Biographical Glossary

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Biographical Glossary Biographical Glossary All entries are British unless otherwise noted. Ackerley, Joseph Randolph (1896–1967). Literary editor, author, and close friend of Forster’s. He was the literary editor of The Listener from 1935 to 1959. He is also the author of My Dog Tulip (1956) and We Think the World of You (1960). Auden, Wystan Hugh (1907–73). Poet and intimate friend of Isherwood’s. Major works of poetry include The Orators (1932), The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue (1947), The Shield of Achilles (1955), and City Walls and Other Poems (1969). He collaborated with Isherwood on three plays: The Dog Beneath the Skin (1935), The Ascent of F6 (1936), and On the Frontier (1939). Bachardy, Don (1934– ). American painter and Isherwood’s companion from 1953 until Isherwood’s death in 1986. His drawings have been pub- lished in several books: October (1983), Last Drawings of Christopher Isherwood (1990), and Stars in My Eyes (2000). His paintings and drawings are in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery in London, the Metropolitan Museum of New York, and other major art institutions. Barger, Harold (1907–89). Professor of Economics at Columbia University form 1937 to 1975. He graduated from King’s College, Cambridge, and the London School of Economics. Baxter, Walter (1915– ). Author of a novel, Look Down in Mercy (1951), which was considered controversial. He had previously owned a restaurant in London. Beerbohm, Henry Maximilian (Max) (1872–1956). Humorist and essay- ist. Author of Zuleika Dobson (1911). His A Christmas Garland (1912) con- tains parodies of contemporary literary writers, such as Henry James, Joseph Conrad, and H. G. Wells. Bowen, Elizabeth (1899–1973). Novelist and short-story writer. Her col- lections of stories include Encounters (1923), The Cat Jumps (1934), and 166 BIOGRAPHICAL GLOSSARY The Demon Lover (1945). Her novels include The Hotel (1927), The Death of the Heart (1938), and A World of Love (1955). Britten, Benjamin (1913–76). Composer. His operas include Peter Bunyan (1941), Billy Budd (1951), and Death in Venice (1973). A major choral and orchestral work is War Requiem (1961). He also composed the music for two Auden-Isherwood plays, The Ascent of F6 and On the Frontier. Burgess, Guy (1910–63). British diplomat who also spied for the Soviet Union. He eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1956. He introduced Isherwood to Jacky Hewitt (Burgess’s former lover) in 1938. Burra, Peter (1909–37). Literary and music critic. His essay on Forster’s A Passage to India was included in the Everyman’s Library 1942 edition. Cadmus, Paul (1904–99). American artist who drew both Forster and Isherwood. He is best known for his paintings and drawings of male nudes. Caskey, William (Bill) (1921–81). American photographer who was Isherwood’s lover from 1945 to 1951. Cavafy, Constantine P. (1863–1933). Greek poet who spent most of his life in Alexandria. He appears as a character in Lawrence Durrell’s Alexandria Quartet. Charlton, Lionel Evelyn Oswald (Leo) (1879–1956). An Air Commodore who was Air Attaché at the British Embassy in Washington, DC from 1919 to 1922. Friend of Forster’s. Connolly, Cyril (1903–74), Critic and Literary Editor. He founded and edited the influential monthly magazine Horizon from 1939 to 1950. He is also the author of several full-length works, including The Unquiet Grave (1944) by “Palinurus.” Crozier, Eric (1914–94). Librettist who collaborated with Benjamin Britten on several operas, including Billy Budd (upon which he worked also with Forster). Dawkins, Richard MacGillivray (1871–1955). Professor of Byzantine and Modern Greek Language and Literature at Oxford University from 1920 to 1939. Day-Lewis, Cecil (1904–72). Poet of the “Thirties’ Group” that included Auden and Spender. He was active in the Communist Party from 1935 to 1938. His poetry collections informed by contemporary politics include A Time to Dance (1935) and Overtures to a Death (1938). He also wrote detective fiction. BIOGRAPHICAL GLOSSARY 167 Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes (1862–1932). Historian and political activist. A Fellow at King’s College Cambridge and intimate friend of Forster’s. He was a pacifist during World War I. His works include The Greek View of Life (1909) and War: Its Nature, Cause, and Cure (1923). Doone, Rupert (1903–66). Theatrical producer, dancer, and choreogra- pher who founded The Group Theatre, a cooperative. He directed Isherwood and Auden’s play, The Ascent of the F6. Fouts, Denham (Denny). Closely associated with Peter Watson in the 1930s, helping him solicit contributions to the Horizon. He and Isherwood became friends in the 1940s. Glaspell, Susan (1882–1948). American playwright who, together with her husband, George Cook, founded the Provincetown Players on Cape Cod in 1915. