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Savannah Rjve0 Plant Area ORNL/Sub-81/13829/5 NUS-3852 \ —. /V^ LEXINCTON ri \ ) EDC;KKIEI,D / I / \ SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE CHARACTERIZATION , COLUMBIv.v/i,i..«IBIA / \ AIKEN /' / ^ / V { y V v.* x OliAMiKlilK*; V. i S / S IV \ < J Y RICHMOND ^ } UAKNWEI.I. X N \ ^ / i HAMHKIM; \ / / \ I v. ^ \ I BURKE v V I FOR THE J AI.LKNDAI.K \ ,\ SAVANNAH RJVE0 PLANT AREA 1981 / SCREVEN \ / \ j IIA.MI'TO.N^ \ / K / \ > ' / ; / X C / \ prepared for prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory NUS Corporation DISTRIBUTION NC !WI.-.RI,T |C; II,,^,^ ORNL/Sub-81/I3829/5 NUS-3852 J) // SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE CHARACTER»ZATI ON FOR THE SAVANNAH RIVER PLANT AREA Prepared by NUS Corporation Rockvilie, Maryland 20850 Date Published: September 1981 Under Subcontract 62 B-I3829C for OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 operated by Un ion Carbide Corporation for the Department of Energy Contract No. 1^-7405-^9-26 .DISCLAIMER - ,vc»k <i,r«fcV«»It,, Gf U* tM SUIe% '....trw* it* U" '*d »"y '»>»' lurtj-' tw ft' frtWt'fca.t* <C jctu»*cv. (fc^'Mt jy'i'^w 0' *< .r'O'fjVj" COO.K1. V Com* 0'«t0WO. Of MVV1*' tr"*5 HI uV "Vtrtj'O ryjc U"*'3"lv PeVrC* r«fein to *ny n^Cit't f ixsx'-u, c cc t'rlr . v ott-*r»».yi, «Jo« n«nw'i', to" it >!><•« c >•» <" f*vo»mg by S»«t« Co^-r-fct v •"ess*, tr* os^w o* jjwt s»ef«nd n«»» n 00 "01 'Iv Mte o» »«'lect Wov o* Lml#d SutM Godwrmeru at any «jc<*:y t^K.*. 0F T«IR IS UdKMI FOREWORD The Socioeconomic Baseline Characterization presents the social and eco- nomic characteristics of the environs of the Savannah River Plant (SRP). The characterization is keyed to those areas of the social and economic environment that could be impacted by the construction and operation of major facilities at SRP. The data consists of past trends and existing characteristics of the area's land use; its demographic, social, and economic profile; regional government; community services; housing, transportation; and historical, scenic, and archeological resources. Published documents, reports, and brochures were the primary sources of all the data presented in this document. When current published data was unavailable, representatIves of Federal, state, and locai agencies were contacted by telephone. Conversations were followed by letters of veri- fication, which were reviewed and verified by the agency representative. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page FOREWORD i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES . xvi i 1. HISTORY OF THE SAVANNAH RIVER PLANT 1-1 1.1 LOCATION 1-1 1.2 ORIGINS 1-1 1.3 MISSION DEVELOPMENT 1-4 1.4 PAST SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS ON THE AREA 1-5 2. THE STUDY AREA 2-1 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2 2-7 3. LAND USE 3-1 3.1 PRESENT LAND USE 3-2 3.1.1 Primary study area 3-8 3.1.2 Secondary study area 3-21 3.2 FUTURE LAND USE 3-35 3.2.1 Primary Study area 3-39 3.2.2 Secondary study area 3-48 3.3 LAND USE REGULATION 3-56 3.3.1 County land-use regulations 3-56 3.3.2 Community land-use regulations 3-58 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 3-63 ii 4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES AND TRENDS . .\\ 4-1 4.1 POPULATION AND ITS DISTRIBUTION .li. 4-2 4.1.1 Population change ... J) 4-2 4.1.2 Urban-rural ratios . 4-6 4.1.3 Population density . .'/ 4-11 4.2 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS . '! 4-14 4.2.1 Age and sex . 4-14 4.2.2 Race and ethnicity 4-21 4.2.3 Persons per household 4-26 4.2.4 Family income 4-29 4.2.5 Births and deaths 4-34 4.2.6 Migration 4-36 4.2.7 Journey to work 4-40 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4 4-42 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page 5. ECONOMIC PROFILE AND TRENDS 5-1 5.1 MAJOR EMPLOYMENT SECTORS . 5-2 5.1.1 Major employment sectors in 1972 and 1977 • • . 5-2 5.1.2 Employment in the manufacturing sector in 1980 5-8 5.2 PER CAPITA INCOME AND MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME 5-18 5.3 EARNINGS PER EMPLOYEE 5-21 ,, 5-3-1 Earnings per employee in 1972 and 1975 .... 5-21 5.3-2 Earnings per employee in 1977 5-23 5.4 VALUE ADDED 5~29 5.4.1 Value added as a percentage of value of shipments 5-29 5.A.2 Value added levels 5-31 5.4.3 Growth of value added 5-32 5.5 GROSS STATE PRODUCT OF GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA . 5-37 5.6 LABOR MARKET 5-44 5.6.1 General labor force participation rates .... 5-44 5.6.2 Labor markets for construction labor force . 5-46 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 5 5-56 6. SOCIAL PROFILE,,.'