Why Love Leads to Justice: Love Across the Boundaries David A

Home , The Ascent of F6

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12910-8 - Why Love Leads to Justice: Love Across the Boundaries David A. J. Richards Index More information

Index

abolitionism, radical antebellum, 126 androgyny, 180 Abraham (and Isaac), 62, 64 Angel in the House (Woolf), 196 adultery Anna (On the Frontier), 99 Adams (Clover) and, 188 Another Country (Baldwin), 155, 156, 157, 164, Adams (Henry), 188 165–167, 215 British common law and, 22 Anselm, 115 Harewood (Seventh Earl of), 71 anti-discrimination, 26 Hickok (Lorena), 189 anti-miscegenation laws, 129, 160, 173, incendiary, 189 202 Lewes-Eliot, 209 anti-Semitism, 4, 25, 53 Nicolson (Harold), 29 Auden and, 114 of the brain, 40 inﬂuences on, 115 patriarchy and, 16, 18, 209 Benedict and, 206 19th century Britain v. 17th century New Boas and, 196, 202 England, 22 Christian, 7 Prynne (Hester), 18–22 T. S. Eliot and, 115 Roosevelt (Eleanor), 189 European, 24, 83 Roosevelt (Franklin D.), 187 German racist, 193, 199 Roosevelt-Hickok, 189 Hitler and, 37 sack punishment for, 18 intolerance and, 128, 129 Sackville-West (Vita), 29 Roosevelt (Eleanor) and, 189 Taylor (Harriet), 26 secular, 7 Taylor-Mill, 26, 209 Apuleius, 38 Aeneid (Vergil), 112 Arendt, Hannah, 107, 122, 214 Aeschylus, 13 art, power of, 231 Age of Anxiety, The (Auden), 120, 121, 122, Arthur (Just Above My Head), 155, 168 Albert Herring (Britten), 58, 64, 65 Ascent of F6, The (Auden), 98, 99 Aldeburgh Music Festival, 49 Aschenbach, Gustav, 67–70, 71 All the Conspirators (Isherwood), 74, 84 Ascher, Dr. Robert, 142, 144, 148 alloparents (Hrdy), 220 Athens, 13 Alonzo (If Beale Street Could Talk), 169 Auden, Constance Rosalie (Bicknell), 96, 107 Ambrose of Milan, 110 Auden, George Augustus, 96 Amen Corner, The (Baldwin), 162, 169 Auden, John, 106 America Auden, W. H. (Wystan Hugh), 1, 4, 7, 32–33, 54, 66, Auden and, 154 95–123, 211 Isherwood and, 154 as Mother, 117 American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 207 Britten and, 31, 46–50, 95, 120 American Friends Committee (AFSC), 137 Isherwood and, 49, 85–86, 95, 96–97, Ammu (The God of Small Things), 17 213 247

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12910-8 - Why Love Leads to Justice: Love Across the Boundaries David A. J. Richards Index More information