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1931 for her play, Alison’s House. Hamilton, Gerald (Mr. Norris) (1890–1970). Isherwood’s friend who was the model for Mr. Norris in Mr. Norris Changes Trains. He was twice imprisoned in England, for associating with the enemy during World War I and promoting peace favorable to the enemy during World War II. Heard, Henry Fitzgerald (Gerald) (1885–1971). Irish writer and philoso- pher. A close friend of Aldous Huxley, both of whom were disciples of Swami Prabhavananda. His works include The Social Substance of Religion (1932), Man the Master (1942), and Is God Evident? (1948). Hewit, Jacky (1917– ). Dancer who had a brief love affair with Isherwood in 1938. He was also the lover of the diplomat, Guy Burgess. Huxley, Aldous (1894–1963). Novelist whose best-known work is Brave New World (1932). His other novels include Point Counter Point (1928) and Eyeless in Gaza (1936). A pacifist who emigrated to California in 1937. He collaborated with Isherwood on two screenplays: Jacob’s Hands and Below the Horizon. Hyndman, Tony. Companion of Stephen Spender’s in the early 1930s. He became a Communist and, after joining the International Brigade, fought briefly in the Spanish Civil War. Kirstein, Lincoln (1907–96). American ballet impresario who, together with George Balanchine, founded the School of American Ballet and the New York City Ballet. Lawrence, Thomas Edward (T. E.) (1888–1935). Soldier and author, com- monly known as “Lawrence of Arabia.” He supported the Arab revolt 168 BIOGRAPHICAL GLOSSARY against the Turks during World War I. His best-known work is The Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph (1926). Lehmann, John (1907–87). Poet, editor, and publisher. Longtime friend of Isherwood’s. He edited New Writing from 1936 to 1939, Penguin New Writing from 1940 to 1950, and The London Magazine from 1954 to 1961. Lehmann, Rosamond (1903–90). Novelist and older sister of John Lehmann. Her works, which include Invitation to the Waltz (1932), The Weather in the Streets (1936), and The Echoing Grove (1953), were contro- versial because of their frank treatment of sexuality. Macaulay, Rose (1881–1958). Novelist. Her works include Told by an Idiot (1923), They Were Defeated (1932), and No Man’s Wit (1940). She is also the author of several collections of essays, including The Writings of E. M. Forster (1938), and travel books. MacCarthy, Desmond (1877–1952). Literary and drama critic who had personal ties to the Bloomsbury circle. He was literary editor of The New Statesman from 1920 to 1927 and senior literary critic of The Sunday Times from 1928 until his death. MacLeish, Archibald (1892–1982). American poet and dramatist. His poetry works include The Happy Marriage (1924) and New Found Land (1930). He also wrote several verse plays for the radio, including The Fall of the City (1937), which denounces totalitarianism. Mann, Erika (1905–69). German actress and author who was the eldest daughter of Thomas Mann. She wrote several anti-Nazi plays for her satir- ical touring revue, “The Peppermill.” She emigrated to the United States with her brother, Klaus, in 1936. Mann, Klaus (1906–49). German novelist and editor who was the eldest son of Thomas Mann. He edited two literary magazines: Die Sammlung in Amsterdam in the 1930s and Decision during the early 1940s in the United States. His best-known novel is Mephisto (1936). Maugham, W. Sommerset (1874–1965). Novelist and short-story writer. His novels include Of Human Bondage (1915), Cakes and Ale (1930), and The Razor’s Edge (1945). Mauron, Charles (1899–1966). French critic and translator who translated Forster’s novel, A Passage to India, into French. He played an active role in the French Resistance during World War II. BIOGRAPHICAL GLOSSARY 169 Plomer, William (1903–73). Poet and novelist born in South Africa but educated in England. His poetic works include The Family Tree (1929) and Visiting the Caves (1936). He wrote the libretto for Benjamin Britten’s Gloriana (1953). Prabhavananda, Swami (1893–1976). Hindu monk belonging to the Ramakrishna Order who founded the Vedanta Society of Southern California. Isherwood studied with him beginning in 1940. Priestley, John Boynton (J. B.) (1894–1984). Novelist, playwright, and lit- erary critic. His works include the novels The Good Companions (1929) and It’s an Old Country (1967), the plays Dangerous Corner (1932) and Time and the Conways (1937), and the critical essays in Literature and Western Man (1960). Raven, Simon (1927–2001). Novelist who also wrote essays, film scripts, and television series. He is the author of a ten-volume work, Alms for Oblivion (1959–76). Roerick, William (Bill) (d. 1995). American actor who was a friend of Isherwood’s and, later, Forster’s. His name is often misspelled in the letters as “Roehrich” or “Roehrick.” Sassoon, Sir Philip (1888–1939). Politician, art collector, and social host. He was Secretary of State for Air from 1924 to 1929 and 1931 to 1937.
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