The World of Broadus Miller: Homicide, Lynching, and Outlawry In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The World of Broadus Miller: Homicide, Lynching, and Outlawry In THE WORLD OF BROADUS MILLER: HOMICIDE, LYNCHING, AND OUTLAWRY IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA by KEVIN WAYNE YOUNG (Under the Direction of John C. Inscoe) ABSTRACT In the summer of 1927, an African American named Broadus Miller was accused of killing a fifteen-year-old white millworker in Morganton, North Carolina. Following a manhunt lasting nearly two weeks, Miller was killed and his body then publicly displayed on the Morganton courthouse lawn. This dissertation uses Broadus Miller’s personal history as a narrative thread to examine the world within which he lived and died. Miller’s story exemplifies much larger patterns and provides a unique lens on race relations and criminal justice in early twentieth-century North and South Carolina. In Miller’s native South Carolina, white supremacy was maintained through lynching, but violence permeated all forms of human interaction and most homicides featured same-race perpetrators and victims. In the early 1920s, Miller spent three years in the South Carolina state penitentiary after killing an African American woman. The court process in his case illustrates the role of race within the South Carolina legal and judicial systems, while examining conditions in the penitentiary during his incarceration demonstrates that rather than serving any rehabilitative function, the penitentiary was a highly lucrative enterprise designed to benefit penal officials. Following Miller’s release from prison, he embarked upon the same journey as thousands of other black South Carolinians in the early 1920s, when the boll weevil ravaged the state’s cotton fields and precipitated a mass out- migration of farm laborers. Like Miller, many of these migrants moved to North Carolina, where they faced a hostile and unwelcoming environment in which the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist groups flourished. By the 1920s white supremacist violence in North Carolina was largely masked by formal law. A unique feature of North Carolina law was the state’s outlawry statute, which was used against Broadus Miller and which gave private citizens the legal authority to kill him. The statute’s origins and application cast a stark light on the nature of state-sanctioned violence. The killing of Miller and exhibition of his dead body took place on the borderline between lynching and state-sanctioned execution—and showed how indefinite that borderline was. INDEX WORDS: Homicide, Lynching, Outlawry, Racism, South Carolina, North Carolina, Asheville, Morganton, Greenwood County, Ku Klux Klan, Boll weevil, Julian Shakespeare Carr, Chain gang, Penitentiary, Junior Order United American Mechanics, Samuel McDowell Tate, Beatrice Cobb, Henry Berry Lowry THE WORLD OF BROADUS MILLER: HOMICIDE, LYNCHING, AND OUTLAWRY IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA by KEVIN WAYNE YOUNG B.A., St. John’s College, 1992 M.A., Appalachian State University, 2007 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2016 © 2016 Kevin Wayne Young All Rights Reserved THE WORLD OF BROADUS MILLER: HOMICIDE, LYNCHING, AND OUTLAWRY IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA by KEVIN WAYNE YOUNG Major Professor: John C. Inscoe Committee: E.M. Beck Kathleen Clark James C. Cobb Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2016 DEDICATION To the memory of my father and mother, Wayne Young (1934-2012) and Helen Dellinger Young (1933-1997) iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation could not have been written without the unwavering support of my advisor John Inscoe. His generosity and kindness are legendary, and I am grateful to have him as a mentor and friend. I thank the members of my dissertation committee at the University of Georgia. Knowing that my work had to pass muster under James Cobb’s keen gaze was a strong incentive to put forth my best effort. I was delighted that noted lynching scholar E.M. Beck agreed to be on my committee, and he was very generous in sharing research material with me. Having Kathleen Clark on my committee made me much more aware of how remarkable Morganton News-Herald editor Beatrice Cobb’s role was within in the male-dominated world of early twentieth-century journalism and politics. My interest in the Broadus Miller case was sparked in the spring of 2006, when I took a cultural studies course taught by Edwin Arnold, who later oversaw my master’s thesis on the case. Sandra Ballard served on the committee for the master’s thesis, and since that time she has been a constant source of much-needed encouragement and support. I first learned of Broadus Miller from reading Bruce Baker’s essay “North Carolina Lynching Ballads,” and he kindly provided me copies of his notes on the case. Bruce Stewart generously shared research material on the North Carolina Klan, and