248 Index

Auden, W. H. (Wystan Hugh) (cont.) Black Panthers, 167 Kallman and, 33, 36, 86, 95, 105–107, 113–114, 116, blacks 117–118 dehumanization of, 130 relationship with his parents, 108 stereotypic Augustine of Hippo, 109–114, 129 idealization and, 150, 157, 161 Augustine of Hippo (Brown), 109 rapacious sexuality and, 160, 161, 174 Augustus, 13, 18 Bloomsbury Group, 3, 6, 29–30, 31 Aunt Sarah (The World in the Evening), 88 Blues for Mister Charlie (Baldwin), 171, 172 autonomy, right of, 26 Boas, Franz, 191, 192–193, 202, 216 On Liberty and, 27 Boleyn, Anne (Elizabeth and Essex), 65 patriarchy and, 209 Bottom (Midsummer Night’s Dream), 65 Bowles, Sally (Mr. Norris Changes Trains), 82 Babylonia, 13 Bradshaw, William (Mr. Norris Changes Trains), 82 Bach, Sheldon, 116 Brando, Marlon, 167, 168 Bachardy, Don, 33, 76, 85, 88–92, 212 Brecht, Bertolt, 98 Baker, Ella, 176 Brent, Linda (Incidents in the Life of a Baker, Josephine, 180 Slave Girl), 130 Baldwin, Berdis (Jones), 151 Brett, Philip, 51 Baldwin, David, 151, 167, 168 Briscoe, Lily (To the Lighthouse), 38 Baldwin, James, 4, 6, 7, 10, 125, 182, 214–215, 219, Britten, Benjamin, 7, 10, 31, 185, 210–211 221–222, 224 Auden and, 31, 32, 46–50 Delaney and, 153 Forster and, 65–67 Happersberger and, 155–156, 157, 159, 180, 222 Pears and, 33, 46, 47–50, 90, 91, 95 ML King, Jr. and, 172–173 relationship with his parents, 108 relationship with his parents, 150, 151–152, 157, Britten, Lyle (Blues for Mister Charlie), 171 217, 226 Brooten, Benadette, 183 Worth and, 153–154 Brown v. Board of Education, 207 Barbara (Tell Me How Long the Trains Been Brown, John, 135 Gone), 167 Brown, Peter, 109 Bassarids, The (Auden/Kallman), 118 Bulstrode (Peter Grimes), 59 Bateson, Gregory, 197 Burning Fiery Furnace, The (Britten), 58, 64 Bayle, Pierre, 128 Burroughs, William, 31 Beavis, Anthony (Eyeless in Gaza), 44 Bush, George W., 231 Bell, Julian, 39 Butler, Josephine, 39 Benedict, Beatrice, 191 Benedict, Ruth, 4, 8, 186, 191–192, 200–205, 224 Cabaret, 90 Baldwin and, 206–207 Caliban (The Tempest), 120 Boas and, 193 Capacity to Be Alone, The (Winnicott), 76 contribution of, 200–208 Capouya, Emile, 152 Mead and, 189–190, 193–198, 206 Carpenter, Edward, 48, 81 relationship with her parents, 195, 197, 217 Cass (Another Country), 157, 165 Benedict, Stanley, 192, 194 caste, 17 berdache, 201 Cather, Willa, 185 Berlin, 210 Cavalieri, Tommaso dei, 50 Auden and, 80, 97 celibacy Isherwood and, 4, 80–94, 100, 211 Auden and, 113 Berlin Stories, The (Isherwood), 82, 84, 90, 92, 212 Augustine of Hippo and, 113 Berlin, Isaiah, 72 Epistle to the Romans and, 110 Bernstein, Leonard, 50, 106 Ghandhi and, 113 Billy Budd (Britten), 31, 55, 58, 62, 65–67, 71, 211 Heard and, 93, 94 Birth of Pleasure, The (Gilligan), 75 Isherwood and, 93 Bishop, Elizabeth, 184 Tolstoy and, 113 Black Christopher (Tell Me How Long the Trains Chamberlain, Neville, 39 Been Gone), 168 Charlotte (A Single Man), 91

Index 249

Child, Lydia Maria, 128, 129, 132 dignity, 26, 220 Chillingworth, Roger (The Scarlett Letter), 19 equality and, 25 China, 13 ethical, 10 Christianity Dimmesdale, Arthur (The Scarlett Letter), 18 Auden and, 109, 115 disassociation, 225 Augustine of Hippo and, 110, 115 American, 165 Baldwin and, 163 Baldwin and, 165 Christopher and His Kind (Isherwood), 33, 82, 85, ethical intelligence and, 53 90, 92, 94, 213 gender binary and, 53, 145 Chrysanthemum and the Sword, The (Benedict), gender stereotypes and, 15 203, 206 hierarchy and, 145 Chu, Judy, 16, 45, 53, 218 patriarchal, 5, 53, 166 Churchill, Winston, 39 Auden and, 116 City of God, The (Augustine of Hippo), 112 breaking, 198 Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965, 147 Isherwood and, 92 Claggart, John (Billy Budd), 66 Orwell and, 120 Clark, Septima, 176 reality and, 15 Cleaver, Eldridge, 174 Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the Prison Collatinus (Rape of Lucretia), 59 (Foucault), 225, 228 Coming of Age in Samoa (Mead), 198 dissociation (deﬁned), 14 compliance, false (Ferenczi), 15 divided self, Benedict and, 191, 192, 217 Confessions (Augustine of Hippo), 110 Dog Beneath the Skin, The (Auden), 98 conscience, right of, 26, 128 Dorothea (Middlemarch), 23 Coriolanus, 99 Douglass, Frederick, 127, 133, 134, Corydon (Gide), 178 Down by the River (Isherwood/Bachardy), 90 Crabbe, George, 33, 52, 65 Down There on a Visit (Isherwood), 90 Cressman, Luther, 197 Dr. Flint (Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl), 130 Crewe, Sir Francis (The Dog Beneath the Skin), 99 Dreyfus Affair, 24 Crozier, Eric, 66 DuBois, Blanche (Streetcar Named Desire), 181 Cullen, Countee, 152 cult of grief (Benedict), 200 Edith (The Welcome Table), 180 Curlew River (Britten), 58, 64 Egypt, 13 Eliot, George (Marian Evans), 22, 23–24, 189, 209 D’Emilio, John, 136, 139, 142 Eliot, T. S., 115 Dalloway, Clarissa, 37 Elisha (Go Tell It on the Mountain), 160 Daniel Deronda (Eliot), 23, 24 Elizabeth and Essex. A Tragic History Darwall, Stephen, 220 (Strachey), 65 David (Giovanni’s Room), 156, 163 Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 65 de Acosta, Mercedes, 184 Emergency Peace Campaign, 137 de Macedo Soares, Lota, 184 Ends and Means (Huxley), 42 Dear, though the night is gone (Auden), 100 Epistle to the Romans, 110 Death in Venice (Britten), 31, 57, 58, 65, 67–70, equality 71, 231 Auden and, 213 Deborah (Go Tell It on the Mountain), 161 Baldwin and, 223 Defert, Daniel, 226, 227 Benedict and, 197 Delaney, Beauford, 153, 215 Benedict/Mead and, 197 democracy Britten/Pears and, 196, 211 constitutional, 27 democratic, 3 Forster and, 43 dignity and, 25 liberal, 202 patriarchy and, 3, 57 patriarchy and, 14 racial, 148, 157 values of, 40 women’s, 87 Diamond, Jared, 13 Eric (Another Country), 157, 165 Dickie (The Talented Mr. Ripley), 185 Eric (On the Frontier), 99

