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High Voltage Safety Dangers of Electricity

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High Voltage Safety Dangers of Electricity The Risk of Electricity High Voltage Safety Dangers of Electricity W. Maes Department of Marine Engineering Antwerp Maritime Academy HV, 2015 Willem Maes High Voltage Safety The Risk of Electricity Outline 1 The Risk of Electricity Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Effects from electricity Heating Source of power Electro-magnetical Chemical Ionisation Leak currents All of these effects are normal but can become a problem if they turn to abnormal. At that moment we have to provide in a proper protection. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electricity can kill Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Dangers of Electricity The dangers of electricity are often not realized. The main reason is that we can barely detect them. However what we can detect are the electrical accidents and there consequence on people and their environment. Under the heading of risks, we can make a distinction between: 1 risk for people (burns, electrocution) 2 risk for their surroundings (fire and explosion) Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment The risk to people The main risk is coming into contact with live materials. The effects, dependent upon the current strength and the voltage difference, vary from panic to death. The effect of panic should not be underestimated as it could lead to a fall or other injury. Another effect is burning. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Figure : The effect of panic Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment The risk to surroundings The risk to surroundings due to an overload or short circuit, causing: an abnormal overheating of an apparatus or a circuit a fire or even an explosion all of this can result in a substantial loss off equipment end or functionality. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Muscle Tetanisation Figure : Involuntary contraction of muscles Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Muscle Tetanisation Muscle Tetanisation is the involuntary contraction of the muscles with as a result: Muscle tetanisation may not allow a detachment of the victim from the live part. Breathing difficulty breathing stops: because of the contraction of the muscles involved in breathing. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Effect on the heart Figure : normal heart rhythm Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Effect on the Heart A small current passing through the chest can result in ventricular fibrillation. If not treated immediately by defibrillation, it can be lethal as the heart muscle cells start moving independently. A shock more than 200 mA is so strong that it can literally stop the heart muscles from moving. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Neurological Effects Figure : neuropathy Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Neurological Effects An electric shock can interfere with the nervous control: This can be dangerous on the heart and lungs. Repeated electric shock that does not lead to death has been shown to be a cause for neuropathy. When the current moves near the head then loss of consciousness occur fast. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Burns Burns are produced by the heat developed by the current flowing through the human body. Burns can be catagorized as: Superficial burns on the surface of the skin. Internal burns can lead to organ burns. The burns from an electric shock can result in organ failure and can lead to death. A person can be blinded even permantly by the UV light emitted by an arc or arc flash. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Noise The violent noise of an arc flash can cause a rupture of the tympanic membranes and temporary sensorineural hearing loss. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electric Shock If one touches a source of electricity, a current will pass trough the body, taking the easiest route to the ground. This is called an electric shock. A human body consist for 2/3 out of fluid therefore people are good electric conductors. The electric current can cause the body to go into shock. This can lead to a falling blood pressure, tackicardia, and loss of consiousness. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electricity’s effect on the human body Electric injury is a relative infrequent but potentialy devasting form of multi system injury with high morbidity and mortality. The severity of the injury depends on the intensity of the electric current, the pathway it follows trough the body, and the duration of the contact with the power source. Immediate death may occur either from current induced ventricular fibrillation or from respiratory arrest secondary to paralysis of the central respiratory control system or to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electricity’s effect on the human body According to Ω’s law, the electric current is proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. Thus exposure of different parts of the body to the same voltage will generate a different current (and therefore a different degree of damage) because resistance varies significantly between various tissues. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electricity’s effect on the human body The least resistance is found in nerves, blood, mucous membranes, and muscles. The highest resistance is found in bones, fat and tendons. Skin has intermediate resistance. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electricity’s effect on the human body The skin is the primary resistor against the electrical current, with a resistance ranging in adults between 40 to 100KΩ, depending on its thickness (the thicker the skin the higher the resistance. The intensity of the electrical shock varies between victims of different sex and age. Even more important than the thickness of the skin is the moisture of the skin. Presence of sweat may decrease the resistance of the skin to less than 1 KΩ. Wet skin offers almost no resistance at all, thus generating the maximal intensity of current. Willem Maes High Voltage Safety Effects from electricity Electricity can kill The Risk of Electricity The risk of electricity for people The physical effect of an electric current on the human body Dangers when working on HV equipment Electricity’s effect on the human body The internal resistance of the body comprises all the other tissues and is estimated between 0.5 to 1 Ω Altough bones, tendons, and fat offer the most resistance to electric current, they are not likely to be the contact points.
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