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Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: a Primer
U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Fossil Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory April 2009 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer Work Performed Under DE-FG26-04NT15455 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory Prepared by Ground Water Protection Council Oklahoma City, OK 73142 405-516-4972 www.gwpc.org and ALL Consulting Tulsa, OK 74119 918-382-7581 www.all-llc.com April 2009 MODERN SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: A PRIMER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under Award Number DE‐FG26‐ 04NT15455. Mr. Robert Vagnetti and Ms. Sandra McSurdy, NETL Project Managers, provided oversight and technical guidance. -
Columnals (PDF)
2248 22482 2 4 V. INDEX OF COLUMNALS 8 Remarks: In this section the stratigraphic range given under the genus is the compiled range of all named species based solely on columnals assigned to the genus. It should be noted that this range may and often differs considerably from the range given under the same genus in Section I, because that range is based on species identified on cups or crowns. All other abbreviations and format follow that of Section I. Generic names followed by the type species are based on columnals. Genera, not followed by the type species, are based on cups and crowns as given in Section I. There are a number of unlisted columnal taxa from the literature that are indexed as genera recognized on cups and crowns. Bassler and Moodey (1943) did not index columnal taxa that were not new names or identified genera with the species unnamed. I have included some of the omissions of Bassler and Moodey, but have not made a search of the extensive literature specifically for the omitted citations because of time constraints. Many of these unlisted taxa are illustrated in the early state surveys of the eastern and central United States. Many of the columnal species assigned to genera based on cups or crowns are incorrect assignments. An uncertain, but significant, number of the columnal genera are synonyms of other columnal genera as they are based on different parts of the stem of a single taxon. Also a number of the columnal genera are synonyms of genera based on cups and crowns as they come from more distal parts of the stem not currently known to be associated with the cup or crown. -
X Hydrogeologic Framework and Geochemistry of Ground Water
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE WATER-RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS REPORT 02-4123 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY, SOUTHERN DIVISION, SHEET 1 of 3 NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND Taylor. C.J., and Hostettler, F.D., 2002, Hydrogeologic Framework and Geochemistry of Ground Water and Petroleum in the Silurian-Devonian Carbonate Aquifer, South-Central Louisville, Kentucky science USGSfor a changing world INTRODUCTION (A) (B) (C) (D) Previously published investigations concerning the ground-water resources HOLE DIAMETER, ACOUSTIC HOLE DIAMETER. ACOUSTIC HOLE DIAMETER. ACOUSTIC HOLE DIAMETER, ACOUSTIC of the city of Louisville and Jefferson County, Kentucky, have mostly focused on IN INCHES LITHOLOGY TELEVIEWER IN INCHES LITHOLOGY TELEVIEWER IN INCHES LITHOLOGY TELEVIEWER IN INCHES LITHOLOGY TELEVIEWER the highly productive Ohio River alluvial aquifer (Rorabaugh, 1956; Walker, 1957; Bell. 1966: Unthank and others, 1995). In contrast, relatively little attention has been given to the Ordovician and Silurian-Devonian carbonate aquifers that 10h X 10.4 underlie much of the Louisville and Jefferson County area (fig. I) because of their limited potential for water-supply development (Palmquist and Hall, 1960). LLJ LU O O However, detailed information about the ground-water quality and hydrogeology of £ the carbonate aquifer is needed by State and Federal environmental regulators and o: a: ^ ID private consultants for planning and conducting local environmental t,ite 5% CO C/3 t. * assessments and ground-water remediation. The Silurian-Devonian carbonate Q Q aquifer is of particular interest because it underlies much of the urbanized and 40;: 72%- industrialized areas of the city of Louisville, exhibits moderately well-developed NF karst, and is potentially vulnerable to human-induced contamination. -
Le Silurien Du Synclinorium De Moncorvo (Ne Du Portugal): Biostratigraphie Et Importance Paléogéographique