250 Index

Essex, Second Earl of (Robert Devereux, 65 Garbo, Greta, 185 Esther (Go Tell It on the Mountain), 162 Garrison, Abijah, 131, 148 ethics, Kantian, 220 Garrison, Frances Lloyd, 131 Evans, Marian (George Eliot), 7, 23–24 Garrison, Helen, 134 Evers, Medgar, 167, 170 Garrison, William Lloyd, 126–136, 195 Eyeless in Gaza (Huxley), 44 patriarchal violence resistance and, 136, 182 Rustin and, 126–127 Fair Employment Practices Committee, 140 Garrison, William Llyod, 189 Farewell to Arms, A (Hemingway), 37 gay Farmer, James, 139 love, 4, 7, 182, 231 Farnham, Martha, 131 Baldwin and, 156, 207 fascism Benedict and, 206, 207 Benedict and, 202, 206 Britten and, 46 Forster and, 42 Forster and, 43 homophobia and, 230 human rights and, 43, 69 humiliated manhood and, 39 Isherwood and, 85 imperialistic, 37, 189 Rustin and, 146, 214 Isherwood and, 44 marriage, 71, 214, 231 patriarchal authority and, 15 rights, 229 roots of violent, 39 Baldwin and, 177 Woolf and, 37, 41 Bloomsbury Group and, 30 Federal Emergency Relief Association, 188 Isherwood and, 7, 33, 92, 94 Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), 139 Rustin and, 149 feminism, 229 universal rights and, 96 abolitionist, 128 gender Baldwin and, 177 binary Foucault and, 228 art and, 231 motives of, 176 Aschenbach and, 68 rights-based, 128 Auden and, 114, 121, 122 Ferenczi, Sandor, 15 Baldwin and, 156, 168, 177, 178, 180, 181, 215, Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich, 63, 212 219 Fonny (If Beale Street Could Talk), 169 Benedict and, 190, 195, 216 For Faithfulness (Benedict), 194 Billy Budd and, 67 For the Time Being (Auden), 49, 120 Britten and, 210 Forster, E. M., 30, 33, 52, 55, 65, 93, 94 consequences of, 20 Carpenter and, 81 deﬁned, 15 Isherwood and, 31 divided self and, 192, 195 Fortune, Reo, 197 enforcing, 16, 60 Foucault, Michel, 224–229 in boys, 182 Defert and, 226, 227 falsity of, 205 relationship with his parents, 226 Garrison and, 137 Fourteenth Amendment, 192 Mead and, 190, 216 Frankenstein (Isherwood/Bachardy), 90 Mill and, 216 Freaks and the American Ideal of Manhood patriarchy and, 3, 15, 53, 157, 198, 223 (Baldwin), 179, 181, 221 Pears and, 210 Freddie (The Talented Mr. Ripley), 186 Roosevelt and, 187 Frederick the Great (Mann), 68 Rustin and, 141, 144, 177 Freud, Sigmund, 65 Victorian, 23 Fugitive Slave Act, 134 violence and, 15 Fulton, Frederick, 191 hierarchy, 205 Mead and, 199 Gabriel (Go Tell It on the Mountain), 161 George (A Single Man), 91 Gandhi, 6, 42, 55 Gerald (Women in Love), 44 Gandhi, Mohandas, 126, 134 Ghosts of Empire, The (Kwarteng), 34

