Illinois Basin
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Cambro-Ordovician of the Illinois Basin RDOVICI -O AN O O R F B T M H A E C ILLINOIS BASIN Cambro-Ordovician of the Illinois Basin Overview This GeoDigital Information study of the exploration potential of the deeper portion of Cambrian and Ordovician sandstones of the the Illinois Basin, but studies of these Illinois Basin is designed to assist relatively shallow fields were used in exploration and production geologists in combination with the extensive core control their understanding of factors that control from the basin margins to provide a hydrocarbon distribution and production framework for future exploration of these potential in these reservoirs. This research deep reservoirs. Special emphasis was is a logical compliment to the GDI study of placed on recognizing and mapping the deep Ordovician gas reservoirs in the potential hydrocarbon source rock intervals Michigan Basin. These lower Paleozoic and on defining thermal maturity trends of rocks of the Illinois Basin are similar in these source rocks within the basin. many ways to those in the Michigan Basin and, thus, offer similar reservoir potential. All or portions of 115 counties in This fact has created interest in the deep southeastern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, potential of this region. Adding to the and western Kentucky lie within the study reservoir potential of the Cambro- area. 366 wells penetrating more than 100 Ordovician rocks in the Illinois Basin is the feet below the Trenton Limestone (Galena fact that many large hydrocarbon reservoirs Group in Illinois) were included in the occur in equivalent age rocks in nearby stratigraphic database. While this is an parts of the U.S. Midcontinent such as average of only one well per 60 miles (and eastern Indiana, northwestern Ohio, much less than this for the deep part of the Kansas, and Oklahoma. basin), it reflects the relatively untested nature of the Cambro-Ordovician section in This study integrates a variety of data sets the study area. including wireline logs, cores, seismic lines, source rock analyses, and published This study defines successfully the regional literature to provide a comprehensive stratigraphic markers and intervals in the summary of the stratigraphy, lithologies, Cambro-Ordovician section of southern depositional environments, hydrocarbon Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western source potential, and reservoir possibilities Kentucky. It also generates a in the Cambro-Ordovician section. comprehensive and internally consistent stratigraphic database for all study wells. Lower Paleozoic rocks in the Illinois Basin This includes the definition and correlation occur at depths ranging from 1,000 feet of stratigraphic markers that can be traced along the basin margins to more than laterally through parts or all of the 50,000 13,000 feet in the center of the basin. square mile study area. Approximately 20 Ordovician oil fields, located mainly near the basin margins, In addition, the study describes the major provide evidence that deeper fields may be lithologies within each stratigraphic interval present in the basin center. This regional based on core examination and log geological study focuses mainly on the interpretation. It also examines the petrography of reservoir and source rocks particularly the source and reservoir with emphasis on mineralogy, lithology, lithologies. These various data sets are types and origin of porosity, and the types of integrated to define promising plays and organic matter (in the source rocks). From trends for future exploration and this information, depositional models are development of Cambro-Ordovician generated for predicting the regional reservoirs in the Illinois Basin. distribution of the various lithologies, Database 366 Study Wells 34 Cores Described (8,980'') 28 Regional Stratigraphic Markers 359 Thinsections Organic Geochemical Analyses A total of 64 samples from 32 wells were selected for source rock analyses to provide a representative stratigraphic and geographic distribution of geochemical data. Due to the absence of Cambro-Ordovician cores at the Kentucky Geological Survey, only cuttings were available from wells in western Kentucky. Cuttings were also used for several wells (e.g., #1 Cuppy, #1 Cisne, #1 Farley) in Illinois and Indiana where cores of promising source beds were not available. Key Well Panels Nine important wells in the database were selected for generation of Key Well Panels. These panels include a digitized log suite for a selected portion of the stratigraphic column (generally the Ancell to Trenton section), computer-generated lithologic interpretations for this part of the log, core descriptions where available, a synthetic seismic trace generated from the log