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MSE Walls: • Changes in Backfill and Reinforcement Location • Possible Additional Stresses to Connection • Possible Damage to Panels

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MSE Walls: • Changes in Backfill and Reinforcement Location • Possible Additional Stresses to Connection • Possible Damage to Panels MSE New Concepts and Innovations Sherif Aziz, P.E. & James R. Sullivan P.E. Name: APC/PennDOT Fall Seminar Date : November 2016 Presentation Layout • Reinforced Earth, A brief History & Basic Design Principles • MSE Gantry Crane Loading • Case Study : Bayonne Bridge, NY-NJ • MSE Settlement • Several Case Studies • Questions and Answers APC November 2016 2 Reinforced Earth, a brief History • Invented by Henri Vidal, Engineer and Architect (1924-2007) • On a beach in Ibiza 1957 while building castles of sand • Filed for a patent on March 27, 1963 • RECo USA first project 1971, HWY 39 CA • MSE is recognized as a major civil engineering innovation APC November 2016 3 Reinforced Earth Basic Principal • Granular backfill • Internal friction allowing to space the reinforcement layers arch effect • A facing linked to the reinforcement is required Local stability of backfill between 2 layers Protection against erosion • Reinforced Earth : A composite material with artificial cohesion APC November 2016 4 Another Composite Material: Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete Development • Invented and patented by Joseph Monier, a French gardener 1867 (making concrete pots with embedded iron mesh) Joseph Monier • Tested and made into design theory, formulas, and methods of design by a German engineer Gustav Adolph Wayss 1879 • Used by Francois Hennebique, a French engineer in building construction 1892 (Columns, beams, floors, arches..etc) APC November 2016 Reinforced Earth Development 1958 • Scale Models • Full Scale Tests • Measurements on Actual Projects • Experimental Walls • Finite Element Studies • Behavior of Walls Research • Development of current Design Methods APC November 2016 MSE WALL DESIGN B / H ≥ 0.7 External Stability Internal Stability Sliding & Overturning Tension & Pullout Internal and External Stability design is the responsibility of the MSE supplier APC November 2016 7 MSE Foundation Analysis and Responsibility MSE Foundation Analysis to include: • Bearing Resistance • Global Stability • Settlement Analysis (amount, range, time, & location) • Foundation analysis and evaluation is the responsibility of the agency or geotechnical engineer of record APC November 2016 8 Gantry Crane on MSE APC November 2016 9 Bayonne Bridge Project Bayonne Bridge Navigational Clearance Project Raising Bridge Roadway Location: Bayonne, NJ & Staten Island, NY APC November 2016 10 Bayonne Bridge Project Project Location The Bayonne Bridge spans the Kill Van Kull and connects Bayonne, New Jersey with Staten Island, New York. The Kill Van Kull is a major shipping channel for cargo ships accessing the ports of Newark and Elizabeth, NJ. The Bayonne Bridge carries NY State Route 440 and New Jersey State Route 440. Connecting Perth Amboy to Jersey City. APC November 2016 11 Bayonne Bridge Project Bridge History • Construction started in 1928 and was completed in 1931. • At the time the Bayonne Bridge was the longest steel truss arch in the world. • Part of a Regional Highway transportation network serving the greater New York Metropolitan area. • Replaced ferry service between Port Richmond, NY and Bayonne, NJ. APC November 2016 12 Bayonne Bridge Project New Construction When complete, the bridge roadway will be raised by 64 ft Allowing larger container ships to access the ports APC November 2016 13 Bayonne Bridge Project Project Information Owner: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Awarded to: General Contractor: Skanska Koch / Kiewit Joint Venture Sub-Contractor: Ferreira Construction Company RECo’s Contract: (with Ferreira Const. Co.) Design and Supply: • 28,000 SF of Reinforced Earth wall - Large Rectangular Precast Panels with Galvanized Steel Strip Soil Reinforcements. • 13,000 SF of Terratrel MSE wall Temporary Wire Walls for Phasing of Construction. Design Only: • 1,075 LF of Precast Coping • 168 LF of Precast Half Connector • 1,772 LF of Precast Traffic Barrier for TL-5 Loading APC November 2016 14 Bayonne Bridge Project Reinforced Earth MSE wall with large rectangular panels 5 ½” thick precast facing panels with galvanized steel soil reinforcing strips APC November 2016 15 Bayonne Bridge Project Reinforced Earth Terratrel temporary wire wall for phasing Welded wire facings with steel soil reinforcing strips APC November 2016 16 Bayonne Bridge Project Additional Loading from Gantry Crane • Design the permanent and temporary Reinforced Earth Walls to support a large gantry crane to be used for placing precast box beams for the new viaduct. APC November 2016 17 Bayonne Bridge Project Gantry Crane Configuration INITIAL GANTRY SET UP & LAUNCH POSITION APC November 2016 18 Bayonne Bridge Project Gantry Crane Configuration PARKED GANTRY POSITION APC November 2016 19 Bayonne Bridge Project Wall 3 (New York Side) with gantry crane. APC November 2016 20 Bayonne Bridge Project Temporary Wire Wall at Wall 3 (New York Side) with gantry crane. APC November 