MSE New Concepts and Innovations
Sherif Aziz, P.E. & James R. Sullivan P.E.
Name: APC/PennDOT Fall Seminar Date : November 2016 Presentation Layout
• Reinforced Earth, A brief History & Basic Design Principles
• MSE Gantry Crane Loading • Case Study : Bayonne Bridge, NY-NJ
• MSE Settlement • Several Case Studies
• Questions and Answers
APC November 2016 2 Reinforced Earth, a brief History
• Invented by Henri Vidal, Engineer and Architect (1924-2007) • On a beach in Ibiza 1957 while building castles of sand • Filed for a patent on March 27, 1963 • RECo USA first project 1971, HWY 39 CA • MSE is recognized as a major civil engineering innovation
APC November 2016 3 Reinforced Earth Basic Principal
• Granular backfill
• Internal friction allowing to space the reinforcement layers arch effect
• A facing linked to the reinforcement is required Local stability of backfill between 2 layers Protection against erosion
• Reinforced Earth : A composite material with artificial cohesion
APC November 2016 4 Another Composite Material: Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete Development
• Invented and patented by Joseph Monier, a French gardener 1867 (making concrete pots with embedded iron mesh) Joseph Monier • Tested and made into design theory, formulas, and methods of design by a German engineer Gustav Adolph Wayss 1879
• Used by Francois Hennebique, a French engineer in building construction 1892 (Columns, beams, floors, arches..etc)
APC November 2016 Reinforced Earth Development
1958
• Scale Models • Full Scale Tests • Measurements on Actual Projects • Experimental Walls • Finite Element Studies • Behavior of Walls Research • Development of current Design Methods
APC November 2016 MSE WALL DESIGN
B / H ≥ 0.7 External Stability Internal Stability Sliding & Overturning Tension & Pullout
Internal and External Stability design is the responsibility of the MSE supplier
APC November 2016 7 MSE Foundation Analysis and Responsibility
MSE Foundation Analysis to include:
• Bearing Resistance
• Global Stability
• Settlement Analysis (amount, range, time, & location)
• Foundation analysis and evaluation is the responsibility of the agency or geotechnical engineer of record
APC November 2016 8 Gantry Crane on MSE
APC November 2016 9 Bayonne Bridge Project
Bayonne Bridge Navigational Clearance Project Raising Bridge Roadway Location: Bayonne, NJ & Staten Island, NY
APC November 2016 10 Bayonne Bridge Project
Project Location The Bayonne Bridge spans the Kill Van Kull and connects Bayonne, New Jersey with Staten Island, New York. The Kill Van Kull is a major shipping channel for cargo ships accessing the ports of Newark and Elizabeth, NJ. The Bayonne Bridge carries NY State Route 440 and New Jersey State Route 440. Connecting Perth Amboy to Jersey City.
APC November 2016 11 Bayonne Bridge Project
Bridge History
• Construction started in 1928 and was completed in 1931. • At the time the Bayonne Bridge was the longest steel truss arch in the world. • Part of a Regional Highway transportation network serving the greater New York Metropolitan area. • Replaced ferry service between Port Richmond, NY and Bayonne, NJ.
APC November 2016 12 Bayonne Bridge Project
New Construction When complete, the bridge roadway will be raised by 64 ft Allowing larger container ships to access the ports
APC November 2016 13 Bayonne Bridge Project
Project Information
Owner: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Awarded to:
General Contractor: Skanska Koch / Kiewit Joint Venture Sub-Contractor: Ferreira Construction Company
RECo’s Contract: (with Ferreira Const. Co.)
Design and Supply: • 28,000 SF of Reinforced Earth wall - Large Rectangular Precast Panels with Galvanized Steel Strip Soil Reinforcements. • 13,000 SF of Terratrel MSE wall Temporary Wire Walls for Phasing of Construction.