LE SILURIEN DU SYNCLINORIUM DE MONCORVO (NE DU PORTUGAL): BIOSTRATIGRAPHIE ET IMPORTANCE PALÉOGÉOGRAPHIQUE GRACIELA NOEMI SARMIENTO, JOSÉ MANDEL PIÇARRA, JOSÉ ALMEIDA REBELO, MICHEL ROBARDET, JUAN CARLOS GUTIÉRREZ-MARCO, PETR STORCH & ISABEL RABANO SARMIENTO G.N., PIÇARRA, REBELO J.A., ROBARDET M., GUTIÉRREZ-MARCO J.C., STORCH P. & RABANO I. 1999. Le Silurien du synclinorium de Moncorvo (NE du Portugal): biostratigraphie et importance paléogéogra- phique. [The Silurian of the Moncorvo synclinorium (NE Portugal): biostratigraphy and paleogeographical impor- tance]. GEOBIOS, 32, 5: 749-767. Villeurbanne, le 31.10.1999. RÉSUMÉ - Dans la succession silurienne du synclinorium de Moncorvo (NW de la Zone Centre Ibérique, Portugal), des lentilles calcaires ont livré, dans deux localités distinctes, les premiers conodontes siluriens du Portugal. Dans la première localité, Kockelella cf. uariabilis, K. cf. absidata, Ozarkodina confluens, Oz. excauata et Pseudooneotod us beckmanni indiquent le Ludlow s.l. (ou peut-être le Wenlock supérieur ou terminal). Dans la seconde, Oulod us ele- gans, O. cf. cristagalli et Ozarkodina ex gr. remscheidensis indiquent le Pridoli, ce que confirme la présence, dans le même gisement, de scyphocrinoïdes du genre Scyphocrinites, et en particulier les lobolithes à cirrhes. Dans les schistes noirs à nodules sous-jacents aux calcaires, des graptolites montrent l'existence de niveaux du Llandovery moyen et supérieur (Aéronien et Télychien) et du Wenlock. La succession silurienne de Moncorvo apparaît ainsi comme une séquence condensée, analogue, en particulier, à celles qui existent dans la Zone d'Ossa Morena, en Sardaigne et dans certaines régions d'Afrique du Nord. Ces successions sont bien différentes de celles qui caracté- risent les régions centrales et méridionales de la Zone Centre Ibérique où, dans leur partie supérieure, les dépôts siluriens, de faible profondeur, sont beaucoup plus épais et plus riches en matériel terrigène grossier. -
Geology for Environmental Planning . in Marion County
GEOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING . GEOLOGY--:~ .\RY IN MARION COUNTY, INDIANA SURVEY Special Report 19 c . 3 State of)pdiana Department of N'.atural Resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN B. PATION, State Geologist MAURICE E. BIGGS, Assistant State Geologist MARY BETH FOX, Mineral Statistician COAL AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS SECTION GEOLOGY SECTION DONALD D. CARR, Geologist and Head ROBERT H. SHAVER, Paleontologist and Head CURTIS H. AULT, Geologist and Associate Head HENRY H. GRAY, Head Stratigrapher PEl-YUAN CHEN, Geologist N. K. BLEUER, Glacial Geologist DONALD L. EGGERT, Geologist EDWIN J. HARTKE, Environmental Geologist GORDON S. FRASER, Geologist JOHN R. HILL, Glacial Geologist DENVER HARPER, Geologist CARL B. REXROAD, Paleontologist WALTER A. HASENMUELLER, Geologist NELSON R. SHAFFER, Geologist GEOPHYSICS SECTION PAUL IRWIN, Geological Assistant MAURICE E. BIGGS, Geophysicist and Head ROBERT F. BLAKELY, Geophysicist JOSEPH F. WHALEY, Geophysicist DRAFTINGANDPHOTOGRAPHYSECTION JOHN R. HELMS, Driller WILLIAM H. MORAN, Chief Draftsman and Head SAMUEL L. RIDDLE, Geophysical Assistant RICHARDT. HILL, Geological Draftsman ROGER L. PURCELL, Senior Geological Draftsman PETROLEUM SECTION GEORGE R. RINGER, Photographer G. L. CARPENTER, Geologist and Head WILBUR E. STALIONS, Artist-Draftsman ANDREW J. HREHA, Geologist BRIAN D. KEITH, Geologist EDUCATIONAL SERVICES SECTION STANLEY J. KELLER, Geologist R. DEE RARICK, Geologist and Head DAN M. SULLIVAN, Geologist JAMES T. CAZEE, Geological Assistant -
Preliminary Hydrogeologic Evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch Region For
PRELIMINARY HYDROGEOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE CINCINNATI ARCH REGION FOR UNDERGROUND HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, AND OHIO By Orville B. Lloyd, Jr., and Robert W. Davis U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4098 Raleigh, North Carolina 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information, Copies of this report can contact: be purchased from: Chief, Branch of Nuclear Waste Hydrology Books and Open-File Reports U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey National Center, Mail Stop 410 Federal Center, Building 810 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Box 25425 Reston, Virginia 22092 Denver, Colorado 80225 or District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Post Office Box 2857 Raleigh, North Carolina 27602 Telephone: (919) 856-4510 CONTENTS Page Abstract. ............................... 1 Introduction. ............................. 2 Background ............................ 2 Purpose and scope. ........................ 4 Previous investigations. ..................... 4 Acknowledgments.......................... 6 Methods of investigation. ....................... 6 Hydrogeology of the sedimentary rocks ................. 8 General geology. ......................... 8 Hydrogeologic framework. ..................... 14 Basal sandstone aquifer ................... 14 Potential confining unit. .................. 17 Distribution and source of freshwater, saline water, and brine. ........................... 19 Ground-water occurrence and -