Index 251

Gide, Andre, 177 Mill and, 28 Giese, Karl, 81 patriarchy and, 13, 53, 157, 198, 223 Gift, The (Mead), 196 Pears and, 210 Gilligan, Carol, 3, 8, 12, 53, 75, 108, 180, 217, 218 Rustin and, 141, 144, 177 Gilligan, James, 205, 206 Highsmith, Patricia, 185–186, 216 Ginsberg, Allen, 31 Hill, Leslie Pinckney, 137 Giovanni (Giovanni’s Room), 156, 163 Hinduism, Vedanta, 87–88 Giovanni’s Room (Baldwin), 155, 156, 163–165, Auden and, 122 215 Hirschfeld, Mangus, 81, 82, 92, 211 Gloriana (Britten), 58, 65 Hitler, Adolf, 68 Go Tell It on the Mountain (Baldwin), 151, 155, 156, homophobia, 7, 12, 25, 53 160, 161–162, 215 Auden, 96 God of Small Things, The (Roy), 12 Baldwin and, 164 Going to Meet the Man (Baldwin), 171–172 Benedict and, 206 Goldenweiser, Alexander, 192, 193 Britten and, 210 Goodbye to Berlin (Isherwood), 82, Christian, 114–116, 183 Graves, Robert, 35 Auden and, 117 Greece, 29 hierarchal violence and, 210 Gregg, Richard, 42 Isherwood and, 96 Grimes, John (Go Tell It on the Mountain), 160 Jewish, 183 Grimes, Peter, 52 King, Jr. and, 147 Grimes, Peter (Peter Grimes), 64 men and, 216 Grimke, Angelina and Sarah, 128, 132 Pears and, 210 Guillaume (Giovanni’s Room), 163 Quakersim and, 143 guilt, 203 Rustin and, 214 structural injustice and, 210 Hamer, Fannie Lou, 176 homosexuality Hamilton, Gerald, 82 Augustinian, 35 Happersberger, Lucien, 155–156, 157, 215 Bloomsbury Group and, 29–30 Harewood, Lord (George Henry Hubert patriarchal view of, in British public Lascelles), 71 schools, 35, 78 Harleth, Gwendolen (Daniel Deronda), 24 Roman views of, 183 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 17–22, 209 Hooker, Evelyn, 89 Heard, Gerald, 43, 86–87, 94 Hopkins, Harry, 188 Wood and, 86, 87 Howe, Louis, 187 Hella (Giovanni’s Room), 163 Hrdy, Sarah, 220 Herman, Judith, 38 human rights, 25, 26 Herzl, Theodor, 24 Huxley, Aldous, 42, 86 Heyn, Dalma, 232 Hickok, Lorena, 4, 186 I Am a Camera, 90 hierarchy Ida (Another Country), 165 Aschenbach and, 68 If Beale Street Could Talk (Baldwin), 167, 169, Auden and, 121, 122 172, 177 Baldwin and, 156, 177, 180, 181, 219 imperialism, 10 Benedict and, 216 British, 3 Billy Budd and, 66 Auden and, 97 Britten and, 210 Bloomsbury Group and, 30 consequences of, 20 Britten and, 36 enforcing, 16, 60, 182 Britten/Auden and, 32 corporal punishment and, 78 Forster and, 55 Evans and, 23 Isherwood and, 86, 93 Garrison and, 137 manhood and, 33, 54 Japanese, 204 Orwell and, 54 Mead and, 190, 216 patriarchy and, 210