data, and a short section of one of seismic lines (where available near the wellsite) showing the reflectors so that these can be correlated to the synthetic seismogram. Cross Sections 7 Regional Cross Sections (VS 1" = 20 Field Cross Sections (VS 2.5" = 100') 100') Regional Maps 8 Regional Isopach Maps 1 Sandstone Isolith Map (St. Peter) 1 Structure Map (Top of Trenton) 1 Hydrocarbon Show & Production Map Report Contents TEXT AND FIGURES - This extensively STRATIGRAPHIC DATA - Well illustrated report includes discussion, identification and stratigraphic marker data figures, and color photographs on such for the 366 study wells in this study are topics as: Depositional Setting, Stratigraphy available in digital form. This database and Lithofacies, Depositional History, includes the 28 stratigraphic tops, lithologic Petrography, Petrophysics, Exploration markers, and chronostratigraphic picks data Recommendations, and Bibliography. for the study wells. This information is referenced by well name, operator, and API CORE DESCRIPTIONS - This section number. contains the detailed descriptions of 8,980 feet of core from 34 wells throughout the MAPS AND CROSS SECTIONS - These Illinois Basin and on the Kankakee Arch two files contain a grid of cross sections and between the Illinois and Michigan basins. maps. Fifty six field maps, 20 field cross These descriptions provide a basis for sections, 37 regional maps and seven defining lithology and depositional regional cross sections are provided for sequences in the various formations of correlation and mapping applications. The Cambrian and Ordovician age in the Illinois regional maps show the distribution of wells, Basin. structural elements, sedimentary and diagenetic facies, porosity, and production. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ATLAS - This section provides a brief review of major findings of the study. It includes small-scale versions of key maps and cross sections. Cambro-Ordovician Study of Illinois Basin TAZEWELL FORD MC- MCLEAN WARREN TIPPE- DONOUGH FULTON CANOE CLINTON TIPTON MASON MADI- SCHUYLER DE WITT SON CHAMPAIGN HAMIL- LOGAN FOUNTAIN MONT- BOONE TON MENARD PLATT VERM LL ON GOMERY CASS BROWN Study Boundary HAN- MACON HEND- MARION COCK SANGAMON RICKS MORGAN DOUGLAS PARKE EDGAR PUTNAM PIKE SCOTT VERM SHELBY CHRISTIAN MOULTR E COLES MORGAN VIGO JOHNSON SHELBY CLAY GREENE PIKE CALHOUN CLARK OWEN MACOUPIN MONTGOMERY CUMBER- LAND INDIANA JERSEY ILLINOIS SULLIVAN LINCOLN EFFINGHAM GREENE JENN- FAYETTE JASPER CRAWFORD INGS JACKSON BOND TRIGG ST. MADISON CHARLES CLAY RICH- LAW- DAVIESS RENCE KNOX SCOTT MARION LAND WASHING- ST. LOUIS CLINTON MART N TON ORANGE ST. CLAIR CLARK FRANK- WAYNE PIKE FLOYD DUBOIS LIN WASHINGTON CRAWFORD JEFFERSON WABASH GIBSON JEFFER- MONROE EDWARDS HARR- JEFFER- SON ISON SON PERRY PERRY HAMIL- WHITE WARRICK RANDOLPH MEADE WASHING- TON BUL- POSEY BURGH FRANKLIN VANDER- SPENCER LITT TON STE. HANCOCK GENE- ST. VIEVE GAL- BRECKIN- FRAN- JACKSON SALINE HENDERSON WILLIAMSON LATIN RIDGE SOIS PERRY DAVIESS HARDIN UNION MCCLEAN LARUE HARDIN WEBSTER OHIO GRAYSON MISSOURI CAPE UNION JOHNSON POPE REY- GIRARDEAU BOLL- LIVINGSTON CRITTENDEN NOLDS ALEXANDER HART HOPKINS EDMONSON INGER MASSAC CALDWELL MUHLEN- BUTLER WAYNE BERG PULASKI MCCRACKEN SCOTT BALLARD MARSHALL LYON KENTUCKY WARREN BARREN CHRISTIAN MISS- LOGAN ISSI- CARLISLE TODD TRIGG MON- 0 N 60 PPI GRAVES SIMPSON ALLEN NEW HICKMAN ROE MADRID MILES CALLAWAY FULTON STEWART MONTGOMERY ROBERTSON SUMNER MACON Cambro-Ordovician Study of the Illinois Basin Study Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… i List of Figures …………………………………………………………………… vi List of Maps, Cross Sections, and Key Panels ………………………………xxi SUMMARY Summary Study Objectives ……………………………………………………...………… S-1 Study Area ………………………………………………………….…………… S-2 Regional Setting and Paleoclimate ……………………………..…………….. S-2 Stratigraphy of the Sauk Sequence …………………….…….………………. S-4 Stratigraphy of the Whiterockian Sequence …………….……..…………….. S-5 Stratigraphy of the Lower Tippecanoe Sequence ………..…………………. S-5 Lithologies ……………………………………………………….………………. S-7 Porosity Types …………………………………………………………………...S-10 Depositional History ……………………………………………………………..S-12 Source Rock Evaluation and Burial History ………………………………….. S-14 Exploration Concepts …………………………………………………….…….. S-17 CHAPTER 1 Introduction General Introduction ………………………………………………………..….. 1-1 Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………………..…. 1-2 Study Area …………………………………………………………………….… 1-3 General Stratigraphy …………………………………………………………… 1-4 Methods and Data ……………………………………………………………… 1-6 Study Wells ………………………………………………………….….. 1-7 Key Well Panels …………………………………………………...…… 1-7 Cores ……………………………………………………………………. 1-7 Petrography ………………………………………………………..…… 1-8 Source Rock Analyses ……………………………………………..…..1-8 Seismic Data …………………………………………………..……….