Xerox University Microfilms
information t o u s e r s This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of usefs indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
The Silurian of Central Kentucky, U.S.A.: Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironments and Palaeoecology
The Silurian of central Kentucky, U.S.A.: Stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology FRANK R. ETTENSOHN, R. THOMAS LIERMAN, CHARLES E. MASON, WILLIAM M. ANDREWS, R. TODD HENDRICKS, DANIEL J. PHELPS & LAWRENCE A. GORDON ETTENSOHN, F.R., LIERMAN, R.T., MASON, C.E., ANDREWS, W.M., HENDRICKS, R.T., PHELPS, D.J. & GORDON, L.A., 2013:04:26. The Silurian of central Kentucky, U.S.A.: Stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 44, 159-189. ISSN 0810-8889. Silurian rocks in Kentucky are exposed on the eastern and western flanks of the Cincinnati Arch, a large-wavelength cratonic structure separating the Appalachian foreland basin from the intracratonic Illinois Basin. The Cincinnati Arch area experienced uplift during latest Ordovician-early Silurian time, so that the exposed Silurian section is relatively thin due to onlap and post- Silurian erosional truncation on the arch. On both flanks of the arch, dolomitic carbonates predominate, but the section on the eastern side reflects a more shale-rich ramp that faced eastern Appalachian source areas. In the Silurian section on the western side of the arch, which apparently developed across a platform-like isolation-accommodation zone, shales are rare except dur- ing some highstand episodes, and rocks in the area reflect deposition across a broad, low-gradient shelf area, interrupted by structurally controlled topographic breaks. Using the progression of interpreted depositional environments and nearshore faunal communities, a relative sea-level curve, which parallels those of previous workers, was generated for the section in Kentucky. While the curve clearly shows the influence of glacial eustasy, distinct indications of the far-field, flexural influence of Taconian and Salinic tectonism are also present. -
Airphoto Interpretation of Engineering Soils of Interstate Route I-64
AIRPHOTO INTERPRETATION OF ENGINEERING SOILS OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY ROUTE 64 BETWEEN SCALESVILLE AND NEW ALBANY IN WARRICK, SPENCER, DUBOIS, PERRY, CRAWFORD, HARRISON AND FLOYD COUNTIES, INDIANA SEPTEMBER 1965 NO. 24 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation; Indiana Department of Transportation http://www.archive.org/details/airphotointerpre6524yehp Progress Report AIRPHOTO INTERPRETATION OF EKGIMEERIKG SOILS INTERSTATE ROUTE 1-64? BETWEEN SCALESVILLE AND NEW ALBANY IN WARRICK, SPENCER, DUBOIS, PERSY, CRAWFORD, HARRISON AND FLOYD COUNTIES, INDIANA Tos G. A. Leonards, Director Joint Highway Research Project September 24, 1965 Frooj H. L Michael, Associate Director Files 1-5-5 Joint Highway Research Project Project: C-36-51E The steadied report entitled "Airphoto Interpretation of Engineering Soils of Interstate Route 1-64 between Scalesville and New Albany in Warrick, Spencer, Dubois, Perry, Crawford, Harrison and Floyd Counties, Indiana," completes the project concerned with engineering soils napping of the Interstate system from aerial photographs This project was prepared as a part of an investigation conducted by Joint Highway Research Project in cooperation with the Indiana State Highway Coaaisslon, the Bureau of Public Roadn and the Soil Conservation Service. The report was prepared by P. T. Yeh Research Engineer, Joint Highway Research Project The soil mapping of 1-64 between Scslesville and flew Albany was done entirely by airphoto interpretation technique To Increase the value, the soil strip nap was prepared on a photographic base with annotation to show soil areas The generalized soil profiles were .prepared from the available literature. Respectfully submitted. ?/? 7*~A~S H. L. -
View of Pa Element, OSU 41751, X 28, Collection
