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Great Britain, the Two World Wars and the Problem of Narrative
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE The Historical Journal provided by Apollo Great Br itain, the Two World Wars and the Problem of Narrative Journal: The Historical Journal Manuscript ID HJ-2016-005.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Period: 1900-99, 2000- Thematic: International Relations, Military, Cultural, Intellectual Geographic: Britain, Europe, Continental Cambridge University Press Page 1 of 60 The Historical Journal Britain, the Two World Wars and the Problem of Narrative BRITAIN, THE TWO WORLD WARS AND THE PROBLEM OF NARRATIVE: PUBLIC MEMORY, NATIONAL HISTORY AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY* David Reynolds Christ’s College, Cambridge So-called ‘memory booms’ have become a feature of public history, as well as providing golden opportunities for the heritage industry. Yet they also open up large and revealing issues for professional historians, shedding light on how societies conceptualize and understand their pasts.1 This article explores the way that British public discourse has grappled with the First and Second World Wars. At the heart of the British problem with these two defining conflicts of the twentieth century is an inability to construct a positive, teleological metanarrative of their overall ‘meaning’. By exploring this theme through historiography and memorialization, it is possible not merely to illuminate Britain’s self-understanding of its twentieth-century history, but also to shed light on the country’s contorted relationship with ‘Europe’, evident in party politics and public debate right down to the ‘Brexit’ referendum of 2016. The concept of mastering the past ( Vergangenheitsbewältigung ) originated in post-1945 West Germany as that country tried to address the horrendous legacies of Nazism. -
The Backstop Lord Bew Foreword by Sir Graham Brady MP
What do we want from the next Prime Minister? A series of policy ideas for new leadership: The Backstop Lord Bew Foreword by Sir Graham Brady MP What do we want from the next Prime Minister? A series of policy ideas for new leadership: The Backstop Lord Bew Foreword by Sir Graham Brady MP Policy Exchange is the UK’s leading think tank. We are an independent, non-partisan educational charity whose mission is to develop and promote new policy ideas that will deliver better public services, a stronger society and a more dynamic economy. Policy Exchange is committed to an evidence-based approach to policy development and retains copyright and full editorial control over all its written research. We work in partnership with academics and other experts and commission major studies involving thorough empirical research of alternative policy outcomes. We believe that the policy experience of other countries offers important lessons for government in the UK. We also believe that government has much to learn from business and the voluntary sector. Registered charity no: 1096300. Trustees Diana Berry, Pamela Dow, Alexander Downer, Andrew Feldman, Candida Gertler, Patricia Hodgson, Greta Jones, Edward Lee, Charlotte Metcalf, Roger Orf, Andrew Roberts, George Robinson, Robert Rosenkranz, Peter Wall, Nigel Wright. What do we want from the next Prime Minister? About the Author Lord Bew is Chair of the House of Lords Appointments Commission. Prior to this he served as Chair of the Committee on Standards in Public Life from 2013 - 2018. He teaches Irish History and Politics at the School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy at Queen’s University. -
No-Deal Brexit – What Does It Mean?
No-deal Brexit – what does it mean? Jeff Twentyman 19 September 2019 / The road to the exit (currently) 23 May 2019 12 April 2019 European 9 September 2019 End of first 4 September 2019 Parliament • Royal Assent for European extension to • European Union elections Union (Withdrawal) (No 2) Act Article 50 (Withdrawal (No 6) Bill – ruling out a no-deal 2019 23 June 2016 Brexit passes all stages • Second Government motion Brexit referendum - in House of Commons calling for an early general 51.9% in favour of 14 November 2018 • Government’s motion election defeated leaving the EU Brexit deal agreed by calling for an early • Prorogation of Parliament for 5 UK and EU negotiators 7 June 2019 General Election weeks to 14 October Theresa May 23 July 2019 defeated steps down Boris Johnson 2016 2017 2018 2019 appointed 5 / 6 September 2019 • House of Lords pass The 29 March 2019 3 September 2019 European Union Original Brexit • start of new Parliamentary term (Withdrawal) (No 6) Bill 29 March 2017 date 15 January, 13 March, • MP’s vote to take control UK triggers of House of Commons “Article 50” 29 March 2019 “Meaningful votes” – 27 March 2019 business Government defeated MPs’ “indicative • Start of legal proceedings votes” to overturn planned inconclusive prorogation / No-deal Brexit – what does it mean? 2 The road to the exit (currently) (cont’d) 14 October 2019 Start of new Parliamentary session and Queen’s Speech (if no general election called) 19 October 2019 31 December 2020 Latest date for the End of transition period PM to send a letter (unless -