some of my research on the Broadus Miller case appeared in a book that he edited, Blood in the Hills: A History of Violence in Appalachia (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 2012). I have benefitted from conversations or correspondence with numerous other individuals, including Karl Campbell, Claudia Gould, Tom Rusher, and v Orville Vernon Burton. A valued friend and former colleague, Jonathan Bradshaw, read and provided feedback for early drafts of my writing on the case. In the summer of 2007, Sandra Coffey of the Collettsville Historical Society interviewed several elderly residents of Caldwell County, North Carolina, preserving the last surviving memories of the large manhunt that had taken place in the county eighty years earlier. She then transcribed these interviews and sent me copies of the transcripts. Within weeks of conducting the interviews, she was diagnosed with cancer. Her enthusiasm for the project matched my own, and I regret that I never had the chance to thank her personally. In July 2014, George Rush— former mayor of Ware Shoals—gave me a guided tour of the region around Shoals Junction, which proved essential in reconstructing the history of Broadus Miller’s boyhood home. Mr. Rush arranged interviews with a number of local residents, including present-day members of Dunn Creek Baptist Church. I thank Mr. Rush for his kind hospitality, which was one of the highlights of my dissertation research. I owe a special thanks to librarians Gail Benfield and Dottie Ervin of the North Carolina Room in the Burke County Public Library. I am indebted to Commodore Burleson’s children— Margaret Burleson Crumley, Charles Burleson, and Pat Burleson Howell—who were all very generous with their time, their memories, and their openness about their father. I thank Gladys Kincaid’s younger brother and sister, Cecil Kincaid and Elizabeth Kincaid Conley, for speaking with me about a painful episode in their family’s history. Jeannie Logan arranged and facilitated interviews with a number of Morganton residents. Marjorie Fleming was ten years old in 1927; eighty years later, she still vividly remembered the events of that summer, and speaking with her made an indelible impression on me. I thank Carl Evans and Willette Chambers for sharing their memories with me. Ronald Huffman kindly provided me with copies of the photographs that vi were taken on the Morganton courthouse square; Mr. Huffman disapproved of the treatment of Miller’s body, but recognized the historical significance of the photographs. Other Burke County residents—including Bobbie Wakefield, Terry Helton, Charles Tate, Jr., and Charles Graham— also provided valuable information, as did members of the Burke County Historical Society. Lifelong Ashford resident Buford Franklin grew up only a few hundred yards from the scene of Broadus Miller’s death. He had a keen memory and was very insightful, and I am glad that I had the opportunity to speak with him before he passed. Ethel Philyaw Crump shared her memories of the 1927 manhunt with me, and Clyde Dula’s daughter Brenda Gail Pitts provided me with information about her father. During my research, I have been greatly assisted by numerous librarians and courthouse clerks. In South Carolina, I was helped by the staff of the following institutions: Greenwood County Public Library; Ware Shoals Public Library; South Carolina Room of the Anderson County Public Library; Anderson County Clerk of Court; Greenwood County Clerk of Court; the Thomas Cooper and South Caroliniana libraries at the University of South Carolina; South Carolina State Archives. In Georgia, the staff of the University of Georgia Libraries, including the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, were of great help. In North Carolina, the staff of the following institutions facilitated my research: D.H. Ramsey Library at the University of North Carolina Asheville; Old Buncombe County Genealogical Society; Buncombe County Register of Deeds; North Carolina Collection at Asheville’s Pack Memorial Library; Iredell County Public Library; Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina, especially the North Carolina Collection and the Southern Historical Collection; Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Duke University; North Carolina State Archives; Z. Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Forest University; Charlotte Public Library; Yancey County Public vii Library; Belk Library at Appalachian State University, especially the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Burke County Historical Society; Burke County Clerk of Court. I have presented on topics relating to the
Recommended publications
  • Crime, Law Enforcement, and Punishment
