cita la especie Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) por primera vez para Bulgaria. Palabras clave: Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadidae, Cicadatra, faunística, nueva cita, Bulgaria. Recibido: 5 de septiembre de 2016 Publicado on-line: 28 de septiembre de 2016 Aceptado: 14 de septiembre de 2016 The Palaearctic genus Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Cicadini) exhibits a wide geographical distribution across the Palaearctic extending westwards from Pakistan across the Middle East to Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean region, northwards to Russia and Georgia, and eastwards to China and India (Ahmed & Sanborn 2010, Mozaffarian & Sanborn 2010). Distributional analyses for species of Cicadatra in the Middle East area have been made previously by some workers from Europe, Iran, and Pakistan (Ahmed & Sanborn 2010). In more recent years, additional faunal checklists including discussions of the genus and new species of Cicadatra have been described from nearby Iran, the Mediterranean region, and Pakistan (Ahmed et al. 2012, Simões et al. 2012, Mozaffarian & Sanborn 2013). Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (Takım Düzeyinde)
    BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (TAKIM DÜZEYİNDE) GÖKHAN AYDIN 2016 Editör : Gökhan AYDIN Dizgi : Ziya ÖNCÜ ISBN : 978-605-87432-3-6 Böceklerin Sınıflandırılması isimli eğitim amaçlı hazırlanan bilgisayar programı için lütfen aşağıda verilen linki tıklayarak programı ücretsiz olarak bilgisayarınıza yükleyin. http://atabeymyo.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/76/files/siniflama-05102016.exe Eğitim Amaçlı Bilgisayar Programı ISBN: 978-605-87432-2-9 İçindekiler İçindekiler i Önsöz vi 1. Protura - Coneheads 1 1.1 Özellikleri 1 1.2 Ekonomik Önemi 2 1.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 2 2. Collembola - Springtails 3 2.1 Özellikleri 3 2.2 Ekonomik Önemi 4 2.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 4 3. Thysanura - Silverfish 6 3.1 Özellikleri 6 3.2 Ekonomik Önemi 7 3.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 7 4. Microcoryphia - Bristletails 8 4.1 Özellikleri 8 4.2 Ekonomik Önemi 9 5. Diplura 10 5.1 Özellikleri 10 5.2 Ekonomik Önemi 10 5.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 11 6. Plocoptera – Stoneflies 12 6.1 Özellikleri 12 6.2 Ekonomik Önemi 12 6.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 13 7. Embioptera - webspinners 14 7.1 Özellikleri 15 7.2 Ekonomik Önemi 15 7.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 15 8. Orthoptera–Grasshoppers, Crickets 16 8.1 Özellikleri 16 8.2 Ekonomik Önemi 16 8.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 17 i 9. Phasmida - Walkingsticks 20 9.1 Özellikleri 20 9.2 Ekonomik Önemi 21 9.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 21 10. Dermaptera - Earwigs 23 10.1 Özellikleri 23 10.2 Ekonomik Önemi 24 10.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 24 11. Zoraptera 25 11.1 Özellikleri 25 11.2 Ekonomik Önemi 25 11.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 26 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid and Simple Species Identification of Cicada Exuviae
    insects Article Rapid and Simple Species Identification of Cicada Exuviae Using COI-Based SCAR Assay Pureum Noh, Wook Jin Kim, Jun-Ho Song , Inkyu Park , Goya Choi and Byeong Cheol Moon * Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; [email protected] (P.N.); [email protected] (W.J.K.); [email protected] (J.-H.S.); [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (G.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-61-338-7100 Received: 5 February 2020; Accepted: 4 March 2020; Published: 6 March 2020 Abstract: Cicadidae periostracum (CP), the medicinal name of cicada exuviae, is well-known insect-derived traditional medicine with various pharmacological effects, e.g., anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and anticancer effects; it is also beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. For appropriate CP application, accurate species identification is essential. The Korean pharmacopoeia and the pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China define Cryptotympana atrata as the only authentic source of CP. Species identification of commercially distributed CP based on morphological features, however, is difficult because of the combined packaging of many cicada exuviae in markets, damage during distribution, and processing into powder form. DNA-based molecular markers are an excellent alternative to morphological detection. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of C. atrata, Meimuna opalifera, Platypleura kaempferi, and Hyalessa maculaticollis were analyzed. On the basis of sequence alignments, we developed sequence-characterized amplified-region (SCAR) markers for efficient species identification. These markers successfully discriminated C.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 271.95 K
    Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics (IJAB) Vol.11, No.2, 121-148, 2015 ISSN: 1735-434X (print); 2423-4222 (online) A checklist of Iranian Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Pakarpour Rayeni, F.a*, Nozari, J.b, Seraj, A.A.a a Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran b Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran (Received: 7 February 2015; Accepted: 29 June 2015) By using published records and original data from recent research, the first checklist for subfamily Deltocephalinae from Iran is presented. This study is based on a comprehensive review of literatures and the examination of some materials from our collection. The present checklist contains 184 species belonging to 74 genera. In addition, for each species, the known geographical distribution in Iran and in the world is reported. Key words: leafhoppers, records, subfamily, distribution, Iran. INTRODUCTION Zahniser and Dietrich (2013) stated that currently Deltocephalinae contains 6683 valid species and 923 genera, making it the largest subfamily of Cicadellidae based on the number of described species. The subfamily is distributed worldwide, and it contains the majority of leafhoppers vectoring economically important plant diseases, some of which cause significant damage and economic loss”. Many species feed on herbaceous or woody dicotyledonous plants, while about 1/3 of the tribes specialize on grass and sedge hosts and are particularly diverse and abundant in grassland ecosystems (Dietrich, 2005). The history of the faunestic studies on leafhoppers in Iran is mainly based on Dlabola's investigations (1957; 1958; 1960; 1961; 1964; 1971; 1974; 1977; 1979; 1981; 1984; 1987; 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Cicadidae (Homoptera) De Nicaragua: Catalogo Ilustrado, Incluyendo Especies Exóticas Del Museo Entomológico De Leon
    Rev. Nica. Ent., 72 (2012), Suplemento 2, 138 pp. Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: Catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exóticas del Museo Entomológico de Leon. Por Jean-Michel Maes*, Max Moulds** & Allen F. Sanborn.*** * Museo Entomológico de León, Nicaragua, [email protected] ** Entomology Department, Australian Museum, Sydney, [email protected] *** Department of Biology, Barry University, 11300 NE Second Avenue, Miami Shores, FL 33161-6695USA, [email protected] INDEX Tabla de contenido INTRODUCCION .................................................................................................................. 3 Subfamilia Cicadinae LATREILLE, 1802. ............................................................................ 4 Tribu Zammarini DISTANT, 1905. ....................................................................................... 4 Odopoea diriangani DISTANT, 1881. ............................................................................... 4 Miranha imbellis (WALKER, 1858). ................................................................................. 6 Zammara smaragdina WALKER, 1850. ............................................................................ 9 Tribu Cryptotympanini HANDLIRSCH, 1925. ................................................................... 13 Sub-tribu Cryptotympanaria HANDLIRSCH, 1925. ........................................................... 13 Diceroprocta bicosta (WALKER, 1850). ......................................................................... 13 Diceroprocta
    [Show full text]
  • Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter & Pierce's Disease Research
    Glassy-winged Sharpshooter & Pierce’s Disease Research Summaries FY 00-01/01-02 Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce’s Disease Research Summaries FY 2000-2001 and FY 2001-2002 Funding Agencies: Almond Board of California (Almond) American Vineyard Foundation (AVF) California Citrus Nursery Advisory Board (CA Citrus Nu rsery) California Competitive Grant Program for Research in Viticulture/Enology (CCGPRVE) California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) California Department of Food and Agriculture – Assembly Bill 1232 (CDFA AB 1232) California Department of Transportation (Cal Trans) California Raisin Marketing Board (Raisin) California Table Grape Commission (Table) Citrus Research Board (Citrus Board) City of Temecula (Temecula) County of Riverside (Riverside) Kern/Tulare GWSS Task Force (Kersn/Tulare) UC Pierce’s Disease Grant Program (UC - PD) UC Pierce’s Disease Integrated Pest Management Program (UC - IPM) USDA - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) USDA - Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) USDA – Community Credit Corporation (USDA-CCC) USDA – Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) Viticulture Consortium (VC) Published by: California Department of Food and Agriculture December 2001 Summaries compiled by Patrick Gleeson Cover Design: Jay Van Rein To order additional copies of this publication, contact: M. Athar Tariq California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierce’s Disease Control Program 2014 Capitol Avenue, Suite 109 Sacramento, CA 95814 Telephone: (916) 322-2804 Fax: (916) 322-3924 http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/pdcp E-mail: [email protected] Printing: Copeland Printing Sacramento, CA Note: The summaries in this publication have not been subject to independent scientific review. The California Department of Food and Agriculture makes no warranty, expressed or implied, and assumes no legal liability for the information in this publication.
    [Show full text]