Notes on the Contributors Anthony Arnold is associated with Hoover Institution, and has served as an intelligence analyst in Afghanistan, Germany, Sweden, Burma, Japan, and Eng­ land, specializing in Soviet affairs. He retired from federal service in 1979 and now lives in northern California. Arnold is the author of Afghanistan's Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq (1983). Vyacheslav Belokrenitsky is Head of the Near and Middle East Department in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Moscow, USSR. Marie Broxup is Director of the Society of Central Asian Studies in London, England and is Editor of the quarterly Central Asian Survey, published from London. A specialist of Soviet Central Asian Islam, she has published numerous articles and books, including The Islamic Threat to the Soviet State (1983) co­ authored with Alexandre Bennigsen. Helena Cobban read philosophy, politics and economics at St Hugh's College, Oxford. She lived in Lebanon from 1974 to 1981; her work in the area - for five years as Beirut correspondent of The Sunday Times and The Christian Science Monitor - has kept her in constant contact with people from all Lebanese groups. While researching a political analysis of the PLO, The Palestinian Liberation Organization: People, Power and Politics (1984) and The Making of Modern Lebanon (1985), she was a Visiting Scholar at Harvard University and then a Journalist-in-Residence at Georgetown University. Currently, she is nominated as a scholar with the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC. Lt Col. Joseph J. Collins, a specialist on Afghanistan, is Strategic Analyst in the Office of the Chief of Staff in the US Department of Defense. An author of several articles, his recent publication was The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1986). He has also served as Professor of International Studies at the US Military Academy, West Point, New York. Kail C. Ellis is Director of the Institute of Contemporary Arab and Islamic Studies and also Dean of Arts and Sciences at Villanova University. He has contributed articles and chapters to various volumes and edited The Vatican, Islam and the Middle East. He is a specialist on the problems of political development in the Middle East. Yurl V. Gankovsky is Professor in the Near and Middle East Department of the Institute of Oriental Studies, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He is author of several books and numerous articles on Pakistan and Afghanistan. Melvin A. Goodman is Professor of International Studies in the Department of National Security Policy at the National War College, Ft. McNair, Washington, DC. An author of numerous articles, he specializes on Soviet foreign policy towards the states in the Middle East. Hafeez Malik is Professor of Political Science at Villanova University in Pennsylva­ nia. From 1961 to 1963, and from 1966 to 1984, he was Visiting Lecturer at the 319 320 Notes on the Contributors Foreign Service Institute of the US Department of State. An author/editor of several books and numerous articles, he was from 1971 to 1974 President of the Pakistan Council of the Asia Society, New York. Also, he is President of the Pakistan-American Foundation; founding Director (1973--88) of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies, and since 1977 Editor of the Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, and Executive Director of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies since 1983. Surjit Mansiogh is currently Visiting Scholar at the School of Advanced Inter­ national Studies (Johns Hopkins University) in Washington, DC. Professor Man­ singh has been on the faculty of the American University, The University of Delhi (India), Trinity University (Texas) and a Visiting Professor at the University of Torino (Italy). She was a member of the Indian Foreign Service before joining the academic profession. She has published numerous papers in American and Indian journals and is the author of India's Search for Power: Indira Gandhi's Foreign Policy (1984), co-author of Diplomatic History of Modern India (1989) and author of Historical Dictionary of India (forthcoming). Vladimir Moskalenko is Head of the Pakistan Section in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Moscow, USSR, and author of The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Its Emergence and the Main Stages of Its Evolution (Russian). Railya Muqeemjanova is a Senior Research Associate in the Department of Middle East Studies in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Moscow, USSR. Augustus Richard Norton, who received his PhD from the University of Chicago, is an author of Amal and the Shi'a (1987), and Associate Professor of Comparative Politics at the US Military Academy, West Point, New York. He