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing theUMI World’s Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8820S06 Taxonomy and biostratigraphic significance of Wenlockian and Ludlovian (Silurian) conodonts in the midcontinent outcrop area, North America Kleffner, Mark Alan, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. -
Ordovician, Silurian, and Middle Devonian Stratigraphy in Northwestern Kentucky and Southern Indiana-Some Reinterpretations
MISCELLANEOUS REPORT NO. 6 ORDOVICIAN, SILURIAN, AND MIDDLE DEVONIAN STRATIGRAPHY IN NORTHWESTERN KENTUCKY AND SOUTHERN INDIANA-SOME REINTERPRETATIONS by James E. Conkin, Barbara M. Conkin, and John Kubacko, Jr. .. • ' .•·"· DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4383 FOUNTAIN SQUARE DRIVE COLUMBUS, OHIO 43224-1362 (614) 265-6576 (Voice) (614) 265-6994 {TDD) (614) 447-1918 (FAX) OHIO GEOLOGY ADVISORY COUNCIL Dr. E. Scott Bair, representing Hydrogeology Mr. Mark R. Rowland, representing Environmental Geology Dr. J. Barry Maynard, representing At-Large Citizens Dr. Lon C. Ruedisili, representing Higher Education Mr. Michael T. Puskarich, representing Coal Mr. Gary W. Sitler, representing Oil and Gas Mr. Robert A. Wilkinson, representing Industrial Minerals SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTRATION (614) 265-6576 Thomas M. Berg, MS, State Geologist and Division Chief Robert G. Van Hom, MS, Assistant State Geologist and Assistant Division Chief Michael C. Hansen, PhD, Senior Geologist, Ohio Geology Editor, and Geohazards Officer James M . Miller, BA, Fiscal Officer Sharon L. Stone, AD, Executive Secretary REGIONAL GEOLOGY SECTION (614) 265-6597 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SECTION (614) 265-6593 Dennis N. Hull, MS, Geologist Manager and Section Head Merrianne Hackathorn, MS, Geologist and Editor Jean M. Lesher, Typesetting and Printing Technician Paleozoic Geology and Mapping Subsection (614) 265-6473 Edward V. Kuehnle, BA, Cartographer Edward Mac Swinford, MS, Geologist Supervisor Michael R. Lester, BS, Cartographer Glenn E. Larsen, MS, Geologist Robert L. Stewart, Cartographer Gregory A. Schumacher, MS, Geologist Lisa Van Doren, BA, Cartographer Douglas L. Shrake, MS, Geologist Ernie R. Slucher, MS, Geologist PUBLICATIONS CENTER (614) 265-6605 Quaternary Geology and Mapping Subsection (614) 265-6599 Garry E. -
Division of Geology Crushed Stone in Indiana
STATE OF INDIANA HENRY F. SCHRICKER, GOVERNOR DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION KENNETH M. KUNKEL, DIRECTOR INDIANAPOLIS DIVISION OF GEOLOGY CHARLES F. DEISS, STATE GEOLOGIST BLOOMINGTON ______________________________________ REPORT OF PROGRESS NO. 3 ________________ CRUSHED STONE IN INDIANA BY JOHN B. PATTON PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA __________ BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA APRIL 1949 STATE OF INDIANA HENRY F. SCHRICKER, GOVERNOR DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION KENNETH M. KUNKEL, DIRECTOR INDIANAPOLIS DIVISION OF GEOLOGY CHARLES F. DEISS, STATE GEOLOGIST BLOOMINGTON ____________________________________ REPORT OF PROGRESS NO. 3 ________________________________________________________________________ CRUSHED STONE IN INDIANA by JOHN B. PATTON PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA _______________________ BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA APRIL 1949 ___________________________________ For sale by the Division of Geology, Indiana Department of Conservation Bloomington, Indiana Price $ .50 CONTENTS Page Introduction . 1 Limestones quarried in southern Indiana. 2 Saluda limestone . 2 Whitewater formation. 3 Elkhorn formation. 3 Brassfield limestone . 3 Osgood formation . 4 Laurel limestone . 4 Louisville limestone . 4 Geneva dolomite . 5 Jeffersonville limestone . 5 Speed limestone. 6 Silver Creek limestone . 6 Beechwood limestone . 6 Borden reef material . 6 Harrodsburg lim stone . 7 Salem limestone . 7 St. Louis limestone . 8 Ste. Genevieve limestone. 8 Aux Vases sandstone. 9 Paoli limestone . 9 Beaver Bend limestone . 9 Beech Creek limestone. 9 Glen Dean limestone . 10 “Minshall limestone” . 10 “Maria Creek limestone” . 10 i Page Limestones quarried in northern Indiana. 11 Middle Ordovician rocks . 11 Mississinewa shale . 11 Liston Creek formation . 12 Huntington dolomite. 12 Kokomo limestone. 13 Kenneth limestone . 13 Devonian limestone (undifferentiated) . 14 Indiana crushed stone quarries . 14 Analyses . 40 Bibliography. 46 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate 1. Quarries producing crushed stone in Indiana .