252 Index

imperialism (cont.) Kazan, Elia, 168 German, 68 Kennedy, Robert, 167 Japanese, 5, 204 Kerouac, Jack, 31 Roman, 13, 112 Keynes, John Maynard, 29 World War I and, 42 King, Jr., Martin Luther, 126, 167, 170, 172–173, In Memory of Sigmund Freud (Auden), 103 175 In Time of War (Auden), 101 Rustin and, 142, 146–147 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Jacobs), 130 Kirstein, Lincoln, 106, 115, 117 injustice Kitchener, Lord Herbert, 36 resisting, 2 Kwarteng, Kwasi, 34 structural, 2, 12, 28, fascist base of, 148 Ladislaw, Will (Middlemarch), 24 moral slavery and, 129, 147, 193 Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence), 37 patriarchy and, 3, 209 Landauer, Bernhard, 83, 84 Institute for Sexual Science, 81 Landauer, Herr (Mr. Norris Changes Institute of International Relations (AFSC), 137 Trains), 83 intolerance Landauer, Natalia (Mr. Norris Changes religious, 2, 12, 25, 115 Trains), 83 anti-Semitism and, 129 Lapsley, Hilary, 191 Isherwood, Christopher, 4, 6, 7, 33, 54, 73–94, Law Like Love (Auden), 1, 101 116 Lawrence of Arabia, 98 Auden and, 32, 76, 77, 79–81, 85–86 Lawrence, D. H., 44, 181 Bachardy and, 36, 76, 88–92 Lay your sleeping head, my love (Auden), 100 Neddermeyer and, 81–82, 85, 92, 211 Lazar, Guy (Just Above My Head), 168 relationship with his parents, 75, 77, 108, 217 Lee, Spike, 176 Upward and, 78–79 Leeming, David, 151, 172 Viertel and, 84–85, 86 lesbianism Isherwood, Frank, 73–74 Christianity and, 183 Isherwood, Kathleen, 73–74 criminalizing, 183 Isherwood, Christopher punishing, 216 Vedanta Hinduism and, 87–88, 94 Roman views of, 183 transvestite, 183 Jacob Slovak (de Acosta), 185 Levy, Donald, 229 Jacobs, Harriet, 130 Lewes, George Henry, 7, 22, 189, 209 Jacques (Giovanni’s Room), 163 George Eliot and, 23 James, Henry, 151 Lex Julia (Augustus), 18, 60 James, Parnell (Blues for Mister Charlie), 171 liberalism, 2 James, William, 137 British patriotism and, 55 Jane (The World in the Evening), 88 Forster’s universalistic, 43 Japan, 206 Foucault and, 225 Jerry (Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone), political 164 principles of, 25–26 Jimmy (Just Above My Head), 155, 168 Puritan, 19 Journey of Reconciliation, 140 Liberator, The (Garrison), 128 Journey to a War (Isherwood/Auden), 86 Lion and the Unicorn, The. Socialism and the Julia (daughter of Augustus), 18 English Genius (Orwell), 42, 120 Julia (Just Above My Head), 168, 169 Lions and Shadows (Isherwood), 47, 74, 77 Junius (Rape of Lucretia), 59 Little Man Little Man (Baldwin), 167 Just Above My Head (Baldwin), 155, 167 Locke, John, 128 Lofgren, Charles, 192 Kahn, Tom, 140, 143 love Kallman, Chester, 1, 33, 47, 105–107, 116, boundary-crossing 213 structural injustices and, 2 Kathleen and Frank (Isherwood), 76 resistance to injustice and, 2

Index 253

sexual, 3 Mead, Katherine, 190 Auden and, 109 Mead, Margaret, 4, 7, 186, 190–191, 198–200, 224 Augustine of Hippo and, 109, 113 Benedict and, 189–190, 193–198, 206 Baldwin and, 160 contribution of, 216 Benedict and, 194 relationship with her parents, 195, 197 defined by Love Laws, 29 Mead, Martha, 190 Harriet Taylor and, 22 Mean, 216 Hester Prynne and, 21 Meeting by the River, A (Isherwood), 90 Marian Evans and, 22 Melanctha (Stein), 184 Rustin and, 143 Memorial, The (Isherwood), 74, 84 Love Laws, 3, 12 memory, loss of, and trauma, 14 breaking Mendelson, Edward, 101 as resistance, 12–30 Mercer, Lucy, 187 consequences of, 9 Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 38 resisting injustice and, 12 Metraux, Rhoda, 197 violence and, 17 Middlemarch (Eliot), 17, 23–24 Britten and Pears and, 80 Midsummer Night’s Dream, A (Britten), 58, 65 defined Miles (Turn of the Screw), 62 Richards, 209 Mill, John Stuart, 7, 22, 189, 209 Roy, 16 Harriet Taylor and, 24–28 homosexuality and, 29 Mitchell, Donald, 49 Isherwood and, 80, 81, 82 Mitchell, Stephen, 232 relationships forbidden under, 16 Monk, Stephen (The World in the Evening), 88 Loving v. Virginia, 173 monogamy Lydgate (Middlemarch), 23 Britten and, 93 lynching, 129, 160, 172 Huxley and, 93 Montana, Hall (Just Above My Head), 168, Madeleine (Gide), 177 Montgomery bus boycott, 146, 174 Malcolm X, 167, 176 Montmere, 79 Male Prison, The (Baldwin), 177 Moore, G. E., 29 manhood, 205–206 moral injury, 20 American, 180 enforced, 219 Auden and, 95, 97, 98, 101 healing, 222 Baldwin and, 164, 179, 215 homophobia and, 226 black, 173 patriarchy and, 220 British imperial, 54 trauma and, 230 Isherwood and, 95 Vietnam War and, 217 British patriarchal, 210 moral slavery (Richards), 28, 40, 129, 147 Auden and, 213 defined, 25, 145 defining, 141 Subjection of Women and, 26, 28 Isherwood and, 213 Moss, Donald, 218, 221 patriarchal, 215 mothers, 124 stereotypes of, 221 Auden’s, 109, 113, 117 Rustin and, 141 Augustine of Hippo’s, 109, 111–113 shaming of, 205 Baldwin’s, 150 wounded, 98 Britten’s, 45–46, 117 Mann ohne Eigenshaft, Der (Musil), 76 Garrison’s, 131–132, 135 Mann, Thomas, 67 Rustin’s, 136, 142 March on Washington Movement, 140, 147 Mott, Lucretia, 128 Maurice (Forster), 31, 55, 65 Mottley, Constance Baker, 175 Mazzini, Giuseppe, 56 Mr. Norris Changes Trains (Isherwood), 82 McReynolds, Dave, 144 Mrs. Chesnut (Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl), Mead, Edward, 190 130 Mead, Emily (Fogg), 190 Mrs. Dalloway (Woolf), 37–38