A Splendid Torch Interviews with Environmental Funders
A Splendid Torch Interviews with environmental funders Edited by Florence Miller, Phil Murray and Katy Scholfield Acknowledgements The interviews featured in this report were conducted by Phil the 2013/14 financial year, the following trusts and foundations Murray and Dr Katy Scholfield in late 2013 and early 2014. Phil provided financial support for the core operation of the network: was the first full-time researcher for the Environmental Funders Arcadia Fund, Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, Mlinda Foundation, Network (EFN). Katy, who works for Synchronicity Earth, was Polden-Puckham Charitable Foundation, Pure Climate Charitable providing cover for EFN’s coordinator at the time. Trust, Rothschild Foundation, Schroder Foundation and the Waterloo Foundation. Florence Miller, EFN’s full-time coordinator, edited the interviews and drafted the introductory text. Jon Cracknell, who works with The network is guided by a steering group that includes: Simon the family of the late Sir James Goldsmith, helping to manage their Brammer (Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts), Nicholas Ford philanthropic activity, provided additional edits. (Ernest Cook Trust), Gerardo Fragoso (Arcadia Fund), Harriet Gillett (Polden-Puckham Charitable Foundation), Hugh Raven (John The publication was proofread by Etty Payne (etty@elegantwords. Ellerman Foundation), Steph Stares (Waterloo Foundation) and co.uk) and designed by Pete Bishop (peter.bishop@banyandesign. Harriet Williams (Goldsmith Family Philanthropy). EFN would org.uk). like to thank them for their leadership and ongoing support. EFN has received grants, donations and in-kind support from a We would also like to thank the ten funders featured in this publication number of members. We are extremely grateful for this support, for taking the time to be interviewed and for being willing to share their without which the network could not exist in its current form. -
Boris Johnson Gets Short Shrift from European Union Leaders in Brexit Talks
ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ – ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ AA-AA ﭼﻮ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒـــــــﺎﺩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻦ ﻣــــﺒﺎﺩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺘﻦ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺷﻤﻦ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ www.afgazad.com [email protected] ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﺋﯽ European Languages By Richard Tyler 18.09.2019 Boris Johnson gets short shrift from European Union leaders in Brexit talks Boris Johnson’s first visit to meet senior European Union (EU) figures since he took power in July ended with the UK prime minister sent packing without receiving any concessions on Brexit. After meeting Johnson, his host, Luxembourg Prime Minister Xavier Bettel, was forced to address the press alone next to an empty podium—as Johnson had crept out the back door to avoid noisy protesters. Speaking to the Mail on Sunday in advance of his trip, Johnson had sought to present a tough-guy image, ridiculously evoking the Marvel superhero, the Incredible Hulk. He told the paper that if Brexit negotiations broke down, he would ignore the Commons vote ordering him to delay the UK’s exit from the EU on October 31. Like the Hulk, Britain www.afgazad.com 1 [email protected] would break out of the “manacles” of the EU, adding, “The madder Hulk gets, the stronger Hulk gets.” The European Parliament’s Brexit coordinator Guy Verhofstadt dubbed his comment “infantile,” asking, “Is the EU supposed to be scared by this?” with an EU diplomat saying Johnson less resembled the green giant than “Rumpelstiltskin,” who loses his power when his true name is revealed. -
The New Irish Protocol Could Lead to the Indefinite Jurisdiction of the EU Court of Justice Within the UK Dr Oliver Garner
The new Irish Protocol could lead to the indefinite jurisdiction of the EU Court of Justice within the UK Dr Oliver Garner The United Kingdom will hold a General Election on 12 December 2019. The result may determine whether Boris Johnson's renegotiated Withdrawal Agreement that removed the Irish backstop comes into force. One issue that has not been as prominent in the debate is that the new Irish Protocol could lead to the indefinite jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union within the United Kingdom. The new Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the Withdrawal Agreement between the United Kingdom and the European Union differs from the previous 'Irish backstop' in both content and function. The recasting of functions confirms the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) as the legal default following a transition period. The new content means that this jurisdiction would apply to UK authorities acting on UK territory. The creation of a new legal test for when EU law will apply in and to the UK in relation to the movement of goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland means there may be a higher likelihood of this jurisdiction being required. The changes in content and function In terms of content, the new Protocol no longer mandates a single customs territory between the Union and the United Kingdom. Article 4 instead states that Northern Ireland is part of the customs territory of the United Kingdom. Border checks on the island of Ireland are prevented through a new legal test. -