Design Only: • 1,075 LF of Precast Coping • 168 LF of Precast Half Connector • 1,772 LF of Precast Traffic Barrier for TL-5 Loading
APC November 2016 14 Bayonne Bridge Project
Reinforced Earth MSE wall with large rectangular panels 5 ½” thick precast facing panels with galvanized steel soil reinforcing strips
APC November 2016 15 Bayonne Bridge Project
Reinforced Earth Terratrel temporary wire wall for phasing Welded wire facings with steel soil reinforcing strips
APC November 2016 16 Bayonne Bridge Project
Additional Loading from Gantry Crane • Design the permanent and temporary Reinforced Earth Walls to support a large gantry crane to be used for placing precast box beams for the new viaduct.
APC November 2016 17 Bayonne Bridge Project
Gantry Crane Configuration INITIAL GANTRY SET UP & LAUNCH POSITION
APC November 2016 18 Bayonne Bridge Project
Gantry Crane Configuration PARKED GANTRY POSITION
APC November 2016 19 Bayonne Bridge Project
Wall 3 (New York Side) with gantry crane.
APC November 2016 20 Bayonne Bridge Project
Temporary Wire Wall at Wall 3 (New York Side) with gantry crane.
APC November 2016 21 Bayonne Bridge Project
APC November 2016 22 Bayonne Bridge Project
APC November 2016 23 Bayonne Bridge Project
APC November 2016 24 Bayonne Bridge Project
Accommodating Settlement
On the New York side, anticipated wall settlements were a concern. RECo provided slip joint panels at regular intervals to increase the ability of the wall to withstand differential settlements.
Precast Slip Joint Panels
APC November 2016 25 Bayonne Bridge Project
Reinforced Earth
Permanent Walls Temporary Walls for Phasing
APC November 2016 26 Bayonne Bridge Project
Reinforced Earth
Design for Settlement
Design for Special Loading
APC November 2016 27 MSE Settlement
APC November 2016 28 What is Settlement outcome for different structures?
• Skeletal or Continuum Structures: • Changes in structural elements locations • Additional stresses to all structural elements and joints.
• MSE Walls: • Changes in backfill and reinforcement location • Possible additional stresses to connection • Possible damage to panels
APC November 2016 MSE Differential Settlement
APC November 2016 Different MSE Options for Settlement
APC November 2016 31 Settlement Basic Choice of System Criteria
• Decide Type of wall:
• Single Stage MSE wall ≤ 6”
• Single Stage MSE wall built in phases 6”-18” (w/ Surcharge if necessary)
• Two Stage MSE wall ˃ 18”
• Single Stage MSE wall with Ground improvements
• Final choice is based on project specific requirements.
APC November 2016 32 Single Stage MSE Wall
• Wall is built in it’s final shape with facing panels.
• Dimensions for top panels are not yet defined.
• Wall is surcharged if necessary.
• Settlement is monitored until it stops.
• Design for top panels is adjusted to account for actual and additional settlement, then are cast and placed.
APC November 2016 33 Phased Construction Notes on RECo Plans S.R. 6015 Section 22 E Tioga County PA 2006
APC November 2016 34 S.R. 6015 Section 22 E Tioga County PA 2006
APC November 2016 Single Stage MSE Wall with Preload Surcharge Atlantic City Brigantine Connector 2000
APC November 2016 36 Single Stage MSE wall Branch Ave, WMATA DC 2002
Slip Joint
APC November 2016 37 WMATA Branch Ave, Max Settlement 15”
WMATA - BRANCH AVENUE STORAGE YARD - MSE WALL SETTLEMNT PLATES ON MSE WALL FACE 8/5/2001 8/15/2001 8/25/2001 9/4/2001 9/14/2001 9/24/2001 10/4/2001 10/14/2001 10/24/2001 11/3/2001 11/13/2001 11/23/2001 12/3/2001 12/13/2001 12/23/2001 1/2/2002 1/12/2002 1/22/2002 3.00
1.00
-1.00
-3.00
-5.00 SETTLEMENT, INCHES SETTLEMENT,
-7.00
-9.00 DATE COL. 116 COL. 149
APC November 2016 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016
• Specified Two-Stage construction
• RECo proposed single stage construction and received approval
• Walls constructed on wick drains with preloading using Geotrel Wire Wall
• Settlement in excess of 18” anticipated
• Top panels determined and installed after settlement
APC November 2016 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016 Wall 2 Data - 2.5 ft Settlement (Center of Embankment)
APC November 2016 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016 Wall 2 Data – 20” Settlement at Wall Facing
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 Series1
0.2
0.1
0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100
APC November 2016 41 Belt Parkway over Mill Basin, Brooklyn NY 2016 Wall 2 with Wire Wall Surcharge
APC November 2016 Drainage inlets and pipes In Single Stage MSE Walls
APC November 2016 43 Single Stage Phased Construction
• Wall is built up to 60% or 90% to design height
• Dimensions for top panels are not yet defined
• Wall is surcharged if necessary
• Settlement is monitored until it stops
• Design for top panels is adjusted to account for actual and additional settlement, then are cast and placed.