254 Index

Mrs. Flint (Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl), 130 Auden and, 42 Musee des Beaux Arts (Auden), 103 Britten and, 42, 45, 54, 126, 210 Musil, Robert, 76 Forster and, 42–43 Mussolini, Benito, 56 Huxley and, 42, 44 Muste, A. J., 139, 140, 141, 148, 174, 176 Isherwood and, 42, 43, 44, 126, 212 My Country Right or Left (Orwell), 42 Orwell and, 42, 54 Myrdal, Gunmar, 207 Pears and, 54, 126, 210 Myth of the Dead War Hero, 73, 74, 75, 79, 108, Rustin and, 126, 139 154, 211, 217 Woolf and, 43 Parable of the Old Man and the Young, The Nabucco (Verdi), 56 (Owen), 63 Naegle, Walter, 140, 144 Parallel Lives (Rose), 22 Nash, Diane, 176 Paris, Baldwin and, 154 nationalism, 92 Parker, Peter, 78, 87, 89 ethnic, 204, 230 Parker, Theodore, 135 patriarchy supported, 100 Parks, Rosa, 175 Italian, 56 parricide, 18 Neddermeyer, Heinz, 81 patriarchy New England Anti-Slavery Convention, 134 Auden and, 108 New English Singers, 51 Britten and, 108 New Year Letter (January 1, 1940, Auden), 118 deﬁned, 13 Nicolson, Harold, 29 demands of, 219 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 115 democracy and, 14 Nixon, E. D., 175 developmental psychology of boys under, 53 Nixon, Richard, 170 ethics and, 225 No Name in the Street (Baldwin), 165, 170 framing conceptions of manhood, 20 nonviolence gender binary and, 3 Baldwin and, 171 heterosexuality and, 8 ML King, Jr. and, 175 hierarchy and, 3, Rustin and, 7, 136–149, 214, 224 homophobia and, 116 Norman, Alan (The Dog Beneath the Skin), 99 legitimating irrational prejudices, 14 Norris, Arthus (Mr. Norris Changes Trains), 82 marks of, 223 Norse, Harold moral injury and, 220, on Auden, 47 mothers’ role under, 75 on Kallman, 105 Neolithic, 13 Notes of a Native Son (Baldwin), 155, 156 political power of, 225 psychology of trauma and, 5 On Liberty (Mill), 25, 26–27 religious authority and, 20 On the Frontier (Auden), 98, 99 resistance to, 4 On This Island (Auden/Britten), 51 love and, 6, 8 One Day When I Was Lost (Baldwin), 176 women’s, 40–41 Orators, The. An English Study (Auden), 34, 97, Woolf and, 40–41 101, 213 resisting Oresteia, The (Aeschylus), 13 Auden, 96 Orford, Ellen (Peter Grimes), 58 Britten/Pears, 95 Orwell, George, 35, 42, 54, 122 Roman, 59, 112 Auden and, 119–120 social injustice and, 12 Our Hunting Fathers (Auden/Britten), 32 traumatic initiation enforcing, 219 Our Rambles in Old London (K. Isherwood), 73 violence and, 116, 221 Owen Wingrave (Britten), 58, 62 women and, 8, 215 Owen, Wilfred, 63–64 patriotism, Orwell’s British, 54 Patterns of Culture (Benedict), 200, 203 paciﬁsm, 37, 42–45 Patterson, Orlando, 173 alternative military service and, 139 Paul Bunyan (Britten/Auden), 32, 46