    Shirley Papers 48 Research Materials, Crime Series Inventory Box Folder Folder Title Research Materials Crime, Law Enforcement, and Punishment Capital Punishment 152 1 Newspaper clippings, 1951-1988 2 Newspaper clippings, 1891-1938 3 Newspaper clippings, 1990-1993 4 Newspaper clippings, 1994 5 Newspaper clippings, 1995 6 Newspaper clippings, 1996 7 Newspaper clippings, 1997 153 1 Newspaper clippings, 1998 2 Newspaper clippings, 1999 3 Newspaper clippings, 2000 4 Newspaper clippings, 2001-2002 Crime Cases Arizona 154 1 Cochise County 2 Coconino County 3 Gila County 4 Graham County 5-7 Maricopa County 8 Mohave County 9 Navajo County 10 Pima County 11 Pinal County 12 Santa Cruz County 13 Yavapai County 14 Yuma County Arkansas 155 1 Arkansas County 2 Ashley County 3 Baxter County 4 Benton County 5 Boone County 6 Calhoun County 7 Carroll County 8 Clark County 9 Clay County 10 Cleveland County 11 Columbia County 12 Conway County 13 Craighead County 14 Crawford County 15 Crittendon County 16 Cross County 17 Dallas County 18 Faulkner County 19 Franklin County Shirley Papers 49 Research Materials, Crime Series Inventory Box Folder Folder Title 20 Fulton County 21 Garland County 22 Grant County 23 Greene County 24 Hot Springs County 25 Howard County 26 Independence County 27 Izard County 28 Jackson County 29 Jefferson County 30 Johnson County 31 Lafayette County 32 Lincoln County 33 Little River County 34 Logan County 35 Lonoke County 36 Madison County 37 Marion County 156 1 Miller County 2 Mississippi County 3 Monroe County 4 Montgomery County
    [Show full text]
  • Cassociation^ of Southern Women for the "Prevention of Cynching ******
    cAssociation^ of Southern Women for the "Prevention of Cynching JESSIE DANIEL AMES, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MRS. ATTWOOD MARTIN MRS. W. A. NEWELL CHAIRMAN 703 STANDARD BUILDING SECRETARY-TREASURER Louisville, Ky. Greensboro, n. c. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE cAtlanta, Qa MRS. J. R. CAIN, COLUMBIA, S. C. MRS. GEORGE DAVIS, ORANGEBURG, S. C. MRS. M. E. TILLY, ATLANTA, GA. MRS. W. A. TURNER, ATLANTA, GA. MRS. E. MARVIN UNDERWOOD, ATLANTA, GA. January 7, 1932 Composite Picture of Lynching and Lynchers "Vuithout exception, every lynching is an exhibition of cowardice and cruelty. 11 Atlanta Constitution, January 16, 1931. "The falsity of the lynchers' pretense that he is the guardian of chastity." Macon News, November 14, 1930. "The lyncher is in very truth the most vicious debaucher of spirit­ ual values." Birmingham Age Herald, November 14, 1930. "Certainly th: atrocious barbarities of the mob do not enhance the security of women." Charleston, S. C. Evening lost. "Hunt down a member of a lynching mob and he will usually be found hiding behind a woman's skirt." Christian Century, January 8, 1931. ****** In the year 1930, Texas and Georgia, were black spots on the map. This year, 1931, those two states cleaned up and came thro with "no lynchings." But honors arc even. Two states, Louisiana and Tennessee, with "no lynchings" in 1930, add one each in 1931. Florida and Mississippi were the only two states having lynchings in both years. Five of the eight in the South were in these two States alone. Jessie Daniel limes Executive Director Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching CENTRAL COUNCIL Representatives at Large Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake James State Park General Management Plan
    Lake James State Park General Management Plan North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Division of Parks and Recreation Mountain Region February 2017 I. MISSION & PURPOSE MISSION STATEMENT: Conservation: To protect North Carolina’s natural diversity through careful selection and stewardship of state parks system lands; Recreation: To provide and promote outdoor recreation opportunities in the state parks system and throughout the state; and Education: To encourage appreciation of North Carolina’s natural and cultural heritage through diverse educational opportunities; for all citizens of and visitors to the State of North Carolina. Our purpose: The 1987 State Parks Act defines the purposes of the state parks system. It establishes that: The State of North Carolina offers unique archaeologic, geologic, biologic, scenic and recreational resources. These resources are part of the heritage of the people of this State. The heritage of a people should be preserved and managed by those people for their use and for the use of their visitors and descendants. PARK PURPOSE: Lake James was developed for hydroelectric purposes by Duke Power Company in 1923. Lake James State Park was established in 1987, becoming the first North Carolina State Park created under the provisions of the State Parks Act of 1987. It is also the first park in the history of the state to receive funds for acquisition, development, and operation upon its creation. The park serves residents and visitors of North Carolina by providing opportunities for appropriate outdoor recreational use; providing the ability and facilities for viewing and enjoying the major scenic values of the area; protecting wildlife and natural communities within its boundaries; and providing interpretive and environmental programs that allow visitors to learn about the significant resources of the area.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 from Vulnerability to Violence