*ND TRENDS 6-1 6.1 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION ,'ib-l 6.2 SOCIAL AND WELL-BEING ',£-6 6.2.1 Income 6-6 6.2.2 Divorce, suicide, mental illness, and alco- holism 6-8 6.2.3 Ethnic characteristics : 6-10 6.2.4 Educational -achievement i 6-12 .'i 6.2.5 Policital participation , 6-14 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 6 6-16 . 7. GOVERNMENTS AND FISCAL CAPACITY IN THE REGION . 7-1 7.1 Governments in the region . 7~3 7.1.1 Federal agencies and Federal legislative districts . ; . 7-3 7.1.2 State governments - • • 7-3 7.1.3 Local governments //'.' . 7-15 7.1.4 Intergovernmental coordination ......... 7-24 7.2 Fiscal Capacity in the Primary Study Area . .. • . 7~31 7.2.1 County and municipal governments . • . 7-31 7.2.2 School systems . 7-54 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 7 . • . 7-66 i; 'J •I'' vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page 8. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SERVICES IN THE PRIMARY STUDY AREA ... 8-1 8.1 EDUCATION 8-2 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.1 8-17 8.2 RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL FACILITIES 8-22 8.2.1 Outdoor recreation 8-22 8.2.2 Cultural activities ..... 8-34 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.2 8-35 8.3 FIRE, EMERGENCY MEDICAL, AND AMBULANCE SERVICES . 8-36 8.3.1 Fire services 8-36 8.3.2 Emergency medical and ambulance service .... 8-45 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.3 8-48 8.4 POLICE PROTECTION AND COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL JAILS . 8-51 8.4.1 Police protection . 8-51 8.4.2 Municipal and county jails 8-58 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.4 8-63 8.5 HEALTH SERVICES 8-65 8.5.1 Health service areas 8-65 8.5.2 Hospitals 8-65 8.5.3 Nursing homes 8-72 8.5.4 Health manpower 8-72 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.5 8-78 8.6 SEWAGE TREATMENT 8-80 8.6.1 Municipal sewage treatment facilities 8-80 8.6.2 Suitability for septic tank filter fields . 8-84 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.6 8-86 8.7 COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS 8-88 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.7 8-94 8.8 PUBLIC DOMESTIC SANITARY LANDFILLS AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM 8-96 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.8 8-103 8.9 SOCIAL SERVICES 8-104 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.9 8-106 8.10 LIBRARIES . , 8-107 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8,10 8 '111 8.11 UTILITIES C-112 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 8.11 8-115 9« HODS ING • • 9-1 9.1 TRENDS IN THE HOUSING STOCK FROM 1950 9-2 9.2 TENURE AND COST CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ' HOUSING STOCK 9-15 9.3 VACANCY TRENDS AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS . 9-23 9.4 HOTELS AND MOTELS 9-32 9.5 HOUSING CONSTRUCTION LABOR FORCE . 9-33 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 9 • 9-38 v i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page 10. TRANSPORTATION 10-1 10.1 ROADS AND HIGHWAYS 10-2 10.1.1 Orientation of roads and highways in the study area 10-2 10.1.2 Roads and highways in the primary study area 10-3 10.1.3 Roads and highways within the Savannah River Plant 10-9 10.1.A Traffic characteristics 10-11 10.1.5 Existing highway deficiencies and limitations in the primary study area 10-21 10.1.6 Planned improvements to the road highway system in the primary study area . 10-23 10.2 RAILROADS IN THE PRIMARY STUDY AREA 10-37 10.2.1 Location of trackage and facilities 10-37 10.2.2 Rail facilities within the immediate vicinity of the Savannah River Plant 10-39 10.2.3 Rail improvements and abandonments 10-40 10.-3 AIRPORTS AND FACILITIES 10-47 10.3.1 Location and type of facilities 10-47 10.3.2 Restricted air space 10-47 10.4 WATER TRANSPORTATION 10-49 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 10 10-50 11. HISTORICAL, SCENIC, AND ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE PRIMARY STUDY AREA 11-1 11.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA 11-2 11.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA 11-6 11.2.1 Nationally recognized resources 11-6 11.2.2 State and locally recognized cultural resources within the study area 11-6 11.3 SCENIC RESOURCES OF THE STUDY AREA . 11-17 11.3.1 General scenic description of the study area 11-17 11.3.2 Recognized scenic resources in the study area 11 — 18 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 11., 11-19 12. CIVIL DEFENSE AND EMERGENCY PREPARDNESS . 12-1 1.2.1 CIVIL DEFENSE AGENCIES 12-2 12.2 CIVIL DEFENSE AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMS 12-5 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 12 12-11 13.
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