2016 21 Bayonne Bridge Project APC November 2016 22 Bayonne Bridge Project APC November 2016 23 Bayonne Bridge Project APC November 2016 24 Bayonne Bridge Project Accommodating Settlement On the New York side, anticipated wall settlements were a concern. RECo provided slip joint panels at regular intervals to increase the ability of the wall to withstand differential settlements. Precast Slip Joint Panels APC November 2016 25 Bayonne Bridge Project Reinforced Earth Permanent Walls Temporary Walls for Phasing APC November 2016 26 Bayonne Bridge Project Reinforced Earth Design for Settlement Design for Special Loading APC November 2016 27 MSE Settlement APC November 2016 28 What is Settlement outcome for different structures? • Skeletal or Continuum Structures: • Changes in structural elements locations • Additional stresses to all structural elements and joints. • MSE Walls: • Changes in backfill and reinforcement location • Possible additional stresses to connection • Possible damage to panels APC November 2016 MSE Differential Settlement APC November 2016 Different MSE Options for Settlement APC November 2016 31 Settlement Basic Choice of System Criteria • Decide Type of wall: • Single Stage MSE wall ≤ 6” • Single Stage MSE wall built in phases 6”-18” (w/ Surcharge if necessary) • Two Stage MSE wall ˃ 18” • Single Stage MSE wall with Ground improvements • Final choice is based on project specific requirements. APC November 2016 32 Single Stage MSE Wall • Wall is built in it’s final shape with facing panels. • Dimensions for top panels are not yet defined. • Wall is surcharged if necessary. • Settlement is monitored until it stops. • Design for top panels is adjusted to account for actual and additional settlement, then are cast and placed. APC November 2016 33 Phased Construction Notes on RECo Plans S.R. 6015 Section 22 E Tioga County PA 2006 APC November 2016 34 S.R. 6015 Section 22 E Tioga County PA 2006 APC November 2016 Single Stage MSE Wall with Preload Surcharge Atlantic City Brigantine Connector 2000 APC November 2016 36 Single Stage MSE wall Branch Ave, WMATA DC 2002 Slip Joint APC November 2016 37 SETTLEMENT, INCHES -9.00 -7.00 -5.00 -3.00 -1.00 1.00 3.00 WMATABranch Ave, Max Settlement 15” 8/5/2001 8/15/2001 WMATA MSE AVENUE BRANCH YARD- - STORAGE WALL 8/25/2001 9/4/2001 FACE WALL MSE ON PLATES SETTLEMNT COL. 116 COL. 9/14/2001 APC November 2016 9/24/2001 10/4/2001 10/14/2001 DATE 10/24/2001 11/3/2001 11/13/2001 11/23/2001 12/3/2001 COL. 149 COL. 12/13/2001 12/23/2001 1/2/2002 1/12/2002 1/22/2002 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016 • Specified Two-Stage construction • RECo proposed single stage construction and received approval • Walls constructed on wick drains with preloading using Geotrel Wire Wall • Settlement in excess of 18” anticipated • Top panels determined and installed after settlement APC November 2016 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016 Wall 2 Data - 2.5 ft Settlement (Center of Embankment) APC November 2016 Belt Belt 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Wall2 Data 0 1 ParkwayBasin, Brooklyn over NY Mill 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 – APC November 2016 31 34 20” Settlement at Wall Facing 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 41 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 2016 Series1 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016 Wall 2 with Wire Wall Surcharge APC November 2016 Drainage inlets and pipes In Single Stage MSE Walls APC November 2016 43 Single Stage Phased Construction • Wall is built up to 60% or 90% to design height • Dimensions for top panels are not yet defined • Wall is surcharged if necessary • Settlement is monitored until it stops • Design for top panels is adjusted to account for actual and additional settlement, then are cast and placed. APC November 2016 44 Richmond airport, 12”± foundation settlement, wall built in two phases 2009 APC November 2016 45 Richmond airport, 12”± foundation settlement, wall built in two phases APC November 2016 46 Richmond Airport, near completion 2010 APC November 2016 47 Two Stage MSE Wall System APC November 2016 48 Two Stage Walls installation Procedures APC November 2016 49 Two Stage Wall (Under Surcharge) Atlantic City New Jersey 2001 APC November 2016 Driscoll Bridge Two Stage 2005 Two Stage Abutment, Driscoll Bridge, NJ APC November 2016 Driscoll Bridge Two Stage 2005 APC November 2016 Two Stage RT 52, Ocean City NJ 2012 APC November 2016 53 Two Stage RT 52, Ocean City NJ 2012 APC November 2016 54 MSE Wall with Ground Improvement APC November 2016 55 MSE Walls on Improved Foundation (CMC) APC November 2016 RECo Walls on Controlled Modulus Columns (CMC) APC November 2016 57 CMC : Rigid Inclusion with no spoils APC November 2016 58 Mullica River Bridge, Atlantic County New Jersey 2010 • Owner : NJTNPK Authority • Contractor : Agate Const. • Project Area: 4,831 sm • Max Height : 9.14 m • MSE designed as Two Stage and Single Stage systems with surcharge walls to expedite settlement APC November 2016 59 Mullica River Bridge, Atlantic County New Jersey 2010 RECo & Menard proposed an Alternate Design for: (Two Stage- Stone Column- Surcharge) system with (Single Stage – CMC) system.
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