Deficiencies and Omissions in the Brexit Agreement the European Union's Shared Responsibility at the Failure of the UK Withdrawal Negotiations 1
7 / 2019 & Sabine Riedel Deficiencies and Omissions in the Brexit Agreement The European Union's Shared Responsibility at the Failure of the UK Withdrawal Negotiations 1 With the election of Boris Johnson as Chairman of the British Conservatives and his appointment as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, a narrative has emerged in the German media that discred- its his person and thus severely strains future relations. They call him a "swindler", "monster" and "political seducer" who came to power through anti-European positions and populism. The message behind it tells us that he has nothing serious to offer the European Union, so further negotiations on the Brexit Treaty would be out of the question. The disreputation of political personalities, however, is a rhetorical stylistic device and not an objective analysis of the interests at stake in the back- ground. Could it be that not only British, but also "pro-European" forces benefit from the Brexit? Anyone who pursues this question will quickly find what they are looking for. Their motives and goals should be disclosed and discussed, because only such transparency creates room for a with- drawal agreement that satisfies both sides. Those who oppose this expose the EU member states to conflicts that cannot only escalate violently in Northern Ireland. Europe has had more than enough of this in its recent history. A "hard Brexit" is today understood as a "No-Deal dure. Since then, this scenario has been called Brexit", i.e. an EU withdrawal of the United King- "hard Brexit" (SZ, 23.8.2018). This new interpre- dom (UK) without a treaty. -
An Introduction to Brexit
Political Cartoon Analysis: Understanding Brexit Name: _____________________________________________ Teaching with the News Online Resource 1 An Introduction to Brexit n June 2016, voters in the United Kingdom I(UK) chose to leave the European Union (EU), a Definitions process known as Brexit (British Exit). Since that Sovereignty—Sovereignty is a country’s time, politicians have repeatedly tried to negoti- right to govern itself free from outside inter- ate and approve a settlement agreement between ference. the UK and EU that would lay out the terms of the UK’s exit. Which issues led to the Brexit vote in June 2016? The issues that led to the Brexit vote are What is the history of the United Kingdom’s numerous. (See chart on next page.) Some UK citi- relationship to the European Union? zens, known as Brexit supporters, want the UK to The idea of a union of European countries leave the EU. Others, known as Remain supporters, began after World War II as way to promote want the UK to continue to be part of the EU. political and economic cooperation and to avoid another major war. In 1957, six countries formed Voters in the United Kingdom had a chance to the European Economic Commission (EEC). The choose whether they wanted to leave the EU or re- UK declined to join the EEC at that time but be- main a part of the EU in a referendum vote in June came a member in 1973. Even then, some citizens 2016. (A referendum is an opportunity for voters to in the UK voiced concerns about giving up decide an important issue through a popular vote.) decision-making power over some policies to a European organization based in Brussels, Belgium. -
Brexit Timeline
Key moments 2019 2018 June Mar 28-29 30 Jan The EU and British Jan At June’s EU summit, 01 EU leaders will review parliaments must ratify the withdrawal If current plans hold, progress to date. If If all goes to plan, treaty before Brexit. the UK will begin its enough progress has a new EU-UK free Oct transition period. During been trade deal would 18-19 this time the UK will made, drafting of a take effect, along Mar The quarterly EU effectively maintain all “political declaration” with special treaty 22-23 summit is Barnier’s its benefits, in terms of can begin. This relationships in EU leaders target date to agree a access to EU markets “political declaration” areas such as endorse a withdrawal treaty. He and be bound by all EU will provide the security, defense transition period hopes to finalise any rules and budgets. The framework and framework for formal legal loose ends for and research. trade negotiations UK’s voting rights in approve a set of the UK’s departure, Europe will be removed. instructions to with the UK, once it such as the rights of Mar becomes a third It will be consulted on Europe’s chief citizens, mutual 29 some issues and can negotiator, Michel country. Reaching financial At midnight in Brussels, agreement on the 11pm in London, the negotiate its own trade Barnier, to secure commitments and deals. a trade pact with Irish “backstop” will how to keep the Irish UK’s membership of the the UK. be critical to agreeing border fully open. -