was one of the military observers in the UN Truce Supervision Organization in South Lebanon during 198ij-81, and studied at close range the Lebanese-Syrian politics during the Israeli occupation of the area. Martha Brill Olcott is Chairman of the Department of Political Science at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York. She studied in the United States, France and the Soviet Union, receiving her doctorate from the University of Chicago. She has been awarded many grants and fellowships during her academic career. She has written and lectured extensively on the subject of the Kazakhs, Islam, and the people of Central Asia and their political impact on the Soviet Union. Professor Olcott's latest book is a compilation of translated readings with Lubomyr A. Hajda, The National Problem in the Soviet Union. R.K. Ramazani, the Harry Flood Byrd, Jr. Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia, has specialized in the Middle East for nearly thirty-five years. He serves on the editorial board of the Middle East Journal, on the board of governors of the Middle East Institute, and as associate editor of the Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies. His numerous books on the Middle East include The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence and the prizewinning Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs. Notes on the Contributors 321 Alvin Z. Rubinstein is Professor of Political Science and Senior Fellow of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania. An author of several books, Rubinstein received several fellowships from the Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation and John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Joseph Wright Twinam, a career foreign service officer of the US Department of State, retired after serving as US Ambassador to Bahrain. Currently, he:, John C. West Professor of Government and International Studies at the Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Lawrence Ziriog is Professor of Political Science at Western Michigan University. He has lived, worked, studied and travelled in Pakistan over a period of twenty-one years. He was an advisor to the Pakistan Administrative Staff College from 1964 to 1966 and he is the author, co-author and editor of five books either dealing specifically with Pakistan or containing sections about Pakistani politics and foreign policy. He has had articles published in many journals and has contributed chapters to numerous books. Appendix: List of Participants in the Seminar Domestic Determinants of Soviet Foreign Policy Towards South Asia and the Middle East 6-8 October 1988 Maj. Gen. (Retd.) M. Imtiaz Ali, former Military Secretary to Prime Minister Z.A. Bhutto, and Advisor on Defense to Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto. Captain Christopher E. Allen, Special Operations Command, Ft. Bragg, NC Dr Anthony Arnold, Hoover Institution, Stanford University Dr Vyacheslav Ya. Belokrenitsky, Chairman, USSR Near and Middle East De­ partment, Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow Mr Yossef Bodansky, Baltimore, Maryland Dr Ralph Braibanti, James B. Duke Professor of Political Science, Duke Univer­ sity, Durham, North Carolina Dr Marie Broxup, Director, Central Asian Studies Institute, Oxford (Britain) Mr. R.K. Bruce, Assistant Manager for Public Affairs, MOBILE Middle East Development Corporation, New York Dr Maya Chadda, Professor of Political Science, William Paterson College, Wayne, NJ Dr David C. Champagne, Special Operations Command (Airborne), Ft. Bragg, NC Dr Helena Cobban, Visiting Scholar, Brookings Institution, Washington DC Lt. Col. Joseph J. Collins, Office of the Chief of Staff, US Army, Pentagon Col. Ralph A. Cossa, National Defense University, Washington, DC Col. Harley C. Davis, Commanding Officer, Special Operations Command (Air­ borne), Ft. Bragg, NC Fr. Edmund J. Dobbin, President of Villanova University Ambassador Hermann F. Eilts, Director, Center for International Relations, Boston University 322 Appendix: List of Seminar Participants 323 Fr. Kail C. Ellis, Dean, Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, Pa. Dr Yuri V. Gankovsky, Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow Mr Stephen Garrison, Soviet Research Analyst, JFK Center for Special Operation Command, Ft. Bragg, NC Dr Melvin A. Goodman, National Defense University, Washington, DC Mr Andrew R. Hart, University of Southern California, Columbia SC Dr Charles Kennedy, Professor of Government and Politics, Wake Forest Univer­ sity, Winson-Salem, NC Dr Robert LaPorte, Professor of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa Dr Surjit Mansingh, School of Advanced International Studies, Washington, DC Ambassador Jamsheed K.A. Marker, Embassy of Pakistan, Washington,