Index 255

Paul’s Case (Cather), 185 Ramakrishna (Prater Violet), 88 Peabody, Elizabeth, 17 Ramsey, Mr. and Mrs. (To the Lighthouse), 38 Pearl (daughter of fictional Hester Prynne), 18 Randolph, A. Philip, 140, 147, 175 Pears, Peter, 7, 10, 62, 63, 67, 185, 210–211, 212 Ransom, Michael (The Ascent of F6), 99 Britten and, 33, 47–50 Ransom, Sir James (The Ascent of F6), 99 peccatum illud horrible, inter christianos non Rap on Race, A (Baldwin/Mead), 199 nominandum (a crime not fit to be Rape of Lucretia, The (Britten), 58, 59–61 named, Blackstone), 7 Rattle, Simon, 49 Perel, Esther, 232 Rawls, John, 25, 220 Peter Grimes (Britten), 33, 50, 51–53, 58–59, 60, 71, Raymond, Natalie, 197 91, 210, 231 Reagan, Ronald, 170 Isherwood and, 54 Regeneration (Barker), 61–62 Phaedrus (Plato), 68 resistance Piper, Myfanwy, 69 forms of antebellum, 134 Plato, 68 racist, 140 Platt, David, 140 war Plessy v. Ferguson, 193, 207 Rustin and, 139 Porter, Herman W., 152 Rhodes, Cecil, 36 Powell, Jr., Adam Clayton, 146, 173, 174 Richard (Another Country), 165 Power of Non-Violence, The (Gregg), 42 Rights and Duties of the Individual in Relation to Prabhavananda, Swami, 87–88 Government, The (Thoreau), 134 Prater Violet (Isherwood), 85, 88, 92, 212 Rise of Gay Rights and the Fall of the British Preservation of Innocence (Baldwin), 178 Empire, The. Liberal Resistance and the Price of Salt, The (Highsmith), 186 Bloomsbury Group (Richards), 28 Price of the Ticket, The (Baldwin), 179 Roman Empire, 13 priesthood Rome, 29 celibate male, 113 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 4, 7, 186–189, 216, 224 Puritan, of all believers, 19 Hickock and, 187–189 Prodigal Son, The (Britten), 58, 64 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 140 Professions of Women (Woolf), 60–61 Rose, Phyllis, 22 Proudhammer, Leo (Tell Me How Long the Trains Roy, Arundhati, 12, 16 Been Gone), 167 Royal (Go Tell It on the Mountain), 162 Proust, Marcel, 75, 108, 177 Rufus (Another Country), 153, 165 Prynne, Hester (The Scarlett Letter), 17–22, 28 Rustin, Archie, 136 public school, patriarchal hierarchies of, 80 Rustin, Bayard, 4, 6, 7, 10, 125–149, 173, 174, 177, 224 Puritan, ethical ideals of, 19 arrest and conviction of, 141–142, 147 Garrison and, 126–127 Quakerism, 138, 143 Kahn and, 140, 143 Rustin and, 150 ML King, Jr. and, 146–147, 173 Quint, Peter (Turn of the Screw), 62 Naegle and, 140, 144, 149 Platt and, 140 Race and Racism (Benedict), 202 Whitney and, 142 racism, 4, 7, 12, 25, 53, 125–149 Rustin, Florence, 136 Auden and Rustin, Janifer, 136 influences on, 115 Rustin, Julia, 136–137, 138 Baldwin and, 126 Benedict and, 206 Sackville-West, Vita Boas and, 193, 196, 202 Woolf and, 29 cultural, 127 Santayana, George, 137 Southern, 170 Scanlon, T. M., 220 Southern whites and, 160 Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne), 7, 12, 17–22, 209 Rake’s Progress, The (Stravinsky/Auden), 33, 117, Schenkar, Joan, 185 213 Sea and the Mirror, The (Auden), 120 Rakewell, Tom (The Rake’s Progress), 118 second-person standpoint (Darwall), 220