Organise! Oil 5 Lions Led by Donkeys 7 Organise! Is the Magazine of the Anarchist Federation (AF) and the Anarchist Federation Michael Mclaughlin 9 Ireland
ANARCHIST FEDERATION At war with Iraq 3 Organise! Oil 5 Lions led by donkeys 7 Organise! is the magazine of the Anarchist Federation (AF) and the Anarchist Federation Michael Mclaughlin 9 Ireland. Organise! is published in order to develop anarchist communist ideas. It aims Argentina: the struggle to provide a clear anarchist viewpoint on contemporary issues and to initiate debate continues 10 on ideas not normally covered by agitational papers. Midnight legislation: the Whiteboys in Ireland 13 We aim to produce Organise! three times a year. To meet this target, we positively Fatherhood 16 solicit contributions from our readers. We aim to print any article that furthers the Yelensky’s fable 18 objectives of anarchist communism. If you’d like to write something for us, but are Reviews 22 unsure whether to do so, why not get in touch first. Letters 26 Even articles that are 100% in agreement with our Aims and Principles can leave much open to debate. As always, the articles in this issue do not necessarily represent Aims & principles 27 the collective viewpoint of the AF. We hope that their publication will produce responses Revolutionary portraits: Senna Hoy 28 from readers and spur the debate on. INSIDE The next issue of Organise! will be out in June 2003. All contributions should be sent to: AF, c/o 84b Whitechapel High Street, London E1 7QX. It would help if all articles could be either typed or on disc (PC or MAC format). Alternatively, articles can Back issues be emailed directly to the editors at: [email protected]. -
Global Macro Research Brexit: Talking Trade an Interview with a Director of the Uk Trade Policy Project – David Henig
FOR PROFESSIONAL CLIENTS ONLY. NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO RETAIL CLIENTS. This strategy is offered by Insight North America LLC (INA) in the United States. INA is part of Insight Investment. Performance presented is that of Insight Investment and should not specifically be viewed as the performance of INA. Please refer to the important disclosures at the back of this document. GLOBAL MACRO RESEARCH BREXIT: TALKING TRADE AN INTERVIEW WITH A DIRECTOR OF THE UK TRADE POLICY PROJECT – DAVID HENIG OCTOBER 2019 R O C R A E M S E L A A R B C O H L • G DAVID HENIG David Henig is Director of the UK Trade Policy Project. A leading expert on the development of UK Trade Policy post Brexit, in 2017 he co-founded the UK Trade Forum, which brings together UK trade policy experts to debate and analyze these issues. He joined the European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE) in 2018, having worked on trade and investment issues for the UK government for a number of years. He was heavily engaged on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) throughout the three and a half years of negotiations, working with both sets of negotiators to develop ways forward, particularly on regulatory coherence, technical barriers to trade (TBT), and sustainable development. He also travelled extensively through the EU making the case for TTIP with Member State Governments and stakeholders. After the UK referendum vote, he helped establish the new Department for International Trade, engaging in many of the UK’s first working groups with non-EU countries, and setting out options for engagement with the US. -
Prospects for a New EU-UK Partnership Into the 2020S
GETTING BREXIT STARTED Prospects for a new EU-UK partnership into the 2020s 1 February 2020 LSE IDEAS is LSE’s foreign policy think tank. Through sustained engagement with policymakers and opinion-formers, IDEAS provides a forum that informs policy debate and connects academic research with the practice of diplomacy and strategy. IDEAS hosts interdisciplinary research projects, produces working papers and reports, holds public and off-the-record events, and delivers cutting-edge executive training programmes for government, business and third-sector organisations. @lseideas facebook/lseideas 2 | LSE IDEAS Report. 1 February 2020 Contents Executive Summary 5 Chapter 1: Next Phase Of UK-EU Negotiations 6 Chapter 2: The EU Post-Brexit 11 Chapter 3: The UK Post-Brexit 13 Endnotes 20 About the authors Andrew Hammond was formerly employed as a Government Special Adviser when the UK last held the Presidency of the EU. He has since worked for consultancy firms advising organisations in the public, private, and third sectors on strategy and performance, including navigating complex political and economic landscapes that impact operations, reputation, policy and investments. He is an Associate at LSE IDEAS at the London School of Economics, and a Visiting Fellow at the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick. Tim Oliver is Director of Studies at Loughborough University London, and Senior Lecturer at the University’s Institute for Diplomacy and International Governance. He is an Associate at LSE IDEAS, and was formerly a Dahrendorf Fellow at LSE, and spent several years as a lecturer in defence and international affairs at the British Army’s Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.