APC November 2016 44 Richmond airport, 12”± foundation settlement, wall built in two phases 2009
APC November 2016 45 Richmond airport, 12”± foundation settlement, wall built in two phases
APC November 2016 46 Richmond Airport, near completion 2010
APC November 2016 47 Two Stage MSE Wall System
APC November 2016 48 Two Stage Walls installation Procedures
APC November 2016 49 Two Stage Wall (Under Surcharge) Atlantic City New Jersey 2001
APC November 2016 Driscoll Bridge Two Stage 2005
Two Stage Abutment, Driscoll Bridge, NJ
APC November 2016 Driscoll Bridge Two Stage 2005
APC November 2016 Two Stage RT 52, Ocean City NJ 2012
APC November 2016 53 Two Stage RT 52, Ocean City NJ 2012
APC November 2016 54 MSE Wall with Ground Improvement
APC November 2016 55 MSE Walls on Improved Foundation (CMC)
APC November 2016 RECo Walls on Controlled Modulus Columns (CMC)
APC November 2016 57 CMC : Rigid Inclusion with no spoils
APC November 2016 58 Mullica River Bridge, Atlantic County New Jersey 2010
• Owner : NJTNPK Authority
• Contractor : Agate Const.
• Project Area: 4,831 sm
• Max Height : 9.14 m
• MSE designed as Two Stage and Single Stage systems with surcharge walls to expedite settlement
APC November 2016 59 Mullica River Bridge, Atlantic County New Jersey 2010
RECo & Menard proposed an Alternate Design for:
(Two Stage- Stone Column- Surcharge) system with
(Single Stage – CMC) system.
Alternate Design approved and installation completed in 2010
APC November 2016 60 Mullica River Bridge , GSP NJ RECo Walls on CMCs 2010
APC November 2016 61 Mullica River Bridge , GSP NJ 2010
APC November 2016 62 LTP Location and effect on lower levels of reinforcements Bass River Bridge NJ MSE Wall on CMC 2012
APC November 2016 63 Bass River Bridge, NJ MSE Wall Instrumentation
APC November 2016 64 Insert a picture here
INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE CONFERENCE Pittsburgh, 2013
IBC 13-83 FULL SCALE LOAD TEST PROGRAM FOR SUPPORT OF MSE WALL USING RIGID INCLUSIONS / CMC IN NEW JERSEY Frederic MASSE – Alex POTTER-WEIGHT MENARD USA Sherif AZIZ – John SANKEY – Susan RAFALKO REINFORED EARTH Mike WALKER – Mary NODINE GEI CONSULTANTS Loads and Stresses
• Stresses are concentrated directly above the CMCs as they attract most of the wall load.
PAPER IBC 13-83 – International Bridge Conference – Pittsburgh 2013 Strains and Deformations
• Ground directly above CMCs showed smaller deformations and in between CMCs the deformations were larger
• Strains in bottom strips are tolerable and additional reinforcement is not required • LTP performed as expected • Deformations are close to uniform at the top of the LTP
PAPER IBC 13-83 – International Bridge Conference – Pittsburgh 2013 Conclusions
• MSE walls are flexible
• Several options are available for MSE walls depending on the amount of settlements
• Settlement considerations have to be tailored to every project specific requirements and needs
• Ground improvement methods should be considered for MSE walls with large settlements
• Design of MSE walls supported by ground improvements like CMCs have to be coordinated between MSE and CMC designers
APC November 2016 68 Thank you
Questions and Answers THANK YOU, QUESTION??
APC November 2016 69