    FROM VULNERABILITY TO VIOLENCE: GANGS AND ‘HOMICIDE BOOMS’ IN TRINIDAD AND BELIZE1 Adam Baird2 Cite as: Baird, A. (2020) From Vulnerability to Violence: Gangs and ‘homicide booms’ in Trinidad and Belize, Urban Crime. An international Journal (forthcoming) Abstract At the end of the 1990s gang driven homicide rates in Belize and Trinidad boomed and today remain amongst the highest in the world. That these homicide booms occurred as drug transhipments increased, makes casual connections between drugs and violence an intuitive and frequent assumption. This article argues that the role that drugs transhipment plays in sparking transitions to violence is often assumed and overstated, and alone is a weak predictor of violence. The comparative research presented finds that historic, chronic vulnerability in the poor neighbourhoods of eastern Port of Spain and southside Belize City played a defining role in the rise of street gangs; whilst increased lethality is directly attributable to inflows of firearms, which had different transhipment routes and political economies to drugs when homicide booms occurred. Ominously, once a violent street culture is established, it is resilient, guns stay, gangs evolve, and homicide levels persist. Keywords: Gangs, Trinidad, Belize, homicide, drug transhipment, drug trafficking 1 Based on two research projects: Breaking Bad: How transnational drug trafficking creates violent masculinities in local Caribbean communities in Port of Spain. Funded by the ‘Partnership for Conflict, Crime, & Security Research’ program, Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), and; From transnational crime to local insecurity: How drug-trafficking penetrates communities and creates violent masculinities in Belize. Funded by the British Academy / Leverhulme Trust ‘Small Research Grants’ program.
    [Show full text]
  • 1977 - June 30~ 1978
    L ~ 1'*5 $.(!#.3 /'111' l#p·;l S.C. STATE LIBRARY OCT 1 21978 CHECKLIST STATE DOCUMENTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA STATE PUBLICATIONS JULY 1~ 1977 - JUNE 30~ 1978 CoMPILED BY SouTH CAROLINA STATE LIBRARY COLUMBIA~ SOUTH CAROLINA SEPTEMBER 1978 CHECKLIST OF SOUTH CAROLINA STATE PUBLICATIONS Published by the South Carolina State Library Dr. Carlanna Hendrick, Chairwoman South Carolina State Library Board Estellene P. Walker, Librarian South Carolina State Library South Carolina State Library 1500 Senate Street P.O. Box 11469 Columbia, South Carolina 29211 PREFACE Checklist of South Carolina State Publications was issued by the Department of Archives and History for fiscal years 1950/51 through 1966/67 and has been issued by the South Carolina State Library* since fiscal year 1969/70. It is an annual listing of those State publications received by the South Carolina State Library. Materials are listed according to the classification system devised for South Carolina State publications, which is in general an alphabetical arrange­ ment by key word in the issuing agency and in the publication title. The index, first issued with the 1974/75 Checklist, is arranged alphabet­ ically by author, title and subject. Corporate authors are excluded if the publication is classified under that author. Most items are available on interlibrary loan from the South Carolina State Library. Individual items desired for permanent retention, except those from the General Assembly, should be requested from the issuing agency. Committee reports of the General Assembly should be requested from the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Other General Assembly publications may be purchased from the following: Code of Laws of 1976 Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Company Aqueduct Building, Rochester, N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2: Struggle for the Frontier Quiz
    Chapter 2: Struggle for the Frontier Quiz 1. Which of the following tribes lived or hunted in Tennessee? (Select all that apply) a. Cherokee b. Shawnee c. Iroquois d. Creek e. Chickasaw 2. What is Cumberland Gap? a. A low area between the mountains that allowed travelers to cross the mountains more easily b. A trail cut by Richard Henderson through the mountains c. An early settlement in Tennessee d. A mountain peak between Tennessee and Kentucky 3. During the French and Indian War, the British built which Fort in an effort to keep the Cherokee loyal to their side? (Choose 1) a. Fort Nashborough b. Fort Donelson c. Fort Watauga d. Fort Loudoun 4. Choose one answer to complete this sentence: The Proclamation of 1763… a. Ended fighting between the British and the French. b. Prohibited settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to avoid further conflict with Native Americans. c. Was an agreement among the Cherokee about how to deal with the settlers. d. Ended the French and Indian War. Tennessee Blue Book: A History of Tennessee- Student Edition https://tnsoshistory.com 5. Why did the Watauga settlers create the Watauga Compact in 1772? a. Their settlement was under attack by the Cherokee b. Their settlement was outside the boundaries of any colony c. Their settlement was under the control of the British government d. Their settlement needed a more efficient system of government 6. Who cut the trail known as the Wilderness Road? a. James Robertson b. John Donelson c. Daniel Boone d. John Sevier 7.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT “The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:” the Ku Klux Klan in Mclennan County, 1915-1924. Richard H. Fair, M.A. Me