256 Index

segregation, quasi-science of American, 193 Such, Such Were the Joys (Orwell), 35 self, false, 125 suicide compliant (Winnicott), 125 Adams, 188 September 1, 1939 (Auden), 104, 119, 122 Baldwin, 154 Seton, Sally (Mrs. Dalloway), 37 Benedict, 191 Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo, The (Britten), 50, 51 Eyeless in Gaza, 44 Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies Foucault, 226 (Mead), 198 Gerald (Women in Love), 44 sexism, 4, 12, 25, 53 Lucretia (Rape of Lucretia), 59, 61 sexuality, women’s, and patriarchy, 17, 18 Paul (Paul’s Case), 185 Shadow (The Rake’s Progress), 118 Peter Grimes (Peter Grimes), 59, 61 shaming, 15, 20, 203, 215 Rufus (Another Country), 153, 165, 166 voice repression and, 16 Septimus Warren Smith (Mrs. Dalloway), 37 Shay, Jonathan, 20, 217, 222 Woolf, 43 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 43, 93 Worth, 153, 219 Shumann-Heink, Ernestine, 189 Sullivan, Harry Stack, 201 Sinfonia da Requiem (Britten), 50 Swann’s Way (Proust), 75 Single Man, A (Isherwood), 90, 91–92, 143 Sister Margaret (The Amen Corner), 162 Tadzio (Death in Venice), 67–69 Smith, Bessie, 156 Talented Mr. Ripley, The (Highsmith), 185 Smith, Dodie, 88 Tarquin (Rape of Lucretia), 59 Smith, Graham Burrell, 78 Tarquinius (Rape of Lucretia), 59 Smith, Septimus Warren (Mrs. Dalloway), 37 Taylor, Harriet, 7, 22, 189, 209 socialism, 55 Mill and, 24–28 Society of Outsiders, 40, 41, 124 Tell Me How Long the Trains Been Gone Sontag, Susan, 186 (Baldwin), 164, 167, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 146, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Man (Moss), 218 173 Thoreau, Henry David, 134 Southwest Foundation, 194 Three Guineas (Woolf), 37, 39–41, 98, 207 Spain (Auden), 102 Three Lives (Stein), 184 speech, right of, 26, 128, 134 Thurmond, Senator Strom, 147 Spencer, Herbert, 23 Till, Emmett, 171 Spender, Stephen, 80, 94, 107 Tippett, Michael, 48 on Auden, 47 Titania (Midsummer Night’s Dream), 65 Stanton, Elizabeth, 128 To the Lighthouse (Woolf), 37, 38–39 Stein, Gertrude, 184, 216 Toklas, Alice B., 184 Stephens, Thoby, 29 Tolstoy, Leo, 126, 134, 174 Stephens, Vanessa, 29 Tragic Manhood and Democracy. Verdi’s Stephens, Virginia (Virginia Woolf), 29 Voice and the Powers of Musical Art stereotypes (Richards), 56 dehumanizing, and the gender binary, 25 trauma dissociation and, 15 Auden and, 107, 119, 213 identiﬁcation with, 15 Baldwin and, 157, 167 patriarchal gender, 15 Benedict and, 191 Stewart, Maria, 132 bullying and, 16 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 133 communalization of (Shay), 217, 222 Strachey, Lytton, 29, 39, 65 consequences of, 5, 12, 14, 182 Strange Meeting (Owen), 63 marks of, 12, 218 Stranger in the Village (Baldwin), 158, 159, 168, 215 moral injury and, 230 Strangers on a Train (Highsmith/Hitchcock), 185 Mrs. Dalloway and, 37 Stravinsky, Igor, 33 separation, 15, 16, 34, 37, 44, 45 Streetcar Named Desire (Williams), 181 sexual abuse and, 169 Strepponi, Giuseppina, 56 To the Lighthouse and, 39 Subjection of Women, The (Mill), 25, 26, 28 Vietnam vets and, 222

Index 257

Traviata, La (Verdi), 56 resisting, 16, 69 Treaty of Versailles, 34 Isherwood, 82 Truelover, Anne (The Rake’s Progress), 118 Verdi’s, 56 trust, Isherwood and, 93 women’s, 182 Turn of the Screw, The (Britten), 58, 62 Walden (Thoreau), 135 Underneath the abject willow (Auden), 32 Walsh, Peter (Mrs. Dalloway), 37 Universal Declaration of Human Walsh, Rezia (Mrs. Dalloway), 38 Rights, 5 War Requiem (Britten), 45, 58, 63–64, 212 Roosevelt (Eleanor) and, 189, 224 War Resisters League (WRL), 146 Upward, Edward, 94 Way, Niobe, 16, 45, 53, 218 utilitarian principle, 25 Welcome Table, The (Baldwin), 180 Wells-Barnett, Ida, 129, 130, 174 Valentine, Ruth, 197 Weston, Hugh (Lions and Shadows), 47, 77 Van Gogh, Vincent and Theo, 231 Whitney, Norman, 138, 142, 144, 148 Velutha (The God of Small Things), 17 Wilde, Oscar, 54, 81, 83 Verdi, Giuseppe, 56–57 Williams, Charles, 115 Vere, Captain (Billy Budd), 66 Williams, Tennessee, 181 Viertel, Berthold, 84, 86, 87 Winﬁeld, Evan, 152 violence Wingrave, Philip (Owen Wingrave), 62 Baldwin and, 150 Winnicott, D. W., 45, 76, 125 caste distinctions and, 17 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 192 fascist, 103 women forms of, 133 Augustine of Hippo and, 111–114 patriarchal, 150 rights of, 128 resisting Roman conception of, 111 Garrison, 127–136 stereotypical idealized purity of, 160 prejudice and, 206 Women in Love (Lawrence), 44, 181 Violetta (La Traviata), 56 Wood, Christopher, 43, 86 Vishnevskaya, Galina, 63, Woolf, Leonard, 29, 39 Vivaldo (Another Country), 153, 157, 164, 165 Woolf, Virginia, 37–41, 60–61, 124, 207, 210, voice, 3, 4, 10 216 artistic, 53 World in the Evening, The (Isherwood), 88, 94 ethical, 84, 223 Worth, Eugene, 153–154, 219 loss of, and trauma, 14 Wright, Richard, 154 mutual, 163 patriarchy and Yves (Another Country), 165 challenging, 51 silencing, 51 Zen Buddhism, 205