    ABSTRACT “The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:” The Ku Klux Klan in McLennan County, 1915-1924. Richard H. Fair, M.A. Mentor: T. Michael Parrish, Ph.D. This thesis examines the culture of McLennan County surrounding the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s and its influence in central Texas. The pervasive violent nature of the area, specifically cases of lynching, allowed the Klan to return. Championing the ideals of the Reconstruction era Klan and the “Lost Cause” mentality of the Confederacy, the 1920s Klan incorporated a Protestant religious fundamentalism into their principles, along with nationalism and white supremacy. After gaining influence in McLennan County, Klansmen began participating in politics to further advance their interests. The disastrous 1922 Waco Agreement, concerning the election of a Texas Senator, and Felix D. Robertson’s gubernatorial campaign in 1924 represent the Klan’s first and last attempts to manipulate politics. These failed endeavors marked the Klan’s decline in McLennan County and Texas at large. “The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:” The Ku Klux Klan in McLennan County, 1915-1924 by Richard H. Fair, B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of History ___________________________________ Jeffrey S. Hamilton, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee ___________________________________ T. Michael Parrish, Ph.D., Chairperson ___________________________________ Thomas L. Charlton, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Stephen M. Sloan, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Jerold L. Waltman, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School August 2009 ___________________________________ J.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary Tricksters in African American and Chinese American Fiction
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2000 Far from "everybody's everything": Literary tricksters in African American and Chinese American fiction Crystal Suzette anderson College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, American Literature Commons, and the Ethnic Studies Commons Recommended Citation anderson, Crystal Suzette, "Far from "everybody's everything": Literary tricksters in African American and Chinese American fiction" (2000). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623988. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-z7mp-ce69 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • To South Africans of Color Such As My Mother, Who Came of Age in The
    To South Africans of color such as my mother, who came of age in the years after 1948, when the white minority government launched the so- cial experiment known as apartheid, the United States beckoned as a country of promise and opportunity, a faraway place relatively free of the racialized degradation South Africa had come to epitomize. Americans, especially black Americans, were glamorous and well off and lived in beau- tiful homes, my mother and many in her generation believed. Although they understood that whites ran most things in America, too, it was hard to conceive of a life as oppressive as that experienced by people of color under the strictures of South African baaskaap, or white domination. As she planned to leave, my mother believed that she was escaping a country on the verge of self-destruction, its trauma highlighted by events that were increasingly capturing the world’s attention. In 1966, thousands of people had been evicted from District Six, a multiracial area in central Cape Town, and dumped on the barren wastelands of the Cape Flats. In May 1966, anti-apartheid activist Bram Fischer was sentenced to life in prison for his work with the African National Congress (ANC) and its military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), and the South African Communist Party. A month later, U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy toured the country, speaking out against apartheid, meeting with ANC president-general Albert Luthuli, and criticizing the govern- ment in a historic speech at the University of Cape Town. In July 1966, the government banned nearly one thousand people under the Suppres- sion of Communism Act and the Riotous Assemblies Act.
    [Show full text]
  • FEDERAL FISCAL YEARS 2006-2008 South Carolina
    FORMULA GRANT FUNDING PLAN FEDERAL FISCAL YEARS 2006-2008 South Carolina Department of Public Safety Office of Justice Programs March 2007 2-1 Three-Year Plan 1.) Updated Description of the System A. Structure and Function of the Juvenile Justice System South Carolina has a largely centralized juvenile justice system, separate and apart from the adult system, and the state bears over 90 percent of the costs of juvenile justice. Although juvenile law enforcement duties are dispersed among the many law enforcement agencies, judicial services are provided by family court judges operating under the South Carolina Unified (Statewide) Family Court Judicial System. Additionally, juvenile justice services are provided by a single state agency, the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ), formerly the Department of Youth Services. DJJ provides a full range of services including: prevention programs, detention/release screening, intake services, probation and aftercare supervision, services to the victims of juvenile crime, restitution programs, institutional programs, community supportive functions, institutional treatment, educational programs, and Interstate Compact administration. The goal of this broad spectrum of services is promoting public safety, preventing delinquency, and rehabilitating juvenile offenders. Major components of the juvenile justice system are described in order of contact with a juvenile as follows: (a) Law Enforcement: The primary functions of law enforcement are apprehension, detention, and referral to the judicial system for further action. Within the scope of their prescribed functions, law enforcement officers and agencies have discretionary powers and the latitude to exercise their best judgment on the proper disposition of cases before them. The discretionary powers relate to choices concerning apprehension, pressing charges, and detention.
    [Show full text]
  • July 31, 2020 Chancellor Kevin Guskiewicz Via Electronic Delivery
    July 31, 2020 Chancellor Kevin Guskiewicz Via electronic delivery Dear Chancellor Guskiewicz: On behalf of the Commission on History, Race, and a Way Forward, we write to follow up on the Board of Trustees’ July 29 meeting, specifically with regard to the interim decision to leave the name of Thomas Ruffin Jr. on Ruffin Residence Hall. New evidence has come to light, which does not appear in any published account of Klan violence during the Reconstruction era. It is in the form of newspaper stories and public correspondence that link Ruffin to a legislative grant of amnesty to Klansmen who were responsible for two political assassinations in Alamance and Caswell Counties. Both victims – one black, the other white – were Republican officeholders and civic leaders. A full report accompanies this letter as a supplement to materials submitted in support of our July 10 recommendation that the names of Charles Aycock, Julian Carr, Josephus Daniels, Thomas Ruffin, and Thomas Ruffin Jr. be removed from campus buildings. We believe that the information presented warrants an expedited review and removal of Thomas Ruffin Jr.’s name from Ruffin Residence Hall at the earliest possible date. This referral and the attached report were approved unanimously by commission members on July 30 in a poll conducted via e-mail. For the Commission, Patricia S. Parker James Leloudis Thomas Ruffin Jr. (1824 – 1889) This document supplements supporting materials that accompanied the July 10, 2020, recommendation from the Commission on History, Race, and a Way Forward that the names of Thomas Ruffin and Thomas Ruffin Jr. be removed from Ruffin Residence Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • Lives from Death Row: Common Sinners and Current Pasts
    Moats, B 2019 Lives From Death Row: Common Sinners and Current Pasts. Anthurium, 15(2): 9, 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33596/anth.383 ARTICLE Lives From Death Row: Common Sinners and Current Pasts Ben Moats The University of Miami and Exchange for Change, US [email protected] This analysis interrogates Mumia Abu-Jamal’s Live From Death Row to argue that unlike traditional personal narratives or memoirs, the diverse series of vignettes in Abu-Jamal’s most famous publication provoke readers to grapple not solely with his lived experiences on death row or the lived experiences of his fellow inmates; they also call for readers to confront the damming moral, social, and economic impact of mass incarceration on society at large. His internal account of prison life, therefore, depicts the inmates of Pennsylvania’s Huntingdon County prison not as moral aliens but as human beings and what early New England execution sermons describe as “common sinners.” More specifically, Abu-Jamal’s arguments linking the “free” with the condemned work on two basic levels. First and foremost, they illuminate the ways we all share a common history of racism by implicitly revealing the connections between slavery, Dred Scott, Plessey v. Ferguson, Jim Crow, the civil rights movement, McCleskey v. Kemp, and the ideological prejudices that still permeate and influence our legal, political, and social systems today. Thus, given Abu-Jamal’s compassionate internal account of prison life; his analysis of the all-to-frequent harsh realities of our justice system; as well as his common-sense plea for reform, this analysis contends that Live From Death Row continues to speak with more contemporary works like Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow, Netflix’s 13th, Angela Y.
    [Show full text]